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OET Reading Part B

Part B : Multiple Choice Questions

Time Limit: 20~25 Minutes

Task 1: Breast Cancer and the Elderly

Source: Public Library of Science

Paragraph 1
Breast cancer is one of the highest-profile diseases in women in developed
countries. Although the risk for women younger than 30 years is minimal,
this risk increases with age. One-third of all breast cancer patients in
Sweden, for example, are 70 years or older at diagnosis. Despite these
statistics, few breast cancer trials take these older women into account.
Considering that nowadays a 70-year-old woman can expect to live for at
least another 1216 years, this is a serious gap in clinical knowledge, not
least because in older women breast cancer is more likely to be present
with other diseases, and doctors need to know whether cancer treatment
will affect or increase the risk for these diseases.
Paragraph 2
In 1992, guidelines were issued to the Uppsala/rebro region in Sweden
(with a population of 1.9 million) that all women with breast cancer should
be able to receive equal treatment. At the same time, a breast cancer
register was set up to record details about patients in the region, to ensure
that the guidelines were being followed. Sonja Eaker and colleagues set out
to assess data from the register to see whether women of all ages were
receiving equal cancer treatment.
Paragraph 3
They compared the 5-year relative survival for 9,059 women with breast
cancer aged 5084 years. They divided them into two age groups: 5069
years, and 7084 years. They also categorized the women according to the
stage of breast cancer. They looked at differences between the proliferative
ability of breast cancer cells, estrogen receptor status, the number of lymph
nodes examined, and lymph node involvement. The researchers also
compared types of treatmenti.e., surgical, oncological (radiotherapy,
chemotherapy, or hormonal)and the type of clinic the patients were
treated in.
Paragraph 4
They found that women aged 7084 years had up to a 13% lower chance of
surviving breast cancer than those aged 5069 years. Records for older
women tended to have less information on their disease, and these women
were more likely to have unknown proliferation and estrogen receptor
status. Older women were less likely to have their cancer detected by
mammography screening and to have the stage of disease identified, and
they had larger tumours. They also had fewer lymph nodes examined, and
had radiotherapy and chemotherapy less often than younger patients.

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Paragraph 5
Current guidelines are vague about the use of chemotherapy in older
women, since studies have included only a few older women so far, but this
did not explain why these women received radiotherapy less often. Older
women were also less likely to be offered breast-conserving surgery, but
they were more likely to be given hormone treatment such as tamoxifen
even if the tumours did not show signs of hormone sensitivity. The
researchers suggest that this could be because since chemotherapy tends to
be not recommended for older women, perhaps clinicians believed that
tamoxifen could be an alternative.
Paragraph 6
The researchers admit that one drawback of their study is that there was
little information on the other diseases that older women had, which might
explain why they were offered treatment less often than younger patients.
However, the fact remains that in Sweden, women older than 70 years are
offered mammography screening much less often than younger women
despite accounting for one-third of all breast cancer cases in the country
and those older than 74 years are not screened at all. Eaker and co-workers'
findings indicate that older women are urgently in need of better treatment
for breast cancer and guidelines that are more appropriate to their age
group. Developed countries, faced with an increasingly aging population,
cannot afford to neglect the elderly.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The main idea presented in paragraph one is that
a. only older women need to be concerned about breast cancer.
b. breast cancer trials seldom consider older women.
c. breast cancer is more common than other diseases in older
woman.
d. older woman do not take part in breast cancer trials.
2. Regarding cancer treatment, it can be concluded that.
a. doctors know cancer treatment will increase the risk of disease
in elderly patients.
b. cancer treatments may be a risk for all elderly people
c. it is unknown whether or not cancer treatments will affect the
treatment of other diseases in elderly people.
d. older woman are less likely to have other diseases
3. 1992 Guidelines issued to the Uppsala/Orebro region in Sweden
stated that
a. Sweden has a population of 1.9 million.
b. women with breast cancer need to register their condition to
ensure they receive equal treatment.
c. identical breast cancer treatment should be available to
women of all ages.
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OET Reading Part B

d. all women with breast cancer should have access to equivalent

breast cancer treatment.
4. Which of the following was not part of Sonja Eaker and her
colleagues research?
a. Comparing ability of breast cancer cells to increase in number.
b. Grouping woman according to their survival rate.
c. Identifying differences in treatment methods.
d. Splitting the groups based on age.
5. Findings by the researchers indicate that.
a. older women are less likely to have chemotherapy
recommended.
b. older women prefer hormone treatment to breast-conversing
surgery.
c. older women have fewer lymph nodes.
d. older women respond better to chemotherapy than to hormone
treatment.
6. The word vague is paragraph 5 means
a. uncertain
b. unclear
c. unknown
d. doubtful
7. One limitation of the study is that..
a. older women are treated less often than younger women.
b. older women have a lower incidence of breast cancer.
c. younger women are treated more often than older women.
d. there is a lack of information on other diseases which older
women have.
8. Which of the following statements best represents the view
expressed by the writer at the end of the article?
a. Due to ageing population in developed countries, the needs of
the elderly must not be ignored.
b. Older women need more appropriate treatment to suit their
age.
c. Developed countries have neglected the elderly for too long.
d. It is too expensive treat the elderly.

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OET Reading Part B

Answer Key
1. b 2.c 3. d 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. d 8.a
Question 1
a) Incorrect: incorrect assumption
b) Correct: see highlighted text
c) Incorrect: it is present with other diseases, not more common
d) Incorrect: usually they do not take part but not always
Question 2
a) Incorrect: Doctors dont know this.
b) Incorrect: It affects other treatments not people
c) Correct: see highlighted text
d) Incorrect:
Question 3
a) Incorrect: The statement itself is true, but it has nothing to do with
the guidelines
b) Incorrect: Not given, note that register is used as a verb here to
confuse the test taker
c) Incorrect: identical is not a synonym for equal
d) Correct: equivalent is a synonym for equal.
Question 4
a) Incorrect: Mentioned..proliferate is synonym for increase
b) Correct: They were not grouped based on survival rate(and if they
did not survive they could be grouped!!)
c) Incorrect: mentioned
d) Incorrect: mentioned
Question 5
a) Correct: See highlighted test
b) Incorrect: older womens preference is not mentioned
c) Incorrect: fewer lymph nodes examined
d) Incorrect: possibly true but not mentioned or indicated by the
researchers
Question 6
a) Incorrect
b) Correct: Check your dictionary and thesaurus if you got this
wrong!
c) Incorrect
d) Incorrect
Question 7
a) Incorrect: This information is true but is not related to their study
b) Incorrect: Not mentioned
c) Incorrect: This information is also true but is not related to their
study
d) Correct: see highlighted text
Question 8
a) Correct: See highlighted text
b) Incorrect: This the research findings not the writers opinion
c) Incorrect: Could be true but not mentioned
d) Incorrect: Trick question connecting the word afford & expensive
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OET Reading Part B

Answers Highlighted
Paragraph 1
Breast cancer is one of the highest-profile diseases in women in developed
countries. Although the risk for women younger than 30 years is minimal,
this risk increases with age. One-third of all breast cancer patients in
Sweden, for example, are 70 years or older at diagnosis. Despite these
statistics, (1) few breast cancer trials take these older women into account.
Considering that nowadays a 70-year-old woman can expect to live for at
least another 1216 years, this is a serious gap in clinical knowledge, not
least because in older women breast cancer is more likely to be present
with other diseases, and (2) doctors need to know whether cancer
treatment will affect or increase the risk for these diseases.
Paragraph 2
In 1992, guidelines were issued to the Uppsala/rebro region in Sweden
(with a population of 1.9 million) that(3) women with breast cancer should
be able to receive equal treatment. At the same time, a breast cancer
register was set up to record details about patients in the region, to ensure
that the guidelines were being followed. Sonja Eaker and colleagues set out
to assess data from the register to see whether women of all ages were
receiving equal cancer treatment.
Paragraph 3
4 b)They compared the relative survival for 9,059 women with breast
cancer aged 5084 years. They divided them into two age groups: 5069
years, and 7084 years. They also categorized the women according to the
stage of breast cancer. They looked at differences between the proliferative
ability of breast cancer cells, estrogen receptor status, the number of lymph
nodes examined, and lymph node involvement. The researchers also
compared types of treatmenti.e., surgical, oncological (radiotherapy,
chemotherapy, or hormonal)and the type of clinic the patients were
treated in.
Paragraph 4
They found that women aged 7084 years had up to a 13% lower chance of
surviving breast cancer than those aged 5069 years. Records for older
women tended to have less information on their disease, and these women
were more likely to have unknown proliferation and estrogen receptor
status. Older women were less likely to have their cancer detected by
mammography screening and to have the stage of disease identified, and
they had larger tumors. They also had fewer lymph nodes examined, and
had radiotherapy and chemotherapy less often than younger patients.

Paragraph 5
Current guidelines are (6)vague about the use of chemotherapy in older
women, since studies have included only a few older women so far, but this
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OET Reading Part B

did not explain why these women received radiotherapy less often. Older
women were also less likely to be offered breast-conserving surgery, but
they were more likely to be given hormone treatment such as tamoxifen
even if the tumors did not show sign of hormone sensitivity. (5)The
researchers suggest that this could be because since chemotherapy tends to
be not recommended for older women, perhaps clinicians believed that
tamoxifen could be an alternative.
Paragraph 6
The researchers admit that (7) one drawback of their study is that there was
little information on the other diseases that older women had, which might
explain why they were offered treatment less often than younger patients.
However, the fact remains that in Sweden, women older than 70 years are
offered mammography screening much less often than younger women
despite accounting for one-third of all breast cancer cases in the country
and those older than 74 years are not screened at all.
Eaker and coworkers' findings indicate that older women are urgently in
need of better treatment for breast cancer and guidelines that are more
appropriate to their age group. (8) Developed countries, faced with an
increasingly aging population, cannot afford to neglect the elderly.

This resource was developed by OET Online

Website: http://oetonline.com.au

Email: oetonline@gmail.com