F-2, Block, Amity Campus

Sec-125, Nodia (UP)

India 201303

ASSIGNMENTS
PROGRAM:
SEMESTER-I
Subject Name
:BUSINESS ORGANIZATION & MGT
Study COUNTRY
:
Permanent Enrollment Number (PEN) :
Roll Number
:
Student Name
:
INSTRUCTIONS
a) Students are required to submit all three assignment sets.
ASSIGNMENT
Assignment A
Assignment B
Assignment C

DETAILS
Five Subjective Questions
Three Subjective Questions + Case Study
45 Objective Questions

MARKS
10
10
10

b)
c)
d)
e)

Total weightage given to these assignments is 30%. OR 30 Marks

All assignments are to be completed as typed in word/PDF.
All questions are required to be attempted.
All the three assignments are to be completed by due dates (specified
from time to time) and need to be submitted for evaluation by Amity
University.
f) The evaluated assignment marks will be made available within six
weeks. Thereafter, these will be destroyed at the end of each semester.
g) The students have to attach a scan signature in the form.

Signature
:
______
_____________________
Date
:
_____17/01/2011____________________________
( ) Tick mark in front of the assignments submitted
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Assignment A

Assignment B

Assignment C

ASSIGNMENT A
1.Management is the process of getting
maximum results with minimum effort so as to
get maximum prosperity and happiness for
both employer and employee and give the
public the best possible service, according to
John Mee.
Some essential features of management are:
a. Purposeful. One of the most important
features of management is that it is
focused at achieving a specific goal
through its various roles such as
planning, organizing, directing, staffing
and controlling.
b.Decision making. Management is the
process of making decisions at various
levels in order to get things done by
others. This involves selecting the most

suitable alternative out of the several

that are available.
c. Efficiency. Management is an organized
activity, it emphasizes on the efficient
use of resources such as the work force,
money, time and other materials.
d.Getting things done. This entails that
manager should get people into doing
their assigned duties and this includes
motivating them as the manager would
not do any operational jobs him/her self.
2.Planning is the process of deciding the
objectives to be achieved and selecting the
suitable ways of accomplishing them.
The different types of plans are:
a. Objective. This is a goal or a target to be
achieved. An example is to pass all
subjects at first attempt.
b.Procedure. This is a method or way in
which a thing is to be done. An example
is Audit procedure.
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c. Schedule. This is a timetable or calendar

of activities to be performed. An
example is to finish the first in three
years.
d.Budget. This is a statement of
anticipated results and resources to be
used. An example is to harvest 150 (one
hundred and fifty) bags of maize.
e. Rule. This is a statement explaining
what should and/or should not be done
in a situation. All children must at home
by 6.00 pm.
3.The essential features of a joint stock company
are:
a. Legal formation. A joint stock company
cant just be started with mere
agreements between individuals. It is
only registered after satisfying all the
legal formalities that are set by
governments.
b. Separate legal entity. This means that a
Joint stock company has a distinct legal
personality separate from that of its
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investors. This entitles that Joint stock

Company to own property, enter into
contracts, and conduct legitimate
businesses in its own name. The
company can sue and be sued in a court
of law in its own name without
involving the owners and the properties
and liabilities of the company are not
those of the owners.
c. Common Seal. This is a mark or identity
which is used by the company when
entering into contracts. Any document
bearing the common seal and is dully
signed by any official of the company,
binds the company. It is called a
common Seal because it can be used
by any officer regardless of their level in
the company.
d.Artificial person. The same way human
beings are born, grow up and get into
different types of relationships and are
answerable for their actions before the
law, a Joint stock company experiences
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the same things. It is however called an

artificial person because its birth,
existence and death are regulated by
law.
e. Perpetual existence. A Joint stock
company continues to exist for as long
as it does not breach the requirements of
the law. It is not affected by the death,
retirement or anything that might
happen to any one or all its members
like it is the case with ordinary
partnerships where death of any one or
all of the partners brings about the end
of the partnership.
4.An organization is a network of horizontal and
vertical relationships among the members of a
group designed to accomplish some common
objectives. It is a formal pattern of
relationships that direct the activities of
people. This formal pattern of relationships is
two fold, horizontal and vertical. The
horizontal fold shows separation of jobs into
departments or divisions. The vertical fold
6

reflects the hierarchy of authority relationships

from top to bottom.
The difference between functional and product
departmentation are:
Functional departmentation is the most used
form of departmentation. It groups together
in one department similar or alike activities
under one chain of command. Its main
advantage is that it is a logical and natural
way of arranging activities and it makes a lot
of sense. It is also consistent with the idea of
specialization and division of work as
similar jobs are done by people with the
same type of training and this enhances
efficiency, while product departmentation
implies the establishment of each major
product or group of closely related products
as a relatively independent unit or
department within the organization. Its main
advantage is that it may be used as a guide
for grouping activities in service businesses
such as Banks. The major difference
between the two is that while function
7

departmentation groups together activities or

duties that are similar or alike, product
departmentation groups together related or
similar products or services in one
department.
5.(a) Delegation is the transfer of authority
from one individual to another and it is
mostly from individuals of higher authority to
individuals of lower authority,
while
decentralization is the dispersal of authority
from top to bottom
throughout
the
organization. The two are related in that
decentralization is a process of defusing
power in an organization and delegation is a
result of the process of decentralization.
Decentralization signifies a relationship
between a superior and a subordinate while
delegation is the relationship between a
manager and the various departments of an
organization.
(b) Human resources are the most significant
resource of an organization because it is
people who combine the various other
8

resources to produce goods or services. The

significance of staffing can be measured in the
areas of filling the various positions in an
organization in a cheap and convenient way.
Staffing also helps in development of
competencies within an organization as
members of staff are passed through the
various departments of the organization and
this leads to staff retention through
job
satisfaction and all this will lead to increased
productivity in the
organization.
ASSIGNMENT B
1.Maslows need hierarchy theory and
Herzebergs two factor theory both agree to
the fact that the behavior of an individual at a
particular time is determined by his need. Thy
differ on the fact that Maslow believes that the
needs of an individual are arranged in a
hierarchy or a pyramid, the lower the position
of the need the more important it is and the
stronger the influence it has on the behavior of
the individual, while Herzeberg believes that
the needs of an individual are divided into two
9

categories and these are maintenance or

Hygiene factors and motivational factors.
Maintenance factors are not fundamental parts
of a job but they relate to the conditions under
which a job is performed. Examples of
maintenance factors are company policy and
administration, supervision and interpersonal
relationship. They produce no growth in the
workers total output, they only prevent losses.
Motivational factors are those that relate to the
contents of the job, an increase in these factors
will satisfy the employees and any decrease
will not affect their level of satisfaction.
Examples of motivational factors include
achievements, recognition, advancement,
work itself and possibility of growth.
2.Macgregors theory X and Y are both based on
the basis that managements responsibility is
to assemble factors of production including
people for the economic benefit of the firm.
Macgregor avoided descriptive names and
decided to just call the theories X and Y.
Theory X
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This theory assumes that the average man,

dislikes work and attempts to avoid it, has no
ambition, wants no responsibility, and would
rather follow than lead, is self-centered and
therefore does not care about organizational
goals, resists change, is gullible and not
particularly intelligent. This theory is
centered on the fact that people work for
lower level or the basic needs in particular
food and security.
Macgregor suggested that there are two
approaches to theory X of motivation and
these are the Hard and Soft approaches.
Under Hard approach, management relies on
force, threats, close supervision, and tight
controls; it is basically an environment of
command and control. The soft approach
permissive and seeks harmony hoping that
after understanding the stand of management,
employees will also take the same line of
thought when demanded by management.
None of the two approaches is the best in
terms of maximizing productivity because the
hard approach results in hostilities, deliberate
11

low out put and stiff demands from trade

unions, while the soft approach will normally
results in unrealistically high demands from
employees against ever decreasing output.
The most favorable approach would be mid
way between the two approaches.
The major problem with theory X is that it
relies on lower level needs to motivate
employees and once these are satisfied then it
is difficult to motivate the employees further
as the basic needs are not continuing in
nature and this results in employees getting
motivation from higher level needs during
leisure.
Theory Y
This theory is based on satisfying the higher
level needs of esteem and self actualization.
These needs are continuing in nature and
hence can not be completely satisfied and it is
therefore through these higher level needs
that employees are best motivated. This
makes theory X a better theory of motivation
than theory X.
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Theory Y makes the following general

assumptions, work can be as natural as play
and rest, people will be self-directed to meet
their work objectives if they are committed to
them, people will be committed to their
objectives if rewards are in place that
addresses higher needs such as selffulfillment, under these conditions, people
will seek responsibility. Since people will
seek responsibility, there is an opportunity to
align personal goals with organizational goals
and that becomes a motivator on its own.
This theory does not entail a soft approach of
management as some people may not have
reached the maturity level assumed in the
theory and may still need closer supervision
and tighter controls that may be reduced as
the people reaches higher maturity levels.
This is a good method of management
because it is compatible with other good
management
principles
such
as
decentralization
and
delegation,
job
enlargement, participative management and
performance appraisals.

13

3.Managing diversity has become important in

organizations these days
because of the
changing
nature
of
the
workforce
composition in the recent years especially
in multinational organizations. Managing
diversity is specifically significant because
of the following reasons:
i. It reduces costs. Better management of
diversity will reduce costs as all members
of staff will be able to do all the jobs that
are required without leaving some for a
specified class or type of staff for
instance, a thing that might increase costs
through movement of such specified
staff.
ii. It improves staffing. Proper management
of diversity will help an organization to
attract the right people for available
positions regardless of their age, gender,
ethnic groups, and/or educational and for
such staff to be retained, good diversity
management principles are a must.

14

iii. It improves marketing. Marketing

involves getting involved with a diverse
range of customers with different cultural
back grounds and needs. If an
organization is not conversant with good
principles of managing diversity, it may
not satisfy all the customers.
iv. It promotes creativity. Since members of
staff are associating without any barriers,
a favorable environment for coming up
with new and best ways of doing their
jobs is created.
v. It facilitates problem solving. If diversity
amongst members of staff is properly
managed, then problem solving becomes
easy as there is a better understanding
amongst the different members of staff.
vi. It increases flexibility. If it manages
diversity well, an organization is supple,
as it will be able to assign any member of
staff to do any deserving job without

15

being stopped by the restrictions that

come with unmanaged diversity.
CASE STUDY
A. Decision making is the process of choosing
a course of action from among alternatives to
achieve a desired goal. The process of rational
decision making involves the following
interrelated phases:
i. Identify the problem. This is the process
of searching for the problem that requires
a solution or a decision occasion.
ii. Diagnose the problem. This is the process
of identifying the factors affecting the
problem such as the causes, how big it is
and for how long has it been there.
iii. Discover alternatives. This is the process
of identifying the available courses of
action that can lead to solving the
problem.

16

iv. Evaluate alternatives. This is the process

of analyzing and weighing the alternative
courses of action when tying to remedy
the situation.
v. Select the best alternative. This is the
choice of the course of action that best
addresses the problem on hand.
B. Rational decision is based on reasoning not
guess work the alternative that is selected as
the best is the one that has more advantages
than the others, the question of one being
completely rational does not arise. The
fundamental factor is the reason(s) that back
up the choice the alternative.
The other important step in rational decision
making is implementation and follow up.
During implementation you continue to weigh
the expected results against the desired ones
and if significant differences appear then
correctives measures are put in place that best
address the problem.

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ASSIGNMENT C
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
Q9
Q10

A
B
A
B
C
C
B
C
C
C

Q11
Q12
Q13
Q14
Q15
Q16
Q17
Q18
Q19
Q20

A
C
A
C
A
D
B
A
C
A

Q21
Q22
Q23
Q24
Q25
Q26
Q27
Q28
Q29
Q30

18

B
A
C
B
A
A
B
A
A
B

Q31
Q32
Q33
Q34
Q35
Q36
Q37
Q38
Q39
Q40

D
C
A
C
A
A
B
D
B
D