Mahatma Gandhi

(1869-1948)

Gandhi was once asked what he thought about Western Civilization. His
response was: "I think it would be a good idea.”

"The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the
way its animals are treated”.

“You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean; if a few

drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty.”

“The only devils in this world are those running around inside our own
hearts, and that is where all our battles should be fought.”

“If all Christians acted like Christ, the whole world would be Christian.”

“Woman, I hold, is the personification of self-sacrifice, but unfortunately

today she does not realize what tremendous advantage she has over
man.”

“Indians, will stagger humanity without shedding a drop of blood.”

“An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.”

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“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not every man’s greed”
- Mahatma Gandhi

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 – 5,000 year old ancient civilization
– 325 languages spoken – 1,652
dialects
– 18 official languages
– 29 states, 5 union territories
– 3.28 million sq. kilometers – Area
– 7,516 kilometers - Coastline
– 1.3 Billion Population.
– 5600 dailies, 15000 weeklies and
20000 periodicals in 21 languages
with a combined circulation of 142
million.
– GDP $576 Billion. (GDP rate 8%)
– Parliamentary form of Government
– World’s largest democracy.
– World’s 4th largest economy.
– World-class recognition in IT, bio-
technology and space.
– Largest English speaking nation in
the world.
– 3rd largest standing army force,
over 1.5Million strong.
– 2nd largest pool of scientists and
engineers in the World

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 Glimpse of India economy
✔ India’s early economic were difficult has as economic policy
was shape by negative British colonial experience
✔ India’s leaders took a socialist approach past independents –
✔ The early year NEHRU – India’s first Prime minister begins
India socialism experiment.
✔ In 1951 Nehru 5 year plan increased business and income
taxes to enact a number of mixed social project for the good
of India (The plan and fix result and for most of Nehru term

India faced food shortage while his industrial policy

encouraged growth , state planning impaired, productivity
,quality ,state planning impaired productivity ,quality and
profitability.

Indira Gandhi
✔ Indira Gandhi continues Nehru’s protectism and central
planning – thus continued slow grow.

✔ Rajiv Gandhi initiated economic reforms

✔ In 1980- eased restrictions, removed price controls and

reduced corporate tax

✔ Rajiv Gandhi begin indira modernization

✔ Rajiv modernized the telecommunication industry education

system ,and expanded technology programs

✔ However Rajiv’s reforms were not enough and India had to act fast
1990 India on the verge of bankruptcy

In 1990 days away from bankruptcy India political leaders take action by
eliminating license raj open India to the world.

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 Manmohan Singh finance minister

In 1991 Rao and Singh open the nation to foreign direct investment
reduced tap
Rao and Singh quickly went into action
✔ State control was reduced
Government subsides were cut
Tariffs and trade barriers reduced
Regulatory license eliminated.
✔ The new reforms were widely criticized but some took their
opportunity to start business
During the 90’s unprecedented growth
As result of Singh reform the 1990’s witnessed unprecedented
growth and influx of foreign corporation

Foreign companies like GE, IBM, Oracle Accenture and EDS raced to
set up business due to low labour cost

Indian GDP grew at an average 5% during the 1990’s

As the 90’s end more foreign corporation open in India and more
India companies globalize

1999-2007 India’s corporation Go Global

Ratan Tata ,Tata Group chairman
The Tata group reaches $26.1 in revenue and in the market cap
$57.6 billion in 2006
As India opened to world, more entrepreneurs built companies from
scratch
Lakshmi mittal arcelar mittal president
World 5th richest man built an empire from scratch

India companies compered level to head with some of the world

largest companies and won

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India stock market becomes recognized globally CNBC all around the
dock financial coverage sensex passes 10000

Financial market globalize

Sensex hits new high the India street predicts India real estate on
fire GDP reaches 9% FDI increases 10 fold , Running with the bulls

Political leader keep the momentum

Remarkably Indian political leadership kept the India growth engine
going despite intense pressure to pull back

Vajpee and later Singh privatized Govt.

Corporation liberalized trade set up SEZ and built strong
relationship with the West

Some through the reforms would run India some complained about
the close relationships with the west

India’s companies Now competitive then as the west contended with

losing their jobs to India companies some like Cisco, Oracle and IBM
decided if they couldn’t beat them hire them

Felling the pain of low cost competitive labor from India, us mncs
began moving whole division India

As us mnc led the way into India the rest of the world largest
corporation followed. India soon become hot and everyone was
talking about India’s future as superpower

India become main stream and appeared in all the major periodic
ate in the world took notice

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 In June 2007, India officially had 100000 millionaires by 2017 India
will have one million – millionaires

In June 2007 the sensex reached 15000 an important milestone in

1990 it usually 1000

The India sensex predits the sensex will reach 25000 by 2011 faster
if foreigners are allowed to investment directly into the India stock
market
India’s largest land holder DLF ipo sover subscribed and trades at a
premium to list value

While India’s real estate value have increased 5 fold in the last few
years, land still in appreciating in value
A real estate bubble?

National
Emblem Indian Flag

Republic of India
The economic development in India followed a socialist-inspired policies for most of its
independent history, including state-ownership of many sectors; extensive regulation

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and red tape known as "Licence Raj"; and isolation from the world economy. India's per
capita income increased at only around 1% annualized rate in the three decades after
Independence. Since the mid-1980s, India has slowly opened up its markets
through economic liberalization. After more fundamental reforms since 1991 and their
renewal in the
2000s, India has
progressed
towards a National Symbols of India
market-based
Flag Tricolour
system.
Emblem Sarnath Lion Capital
Anthem Jana Gana Mana
Song Vande Mataram
Animal Royal Bengal Tiger
Bird Indian Peacock
Flower Lotus
Fruit Mango
Sport Field hockey
River Ganges

Indian History

India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: भारत गणराजय Bhārat Gaṇarājya;
see also (other Indian languages), is a country in South Asia. It is
the seventh-Largest country by geographical area, the second-most
populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded
by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay
of Bengal on the east, India has a coastline of 7,517 kilometers (4,700 mi).It
is bordered by Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north;

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and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka,
and the Maldives in the Indian Ocean.

Home to the Indus Valley Civilization and a region of historic trade routes
and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial
and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four major
religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated here,
while Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam arrived in the first
millennium CE and shaped the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed
by the British East India Company from the early eighteenth century and
colonised by the United Kingdom from the mid-nineteenth century, India
became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for
independence that was marked by widespread non-violent resistance.

India is a republic consisting of 29 states and seven union territories with

a parliamentary system of democracy. It has the world's twelfth largest
economy at market exchange rates and the fourth largest in purchasing
power. Economic reforms since 1991 have transformed it into one of
the fastest growing economies however, it still suffers from high
levels of poverty, illiteracy, disease, and malnutrition.
A pluralistic, multilingual, and multiethnic society, India is also home to a
diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.

Economic development in India

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 Bombay Stock Exchange, in Mumbai, is Asia's oldest and India's
largest stock exchange by market capitalization.
From the 1950s to the 1980s, India followed socialist-inspired policies. The economy
was shackled by extensive regulation, protectionism, and public ownership, leading
to pervasive corruption and slow growth.Since 1991, the nation has moved towards
a market-based system. The policy change in 1991 came after an acute balance of
payments crisis, and the emphasis since then has been to use foreign trade and
foreign investment as integral parts of India's economy.

With an average annual GDP growth rate of 5.8% for the past two decades, the
economy is among the fastest growing in the world. It has the world's second
largest labour force, with 516.3 million people. In terms of output, the agricultural
sector accounts for 28% of GDP; the service and industrial sectors make up 54%
and 18% respectively. Major agricultural products include rice, wheat, oilseed,
cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry;
fish. Major industries include textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transport
equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software. India's trade has
reached a relatively moderate share of 24% of GDP in 2006, up from 6% in
1985.India's share of world trade has reached 1%. Major exports include petroleum
products, textile goods, gems and jewelry, software, engineering goods, chemicals,
and leather manufactures.

Major imports include crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer, and chemicals.

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 The Tata Nano, the world's cheapest car. India's annual small-car exports
have surged fivefold in the past five years.

India's GDP is US$1.237 trillion, which makes it the twelfth-largest economy in the
world or fourth largest by purchasing power adjusted exchange rates. India's
nominal per capita income US$1,068 is ranked 128th in the world. In the late 2000s,
India's economic growth has averaged 7½% a year, which will double the average
income in a decade.

Despite India's impressive economic growth over recent decades, it still contains
the largest concentration of poor people in the world, and has a higher rate of
malnutrition among children under the age of three (46% in year 2007) than any
other country in the world. The percentage of people living below the World Bank's
international poverty line of $1.25 a day (PPP, in nominal terms Rs. 21.6 a day in
urban areas and Rs 14.3 in rural areas in 2005) decreased from 60% in 1981 to 42%
in 2005. Even though India has avoided famines in recent decades, half of children
are underweight, one of the highest rates in the world and nearly double the rate of
Sub-Saharan Africa.

Government of India

The Constitution of India, the longest and the most exhaustive constitution of any
independent nation in the world, came into force on 26 January 1950.The preamble of the
constitution defines India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic] India has a
bicameral parliament operating under a Westminster-style parliamentary system. Its form of
government was traditionally described as being 'quasi-federal' with a strong centre and
weaker states, but it has grown increasingly federal since the late 1990s as a result of
political, economic and social changes.

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The President of India is the head of state elected indirectly by an electoral college for a
five-year term. The Prime Minister is the head of government and exercises most executive
powers. Appointed by the President, the Prime Minister is by convention supported by
the party or political alliance holding the majority of seats in the lower house of
Parliament. The executive branch consists of the President, Vice-President, and the Council
of Ministers (the Cabinet being its executive committee) headed by the Prime Minister. Any
minister holding a portfolio must be a member of either house of parliament. In the Indian
parliamentary system, the executive is subordinate to the legislature, with the Prime
Minister and his Council being directly responsible to the lower house of the Parliament.

The Legislature of India is the bicameral Parliament, which consists of the upper house
called the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the lower house called the Lok Sabha (House
of People). The Rajya Sabha, a permanent body, has 245 members serving staggered six
year terms. Most are elected indirectly by the state and territorial legislatures in proportion
to the state's population. 543 of the Lok Sabha's 545 members are directly elected by
popular vote to represent individual constituencies for five year terms. The other two
members are nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community if the President
is of the opinion that the community is not adequately represented.

India has a unitary three-tier judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Court, headed by the Chief
Justice of India, 21 High Courts, and a large number of trial courts. The Supreme Court has
original over cases involving fundamental rights and over disputes between states and the
Centre, and appellate jurisdiction over the High Courts. It is judicially independent, and has
the power to declare the law and to strike down Union or State laws which contravene the
Constitution. The role as the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution is one of the most
important functions of the Supreme Court.

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 Administrative divisions of India, including 28 states and 7 union territories.

States:

1. Andhra Pradesh 8. Haryana 15. Maharashtra 22. Rajasthan

2. Arunachal Pradesh 9. Himachal Pradesh 16. Manipur 23. Sikkim

3. Assam 10. Jammu and Kashmir 17. Meghalaya 24. Tamil Nadu

4. Bihar 11. Jharkhand 18. Mizoram 25. Tripura

5. Chhattisgarh 12. Karnataka 19. Nagaland 26. Uttar Pradesh

6. Goa 13. Kerala 20. Orissa 27. Uttarakhand

7. Gujarat 14. Madhya Pradesh 21. Punjab 28. West Bengal

Union Territories:

A. Andaman and Nicobar Islands

B. Chandigarh

C. Dadra and Nagar Haveli

D. Daman and Diu

E. Lakshadweep

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 F. National Capital Territory of Delhi

G. Puducherry

Politics of India

North Block, in New Delhi, houses key government offices.

India is the most populous democracy in the world.[For most of the years since
independence, the federal government has been led by the Indian National Congress (INC).
Politics in the states have been dominated by several national parties including the INC,
the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI (M)) and various
regional parties. From 1950 to 1990, barring two brief periods, the INC enjoyed a
parliamentary majority. The INC was out of power between 1977 and 1980, when the Janata
Party won the election owing to public discontent with the state of emergency declared by
the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. In 1989, a Janata Dal-led National Front coalition in
alliance with the Left Front coalition won the elections but managed to stay in power for only
two years. As the 1991 elections gave no political party a majority, the INC formed
a minority government under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and was able to complete
its five-year term.

The years 1996–1998 were a period of turmoil in the federal government with several short-
lived alliances holding sway. The BJP formed a government briefly in 1996, followed by
the United Front coalition that excluded both the BJP and the INC. In 1998, the BJP formed
the National Democratic Alliance(NDA) with several other parties and became the first non-
Congress government to complete a full five-year term. In the 2004 Indian elections, the INC
won the largest number of Lok Sabha seats and formed a government with a coalition called
the United Progressive Alliance (UPA), supported by various Left-leaning parties and
members opposed to the BJP. The UPA again came into power in the 2009 general election;
however, the representation of the Left leaning parties within the coalition has significantly

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reduced Manmohan Singh became the first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962 to
be re-elected after completing a full five-year term.

Demographics of India

Population density map of India.

With an estimated population of 1.2 billion, India is the world's second most populous
country. The last 50 years have seen a rapid increase in population due to medical
advances and massive increase in agricultural productivity made by the revolution. India’s
urban population increased 11-fold during the twentieth century and is increasingly
concentrated in large cities. By 2001 there were 35 million-plus population cities in India,
with the largest cities, with a population of over 10 million each,
being Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata. However, as of 2001, more than 70% of India's population
continues to reside in rural areas.

India is the world's most culturally, linguistically and genetically diverse geographical entity
after the African continent. India is home to two major linguistic families: Indo-Aryan (spoken
by about 74% of the population) and Dravidian (spoken by about 24%). Other languages
spoken in India come from the Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman linguistic families. Hindi,
with the largest number of speakers is the official language of the union English is used
extensively in business and administration and has the status of a 'subsidiary official
language;it is also important in education, especially as a medium of higher education. In
addition, every state and union territory has its own official languages, and the constitution
also recognises in particular 21 "scheduled languages".

As per the 2001 census, over 800 million Indians (80.5%) were Hindu. Other religious groups
include Muslims (13.4%), Christians (2.3%), Sikhs (1.9%),Buddhists (0.8%), Jains (0.4%), Jew
s, Zoroastrians and Bahá'ís Tribals constitute 8.1% of the population. India has the third-

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highest Muslim population in the world and has the highest population of Muslims for a non-
Muslim majority country.

India's literacy rate is 64.8% (53.7% for females and 75.3% for males) The state
of Kerala has the highest literacy rate at 91% while Bihar has the lowest at 47%.The national
human sex ratio is 944 females per 1,000 males. India's median age is 24.9, and
the population growth rate of 1.38% per annum; there are 22.01 births per 1,000 people per
year. According to the World Health Organization 900,000 Indians die each year from
drinking contaminated water and breathing in polluted air Malaria is endemic in India. Half
of children in India are underweight, one of the highest rates in the world and nearly same
as Sub-Saharan Africa. Many women are malnourished, too. There are about 60 physicians
per 100,000 people in India.

Culture
Main article: Culture of India

The Taj Mahal in Agra was built by Shah Jahan as memorial to wifeMumtaz Mahal. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site considered to be of

"outstanding universal value".[132]

India's culture is marked by a high degree of syncretism[133] and cultural pluralism.[134] It has managed to preserve established

traditions while absorbing new customs, traditions, and ideas from invaders and immigrants and spreading its cultural influence to

other parts of Asia, mainly South East and East Asia. Traditional Indian society is defined by relatively strict social hierarchy.

The Indian caste system describes the social stratification and social restrictions in the Indian subcontinent, in which social classes

are defined by thousands of endogamous hereditary groups, often termed asjātis or castes.[135]

Traditional Indian family values are highly respected, and multi-generational patriarchal joint families have been the norm, although

nuclear family are becoming common in urban areas.[103] An overwhelming majority of Indians have their marriages arranged by their

parents and other respected family members, with the consent of the bride and groom.[136] Marriage is thought to be for life,[136] and

the divorce rate is extremely low.[137] Child marriage is still a common practice, with half of women in India marrying before the legal

age of 18.[138][139]

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Indian cuisine is characterised by a wide variety of regional styles and sophisticated use of herbs and spices. The staple foods in the

region are rice (especially in the south and the east) and wheat (predominantly in the north).[140] Spices such as black pepper that

are now consumed world wide are originally native to the Indian subcontinent. Chili pepper, which was introduced by

the Portuguese is also very much used within Indian Cuisine.[141]

A statue of Shiva, a principaldeity of Hinduism, in Bangalore

Traditional Indian dress varies across the regions in its colours and styles and depends on various factors, including climate.

Popular styles of dress include draped garments such as sari for women and dhoti or lungi for men; in addition, stitched clothes

such as salwar kameez for women and kurtaajamasyjama and European-style trousers and shirts for men, are also popular.

Many Indian festivals are religious in origin, although several are celebrated irrespective of caste and creed. Some popular festivals

are Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi, Ugadi, Thai Pongal, Holi, Onam, Vijayadasami, Durga Puja, Eid ul-Fitr, Bakr-Id, Christmas, Buddha

Jayanti and Vaisakhi.[142] India has three national holidays. Other sets of holidays, varying between nine and twelve, are officially

observed in individual states. Religious practices are an integral part of everyday life and are a very public affair.

Indian architecture is one area that represents the diversity of Indian culture. Much of it, including notable monuments such as

the Taj Mahal and other examples of Mughal architecture and South Indian architecture, comprises a blend of ancient and varied

local traditions from several parts of the country and abroad. Vernacular architecture also displays notable regional variation.

Indian music covers a wide range of traditions and regional styles. Classical music largely encompasses the two genres – North

Indian Hindustani, South Indian Carnatic traditions and their various offshoots in the form of regional folk music. Regionalised forms

of popular music include filmi and folk music; the syncretic tradition of the bauls is a well-known form of the latter.

Indian dance too has diverse folk and classical forms. Among the well-known folk dances are the bhangra of the Punjab, the bihu of

Assam, the chhau of West Bengal, Jharkhand andsambalpuri of Orissa and the ghoomar of Rajasthan. Eight dance forms, many

with narrative forms and mythological elements, have been accorded classical dance status by India'sNational Academy of Music,

Dance, and Drama. These are: bharatanatyam of the state of Tamil Nadu, kathak of Uttar Pradesh, kathakali and mohiniyattam of

Kerala, kuchipudi of Andhra Pradesh, manipuri of Manipur, odissi of Orissa and the sattriya of Assam.[143]

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Theatre in India often incorporates music, dance, and improvised or written dialogue.[144] Often based on Hindu mythology, but also

borrowing from medieval romances, and news of social and political events, Indian theatre includes the bhavai of state of Gujarat,

the jatra of West Bengal, the nautanki and ramlila of North India, the tamasha of Maharashtra, the burrakatha of Andhra Pradesh,

the terukkuttu of Tamil Nadu, and the yakshagana of Karnataka.[145]

The Indian film industry is the largest in the world.[146] Bollywood, based in Mumbai, makes commercial Hindi films and is the most

prolific film industry in the world.[147] Established traditions also exist in Bengali, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil,

and Telugu language cinemas.[148]

The earliest works of Indian literature were transmitted orally and only later written down.[149] These included works of Sanskrit

literature – such as the early Vedas, the epics Mahābhārataand Ramayana, the drama Abhijñānaśākuntalam (The Recognition of

Śakuntalā), and poetry such as the Mahākāvya[150] – and the Tamil language Sangam literature.[151] Among Indian writers of the

modern era active in Indian languages or English, Rabindranath Tagore won the Nobel Prize in 1913.

Constitution of India
India, also known as Bharat, is a Union of States. It is a Sovereign Socialist Democratic Republic with a parliamentary system of government.
The Republic is governed in terms of the Constitution of India which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 and
came into force on 26th January 1950.

The Constitution provides for a Parliamentary form of government which is federal in structure with certain unitary features. The
constitutional head of the Executive of the Union is the President. As per Article 79 of the Constitution of India, the council of the Parliament
of the Union consists of the President and two Houses known as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok
Sabha). Article 74(1) of the Constitution provides that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its head to aid and
advise the President, who shall exercise his functions in accordance to the advice. The real executive power is thus vested in the Council of
Ministers with the Prime Minister as its head.

The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the House of the People (Lok Sabha). Every State has a Legislative Assembly. Certain
States have an upper House also called State Legislative Council. There is a Governor for each state who is appointed by the President.
Governor is the Head of the State and the executive power of the State is vested in him. The Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister as its
head advises the Governor in the discharge of the executive functions. The Council of the Ministers of a state is collectively responsible to the
Legislative Assembly of the State.

The Constitution distributes legislative powers between Parliament and State legislatures as per the lists of entries in the Seventh Schedule to
the Constitution. The residuary powers vest in the Parliament. The centrally administered territories are called Union Territories.

Indian Economy Overview

India has been one of the best performers in the world economy in recent years, but rapidly rising
inflation and the complexities of running the world’s biggest democracy are proving challenging.

India’s economy has been one of the stars of global economics in recent years, growing 9.2% in 2007 and 9.6% in
2006. Growth had been supported by markets reforms, huge inflows of FDI, rising foreign exchange reserves, both
an IT and real estate boom, and a flourishing capital market.

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Like most of the world, however, India is facing testing economic times in 2008. The Reserve Bank of India had
set an inflation target of 4%, but by the middle of the year it was running at 11%, the highest level seen for a
decade. The rising costs of oil, food and the resources needed for India’s construction boom are all playing a part.

India has to compete ever harder in the energy market place in particular and has not been as adept at securing
new fossil fuel sources as the Chinese. The Indian Government is looking at alternatives, and has signed a wide-
ranging nuclear treaty with the US, in part to gain access tonuclear power plant technology that can reduce its oil
thirst. This has proved contentious though, leading to leftist members of the ruling coalition pulling out of the
government.

As part of the fight against inflation a tighter monetary policy is expected, but this will help slow the growth of the
Indian economy still further, as domestic demand will be dampened. External demand is also slowing, further
adding to the downside risks.

The Indian stock market has fallen more than 40% in six months from its January 2008 high. $6b of foreign funds
have flowed out of the country in that period, reacting both to slowing economic growth and perceptions that the
market was over-valued.

It is not all doom and gloom, however. A growing number of investors feel that the market may now be
undervalued and are seeing this as a buying opportunity. If their optimism about the long term health of the
Indian economy is correct, then this will be a needed correction rather than a downtrend.

The Indian government certainly hopes that is the case. It views investment in the creaking infrastructure of the
country as being a key requirement, and has ear-marked 23.8 trillion rupees, approximately $559 billion, for
infrastructure upgrades during the 11th five year plan. It expects to fund 70% of project costs, with the other 30%
being supplied by the private sector. Ports, airports, roads and railways are all seen as vital for the
Indian Economy and have been targeted for investment.

Further hope comes from the confidence of India’s home bred companies. As well as taking over the domestic
reins, where they now account for most of the economic activity, they are also increasingly expanding abroad.
India has contributed more new members to the Forbes Global 2000 than any other country in the last four years.

Recent Growth Trends in Indian Economy

India’s Economy has grown by more than 9% for three years running, and has seen a decade of 7%+ growth. This
has reduced poverty by 10%, but with 60% of India’s 1.1 billion population living off agriculture and with droughts
and floods increasing, poverty alleviation is still a major challenge.

The structural transformation that has been adopted by the national government in recent times has reduced
growth constraints and contributed greatly to the overall growth and prosperity of the country. However there are
still major issues around federal vs state bureaucracy, corruption and tariffs that require addressing. India’s public
debt is 58% of GDP according to the CIA World Fact book, and this represents another challenge.

During this period of stable growth, the performance of the Indian service sector has been particularly significant.
The growth rate of the service sector was 11.18% in 2007 and now contributes 53% of GDP. The industrial sector
grew 10.63% in the same period and is now 29% of GDP. Agriculture is 17% of the Indian economy.

Growth in the manufacturing sector has also complemented the country’s excellent growth momentum. The growth
rate of the manufacturing sector rose steadily from 8.98% in 2005, to 12% in 2006. The storage and
communication sector also registered a significant growth rate of 16.64% in the same year.

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Additional factors that have contributed to this robust environment are sustained in investment and high
savings rates. As far as the percentage of gross capital formation in GDP is concerned, there has been a significant
rise from 22.8% in the fiscal year 2001, to 35.9% in the fiscal year 2006. Further, the gross rate of savings as a
proportion to GDP registered solid growth from 23.5% to 34.8% for the same period.

(Business Standard July 17, 2006)

Further comparisions are:
1. India has the second largest population, 28% less than China’s population, but three and half
times the population of US, the third largest.

2. India has three out of the 17 most populated cities in the world, each with the population in
excess of one crore. US, Japan, China, Brazil and Argentina has two such cities each.
3.None of the Indian cities have a quality of life index higher than New York, the 12th city in the
world in terms of quality of life.
4.China is the highest user of modern contraceptives, India is not in the list of 16 top users.
5.India has the 17th largest refugee population. Pakistan ranks 2nd, US 5th and China 9th.
Number of Refugees in US is 2.6 times the number of Refugees in India.
6.U.K, USA and Germany lead in terms of asylum applications received from other nationalities.
Among the nationalities seeking asylum in Industrialised countries, China ranks 4th and India
7th.
7.India is the 11th largest economy in terms of nominal GDP with the US, Japan, Germany, U.K.
France and China ranked 1st to 6th. In terms of GDP based on Purchasing Power Parity (PPP),
India is the 4th largest after US, China and Japan. US nominal GDP is 20 times that of India.
8.US PPP - GDP is 4 times that of India. In terms of per capita GDP, US ranks 3rd/4th, but
neither China nor India appear in the list of top 70 countries in terms of GDP per head, while
countries like Poland, Chile, Croatia, Malta, Mauritius, Argentina, Taiwan do.
9.In terms of quality of life (as measured by Human Development Index), India and China do not
appear in the list of top 60. US ranks 8th and United Kingdom 15th.
10. India and China do not appear in the list of top 40 countries in terms of economic freedom
index and in terms of gender-related developlment index. US ranks 10th and 15th in terms of
these two indices.
11. In terms of average annual economic growth rates, China ranked 1st during 1982-92 and
3rd during 1992-2002, India’s rank being 22nd and 16th respectively.
12. In the list of largest exporters, US tops the list (13.59% of world exports) while China
(4.13%) ranks 7th and India (0.88%) ranks 29th.
14. India ranks 9th in terms of foreign debt, China 2nd.
15. US is the largest donor of foreign aid, while China and India are the 5th and 6th largest
recipients of foreign aid.
16. Value of Industrial output in India is the 12th largest (and China 3rd largest). US value of
Industrial output is 17.5 times that of India and more than 3 times that of China.
17. US has the largest service sector output. China ranks 8th and India 15th. US service sector
output is more than 25 times that of India and 14 times that of China.
Production
18. India is the third largest producer of cereals after China and US.
19. Meat – India is 6th, China 1st, US 2nd.
20. Fruit – China 1st then India, US.
21. Vegetables - China 1st, then India and US
22. Wheat - China, India, Russia, US.
23. Rice - China, India
24. Sugar – Brazil, India, China, US
25. Coarse grains - US, China
26. Tea - India, China

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27. Coffee - India is 5th
28. Copper - US 3rd, China 8th
29. Lead – China 2nd, Us 4rd.
30. Zinc – China 1st, Us 5th
31. Aluminium - China 1st, US 4th, India 9th
32. Gold – US 2nd, China 4th
33. Rubber – US 2nd, China 4th, India 8th
34. Cotton – China 1st, US 2nd, India 3rd
35. Oilseeds - US 1st, India 5th
36. Petroleum Oil - US 2nd, China 5th, India not in top 15
37. Natural Gas – US 2nd , China & India not in top 15
38. Coal – China 1st, US 2nd, India 4th
39. Energy Production – US 1st, China 2nd, India 5th ,
Energy Consumption : US 1st, China 2nd, India 4th
US consumes 4 times energy that India consumes.
40. Percentage of population in labour force –
1st China (57.8%), 25th USA (49%), India is not in the list of top 40
41.Global competitiveness –
US (1), China 22nd, India 30th
42.Business Environment : 2004 – 2008
US (4), China (38), India (40)
43.Innovation Index
US (1) - China and India does not occur in the list of top 44.
44.Information and Communication Technology Index –
US (5), India & China does not occur in the list of top 44.
45.Business Software Piracy –
Vietnam 1, China 2, Pakistan 6, India 15th.
46.Most corrupt - Bangladesh (1), Pakistan (39)
Least corrupt - US 19th, India and China not among least
47.Largest Business Corporations –
Top 3 in USA, 18 US in top 44, China and India not in top
48.Largest Banks : Top 2 in US, 9 US in top 45, China 25th & 37th - India does not occur in the
list.
49.Largest Road Network - 1st US, 2nd India (half of US), China 4th
50. Highest car ownership - US 12th, UK 23rd, India & China does not figure in top 50. 51.Air
travel (pass. Km. p.a.) - US (1st), China (4th), India 23rd, < 2% of US.
52. Longest Rail Network : US 1st, India 3rd, China 5th , US 4 times longer than India

53.Most Rail Freight : US (1st), China 3rd, India 4th,

US = 7 times Indian (tons – km. p.a.)
54.Largest Merchant Shipping Fleet : US 3rd, China 5th, India 22nd
55.Tourist Arrivals : US 3rd, China 5th, India not in top 40.
56.Biggest Tourist Spenders : US (1st), China (9th), India not in top 20.
57.Least Literate : India among the 20 at the bottom.
58.Life Expectancy : US 37th (77.1 years), China and India not in the Top 50.
59.Hospital beds : US 47th, China 51st, India not inop 38.
60.Colour TV Ownership (per “000) : US 2nd, China and India not in top 50.
61.Telephone Lines : US 11th, China, India not in top 44
62.CD Player : US 16th, China, India not in top 29
63.Computer : US 2nd, China & India not in top 37.
64.Book Sales : US (1), China (6), India (13), US value nearly 40 times of India’s or 10 times of
China’s.

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65. Daily newspapers (copies/ 000) :US 15th, China and India not in top 30
66. Music Sales ($m) :US 1st, China 19th, India not in top 22.
67. Internet : US 1st, China & India not in top 23.
68. Nobel Peace Prize (nos.) : US tops, China & India not in top 13.
69. Economics Nobel1st, China and India not in top 4 with two or more prizes
70. Literature : US 2nd, China and India not in top 10
71. Physics : US 1st, China and India not in top 14.
72. Olympic Medal winners ( 1896 – 2000) : US 1st, China 12th, India not in top 20.
73. Armed Forces : 1st China, 2nd US, 3rd India
74. China among the lowest Environment sustainability Index.
75.Most water polluting centers : China 1st, US 2nd, India 3rd
76.Largest Forest Area : US 4th, China 5th, India 11th.,
77.Largest Forest harvest (c.m.m) : US 1st, India 2nd and China 3rd.
78.Number of under threat : China 1st, India 6th, US 10th
Largest Consumers :
79. Wheat : China (1), India (2), US10th
80. Rice : China (1), India (2), US 10th
81. Sugar : India (1), China (3), US (4)
82. Coarse Grains : US(1), China (2), India (5)
83. Tea : India (1), China (2), US (8)
84. Coffee : US (1), China and India not in top 10
85. Copper : China (1), US (2), India not in top 10
86. Lead : US (1), China (2), India not in top 10
87. Zinc : China (1), US (2), India (8)
88. Aluminium : China (1), US(4), India (9)
89. Rubber : China (1), US (2), India (4)
90. Cotton : China (1), India (2), US (4)
91. Oil : US (1), China (2), India (7)
92. Natural Gas : US (1), China and India not in top 10
93. Coal : China (1), US (2), India (3)
94. Energy : US (1), China (2), India (4)

What is the position of indian economy in the world?

India remains a poor country but a fast growing developing country. In the world there is great expectation that India will within a few

decades become a developed country, an economic super power by growing rapid and consistently from now. So, foreigners are

keenly investing in India to the extent they are allowed by the Govt. of India.. But at present India's position of the Indian economy is

one of poor country with large population, low per capita income, high corruption, low quality of life, and low productivity but with lot

of potential that has just entered the path of high growth.

India ranks 3rd in tems of Gross Domestic Product (size of the economy) on purchasing power parity basis, after USA and China

( recent estimates are likely to show that the GDP figures for China and India have been overestimated whikle using the purchasing

power parity method to the extent of 40%. This may imply that India's rank may go down to 4th or 5th, though China may still be

2nd.

However overall GDP size neither does nor ranks India or China among developed countries because lot of poor people together

can have high total income but individually they are poor. India has a per capita income (per capita GDP) on purchasing power

parity basis of about $4,000 against about $ 8,000 against $ 42,000 for USA. In per capita terms India ranks 118th against China's

rank of 86th and USA's 4th after Luxemberg, Ireland and Norway.

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India ranks poorly interms of Economic Freedom Index, Competituievenes, Corruption, and Human Development Index. I had

compiled some figures a year or 2 back which will show India's relative position vis-a-vis China and USA:

Banking – ‘Improving loan growth’

India Infoline Research Team / 17:07 , Jan 14, 2010

In November ‘09, Indian Life Insurance industry, second time in a row, sustained its double digit growth. The industry’s total Annual Premium Equ
October ’09. LIC APE grew by 34.5% yoy and private players by 13.8% yoy. The growth among private players was largely contributed by big and med
Sun Life and Tata AIG Life. However, on a mom basis industry APE declined by 6%. The fall was mainly due to poor performance by the private player
on a mom basis at 2%, it APE was only up by Rs402mn.
Key observations
• The life insurance industry continues its double digit growth in November ‘09 with 22.4% yoy rise in APE. Though, both contributed to the growth, but
witnessed strong inflows in the group premium of Rs 244mn, up by 189% yoy. Private players cumulatively witnessed a growth of 13.8% yoy, slightly low
• In November ‘09, on a standalone basis, ICICI Prudential Life positioned itself on the top by registering an APE of Rs4.2bn. Only three players witnes
highest APE fall by 22.8% yoy due to the higher base effect. Other two were Reliance Life and Max New York Life, which were down by 10.2% and 2.8%
• Among the top-10 private players, HDFC Standard Life witnessed the highest growth at 63% yoy. It was mainly due to strong inflows in group premium,
Life, Met Life and Tata AIG Life registered +40% yoy APE growth in November ‘09.
• On a mom basis, insurance industry APE was dragged into the negative zone by the poor performance of the private players. The insurance indus
cumulatively down by 11.9%. However, LIC grew flat at 2% in November ‘09. SBI Life underperformed the industry and peers on a mom basis; APE
players witnessed growth namely Birla Sun Life (+8.5%) and Bajaj Allianz (+5.4%).
• On a YTD basis, LIC outperformed the industry and private players by registering a growth of 25% yoy. Among the private players, only three players w
Life (up by 4.5%) and Tata AIG (up by 19.1%). LIC’s market share improved significantly from 41% in FY09 to 45% in 8MFY10 and among the private p
8MFY10.

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Republic of India

भभभभ भभभभभभभ*

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 Bhārat Gaṇarājya

Flag National Emblem

Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)

सतयमेव जयते (Devanāgarī)

"Truth Alone Triumphs"[1]

Anthem: Jana Gana Mana

Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people[2]

National Song[4]

Vande Mataram

I bow to thee, Mother[3]

Area controlled by India in dark green;

Claimed but uncontrolled territories in light green.

Capital New Delhi

28°36.8′N 77°12.5′E

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 Largest city Mumbai

Official languages Hindi, English[show]

Constitutional languages 8th Schedule:[show]

Demonym Indian

Government Federal republic,

Parliamentary democracy[8]

- President Pratibha Patil

- Prime Minister Manmohan Singh

- Chief Justice K. G. Balakrishnan

Legislature Sansad

- Upper House Rajya Sabha

- Lower House Lok Sabha

Independence from the United Kingdom

- Declared 15 August 1947

- Republic 26 January 1950

Area

- Total 3,287,240 km2 ‡(7th)

1,269,210 sq mi

- Water (%) 9.56

Population

- 2009 estimate 1,198,003,000[9] (2nd)

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- 2001 census 1,028,610,328[10]

- Density 364.4/km2 (32nd)

943.9/sq mi

GDP (PPP) 2009 estimate

- Total $3.298 trillion[11] (4th)

- Per capita $2,930[11] (130th)

GDP (nominal) 2009 estimate

- Total $1.242 trillion[11] (12th)

- Per capita $1,017[11] (143rd)

Gini (2004) 36.8[12]

HDI (2007) 0.612[13] (medium) (134th)

Currency Indian rupee (₨) (INR)

Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)

- Summer (DST) not observed (UTC+5:30)

Drives on the left

Internet TLD .in

Calling code 91

Non-numbered Footnotes:[show]

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Public sectors disinvestment begins
Insurance sectors open up
Telecom sector open up

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