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6.FuelPumpMachineDrawing

Machine Drawing

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Assembly Drawing 6
Fuel Pump

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Thissectioncontainsinformationonfuelpumps
Afterreadingthesectionyouwillbeableto
understandtheoperationofavalvetypeplungerfuelpump
makeitsassemblydrawing

Fuel Pump
Question

Drawthefollowingviewsofafuelpumpin1:1scale.
1. Sectioninfullelevation
2. Endview
3. Plan
Alsoincludethebillofmaterial.
ThedetailsofafuelpumpareshowninFig.B6.1.

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6.FuelPumpMachineDrawing

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Fig.B6.1Detailsoffuelpump

Introduction
Indieselengines,aplungerpumpcalledfuelpumpdrivenbythemain
crankshaftoftheengineisusedtoraisethepressureofthedieselin
enginecylinderabovethecompressionpressureinordertoenableits
injectionthroughtheinjectorinvaryingquantitiestosuitthechanging
loadsontheengine.
Thefuelsystemofadieselengineincludesnozzles,highpressurefuel
pumps,standbyandservicepumps,storagetanks,pipings,fittings,
filtersandseparators,heaters,fuelfeedpumps,controlandmeasuring
instruments,andsoon.Thereliableandeconomicaloperationofan
enginedependsupontherationaldesignofitsfuelsystemandthegood
orderthereof.Fuelpumpsinairlessinjectionenginesareoftheplunger
type.Thedeliverystrokeoftheplungerismadeundertheactionofalobe
ofacamsecuredonthecamshaftandthesuctionstrokeundertheaction
ofaspring.Theamountoffueldeliveredbythepumpisregulated
dependingupontheloadontheenginebymeansofahanddrivefrom
thecontrolstationorbymeansofacentrifugalgovernor.

Operation of a Valve Type Plunger Fuel-Pump

Thefuelissuppliedtotheplungerthroughsuctionvalveanditisdirected
toanozzlethroughdeliveryvalve,whichisusuallyclosedbyspring.
Supplyiscontrolledbyactuatingthebypassvalvebymeansofahand
driveorcentrifugalgovernor.Thedurationofsupplyoffuelandits
amountdependsonthemomentwhenthebypassvalveopens.
Hingedtotheplungerisahorizontallever,therighthandendofwhich
canbemovedbytheeccentric.Duringthedeliverystrokeoftheplunger,
thelefthandendoftheleverrisesandthefuelentersthenozzleuntilthe
strikerissecuredonthehorizontallever,whichtakesuptheclearance
andliftstherodofthebypassvalves.Asaconsequence,thepressurewill
rapidlydropinthepump,thedeliveryvalvewillclose,andthefuelwill
enterthesuctionspacethroughthebypassvalveandalongtheduct,as
showninFig.B6.2byadottedline.Ifbymeansofalever6,whichis
operatedbyahanddrive,isplacedclosetothegovernor,eccentriccomes
inapositionatwhichthecentreoftheoscillationofthehorizontallever
armgoesdownandtheclearancebetweenthestrikerandtherodofthe

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6.FuelPumpMachineDrawing

bypassvalvewillincrease.Whentheeccentricraisestherighthandend
ofthehorizontalleverarm,theclearancewilldecrease,thebypassvalve
willopenearlier,andtheamountoffueldeliveredwillreduce.Toadjust
eachpumpofamulticylinderengineseparately,(toobtainauniform
supplyoffueltoallcylinders)thestrikerisscrewedinoroutandis
securedinplacewithanut.Thiswillchangetheclearanceand
movementatwhichbypassvalveopen.

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Fig.B6.2Fuelpumpusedinmarinedieselengines

Thepumpplungerisrelievedofthesideforcesgeneratedbythecam,
whichisusedtoactuatethepumpwiththeengineoperating,aheadand
astern.
Theamountoffueldelivereddependsonthepositionofthehelicalgrove
oftheplunger.Theplungermovementiscontrolledbyrotaryand
reciprocatingmotionatthesametime.Thisconformsquitewelltothe
operatingconditionsofenginesrunningataconstantspeed(engines
thatdrivegenerators).Inthiscasethechangeinspeedchangesthe
advanceofadmissionintime.Forexample,whenthespeedisreduced,
advanceoffueladmissionintime(withtheadvanceunchangedwhen
measuredincrankangle)increases,asaresultthepressureinthe
cylinderduringadmissionrisesexcessively.
Toensureaconstantandtimelyfuelsupplywhenanenginerunsata
variablespeed,itisagoodpracticetousefuelpumpswithcontrolfuel
injectionadvance.Suchpumpsareextremelywidespreadinmain
marinedieselengines.FigureB6.2referstoafuelpumpinwhichthe
quantityoffuelisregulatedbychangingthemomentatwhichthe
injectionbegins.Here,theplungerisactuatedbyacam.Thepumpis
providedwithsuctionvalve1,deliveryvalve2,andbypassvalve3.When
theplungerrises,therighthandendofthelevermovestogetherwiththe
rodandthebypassvalveremainsopenuntiltheclearanceappears
betweentherodandtheguideofvalve3.Thespringwillthenclosethe
bypassvalveandfuelwillbesuppliedtothenozzlethroughthedelivery
valve.Theclearancebetweentherodandbypassvalveguideischanged
bymeansofaneccentric6.Thischangesthemomentwhentheinjection
beginsandtheamountoffuelthatissupplied.
Slidevalvefuelpumpshavebeenintroducedtoagreatextentinmarine
dieselengines.Inthispumptheamountoffuelinjectedischangedby
changingthemomentwhenbypassingoffuelbeginsbutthebypassvalve
isabsent.Onturningofftheplunger,whichisprovidedwithacurvilinear
slot,thefuelsupplyiscutoff.
Fuelpumpsforlargerenginesincorporatevariableinjectiontimingfor
optimisingfueleconomyatpartload.Thestartoffuelinjectionis
controlledbyalteringthepumpbarrelpositionbymeansofatoothed
rackandaservounit.Individualadjustmentscanbemadeoneach
cylinderandcollectiveadjustmentsincaseofmaximumpressurelevelof
theengine,canbecarriedouttocompensateforvaryingfuelqualities,
wear,andsoon.Bothadjustmentscanbecarriedoutwhiletheengineis
running.
Thefueloilpumpisalsofurnishedwithapuncturevalve,whichprevents
fuelinjectionduringnormalstoppingandshutdown.

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6.FuelPumpMachineDrawing

ThisvariabletimingfuelpumpinassembledconditionisshowninFig.
B6.3.

Fig.B6.3Fuelpump

Steps for Assembly Drawing

Firstcalculatetheoveralldimensionsfordecidingthespacerequiredto
accommodateallthethreeviewselevation,plan,andendview.Start
drawingwiththeelevation.Drawtheverticalaxislinegiveninthe
question.Trytoidentifytheelevationofeachandeverycomponent
giveninthequestionalongtheverticalaxis.Startwiththemainbodyof
thepumpinquestiongiven.Exceptthedeliveryvalve,almostallthe
componentsareassembledinsidethevalvebody.Forthis,refertothe
functionaldimensionofanindividualcomponentandtryforthe
assemblywithreferencetomaleandfemaledimensionsofthemeeting
components.Oncetheelevationiscompleted,projecttheendelevation
andplanviewfromthesame.Fig.B6.4showsallpartsassembledin
orthographicprojectionforreadyreference.

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6.FuelPumpMachineDrawing

Fig.B6.4Assemblyoffuelpump

Answer

TheenlargedviewsofFig.B6.4areshownasunder:

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6.FuelPumpMachineDrawing

Bill of Material

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