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Design and Implementation of a Pure Sine Wave Single Phase Inverter for
Photovoltaic Applications
1
Abstract
This paper aims at developing the control circuit for
a single phase inverter which produces a pure sine wave
with an output voltage that has the same magnitude and
frequency as a grid voltage. A microcontroller, based on
an advanced technology to generate a sine wave with
fewer harmonics, less cost and a simpler design. The
technique used is the sinusoidal pulse width modulation
signal (SPWM) which is generated by microcontroller.
The designed inverter is tested on various AC loads and is
essentially focused upon low power electronic
applications such as a lamp, a fan and chargers etc. The
proposed model of the inverter can improve the output
wave forms of the inverter and the dead time control
reduced to 63s. The finished design is simulated in
Proteus and PSIM software to ensure output results which
is verified practically.
Keywords: A microcontroller; Sinusoidal Pulse Width
Modulation (SPWM); Dead time; Analog to digital
converter (ADC), Inverter.
1. Introduction
Nowadays, the world needs the electricity to be
increased. The main reasons for the energy
increase demand are the population, the
economy growth and the rapid depletion of
fossils based on energy reserve and rapid
growth of energy demand. Then, it must
research for an alternative source of power
generation. One of these sources is a renewable
energy which possibly has no harm on the
environment [1]. The need of the power rating
inverter is required to operate electrical and
electronic appliances smoothly. Most of the
available commercially uninterruptible power
supplies (UPSs) are actually square wave
inverters or quasi sine wave inverters.
Electronic devices, managed by these inverters
will be damaged due to the contents of the
harmonics [2, 3]. Available pure sine wave
inverters are too expensive and the output non
sinusoidal, but the sine wave generation is
2. Problem statement
1- The inverter is one of the power conversion
device that is widely used in the world to
convert DC input voltage to AC output voltage.
The output voltage wave form of ideal inverters
should be sinusoidal. However, the waveform of
practical inverter is non-sinusoidal and contains
harmonics [11, 12]. The electronic devices,
managed by this inverter will be damaged due
to the contents of the harmonic. Harmonics
contents in inverter output depend on the
number of pulses per cycle. [2, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17] Many researchers investigated that the
output signal wave is distorted.
2- In switching the losses problem, the number
of pulses per cycle is also affected. The use of
high switching technique will contribute to the
high power losses. The following factor is to be
considered in order to meet the following
requirements.
i. The Cost of the equipment
ii. The Size of the filter
iii. The Power loss in switching the element
3- The most important problem to be considered
is the dead time control. Dead time period must
be suitable to avoid the problem of damaging
the switch and harmonic problem. If the dead
time is short, it will cause damage to the
switches and if it is long, it will cause increase
in the total harmonic distortion, as studied in [6
,7].
3. The System and Characterization of the
Proposed Design.
Figure 1 shows the basic block diagram of
the proposed system. The range of the inverter
circuit is to obtain a desired output voltage of
220 V ac and a frequency of 50 Hz. The
contents of the designed system are:1- Power module of the inverter.
2- The microcontroller circuit and programming
software.
3- Testing the inverter circuit.
The full H-bridge inverter circuit is used to
convert a DC voltage to a sinusoidal AC voltage
at a desired output voltage and frequency.
CONTROL SIGNAL
A
K
V+
VO
V-
8
6/7
5
C1
C7 C3
100nF
Q1
C5
R1
47uF
TLP250
Resistor
22
22
Load
A
K
V+
VO
V-
8
6/7
5
C2
100nF
Q4
C6
47uF
R2
IRL540N
Q3
IRL540N
Resistor
Resistor
22
V+
VO
V-
A
K
2
3
SPWM_CONTROL SIGNAL
TLP250
PICKit 2 programmer
22
C8 47uF
H-bridge inverter
Gate driver
TLP250
C4
R4
Resistor
0 degree ofiset
U3
18 VDC
Resistor
U2
2
47uF 100nF
8
6/7
5
R3
IRL540N
Resistor
18 VDC
50 Hz Square Wave ,
Q2
IRL540N
Resistor
DC power supply
Resistor
U1
2
INVERTED_SPWM
100nF
Load with
connection output
LC filter
U4
8
6/7
5
V+
VO
VTLP250
A
K
2
3
50 Hz Square Wave ,
TLP250
63 s
SPWM1
PWM2
SPWM2
PWM1
7
Fig.19 Observation hardware setup of a pure sine wave
inverter with load 15W.
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
4. Conclusion
The main task of this work is to develop and
improve the control circuit for a single phase
inverter which has been implemented using
PIC microcontroller.
The used method to control the inverter
switch is the SPWM technique. This method
is superior to other methods because improve
the quality of the output waveform.
The simulation results to are performed at
PSIM and Proteus software and compared
the experimental results to performed by the
LAB-module
The dead time is reduced to 63 s in the
proposed comparing with the research which
reach 180 s.
The tested inverter is loaded at various ac
loads such as 11 W, 15 W and 26W.
5. References