TA 101: Engineering Graphics

2014-15 II
Lecture 20

Dr. Tarun Gupta

Department of Civil Engineering
IIT Kanpur
Room No. FB310; Phone 7128
E-mail: tarun@iitk.ac.in

Week

Cou
rse
Outl
ine

Lecture

Lab Assignments

Lettering and construction

None

Orthographic projections

Lettering and construction

Orthographic projections with

dimensioning

Orthographic projections

Isometric views and projection

Orthographic projections with

dimensioning

Oblique views + AutoCAD

Isometric views and projection

Sectional views

Oblique views

Missing views and lines

Sectional views (AutoCAD)

Perspective views

Lines and planes 1

10

Lines and planes 2

11

Auxiliary views

12

Intersection of solids

13

Development of surfaces

14

Review

Missing views and lines

(AutoCAD)
Perspective views
Lines and planes 1
Lines and planes 2
Auxiliary views
Intersection of solids
Development of surfaces

Intersecting Lines

H
F
Can we say that the two lines are intersecting by
looking at H view only?

Intersecting Lines
At-least two orthographic views are needed to
determine if the two lines are intersecting
lines.

Intersecting Lines

Are the two lines intersecting?

No. Why not?

Intersecting Lines
If two lines intersect, there is one single common
point of intersection.
The point of intersection, when viewed in
orthographic projections, must be aligned.
Therefore, any two lines are said to be
intersecting if the point of intersection is
aligned in all the views.

Intersecting Lines

Are the two lines intersecting?

YES, as the point of intersection is aligned.

Non-Intersecting Lines
Non-intersecting lines are lines that do not share
a common point.

Non-Intersecting Lines

Skew Lines
Lines at an angle to each other are called skew
lines.
Skew lines may or may not intersect.

Skew Lines
Both A & B are examples of skew lines.

Parallel Lines
Lines that have common space direction (i.e.
slope and bearing) are parallel lines.
Parallel lines will remain parallel in all the
views.
Lines may appear to be parallel in one or even
two views but may not be parallel.

Parallel Lines

Are the two lines parallel?

May be!

Parallel Lines

Are the two lines parallel?

NO!

Parallel Lines

H
F

Are the two lines parallel?

YES.

Perpendicular Lines

Are the two lines perpendicular?

Yes!

Perpendicular Lines

Are the two lines perpendicular?

Yes!

Perpendicular Lines

Are the two lines perpendicular?

May be!

Perpendicular Lines
To ascertain if the lines IJ and KL are
perpendicular, an auxiliary view is needed so
that one of the lines is in TL and then the two
are at right angles.

Intersection of A Line and A Plane

Can the line and the plane

intersect at any other
location?

TL

EV

F A1
20

Intersection of A Line and A Plane

EV

TL

V A1

21

Find Point of
Intersection: Edge
View Method

EV

H
V

22

Visibility of Line

H
V

23

Visibility of Line:
Projection Method

H
V

24

H
V

Projection Method
25

Line of Intersection
Using Edge View
Method

H
V

EV

TL

26

Edge View From H

Plane

TL

H
V

EV

27

Irrespective of the Plane

Considered, the Same

Intersection Line is Obtained

TL

EV

EV

28

Visibility:
Projection
Method

29

Plane
2H

BH

3H

2H

3H

AH
AH
4H

1H

H
F

NOT TL

EV

4H

1H
H
F

1F,2F

BF

1F,2F
AF

BH

4F,3F

NOT TRUE ANGLE

TL

BF

EV

AF

4F,3F

TRUE ANGLE

Condition needed to find the angle

between a line and a plane
Visibility of the Line?
30

Plane
How will you get the true angle between an oblique line and an
oblique
The lineplane?
should be in TL and plane in EV. First get the plane in EV &
project
in A1
Now getthe
theline
plane
in true shape and project line in A2
EH

BH

Now what?

DF

CA1

CF
BA1
DA1

A1

AA3

EA3
CA2

BA3

A3
A2

EA1

BA2
EV

EF

CA3
A1
A2

DH
BF

AF

CH

TL

TRUE
ANGLE

TL

H
F

AH

DA3

DA2

TS

EA2

AA1
AA2

Take an auxiliary such that line is in TL and plane in EV

31

Angle between two planes

If we can get the two planes in EV,

the angle would be available in the
auxiliary plane showing the two
planes in EV
Step 1: Draw a common line in TL
Step 2: Draw the PV of the common
line

The same auxiliary would give the angle

between two planes

32

Angle between Two Planes:

Special Case
3H

5H

2H
TL

6H

4H
1H

1F 2F

EV

EV

3F 4F

TL Available in one of
the principal
orthographic planes
and, No auxiliary
needed

True
Angle

5F 6F

If we can obtain the planes in their EVs, then

the angle
between the EVs will be true angle between the
33
planes.

Angle between Two Planes:

Special
Case
d
H

aH

bH
cH

cF

TL Available in one of
the principal
orthographic planes,
and Auxiliary needed.

dF

aF
TL

cA1
EV

bF

True
angle

aA1,bA1

dA1
EV

F A1
34

Case

AH

CH

BA1

AA2,BA2
TL

CA1

BF

CA2

AA1

A2

DF

DA1

A1

BH

CF

DA2

DH

A1

Given two oblique planes,

find true angle between
them.
Find the TL of a common
line (AB) between the
two planes.
Then, find PV of
H
common line, two
F
planes will be in EV.
True angle between the two
planes would be available
in A2.

TL not Available in one of the

principal orthographic
planes.

AF

35

YH

XH

H
V

XV

YV

Find Point of
Intersection: Cutting
Plane Method
Steps involved:
Imagine a plane in
Horizontal View in Edge
View that contains the
line PQ
Get it the projection of
PQ on ABC (point X and
Y)
Get the projection X and
Y to the Vertical Plane
(Frontal)
Find the point of
36
intersection

Line of
Intersection:
Cutting Plane
Method

H
V

CP
2

1
CP
37

MARCH 2015 CALENDAR

Sunday

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

HOLI

MID SEM
BREAK
15

MID
SEMESTER
BREAK
10
11
12
LECTURE 17

LECTURE 18

3.00-4.00PM
(L7)

2.00-3.00PM
(L7)

LAB
LINES)
10.00AM16 8 (PERSPECTIVE
17
18
19
1.00PM
LECTURE 19
LECTURE 20
3.00-4.00PM
(L7)

22

TECHKRITI
2014
29

2.00-3.00PM
(L7)

LAB
23 9 (LINES
24AND PLANES
25 1) 10.00AM26
1.00PM
LECTURE 21
LECTURE 22
3.00-4.00PM
(L7)

3.00-4.00PM
(L7)

LAB 11 (AUXILLIARY
PLANE)

14

20

21

TECHKRITI 2014
27

28

2.00-3.00PM
(L7)

LAB
10 (LINES
AND PLANES
2) 10.00AM30
31
1
2
1.00PM
LECTURE 23

13

Thank you!

39