Chapter 10 Linear Programming

Add. Maths
Form 5

10.1 The Concept of Linear Inequalities

Shade the region on the graph in which every point satisfies several linear inequalities.
1.

x 60, y 2 x 10, 5 x 4 y 400

y
_

x y 10, 2 x 3 y 60, 2 x 3 y 150

2.

_
x=60

x-y=10

_
y-2x=10

_
100

50

20
2x+3y=150

1_0

5x+3y=400
_

0
_

3.

60
_

x
_

80
_

7 x 4 y 420, x 4 y 80, y 2 x

10

30 2x+3y=60

75

3 x y 36, x 2 y 18, y 2 x

4.

y=2x

y
_
3 x+y=36
_

105

y=2x
_

7x+4y=420

20
x+4y=80
60

x +2y=18
_

80
0
_

5.

2 x 3 y 3000, y x 200,4 x y 2000

y
2000
y-x=200

1000

2x+3y=3000
4x+y=2000
200
0

500

6.

_
12
x 2 y 70,3 x 2 y 120, x 3 y

_
18

x
_

Chapter 10 Linear Programming

Add. Maths
Form 5

y
3x+2y=120

x=3y
x+2y=70
0

7.

x 2 y ,5 x 3 y 4000,5 x 4 y 2000

y x 200,3 y 2 x, x y 500

8.

y-x=200

5x+3y=4000

500

75

40

x=2y

3y=2x

5x+4y=2000

x+y=500
200

9.

400

800

3 x 2 y 40,5 x 7 y 35,4 y 5 x

y x 10,10 x y,3 x 2 y 160

10.

20

10x=y

4y=5x
3x+2y=40

y-x=10

5
5x+7y=35
0

11. x y 15, x 3 y ,9 x 5 y 225

10

x
0

12. x y 40, y 2 x,3 x 2 y 180

3x+2y=160
x

Chapter 10 Linear Programming

Add. Maths
Form 5

y
y=2x

40

x+y=40

9x+5y=225

x+y=15

3x+2y=180

40

60

10.1 Region That Satisfies A Linear Inequalities

- For a straight line ax + by = c,

If b > 0 (positive)

If b < 0 (negative)

y
ax + by c

ax + by = c

ax + by c

Example 1: y x = 4

ax + by c

ax + by = c
ax + by c
x

Example 2: x y = 1

y
yx 4

yx =4

xy 1

2x y = 1
xy 1

yx 4
Example 3: 2y + 3x 1 = 0

Example
0 4:

6 3x = 2y

-1
0

2y + 3x 1 = 0

6 3x = 2y
3 3x 2y
2y + 3x 4 0

2
x
0
2y + 3x 1 0

0
6 3x 2y

Chapter 10 Linear Programming

Add. Maths
Form 5

10.2 Mathematical Statements and Linear Inequalities

No.

Mathematical Statement

Inequality

No.

Mathematical Statement

Inequality

1.

y is more than x

y>x

8.

The maximum value of x is k

y k

2.

y is less than x

y<x

9.

The minimum value of x is k

3.

y is not more than x

10.

Sum of x and y is not more than k

x+ y k

4.

y is not less than x

x
y x

x k

11.

y is more than x by at least k

y xk

5.

y is at least k times of x

y kx

12.

y is not more than k times of x

y kx

6.

y is at the most k times of x

y kx

13.

y must exceed x by at least k

7.

y exceed x by k or more

y xk

14.

the ratio of y to x is not more than p: q

y xk
y
p

x
q

10.2 Mathematical Statements and Linear Inequalities

1.

A furniture company launches two new models of sofa, P and Q. The cost of making one model P sofa and one model Q
sofa is RM 600 and RM 800 respectively. The production of the sofa is based on the following constraints:
I :
II :
III :

The total weekly production cost is limited to RM 48 000.

The total number of sofas that the company can produce in a week is at least 15.
The number of model P sofa produced in a week is not more than twice the number of model Q sofa.

The company produces x model P sofa and y model Q sofa in a week.

Write three inequalities, other than x 0 and y 0, which satisfy all the above constraints.

2.

A university wants to conduct a course for x medical undergraduates and y dentistry undergraduates. This course is
conducted based on the following constraints:
I :
II :
III :

The total number of undergraduates is at least 30.

The number of medical undergraduates is not more than three times the number of dentistry undergraduates.
The maximum allocation for the course is RM6 000 with RM100 for a medical undergraduate and RM80 for a
dentistry undergraduate.

Write three inequalities, other than x 0 and y 0, which satisfy all the above constraints.

3.

A tuition centre offers two different packages, S and A, for Form 4 students. The number of students for package S and A
are x and y respectively. The intake of the students is based on the following constraints:
I
:
II :
III :

The total number of students is not more than 90.

The number of students for package S is at most twice the number of students for package A.
The number of students for package A must exceed the number of students for package S by at most 10 students.

Write three inequalities, other than x 0 and y 0, which satisfy all the above constraints.

Chapter 10 Linear Programming

4.

Add. Maths
Form 5

A bakery shop produces x loaves of type L bread and y loaves of type M bread per day. The production of the breads
involves two processes, blending and baking. Table 4 shows the time needed to make these types of bread.
Time needed ( minutes )
Type of bread
Blending
Baking
L
30
40
M
30
30
Table 4
The production of the two types of bread is based on the following constraints:
I
: The maximum total time for blending both types of breads is not more than 540 minutes per day.
II :
The total time for baking both types of breads is at least 480 minutes per day.
III :
The ratio of the number of loaves of type L bread to the number of loaves of type M bread produced per day is
not less than 1 : 2.
Write three inequalities, other than x 0 and y 0, which satisfy all the above constraints.

5.

A factory produced x dolls of model A and y dolls of model B per month. The profit for a doll of model A is RM 15 and
the profit for a doll of model B is RM 12. The production of these two models per month is based on the following
constraints:I
:
II :
III :

The total number of dolls produced is not more than 500.

The number of dolls of model A produced is at most three times the number of dolls of model B.
The minimum total profit per month for the dolls of both models is RM4200.

Write three inequalities, other than x 0 and y 0, which satisfy all the above constraints.

6.

A prestigous college offers two courses, A and B. The enrolment of students is based on the following constraints :
I :
II :
III :

The capacity of the college is 170 students.

The minimum total number of students enrolled is 80.
The number of students enrolled for course B exceeds twice the number of students enrolled for course A by at
least 20 students.

Given that x students enrolled for course A and y students enrolled for course B.
Write three inequalities, other than x 0 and y 0, which satisfy all the above constraints.

7.

A factory produces two types of pens, Superfine and Supergrip, by using machine P and machine Q. Machine P requires
10 minutes to produce one Superfine pen and 6 minutes to produce one Supergrip pen. Machine Q requires 3 minutes to
produce one Superfine pen and 7 minutes to produce one Supergrip pen. In one day, the factory produces x Superfine
pens and y Supergrip pens based on the following constraints:
I :
II :
III :

The total time machine P is used is not more than 600 minutes.
The total time machine Q is used is at least 210 minutes.
The number of Supergrip pens produced is not more than twice the number of Superfine pens.

Write three inequalities, other than x 0 and y 0, which satisfy all the above constraints.

Chapter 10 Linear Programming

Add. Maths
Form 5

8.

A cooperative society buys two brands of bags, A and B, from a wholesaler at a price of RM12 and RM8 per bag
respectively. The number of brand A bags is at least one third the number of brand B bags. The cooperative society has a
capital of RM6 000 only. The cooperative society intends to sell brand A bag and brand B bag at a price of RM20 and
RM12 per bag and fixed the total profit to be not less than RM2 400.
It is given that the cooperative society sells x brand A beg and y brand B beg.
Write three inequalities, other than x 0 and y 0, which satisfy all the above constraints.

9.

Amirah allocated RM200 to buy x workbooks and y reference books. The total number of books bought is not less than
20. The number of workbooks bought is at most twice the number of reference books. The price of a workbook is RM10
and the price of a reference book is RM5.
Write three inequalities, other than x 0 and y 0, which satisfy all the above constraints.