EJERCICIOS DE DISEO DE REACTORES

CICLO 2014-I
Ejercicio 1:
La reaccin en fase gaseosa A B + C est siendo llevada a cabo en un reactor
batch de 1000 dm3 a 500 K y 5.0 atm. El reactor es inicialmente cargado con una
mezcla de gases equimolar de A y de un inerte.
(a) Construya una tabla estequiometria mostrando las concentraciones molares al
final de de la reaccin.
(b) Determine el tiempo requerido para alcanzar 75% de conversin si la reaccin
es elemental y la constante de velocidad es 0.0231 hr -1.
(c) Encontrar la concentracin de B y la fraccin molar de inertes para 75% de
conversin.
Solucin:
Especie
A
B
C
I
Total

Inicial
NAo
INAo
2NAo

Cambio
-XNAo
X(b/a)NAo
X(c/a)NAo

Final
NAo(1-X)
NAoX
NAoX
NAo
NT=NAo(2+X)

b) V=1000dm3
T= 500 K
P= 5 atm
X= 0.75
K= 0.0231 hr-1
Reaccin de 1er orden:

rA= dCA/dt
rA= -kCA

dC A
=k C A
dt

(Reactor Batch)

Conc(Ni/V)
CA=CAo(1-X)
CB=CAoX
CC=CAoX
CI=CAo

dt=

1 dC A
k CA
CA

1 dC
dt= k C A
A
0
C
Ao

t=

C
1
ln ( A )
k
C Ao

C
1
1
1
1
1
t= ln Ao = ln
=
ln
=60 hr
k
CA
k
1 X 0.0231
10.75

( ) ( )

c)

C B=C Ao X=X ( y A )

yI =

P
5 atm
3
=( 0.75 )( 0.5 )
=0.046 mol /dm
RT
0.0821500 K

NI
N Ao
1
=
=
=0.36
N T N Ao ( 2+ X ) (2+ 0.75)

Ejercicio 2:
Calcular la masa de catalizador necesaria para convertir 90% de una alimentacin
de 150 dm3/min de cantidades equimolares de reactante e inerte para la reaccin
en fase gaseosa 2AB llevada a cabo en un PBR a 3 atm y 50C
(k=0.1 dm6mol-1kg-1s-1).
Solucin:
Balance molar:

dX r A
=
dW F Ao

r A=k C A

Orden de la reaccin:

F A =F Ao ( 1 X )
v =v o ( 1+X )

CA=

FA
1X
=C
v
Ao 1+X

C Ao = y Ao

P
3 atm
=0.5
=0.057 mol/ L
RT
0.082 ( 273+50 )

= y A =( 0.5 )

F Ao

( 12 1)=0.25
X

dW = k C2 (
0

W=

Ao 0

1+ X 2
dX
1 X

vo
(1+X )2 X
2 ( 1+ ) ln ( 1 X )+ 2 X +
k C Ao
1 X

dm3 1min
min 60 s
( 0.75)2 0.9
2
(
)
(
)
(
)
W=
2(0.25) 0.75 ln 10.9 + 0.25 ( 0.9)+
10.9
dm 6
mol
0.1
0.11 3
molkgs
dm
150

W =2640 Kg de catalizador

Ejercicio propuesto:
The gas-phase reaction A + 2B 2D is to be carried out in an isothermal plug flow reactor
at 5.0 atm. The mole fractions of the feed stream are A = 0.20, B = 0.50, and inerts = 0.30.
(a) What is the steady-state volumetric flow rate at any point in the reactor? (ignore
pressure drop)
(b) What are the stoichiometric expressions for the concentrations of A, B, and D as a
function of conversion at any point along the reactor?

In
A

FAo

FBo = B FAo = (5/2) FAo

FDo =D FAo = 0

FIo =I FAo = (3/2) FAo

Total

Out

-X FAo
-2 X FAo
+2 X FAo
0

5 FAo

CA = FA/v

FAo (1-X)

CAo (1-X)/(1-0.2X)

FAo (2.5-2X)

CAo (2.5-2X)/(1-0.2X)

FAo (2X)

CAo (2X)/(1-0.2X)

FAo (1.5)

CAo (1.5)/(1-0.2X)

(5-X) FAo

CAo (5-X)/(1-0.2X)

(c) What is the feed concentration (mol/ dm ) of A if the feed temperature is 55C?
(d) Determine how large the plug-flow reactor must be to achieve a conversion (based on
A) of 0.70 if the temperature in the reactor is uniform (55C), volumetric feed rate is 50
dm3/min, and the rate law at 55C is = 1/2 , where k is 2.5 L0.5 / mol0.5 /min
(e) Plot concentrations, volumetric flow rate, and conversion as a function of reactor length
(L = 7.6 cm).
(f) How large would a CSTR have to be to take the effluent from the PFR in part (d) and
achieve a conversion of 0.85 if the temperature of the CSTR is 55C?

(g) How many 1-inch diameter tubes, 20 ft in length, packed with a catalyst, are necessary
to achieve 95% conversion of A using the original feed stream? Plot the pressure and
conversion as a function of reactor length. The particles are 0.5 mm in diameter and the
bed porosity is 45%.
(h) Assuming the reaction is reversible, calculate the PFR volume required to achieve 70%
of the equilibrium conversion, and the CSTR size necessary to raise the conversion of the
PFR effluent to 85% of the equilibrium conversion if temperatures is constant at 100C.
The activation energy for the reaction is 30 kJ/mol, and the reaction equilibrium constant at
100C is 10 (m 3 / kmol) 1/2.