BB101 Engineering Science Chapter 4 Work Energy Power

WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
4.0
BB101 ENGINEERING SCIENCE
By the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
4.1
Define work, energy and power and their unit.

List types of energy and their unit
Solve the calculation problem using the formula work, energy and
power.
Define Work, Energy And Power
Work
Work done by a constant force is given by the product of the force and the distance
moved in the direction of the force.
The unit of Nm(Newton metre) or J(Joule). Work is a scalar quantity.
Equation of Work
When the direction of force and motion are same, = 0, therefore cos = 1
Work done, W = F s
UNIT SAINS JMSK PUO/DISEMBER 2012
Page 32
Example 1
A force of 50 N acts on the block at the angle shown in the diagram. The block
moves a horizontal distance of 3.0 m. Calculate the work being done by the force.
Answer:
Work done, W = F s cos
W = 50 3.0 cos30o = 129.9J
Example 2
Diagram above shows a 10N force is pulling a metal. If the distance travelled by the
metal block is 2m, find the work done by the pulling force.
Asnwer:
The force is in the same direction of the motion. Work done by the pulling force,
W = F s = (10)(2) = 20J
Example 3:
Diagram A:
W = 100 x 5 x cos0 = 500 J
Diagram B:
Diagram C:
W = 100x5 x cos30 = 433 J W = 147x5 x cos0 = 735 J
Page 33
Work Done Against the Force of Gravity
Example 3
Ranjit runs up a staircase of 35 steps. Each steps is 15cm in height. Given that
Ranjit's mass is 45kg, find the work done by Ranjit to reach the top of the staircase.
Answer:
In this case, Ranjit does work to overcome the gravity. Ranjit's mass = 45kg
Vertical height of the motion, h = 35 0.15
Gravitational field strength, g = 10 ms-2 Work done, W = ?
W = mgh = (45)(10)(35 0.15) = 2362.5J
Defination of Energy
Energy is defined as the capacity to do work. The SI unit of energy is the same
as the unit of work, which is the Joule, (J).
Energy has many different forms and can be converted from one form to other.
For example, an electrical motor converts electrical energy to kinetic energy.
Work is done when energy is converted from one form to other. For example,
chemical energy in petrol is converted to heat energy which in turn operates the
engine to enable it to move.
In some physics calculations, we also can state (supposing) the amount of
energy is equal to work we have done :
Defination of Power
Power is the time rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. Power is a
measure of how quickly work is done. The SI unit of power is the watt (W) or joule
per second (J/s). One watt is equal about 1 joule per second. Horsepower is a unit
of power in the British system of measurement. One horsepower is equal to about
746 W. Power is scalar quantity. Power is defined as the rate at which work is done
in a certain amount of time.
Page 34
Example calculation:
Youre riding a toboggan down an icy run to a frozen lake, and you accelerate the 80
kg combination of you and the toboggan from 1 m s-1 to 2 m s-1 in 2 s. How much
power does that require?
,
,
A crane lifts a heavy bucket to a height of 2.5m from the ground in 3.5s.
a) Calculate the power generated by the crane in lifting the bucket in 840kg.
b) Explain why the power generated by the crane is actually higher than the
value calculated in (a). [Given g = 9.81m/s2]
(a)
Power, P = mgh ,
Power =
840 x 9.81x 2.5

3.5
= 5880 W
(b) This is because besides lifting the bucket, work also done to overcome
frictional forces between the cable and the pulley and others part of crane.
4.2 Kinetic Energy & Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
1. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion.
2. All moving object possess kinetic energy
3. The kinetic enegy of a moving object depends on its mass and speed.
In symbols: EK = ()mv2
Equation of Kinetic Energy
Example Calculation:
How much kinetic energy does an object have if its mass is 5.0 kg and it is moving at
a speed of 4.0 m/s?
EK = (1/2)mv2
Formula for kinetic energy.
EK = (1/2)(5.0 kg)(4.0 m/s)2
Plug in values for mass and speed.
EK = 40 J
Kinetic Energy equals 40 J.
Page 35
Potential Energy
1. Potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position or
state.
2. Potential energy can be classified into gravitational potential energy and
elastic potential energy.
3. The gravitational potential energy of an object depends on its mass, height
and the gravitational field, Ep = mgh.
Example Calculation:
What is the gravitational potential energy for a 4 kg object that is lifted 5 m?
Ep = mgh
Formula for gravitational potential energy.
Ep = (4 kg)(9.8 m/s/s)(5 m)
Plug in values for mass, acceleration due to gravity, and

height.
Ep = 196 J
Gravitational potential energy equals 196 Joules.
Page 36
4.2 Principle Of Conservation Of Energy

The principle of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created
nor destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another.
This principle implies that the total amount of energy in a closed system remain
constant.:
Even though, some of the conservation of energy not only depends by using kinetic energy and potential energy formula only. It
also can be use by variety of formula to calculate other energy using its own formula of energy. For example, if an object
produce heat when in motion its can be calculate by using heat energy and kinetic energy formula by applying conservation of
energy principle. But, in this topic student just study the kinetic energy and potential energy only.
Example:
Diagram below shows a coconut is falling from a certain height to the ground.
P
Q
At which position, P, Q or R, the coconut has the highest gravitational potential

energy?
During a basketball game, a 1.0 kg ball gets thrown vertically in the air. Its
momentarily stationary at a height of 5.0 m and then falls back down. What is the
balls speed when it hits the floor?
Page 37
Examples Calculation:
If you jump out of an airplane at 2000 m height and fall 1000 m before opening your
parachute. What is your speed (neglecting air resistance) when you open your
parachute?
,
,
4.3 The efficiency Of Mechanical System

Efficiency is a comparison of the useful work energy provided by a machine or
system to the work energy applied to the machine or system.
1. Machine are devices that make our work easier.
2. Machine require energy to work. This energy is called the input.
3. A machine transforms this input into other forms of energy to perform useful
works.
4. However, the useful work obtained is not equal to the input as there is energy
lost in this processs. This loss is mainly due to work done against frictional
forces and takes the form of heat.
Formula for efficiency is:
Efficiency =
Pout
x100%
Pin
A petrol engine has a work outpout of 96 kJ per minute. What is the power if the engine
efficiency is 20%?
Solution
Power output = 96000 J/ 60 s = 1600 Watt
Efficiency =
Pout
x100%
Pin
20% = (1600/Pin)x 100%

Power input, Pin = 160000/20 = 8000 Watt
Page 38
An electrical motor has an input power of 120W. it lifts a 20kg load to a vertical height of
1.5m in 5s. What is the efficiency of the electrical motor? Given g = 9.81m/s2
Solution
Input power = 120W
Useful output power = P = mgh ,
Power
t
= 58.80W
Efficiency = Useful Output Power
Input Power
20 x 9.81x 1.5
5
X 100%
= 58.8 X 100%
120
= 49%
Tutorial 1 (work)
a) How much work is done in raising a 2 kg book from the ground to a height of 1.8 m?
b) In raising a 200 kg bronze statue 10 000 J of work is performed. How height is it raised?
c) Youre pushing an out-of-gas car down the road, applying a force of 800.0 N. How much
work have you done in moving the car 10.0 m?
d) Youre pulling a chest of drawers, applying a force of 60.0 N at an angle of 60.0. How
much work do you do pulling it over 10.0 m?
e) Youre pushing a box of dishes across the kitchen floor, using 100.0 J to move it 10.0
m. If you apply the force at 60.0, what is the force you used?
Tutorial 2 (Energy)
a) Youre ice skating and travelling at 30 m s-1. If your mass is 65 kg, what is your kinetic
energy?
b) Determine the kinetic energy of a 1000 kg roller coaster car that is moving with a speed
of 20.0 m s-1.
c) A 1.5 kg book is held 60 cm above a desk whose top is 70 cm above the floor. Find the
potential energy of the book:
i. With respect above to the desk ii.
With respect above to the floor
d) How much work must be done to raise an 1100 kg car 2 m above the ground? What is
the cars potential energy afterward?
e) A 70 kg object is raised to a height of 40 m above the ground.
i. How much work is done?
ii. What is its potential energy?
iii. If the object is dropped, what will its kinetic energy just before it strikes the ground?
f) A 40 kg box of books falls off a shelf thats 4 m above the ground. How fast is the box
travelling when it hits the ground?
g) A ball with mass 500g is falling from the top of the building. If the height of the building
is 250 m. What is the final velocity before it reaches the ground?
h) A metal block with mass 50 kg is being dropped onto a pile to build a tall building. The
height of the metal block from the pile is 20 m. Calculate:
(i) Weight of the metal block.
(ii) Velocity of the metal block just before it hits the pile.
Page 39
Tutorial 3 (Power & Efficiency)

a) A 1000 kg car accelerates from 88 m s-1 to 100 m s-1 in 30 sec. How much power
does that require?
b) Youre driving a snowmobile that accelerates from 10 m/sec to 20 m/sec over a time
interval of 10.0 sec. If you and the snowmobile together have a mass of 500 kg, how
much power is used?
c) A certain tractor is said to be capable of pulling with a steady force of 14 KN while
moving at a speed of 3 m/s. How much power in kilowatts and in horse power is the
tractor developing under these conditions?
d) One hydraulic cylinder gives 2000 watt of power and a 550 N of force. Find the
velocity of the piston in m/s.
e) An inclined plane of length 10 m is used to raise a load of 500N by 1.0 m. If the force
used to pull the load along the inclined plane is 100 N, calculate the effiency of the
inclined plane.
Answer:
4.1.1 EXERCISES (work)
a) W = 35.316 Joule b) h = 5.10 m c) W = 8000 Joule
d) W = 300 Joule e) Force = 20.0 N
4.2.1 EXERCISES (energy)
a) 29250 Joule b) 200 kJoule c) i) 8.829 Joule
ii) 10.30 Joule
d) Work = 21582 Joule, Potential energy = 21582 Joule

e) Work done = 27468 Joule , Potential energy= 27468 Joule
f) v= 8.86 ms-1 g) 70.8 m/s h) (i) 500N
4.2.2
(ii) 20 m/s
EXERCISES (Power & Efficiency)
a) 37600 Watt b) 7500 Watt c) 42000 Watt. 56.3 horsepower

d) v= 3.64 ms-1 e) Efficiency = 50%
Minimum requirement assessment task for this topic:
1 Theory Test & 1 End Of Chapter

Specification of Theory Test : CLO1 - C1 & CLO3 (C2, A1)
Specification of End Of Chapter: CLO3 - (C2,A1)
*****************************************************************************************
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME (CLO)
Upon completion of this topic, students should be able to:
1.
2.
Identify the basic concept of work, energy and power, (C1)

Apply the concept of work, energy and power in real basic engineering problems. (C2,A1)
Compliance to PLO : PLO1 , LD1 (Knowledge) Test 1

PLO4, LD4 (Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills) Test 1, End Of Chapter 1
Page 40
BAHAN AKTIVITI
SKIL 1: WORK
SKIL 2: TYPES OF ENERGY
SKIL 3: POWER
( Bahan rujukan boleh diperolehi daripada nota dan rujukan lain)
LANGKAH-LANGKAH:
1.
Pelajar dibahagikan kepada 3 orang dalam satu kumpulan. Kumpulan ini dipanggil
Original Group
2.
Setiap pelajar dalam satu kumpulan akan mendapat bahan aktiviti dari skil yang berbeza.
3.
Pelajar diberi masa untuk mencari bahan dan berbincang. (Sub topik pengajaran akan
diberi lebih awal kepada pelajar supaya pelajar dapat mengulangkaji lebih awal sebelum
perbincangan bersama kumpulan dijalankan ).
4.
Pada hari aktiviti, pelajar duduk dalam kumpulan Original Group masing-masing.
5.
Kemudiannya pelajar yang mempunyai bahan pada skill yang sama akan digabungkan
dalam satu kumpulan Maka terbentuk tiga kumpulan yang dikenali sebagai Expert
Group. Beri masa yang sesuai untuk perbincangan. Pensyarah akan membuat
pemantauan terhadap semua group ini, Pensyarah juga boleh memberi input tambahan
dan menjawab pertanyaan atau membuat pertanyaan semasa sesi sedang berjalan)
6.
Setelah selesai, pelajar akan kembali ke kumpulan masing-masing. Pelajar dari setiap skil
yang akan mengajarkan apa yang diperbincangkan tadi kepada pelajar lain di dalam
kumpulannya. Berikan masa yang sesuai.
7.
Setelah selesai perbincangan tersebut, setiap pelajar akan menjawab satu soalan
penilaian. Penilaian ini perlu untuk mengenalpasti semua pelajar telah mencapai objektif
P&P pada hari tersebut. Soalan penilaian adalah berbentuk soalan pendek. Setiap
pensyarah bebas menyediakan soalan masing-masing yang dapat menguji pelajar untuk
mencapai objektif diatas.
8.
Untuk memastikan pelajar dapat mencapai objektif pembelajaran, pensyarah akan

memberikan latihan tambahan kepada pelajar dan memastikan pelajar dapat menjawab
latihan tersebut dengan baik.
Page 41

BB101 Engineering Science Chapter 4 Work Energy Power

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

BB101 Engineering Science Chapter 4 Work Energy Power

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WORK, ENERGY AND POWER