LENGTH

3/8 - 5/8
5/8 -
11

ID
SQ
IM

Central Task
Psychosocial
Crisis
Infancy
Birth-18 Months

Trust
vs.
Mistrust

Receiving care

Positive
Outcome
Trust in people
and the
environment

GAUGE
25 29
25 29
20 22

Ego Quality

Definition

Hope

Enduring belief
that one can
attain ones
deep and
essential wishes

Developmental
Task
Social attachment;
Maturation of sensory,
perceptual, and motor
functions;
Primitive causality

Younger
Years

Autonomy
vs.
Shame & doubt

Imitation

Pride in self;

Will

Assertion of will
in the face of
danger

18 Months-3 Years

Determination to
exercise free
choice and selfcontrol

Locomotion;
Fantasy play;
Language
development;
Self-control

Early
Childhood

Initiative
vs.
Guilt

Identification

Able to initiate
activities and
enjoy learning

Purpose

3-6 Years

Courage to
imagine and
pursue valued
goals

Sex-role
identification;
Early moral
development;
Self-esteem;
Group play;
Egocentrism

Middle
Childhood

Industry
vs.

Education

Acquire skills for

and develop

Competence

Free exercise of
skill and

Friendship;

Inferiority

competence in
work;

6-12 Years

intelligence in
completion of
tasks

Enjoy
achievement

Early
Adolescence

Group Identity
vs.
Alienation

Peer group

A strong group
identity;

Self-evaluation;
Team play

Loyalty

Ready to plan
for the future

12-18 Years

Skill learning;

Ability to freely
pledge and
sustain loyalty
to others

Physical maturation;
Emotional
development;
Membership in peer
group;
Sexual relationships

Later
Adolescence

Individual Identity
vs.
Identity Confusion

Role
experimentation

Strong moral
identity;

Fidelity

Ready for
intimate
relationships

18-22 Years

Ability to freely
pledge and
sustain values
and ideologies

Autonomy from
parents;
Sex-role identity;
Internalized morality;
Career choice

Early
Adulthood

Intimacy
vs.
Isolation

Caregiving

22-34 Years

Middle
Adulthood

Generativity
vs.
Stagnation

Creativity

34-60 Years

Form close
relationships
and share with
others

Love

Nurturing
children or
helping the next
generation in
other ways

Care

Capacity for
mutuality that
transcends
childhood
dependency

Stable relationships;

Commitment to
and concern for
family and
community

Nurture close
relationships;

Child rearing;
Work etc

Management of career
and household;
Parenting

Later
Adulthood
60-75 Years

Integrity
vs.
Despair

Introspection

A sense of
fulfillment about
life;
A sense of unity
with self and
others

Wisdom

Detached yet
active concern
with life in the
face of death

Promote intellectual
vigor;
Redirect energy to
new roles and
activities;

Develop a point of
view about death

Old Age
75 Years-Death

Immortality
vs.
Extinction

Social Support

Life review;
Accept death
with a sense of
integrity and
without fear

Confidence

Conscious trust
in self and
assurance about
meaningfulness
of life

Cope with physical

changes of aging;
Develop a historical
perspective;
Storytelling