Dan Tomln

Ch 7 Reading Guide
1.

salt water: 97.5%

Fresh water: 2.5%
Polar ice caps: 2/3 of 2.5%
Accessable fresh water: .77%

2.

Evaporation: Heat makes water into clouds

Condensation: Clouds form
Puifies water natureally
Precipitation: Rain and snow

3. Evaporation and condensation creates the purest water.

4.
Changes in the earths surface like deforestation disallows
groundwater to recharge and can cause flooding.
Floods are more frequent and severe because of deforestation
and cultivation increasing the rate of erosion.
Greenhouse gases have caused climate change, increasing
temperature, increasing evaporation and water temperature, creating
stronger storms and more unpredictable weather patterns.
Atmospheric pollution has created more aerosol particles to
condensate on. More clouds is the result.
5. Storm water is treated to drink from reservoirs and is filtered into
mixing tanks and settling basins and distributed, while sewage water is
treated with many different filters, settling basins,, bacteria, and
chemicals to make it safe to discharge back into the river.
6. Domestic use, irrigation, electric power production
7. Large dams create a renewable source of power so other dirty
sources are not used, floods are controlled so that lives are saved, and
mills are able to run off them. Cons are that fish and other aquatic life
downstream die, other freshwater habitats like waterfalls and rapids
are lost, and wetlands downstream are less wet so there is less
biodiversity.
8. Using groundwater too much and welling it too much takes water
out of the aquifers and when the recharge is slo, there is not enough
water after awhile.
9. Domestic water usage can be made more efficient by using
different, more efficient shower and sink heads, more efficient toilets
that flush less with urine, and more efficient washers that use less
water in each wash.
1. Fresh waterwater with a salt content of less than .1%

2. Water cyclewater evaporates, condenses, precipitates, and

evaporates
3. Hydrologic cyclewater cycle
4. EvaporationWater vaporizing from heat energy and dissipating
in the air.
5. Transpirationwater evaporating out of leaf pores
6. CondensationClouds forming
7. PrecipitationRain, snow, sleet. Water falling from the sky.
8. Water VaporResult of evaporation
9. HumidityThe amount of water in the air.
10.
Relative HumidityThe amount of water vapor as a
percentage of what the air can hold at a particular temperature.
11.
PurificationWater purifying as it evaporates.
12.
Convection currentsHadley Cell. Dry air going down at 30
degrees latitudes and wet air rising and releasing precipitation at
the equator.
13.
Rain ShadowDry region downwind of a mountain range.
14.
Infiltrationwater soaking into the ground
15.
Surface watersAll water on the surface
16.
PercolationBlue water flow
17.
GroundwaterWater deep underground below the water
table
18.
Water tableUpper surface of the water table.
19.
WatershedAll land area that contributes water to a
particular stream or river.
20.
AquifersLayers of porous material through which
groundwater moves.
21.
Recharge areasArea where water enters an aquifer
22.
Consumptive usesapplied water does not return to the
water source while nonconsumptive does, but contaminated.
23.
EstuariesA bay or river system open to the ocean at one
end and receiving fresh water at the other. Fresh and salt water
mix, making brackish water.
24.
Land subsidenceThe gradual sinking of land under an
aquifer that is being drained.
25.
Saltwater intrusionSeawater moving back into aquifers.
Freshwater is diverted for use.
26.
DesalinationPurifies seawater into high-quality drinking
water using distillation or microfiltration.
27.
Drip irrigationIrrigation that drips water into soil at base
of each plant.
28.
XeriscapingLandscaping with drought-resistant plants
that dont need watering.
29.
Gray waterWatewater from sinks and tubs that dont
have waste. Reused without purification in some cases.