Statistical Analysis

for Social Science

Research
=============
QM 610

Program
Semester
Credit Hours
Duration
Pre-requisites

Resource Person

Counseling hours
Contact

MS in Management, Marketing, Finance,

Economics, & Statistics .
Spring 2015.
3
15 Sessions of 3:00 hours each
A general know-how of Mathematics &
Statistics. Qualifications in Mathematics
or Statistics would be a bonus.
Dr. Ahmed F. Siddiqi
M.Sc. in Statistics & Economics
MS in Statistics & Financial Engineering
PhD in Statistics
3:30 to 5:30pm
Monday thru Friday
ahmed.siddiqi@umt.edu.pk
(SMS only) 0300 8416362

A major function of a researcher in the domain of business administration and management is to

make decisions on the basis of available numerical information. Success of the organization or business
depends heavily on soundness of these decisions. Quantitative methods have always played an important
role in enhancing the soundness. However, with recent development in information technology, the role
of quantitative techniques in decision making has increased manifold. More and more researchers are
using such techniques to complement their experience and expertise in business world.
This course is aimed to provide the necessary tools to researcher in the domain of business administration and management for decision making in variety of business situations. Participants will learn
to formulate the real life business problems into quantitative models. Teaching of conceptual framework
of these tools will be supplemented by hands on application of various software packages that will aide
in solving these models. Expertise will be developed in interpretation of these solutions and their use in
decision making.

Learning Objectives

The purpose of the course is to provide the participants with mathematics, statistical and data analytical tools useful for social science researchers, in general, and management researcher, in particular.
Future researchers will use these tools in planning, executing and evaluating their research needs. Upon
successfully completing this course, the participants will be able to:
Identify and formulate research problems where quantitative techniques which can have an impact.
Use statistical tools to solve these problems.
Apply statistical computing tools to these problems and can interpret the findings.
Assess data with healthy skepticism and seek expert help when needed.
Recognize when better data and information are needed for decision making.

Learning Methodology

Following instructional tools and methodologies would be used during the course. Lectures
Lectures

Case Studies &

Research Papers

In Class Exercises
Computing
Software

15 sessions, of three hours each, in total .

Each of these lectures is accompanied by
detailed description of the technique, pertinent examples from the research world.
The course is heavily dependent upon research articles and papers written in the
domain of management science. The participants are expected to be familiar with
the use of digital repositories made available by HEC, including JSTOR, Emerald,
Springer, etc.
Data analyses would be conducted to appreciate numerical aspects of the techniques.
IBM SPSS (preferably version 22)
Eviews (preferably version 8)
Each student is requested to bring his/her
laptop, installed with these computing
software, in the class for hands-on practice.

Suggested Readings
1. Levin, Richard I., and David S. Rubin. Statistics for management. Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Prentice Hall, 2000.
2. Hair, Joseph F., Rolph E. Anderson, Ronald L. Tatham, and William C. Black. Multivariate
analysis. Englewood: Prentice Hall International (2007).
3. Gujarati, Damodar N. Econometrics by example. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
4. Gujarati, Damodar N., and Dawn C. Porter. Essentials of econometrics. (1999).
5. Coakes, Sheridan J., and Lyndall Steed. SPSS: Analysis without anguish using SPSS version
14.0 for Windows. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009.

6. Hanke, John E., Arthur G. Reitsch, and Dean W. Wichern. Business Forecasting. Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998.
7. Morgan, G. A., Leech, N. L., Gloeckner, G. W., & Barrett, K. C. SPSS for introductory
statistics: Use and interpretation. Psychology Press, 2004.
8. Leech, Nancy L., Karen Caplovitz Barrett, and George Arthur Morgan. SPSS for intermediate
statistics: Use and interpretation. Psychology Press, 2005.
9. Green, Samuel B., and Neil J. Salkind. Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing
and understanding data. Prentice Hall Press, 2010.

Evaluation Rubrics

Assignments 30%
Every assignment would be a week long exercise, which would be avialble through Moodle and has
to be submitted through Moodle.
Discussion 15%
Every class session would have 45 minutes exclusive for such discussion. The class would be splitted
in three groups; the presenters, the conflicters, and the observers.
Term Paper 45%
A term paper is a research paper written by students over an academic term. These are generally
intended to describe an event, a concept, or argue a point. A term paper is a written original
work discussing a topic in detail, usually several typed pages in length. Typically, a term paper is
composed of following sections;
Introduction (5%) section introduces the topic with respect to its definitions, existing concepts
and taxonomy. It reasons your attempt on the topic.
Literature Review (5%) which scans the available academic literature on the topic to provide
theoretical base for the analysis and identify research gap, if there exist any. This research
gap would help in carving objectives and research questions for the study while the theoretical
base steer the analysis.
Methodology section consists of
Hypotheses Construction : 15%
Choice of Analysis along with its rationale : 15%
Application of the Analysis : 15%
Fulfillment of corresponding assumptions, if there exist any : 15%
Inferring Conclusion : 15%
Discussion Over the Results (15%) which translates the results obtained in the previous section into everyday language.
Suggested topics for this semester would be Water Policy, and Culture & Religion. However,
students may choose other topics of their own choice after prior approval.
Class Participation 5%

Cheating & Plagiarism

Participants are expected to do their own work in their Assignments, quizzes and exams. They are always
encouraged to discuss with each other but the Assignments, quizzes and exams should be their own work
reflecting their own effort and intellect. The School of Business & Economics is VERY STRICT against
any action of plagiarism, copying and cheating. So dont put yourself in any embarrassing position that
may mar your career. In summary, any or all of these actions may be taken against you in case of
cheating.
3

Data Presentation;
Methods; Averages

Data Presentation;
Numerical
Methods; Data Spread and Consistencies

Numerical

Data Presentation; Graphical Methods

What is Statistical Analysis; Its relation with social research; Its philosophical background (Positivism).
The course of SAMR this semester?
Data, Information, and Knowledge;
Types of Data; Types of Statistical Data; Codes and Coding the
Data; Ordinal and Nominal Types
of Data; Entering the Data in SPSS

Topics

Sess.

Session Plan

To questions through the examination and interpretation of data; To

develop tables and charts for categorical data; To develop tables and
charts for numerical data; The principles of properly presenting graphs
To determine the single value which
represents the whole data set. To
use SPSS to find averages; To be
able to determine which of the average is best suited for the data at
hand.
To find the average distance of the
items from an average. To know the
structure of the series. To gauge the
reliability of an average. When the
dispersion is small, the average is reliable. To know the limits of the
items. To serve as a basis for control of the variability itself. To compare two or more series with regard
to their variability.

Introducing the Course; Relate it to

research; Relate it to Social Science;
Introducing its Philosophical background
Understanding the concept of Data
with respect to its application in
Statistics and social science. to use
statistical computing package like
SPSS for statistical analysis.

Objectives

Discussion based on research articles (i) Thompson, Bruce. What future quantitative social science research could look like: Confidence intervals for effect sizes. Educational Researcher 31.3 (2002): 25-32. (ii)
Angrist, Joshua D., Guido W. Imbens, and Donald B. Rubin. Identification of causal effects using instrumental variables. Journal of the
American statistical Association 91.434 (1996): 444-455.
Assignment on the basis of SPSS data file cars.sav.
Interpretation of Averages using data slices and segments.
Discussion over the research article (i) Konno, Hiroshi, and Hiroaki
Yamazaki. Mean-absolute deviation portfolio optimization model
and its applications to Tokyo stock market. Management science 37.5
(1991): 519-531.

Assignment on the basis of SPSS data file cars.sav. Interpretation of

Graphs using GapMinder (at http://www.gapminder.org).

Discuss over Research articles over statistical analyses; (i) Ostle,

Bernard. Statistics in research. Statistics in research. 2nd Ed (1963).
(ii) Siddiqi, Ahmed F. Age likes some years. Scientometrics 69.2
(2006): 315-321.
Assignment on the basis of SPSS data file telco.sav.
Discussion over Research articles (i) Sarvary, Miklos.
Knowledge
Management and Competition in the Consulting Industry. California
Management Review 41.2 (1999). (ii) Lyon, Liz. Dealing with Data:
Roles, Rights, Responsibilities and Relationships. Consultancy Report.
(2007).

Evaluation

Data Inferences & Generalization;

General Discussion

Regression & Correlation Models;

General Regression Analysis

10

Data Models; Probability and Probability Models; Normal Probability

Models

Data Models; Probability and Probability Models; Binomial and Poisson Probability Models

To develop a linear relationship between a response variable and a regressor for the purposes of prediction. Interpret the results of an
analysis that has used multiple linear regression.

To be able to conceptualize the concept of probability in data models;

To assign probabilities to individual outcomes in a sample space. To
know how to check that a proposed
probability model is legitimate. To
be able to recognize scenarios where
Binomial or Poisson Models are applied. To be able to apply SPSS
to construct binomial and Poisson
probability models.
To be able to conceptualize the concept of probability in data models;
To assign probabilities to individual outcomes in a sample space. To
know how to check that a proposed
probability model is legitimate. To
be able to recognize scenarios where
Normal probability Models are applied. To be able to apply SPSS to
construct normal probability models.
To understand the concept of sampling; To be able to distinguish between different types of sampling
like stratified, systematic, cluster,
convenient and snow-ball sampling
schemes; to conceptualize hypothesis testing and confidence interval;
To be able to apply SPSS for different mean based significance tests.
To conceptualize what is being
taught and read so far.
Assignment based upon The Global Slavery Index 2013, Doing Business
Report to relate these two indices.

15 min. group wise presentations of the articles being discussed so far

in previous sessions.

Assignment on the basis of SPSS data file cars.sav.

Discussion over Research article (i) McFadden, Daniel. Econometric

models for probabilistic choice among products. Journal of Business
53.3 (1980): S13-S29. (ii) Keane, Michael, and Nada Wasi. Comparing alternative models of heterogeneity in consumer choice behavior.
Journal of Applied Econometrics 28.6 (2013): 1018-1045. (iii) Gracia,
Azucena, and Tiziana de Magistris. Organic food product purchase behavior: a pilot study for urban consumers in the South of Italy. Spanish
Journal of Agricultural Research 5.4 (2013): 439-451.

Discussion over Research article (i) Nelson, Daniel B., and Krishna Ramaswamy. Simple binomial processes as diffusion approximations in
financial models. Review of Financial Studies 3.3 (1990): 393-430. (ii)
Leisen, Dietmar PJ, and Matthias Reimer. Binomial models for option
valuation-examining and improving convergence. Applied Mathematical Finance 3.4 (1996): 319-346. (iii) Paxson, Vern, and Sally Floyd.
Wide area traffic: the failure of Poisson modeling. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (ToN) 3.3 (1995): 226-244.

Regression & Correlation Models;

Generalized Regression Analysis;
Binomial regression,

13

Regression & Correlation Models;

Generalized Regression Analysis;
Multinomial Regression,

General Discussion Over Term Paper

12

14

Regression & Correlation Models;

Necessary Assumptions for General
Regression Models; Normality, Multicollinearity, Auto-correlation, and
Heteroskedasticity.

11

To develop and measure relationship

structure when the dependent variable is categorical in nature with
more than two categories.

To develop and measure relationship

structure when the dependent variable is dichotomous in nature

To be able to understand the requirements of a professional term

paper.

To be able to qualify a relationship

for a better model. To be able to
apply SPSS to qualify this relationship.

Discussion over the research articles (i) Connors, Daniel P., Lin Li, and
Ramesh Natarajan. Demand modeling in retail categories using retail
sales data sets with missing data elements. U.S. Patent No. 8,386,284.
26 Feb. 2013. (ii) Antunes, Ant
onio, Jose Mata, and Pedro Portugal.
Debt and extinction of firms. Economic Bulletin and Financial Stability Report Articles (2011). (iii) Gordon, Brett R., Avi Goldfarb, and
Yang Li. Does price elasticity vary with economic growth? A crosscategory analysis. Journal of Marketing Research 50.1 (2013): 4-23.

Assignment
based
upon
SPSS
data
file
bankloan.sav.
Discussion over the research articles (i) Levine, Ned, Dominique
Lord, and Byung-Jung Park. Binomial Regression Modeling (CrimeStat IV: A Spatial Statistics Program for the Analysis of Crime
Incident Locations, Version 4.0). (2013). (ii) Meng, Y., Holmes, J.,
Hill-McManus, D., Brennan, A., & Meier, P. S. Trend analysis and
modelling of gender-specific age, period and birth cohort effects on
alcohol abstention and consumption level for drinkers in Great Britain
using the General Lifestyle Survey 19842009. Addiction 109.2 (2014):
206-215. (iii) Zurada, J. M., Foster, B. P., Ward, T. J., & Barker,
R. M. (2011). Neural Networks Versus Logit Regression Model For
Predicting Financial Distress Response Variables. Journal of Applied
Business Research (JABR), 15(1), 21-30.

Assignment on the basis of SPSS data file telco.sav.

Discussion over the research article (i) Forst, Frank G. Forecasting
restaurant sales using multiple regression and Box-Jenkins analysis.
Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 8.2 (2011): 15-19. (ii)
Bollen, Johan, Huina Mao, and Xiaojun Zeng. Twitter mood predicts
the stock market. Journal of Computational Science 2.1 (2011): 1-8.
(iii) Black, Bernard, and Woochan Kim. The effect of board structure
on firm value: A multiple identification strategies approach using
Korean data. Journal of Financial Economics 104.1 (2012): 203-226.

15

Factor Analysis

To describe the relationship between

a large number of measured traits
and a small number of unobserved
factors.
To explain correlations
among multiple outcomes as the result of one or more underlying explanations, or factors.

Assignment on the basis of SPSS data file behavior.sav,

Discussion over Research article Siddiqi, Ahmed F. Important
Determinants of Child Labor: A Case Study for Lahore. American
Journal of Economics and Sociology 72.1 (2013): 199-221. (ii) Chen,
C. W., Yang, H. C., Chen, C. H., Tseng, C. P., & Lee, K. L. (2013).
The relationship between personality traits and sales force automation
usage: a review of methodology. Human Factors and Ergonomics in
Manufacturing & Service Industries, 23(4), 294-305.