Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sizes
18.0 x 3.8
Cuft.
15.3
4 4 nos
The trees were grown in marginal laetrile soil with an annual rainfall of
40. No special fertilizer or irrigation was carried out. Kadbevu
branches at 20 to 30 from ground. The bole is straight, round, without
any knots and without any butteress the average growth of girth after 8
years will workout to more than 5 to 6 per annum. It is expected to
produce 12 to 15 Cuft. of timber in 10 years time. The average can be
taken as 13.5 Cuft.
At present one cubic foot of Kadbevu fetches about Rs.160/- to Rs.200/per Cuft. At this rate tree value will work out to Rs.2,430/-. The logs will
fetch better price as availability increases and minimum annual increase
in price may workout to 7%.
Rs.
240.00
210.00
210.00
180.00
180.00
140.00
1st Year
4
14
2
8
6
2
1
37
2nd Year
Nil
Nil
Nil
8
6
1
1
16
3rd Year
Nil
Nil
Nil
6
8
1
1
16
=
=
=
Total
Rs.
3880.00
273.00
550.00
4703.00
Profitability
109 Trees at 13.5 Cuft. Per tree total timber 1471.50 Cuft.
@ Rs.180/- per Cuft.
Total Expenditure
Net Profit:
Rs.264870.00
4,703.00
-----------------260168.00
==========
Cost of land not included . Present cost of Dry land can be considered
at Rs.30,000/- per acre.
The timber was found to be ideal for plywood manufacture.
The details of quality & technical specification are as follows;
1. The logs had very high moisture contents and were green
2. All logs were round and good for peeling. Roundness seems to be
inherent quality of this tree.
3. Logs peel easily.
4. Outturn is excellent 70% & better in fresh cut logs
5. Veneer strong and firm
6. On drying waviness and cracks in veneers were noticeable but all
veneers were usable as cores.
7. Two small logs were peeled for faces. Quality obtained was
acceptable.
LOCAL NAMES
Assamese Dingkurlong; Bengali Ghora-nim, mahanim; Gujarati Kadu-kajar, ambaro,
limbaro, nibara; Hindi Ghora-nim, mahanim; Kannada Heb-bevu, karibevan, bevu, bettabevu; Kadbevu; Malayalam Malei-vembu, kattu-veppu, malayembu; Marathi Kuriaput; Oriya
Maha-limbu, batra; Tamil Malai-vembu; Telugu Munnatikaraka, munnuthi-karaka; Urdu
Labshi, kala-khajur.
MORPHOLOGY
Young branches densely clothed with stellate pubescence, ultimately smooth. Bark reddishbrown or dark brown, exfoliating in thin, narrow strips. Blaze thin, crimson, then white. Leaves
clustered towards the ends of the branches, bi-, sometimes tri-pinnate, 20-75 cm long; pinnae up
to 20 cm long, 3 foliate or with up to 3-6 pairs of leaflets; ultimate leaflets opposite, 2-7.5 cm x
0.6-3.8 cm (the terminal the largest), [mostly ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, crenate or
crenulate; base acute or rounded, more or less oblique; petiolules 0.3-0.6 cm long. Flowers
greenish-white, 0.6-1.0 cm long, fragrant, in stellately-pubescent, many-flowered, branched
panicles shorter than the leaves. Calyx 5-partite. Petals 0.6 cm long, linear-spathulate. Drupes
ovoid or ellips id 2-4 cm x 1.8-2.3 cm, yellowish, smooth, with very hard endocarp and one seed.
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION
It is a tree of the easten Himalayas, ascending upto 1800m in North Bengal and in the Khasi
and Cachar hill tracts. It is also found in the Peninsula from the Ganjam hills southwards to
Tirunelveli in the east and from the Konkan southwards in the west. It is usually seen in
deciduous hill forests in the Northern Circars, Nallamalai hills and Western Ghats from South
Kanara southwards. (Fig.XXI-17). It also occurs in Sikkim and Bhutan.
SITE FACTORS
Climate
In its natural habitat, the absolute maximum shade temperature varies from 37.50 47. 50C and
the absolute minimum from 00 150 Cand the absolute minimum from 00 150 C. The mean daily
maximum temperature in May, which is generally the hottest summer month varies from 300 42.
50C; the mean daily minimum temperature in January, which is the coldest month of the year,
varies from 70 210C.
It does well in moist regions, with a mean annual rainfall exceeding 1000 mm. The mean
relative humidity in July varies from 70-90% and in January from 50-80%..
TOPOGRAPHY
It is commonly found in the hills at elevations ranging from 600-1800 m.
Very moist teak forest (3B/Cla), in association with teak, terminalia crenulata, Grewia
tiliaifolia, Lagerstrocmia lanceolata, Dalbergia latifolia etc.
Northern secondary moist mixed deciduous forest (3C/2S1), in association with
Mangifera indica, Anthocephalus cadamba, Alstonia scholaris, Dillenia pentagyno,
etc.
Northern dry mixed deciduous forest (5B/C2), in association with Adina cordifolia,
Largestroemia parviflora, Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia spp., Clerstanthus collinus,
etc.
PHENOLOGY
The tree is leafless for a short time from December-February. The new leaves appear in
February March along with the flowers. The fruits ripen during the cold season from OctoberFebruary.
amount of natural reproduction. In Karnataka, soaking the seeds in cold water for a week has
been found very effective in accelerating and improving germination. In one experiment, 50%
Immediately after the burn, the seeds are covered with a 7.5-10 cm layer of earth and
watered copiously.
Of the 3 methods, viz., direct sowing, entire planting and stump planting, entire planting is
significantly the best method of raising the species. Both nursery-raised and natural seedlings
that are 20-30 cm in height are suitable for planting out at the commencement of the south-west
or north-east monsoon rains.
Afforestation *
It has been successfully used along with other species for afforestation work in the arid tract of
Ahmednagar forest division in Maharashtra. It was found to give almost 100% success once it
got established, and attained a height of 1.8 m in 3 years. Direct sowings were done in the earlier
years but, after 1960, these were followed by planting of nursery-raised seedling or polythene bag
seedling. Sowing and planting were done in contour trenches on steeper slopes, on raised
earthen bunds on gentler slopes and in pits of 0.3m cube at an espacement of 3.6 m x 3.6m in
other areas.
* Remarks:
(1) Suggested Pit Size is 2 x 2- 0.6m Cube
(2) Espacement of 5.0m x 5.0m is recommended this will give better girth in shorter
duration.
GROWTH STATISTICS **
The growth is rapid. GAMBLEs specimens gave 8-12 rings/dm of radius (mean annual girth
increment 5.3-8 cm) for a Tamil Nadu specimen, and 28 rings/dm (mean annual girth increment
2.3 cm) for a specimen from Bengal. North Kanara
specimens showed 12-16 rings/dm of radius (TALBOT, 1909), giving a mean annual girth
increment of 4-5.3 cm. Trees grown in the Calcutta Botanical Gardens
from seeds of Malabar origin are said to have reached in 7 years an average height of 14m and a
girth of 112 cm at breast height; this rate of growth is equivalent to 4 rings/dm of radius. Even in
comparatively dry regions with a rainfall of 750-1000 mm, a height growth of 3-4.5 m is obtained
in plantations, against 6-7.5 m in more favourable locations.
** Remarks:
Growth statistics will vary from locality to locality. In plantation areas with better spacing
and more favourable conditions it is noticed that growth rate is better.
UTILISATION
Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Wood
The sapwood is greyish-white, usually with a yellowish cast; the heartwood is light pink to light
red when first exposed, ageing to pale russet-brown, subject to grey stain. It is lustrous and
without characteristic odour or taste. It is very light (sp.gr., approximately 0.34, weight at 12%
moisture content about 336 kg/m3), straight-grained, coarse and somewhat uneven-textured.
Annual growth ings are distinct but not conspicuous and number 12-16/dm of radius.
DATE OF PLANTING
15.07.1995
ENUMARATION DATE:
SPECIES:
28.10.2009
MELIA DUBIA (KAD BEVU)
Log
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Length
Length
Girth
Girth
Volume
Volume
in Feet
In Mtrs.
In Ft.
In Cms
Cuft.
CBM
28'
8.55
3' 9"
1.14
24.6
0.694
30'
9.85
3' 0"
0.91
16.9
0.510
28'
9.20
3' 5"
1.04
20.4
0.622
20'
6.55
2' 9"
0.84
9.4
0.289
27'
8.85
3' 4"
1.02
18.7
0.575
26'
8.55
2' 11"
0.89
13.8
0.423
30'
9.85
3' 8"
1.12
25.8
0.772
24'
7.85
2' 10"
0.86
12.0
0.363
20'
6.55
2' 6"
0.76
7.8
0.236
149.4
4.484
Deduction for
Cuft.
CBM
9 LOGS
149.4
4.484
Less 10%
14.8
0.498
134.6
3.986
(APP: 15 Cuft per Tree)
{For 14 Years}
Statistics from Melia Dubia Tree grown in year 1995 in Hunsur Plywood Works Pvt.Lt,d
Hunsur-571 105, Mysore Dist.
Age of the Plantation
14 years
108 Trees
97 Trees
20 x 20 (6 Mtrs. X 6 Mtrs)
3.2
(96 Cms)
26
(7.84 Mtrs)
Rs.3750/-
Rs.3,63,750/-
4% per annum