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Article history:
Received 15 September 2014
Accepted 3 December 2014
Available online 20 December 2014
Keywords:
Longitudinal rectangular ns
Stretching/shrinking
Heat transfer
Fin efciency
Fin tip temperature
Exact solutions
a b s t r a c t
The present study deals with the heat transfer enhancement and efciency of longitudinal rectangular n
proles when a stretching or shrinking mechanism is mounted on the surface of the n. Exact analytic
solutions are sought from which the combined effects of some physical parameters like the convection
sink temperature parameter, the Peclet number, the stretching/shrinking parameter and the convectionconduction parameter (Biot number) on the efciency of longitudinal rectangular ns against non
stretched straight rectangular ns can be comparatively analyzed. It is shown that stretching degrades
the efciency, whereas shrinking provides better n efciency pointing to signicant advantages in terms
of n design purposes. Moreover, the presented neat formulae serve a verication tool for the researchers
actively working in the eld, particularly when numerical methods are employed to investigate more
complex phenomena.
2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Extended surfaces in the form of longitudinal, radial, spine or
pin, commonly used as ns are for enhancing heat transfer by
increasing the surface area available for convection. They play a
major role in many engineering applications such as airland space
vehicles, automobile radiators, air-cooled engines, chemical, refrigeration, cryogenic processes, electrical and electronic equipments
like CPUs, conventional furnaces and gas turbines, process heat dissipators and waste heat boilers and nuclear-fuel [1,2]. Fins can be
of a variety of geometry-plain, wavy or interrupted-and can be
attached to the inside, outside or to both sides of circular, at or
oval tubes, or parting sheets. The present work yet explores a
new phenomenon on the thermal transport and efciency of the
ns when a mechanism permitting stretching or shrinking of the
surface of them like a conveyer belt is mounted on.
Large amount of publications appeared recently in the literature
investigating various properties of nned heat transfer. To cite a
few, the efciency and optimization of straight ns with combined
heat and mass transfer were implemented in [3]. In [4] the longitudinal ns of rectangular prole, the rectangular ns and the
rotating radial ns of rectangular and other proles were made
use for the heat transfer analysis. Variable thermal conductivity
effects were studied in [5,6]. Torabi and Zhang [7] evaluated
Tel.: +90 03122977850; fax: +90 03122972026.
E-mail address: turkyilm@hotmail.com
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.12.007
0196-8904/ 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
200
Nomenclature
Roman symbols
a; b; c; d constants
fi
dummy variables
Kummer function
1F1
h
convective heat coefcient
hi
dummy variables
H
Hermit function
k
thermal conductivity
L
length of n
N
convectionconduction parameter (Biot number)
Pe
Peclet number
s
rate of stretching/shrinking of the n
s
parameter of stretching/shrinking of the n
T
temperature along the n
Tb
base surface temperature
Ta
U
x
X
Greek symbols
g
n efciency parameter
C
gamma function
k
thermal diffusivity
h
scaled temperature
h0
n tip temperature
ha
convection sink temperature parameter
hi
dummy variables
x
X ;
L
T
;
Tb
N2
hL
;
k
Pe
ha
UL
;
k
Ta
;
Tb
s s L;
d dh
dh
N2 h ha Pe1 sX
0;
dX dX
dX
h0 0 0;
h1 1:
Fin efciency accounts for the reduction in temperature potential between the n and the ambient uid. The physically signicant parameter g standing for the n efciency can be obtained
by means of the base temperature gradient and as the ratio of
actual total heat transfer rate to the maximum possible heat transfer [15]
h0 1
2
N 1 ha
201
Stretching Shrinking
FIN TIP
FIN BASE
Longitudinal Rectangular fin profile
1
p
1
22a sC 1a
2
pp
p
Pes
1 aePe 2 1 ha 2 sf 3 h1 Pef 4 h2 ha h0
p
;
paPe1 sf 5 f 6 f 1 sf7 Pef8
5
Pe1 s2
b
;
2s
N2
a
;
Pes
Pe1 sX2
c
;
2s
r
Pe
d
;
2s
1a 1
1a 1
; ; b ; f 2 1F1
; ;c ;
2 2
2 2
1a 1 2
; ;c ;
f 3 1F1
2 2
f 1 1F1
3a 3 2
; ;c ;
2 2
1a 3 2
; ;c ;
f 6 1F1
2 2
a 3
f 5 1F1 1 ; ; b ;
2 2
a 1
f 7 1 F 1 1 ; ; c2 ;
2 2
a 5
f 9 1F1 1 ; ; b ;
2 2
a 3
f 8 1 F 1 1 ; ; c2 ;
2 2
f 4 1F1
f 10 1 F 1
3a 3
; ;b ;
2 2
h1 H2 a; d;
f 11 1 F 1
3a 5
; ;b ;
2 2
h2 H1 a; d;
h3 H1 a; d1 s;
h4 H1 a; d1 sX;
h0
p
p
p
21 a sf 1 h1 Pef 1 h2 f 3 1 af 4 h3 ;
h1
p
p
p
21 a sf 2 h1 Pef 2 h2 f 3 1 af 4 h4 :
Pes
f 12 sf7 Pef8 3sf10 Pe1 s2 f 11 ;
202
(a)
0.80
(b)
a=0
N=1
0.78
0.76
1/2
0.80
0.74
1/5
N=1, Pe=1
0.85
0.72
0.75
0.70
a=0
Pe=1/2
0.68
0.70
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
(c)
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1/2
0.8 a=0
Pe=1
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
N=2
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
Fig. 2. The n tip temperature versus stretching/shrinking parameter. (a) N 1; ha 0, (b) N 1; Pe 1 and (c) Pe 1; ha 0.
0.8
0.7
Pe=1/2
0.7
1
0.6
0.5
Pe=1
N=1/2
0.6
N=1
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
(b)
(a)
4. Conclusions
This work is concerned with the heat transfer of longitudinal
rectangular n proles subjected to a mechanism of stretching or
shrinking on the surface, a physical phenomenon introduced rst
time in the literature to the best of authors knowledge. Since the
presented mechanical feature is new it needs an experimental justication warranting further work. The temperature eld, the n
tip temperature as well as the n efciency associated with such
ns are resolved analytically, yielding closed-form solutions. The
combined effects of physical parameters like the convection sink
temperature parameter, the Peclet number, the convectionconduction parameter (Biot number) and the stretching/shrinking
parameter on the straight rectangular ns enable us to reach the
following conclusions in a thermal processing;
Peclet number, convection sink temperature parameter and
stretching/shrinking parameter are all in favor of rising both
n tip temperature and temperature distribution.
The temperature is much reduced by increasing values of Biot
number.
Higher n efciencies take place for shrinking n proles as
compared to stretched ones.
Fin efciency is adversely affected by the increment in Biot
number and Peclet number.
The rectangular straight n proles as commonly used in practical applications may be mounted a shrinking surface on them
at the expense of better n efciency and heat transfer rate.
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