Pedagogy

Pedagogy (etymology and pronunciation) is the discipline that deals with the theory and practice of education;
it thus concerns the study and practice of how best to
teach. Its aims range from the general (full development
of the human being via liberal education) to the narrower
specics of vocational education (the imparting and acquisition of specic skills).
For example, Paulo Freire referred to his method of
teaching people as "critical pedagogy". In correlation
with those instructive strategies, the instructors own
philosophical beliefs of instruction are harbored and governed by the pupils background knowledge and experience, situation, and environment, as well as learning goals
set by the student and teacher. One example would be the
Socratic schools of thought.[1][2][3] The teaching of adults,
however, may be referred to as andragogy.

Etymology and pronunciation

Douris Man with wax tablet

The word comes from the Greek (paidaggia), from (paidaggos), in which
(pas, genitive , paidos) means child and
(g) means lead"; thus literally to lead the child.[4]
It is variously pronounced /pddi/, /pdodi/,
and /pdi/.[5][6] Negative connotations (in which the
word is sometimes associated with pedantry) have existed
at least from the time of Samuel Pepys (1650s).[7]

education (such as kindergartens and nurseries) in Scandinavia. But a pedagogue can occupy various kinds of
jobs, e.g. in retirement homes, prisons, orphanages, and
human resource management. These are often recognised as social pedagogues as they perform on behalf of
society.

The pedagogues job is usually distinguished from a

teacher's by primarily focusing on teaching children lifepreparing knowledge such as social skills and cultural
norms, etc. There is also a very big focus on care and
2 Academic degrees
well-being of the child. Many pedagogical institutions
also practice social inclusion. The pedagogues work also
An academic degree, Ped. D., Doctor of Pedagogy,
consists of supporting the child in their mental and social
is awarded honorarily by some US universities to disdevelopment.[8]
tinguished teachers (in the US and UK, earned degrees
within the instructive eld are classied as an Ed. D., In Denmark all pedagogues are trained at a series of naDoctor of Education or a Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy). tional institutes for social educators located in all major
The term is also used to denote an emphasis in education cities. The programme is a 3.5-year academic course,
as a specialty in a eld (for instance, a Doctor of Music giving the student the title of a Bachelor in Social Education (Danish: Professionsbachelor som pdagog).[9]
degree in piano pedagogy).
It is also possible to earn a masters degree in pedagogy/educational science from the University of Copenhagen. This BA and MA program has a more theoretical
3 Pedagogues
focus compared to the above-mentioned Bachelor in SoThe word pedagogue actually relates to the slave who es- cial Education.
corts Roman children to school. In Denmark, a peda- In Hungary, the word pedagogue (pedaggus) is synonygogue is a practitioner of pedagogy. The term is primar- mous with teacher (tanr); therefore, teachers of both
ily used for individuals who occupy jobs in pre-school primary and secondary schools may be referred to as
1

5 FURTHER READING

pedagogues, a word that appears also in the name of

their lobbyist organizations and labor unions (e.g. Labor
Union of Pedagogues, Democratic Labor Union of
Pedagogues[10] ). However, undergraduate education in
Pedagogy does not qualify students to become teachers
in primary or secondary schools but makes them able
to apply to be educational assistants. As of 2013,
the 5-year training period was re-installed in place of
the undergraduate and postgraduate division which
characterized the previous practice.[11]

References

[1] Analysis of Pedagogy. Educ.utas.edu.au. Retrieved

2010-09-20.
[2] Petrie et al. (2009). Pedagogy a holistic, personal approach to work with children and young people, across
services. p. 4.
[3] Aarhus University Department of Education (DPU) - Research
[4] pedagogy. Online Etymology Dictionary.
[5] http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/
pedagogy
[6] pedagogy noun - denition in British English Dictionary
& Thesaurus - Cambridge Dictionary Online. Dictionary.cambridge.org. 2012-10-10. Retrieved 2012-10-29.

Bruner, J.S. (1986). A Study of Thinking. New

Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Press.
Bruner, J. S., Goodnow, J. J., Austin, G. A. (1986).
A study of thinking. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Press.
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New
York: Continuum
Montessori, M. (1909). Il Metodo della Pedagogia
Scientica applicato All'educazione Infantile Nelle
Case dei Bambini.
Montessori, M. (1910). Antropologia Pedagogica.
Montessori, M. (1921). Manuale di Pedagogia Scientica.
Montessori, M. (1934). Psico Geomtria.
Montessori, M. (1934). Psico Aritmtica.
Piaget, J. (1926). The Language and Thought of the
Child. London: Routledge & Kegan.
Piaget, J. (1975/1936).
La Naissance de
L'intelligence Chez L'enfant. ["Emergence of
Intelligence in the Child"]. Neuchatel: Delachaux
et Niesl. Cited in Tomic, W. & Kingma, J (1996).
Three Theories of Cognitive Representation and
Their Evaluation Standards of Training Eect.
Heerlson, The Netherlands: The Open University.

[9] Educational Guide Denmark Pdagog UddannelsesGuiden.dk.

Piaget, J (1975/1936).
La Naissance de
L'intelligence Chez L'enfant. ["Emergence of
Intelligence in the Child"] in Three Theories of
Cognitive Representation and Their Evaluation Standards of Training Eect. Neuchatel: Delachaux et
Niesl/Heerlson, The Netherlands: Heerlson.

[10] Front Page. The Ocial Site of The Labor Union of

Pedagogues. Labor Union of Pedagogues. Retrieved 27
May 2013.

Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz (1848)

Pedagogics as a System. Translated 1872 by
Anna C. Brackett, R.P. Studley Company

[11] Ezekre a tanri szakokra jelentkeztek a legtbben [English: These Teaching Areas Proved The Most Popular]".
Eduline. 2013-04-19. Retrieved 27 May 2013.

Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz (1899). The philosophy of education. D. Appleton and Co.

[7] pedagogue. Online Etymology Dictionary.

[8] Taipei Times Learning from Denmark

Further reading

Main article: List of important publications in pedagogy

Bruner, J. S. (1960). The Process of Education,

Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bruner, J. S. (1966). Toward a Theory of Instruction. Cambridge, MA: Belkapp Press.
Bruner, J. S. (1971). The Relevance of Education.
New York, NY: Norton

Vygotsky, D. (1962). Thought and Language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Wood, D. (1976). The role of tutoring in problem
solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 17: 89100.

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