Prepared By:

Sheilani Binti Shaari

Department of Electrical Engineering/PKB

Department of Electrical Engineering

PKB

Course Learning Outcome (CLO)

Upon completion of this course, students should
be able to:
Apply the principles of three phase systems,
balanced load, star and delta type of connection
to solve electrical circuit correctly.

Department of Electrical Engineering

PKB

CONTENT
1.INTRODUCTION
2.3 PHASE SYSTEM
3.DIFFERENCE 3 PHASE & 1 PHASE
4.3 PHASE LOAD CONNECTION
5.3 PHASE POWER

Department of Electrical Engineering

PKB

LEARNING OUTCOMES
General Objective (GO)
Student should be able to understand the basic
principles of a three phase system.
Specific Objectives(SO)
Student should be able to:
1. Define three phase system with diagram.
2.Differentiate between three phase system and single
phase system
3.State three phase supply consists of three phase
conductors.

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INTRODUCTION
Generation System

Transmission System

Distribution System

240v
11kv

132kv

Three phase

415v

Single phase

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INTRODUCTION
3Phase System
Is 3 separate coil
conductors which
120o apart
Produce 3 voltage
source with same
magnitude but
different phase
120o.

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INTRODUCTION
Three-phase system have 3 phase conductor
or live wire :
1. Red Phase, R
2. Yellow Phase, Y
3. Blue Phase, B

Y
120
0
240
B

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3 SYSTEM
emf is generated using 3
conductor
conductors have the
same coils and rotating at
a constant speed

R
B

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3 SYSTEM
the emf generated has the
same three-emf amplitude or
peak value with phase shift
of 120 and same frequency.
B

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3 SYSTEM
E m sin 0

E m sin 120

Dge
Em

ER

EY

EB

sin 240

120

240

Waveform of 3 System

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3 SYSTEM
o

EY = Em sin( 120 )

ER = Em sin

emf
Em

ER

EY

EB

EB = Em sin( 240 )

120

240

Equations of 3 System

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3 SYSTEM
E

emf
Em

ER

EY

EB

EY
E

120

Em
=
0o
2
Em
=
120
2
Em
=
240
2

240

Equations of 3 System represent in a form of phase

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DIFFERENT 3 & 1 SYSTEM

3 SYSTEM

1 SYSTEM

Definition:

Definition:

System with 3 live cabels

from supply to load :
Red phase(R),
Yellow phase (Y) and
Blue phase (B).

System with 2 cable

connecting from source to
load:
Life cable (L) and
neutral cable (N).

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DIFFERENT 3 & 1 SYSTEM

3 SYSTEM
Connection:

1 SYSTEM
Connection:
L

415v
Y
240v

240v

B
N

Load

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DIFFERENT 3 & 1 SYSTEM

3 SYSTEM

1 SYSTEM

Waveform:
V

Waveform:
V

240

415

120 240

180

0
90

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APPLICATIONS OF 3 SYSTEM
1.

Transmission
system
2. Supply power to
large factories
3. Starting the 3
machines.

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ADVANTAGES OF 3 SYSTEM

More economical due to less

construction and maintenance costs

conductor used is smaller, thus the

needs of copper can be reduced.

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ADVANTAGES OF 3 SYSTEM

Easy to installed due to smaller and

lighter cable used.

Therefore the smaller structures

supporters can be used and the
distance between the supporters can
be relatively long.

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ADVANTAGES OF 3 SYSTEM

The characteristics of 3 equipment

have a better operating starting due
to its stable and fixed power.

Electrical energy supplied is higher

than 1.

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ADVANTAGES OF 3 SYSTEM

Most large motors used for induction

motor 3 can stand alone without
the additional equipment such as
capacitors, centrifugal switches or
other additional circuits

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ADVANTAGES OF 3 SYSTEM

The output Production and

equipment quality of work for 3
system is better than 1 because of
the higher efficiency and power
factor .

Department of Electrical Engineering

PKB

Department of Electrical Engineering

PKB

CONTENT
1.INTRODUCTION
2.3 PHASE SYSTEM
3.DIFFERENCE 3 PHASE & 1 PHASE
4.3 PHASE LOAD CONNECTION
5.3 PHASE POWER

Department of Electrical Engineering

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LEARNING OUTCOMES
General Objective (GO)
Student should be able to understand the basic
principles of a three phase system.
Specific Objectives(SO)
Student should be able to:
1. State that three phase loads can be connected in delta or
star.
2.State balanced star and delta connection.
3.Determine the power in three phase system.

Department of Electrical Engineering

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CONTENTS
3PHASE LOAD CONNECTION
STAR CONNECTION

3PHASE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

DELTA CONNECTION

3PHASE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

3PHASE POWER
APPARENT POWER, REAL POWER AND
REACTIVE POWER

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3 LOAD CONNECTION

Load on each phase is usually balanced.

The connections have 4 conductor
3 live wire and 1 neutral wire:

Red Line, R

Yellow Line,Y

Blue Line, B

Neutral line, N

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3 LOAD CONNECTION
There are 2 methods of load connection in
3 system
DELTA ( )

STAR ( Y )

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STAR CONNECTION
R

Load
N
Load

Y
B

Load

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STAR CONNECTION
Line Voltage (VL)
voltage that measure between 2 life
wire.
- ERY , EYB dan EBR

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STAR CONNECTION
Phase Voltage (VP)
Voltage that measure between life
and neutral wire
- ERN , EYN dan EBN

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STAR CONNECTION
R

VL = ERB

VP = ERN

VL = EYR

Load

VP = EBN

VP = EYN
Load

Y
B

VL = EBY

Load

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STAR CONNECTION
Voltage Formula
Line

Voltage = 3 Phase Voltage

VL = 3 VP

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STAR CONNECTION
Line Current (IL)
Current that flow in line
- IR , IY and IB

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STAR CONNECTION
Phase Current (IP)
Current that flow in phase
- IPR , IPY and IPB

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STAR CONNECTION
R

IP = IPR

IL = IR

Load
N

Load

IL = IY

IP = IPY

IP = IPB

Y
B

Load

IL = IB

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STAR CONNECTION
Current Formula
Line Current

= Phase Current

IL = IP

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STAR CONNECTION
Example
3 ballance load STAR connection have 10
resistance and 0.019H inductance. The supply
voltage is 415V, 50Hz. Calculate:
i. Line voltage,
ii. Phase voltage,
iii. Line current and
iv. Phase current

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DELTA CONNECTION
R

Load
Load

Load

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DELTA CONNECTION
VL
VL

Load

VP

Load

Load

VL

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DELTA CONNECTION
Voltage Formula
Line Voltage

= Phase Voltage

V L = VP

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DELTA CONNECTION
IL = IR

IP = IPR
Load
Load

IL = IY

IP = IPY
Load

IP = IPB
IL = IB

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DELTA CONNECTION
Current Formula
Line Current

= 3 Phase Current
IL = 3 IP

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DELTA CONNECTION
Example
3 ballance load DELTA connection have 10
resistance and 0.019H inductance. The supply
voltage is 415V, 50Hz. Calculate:
i. Line voltage,
ii. Phase voltage,
iii. Line current and
iv. Phase current

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3 POWER
Power in 3 phase is the same as in
single phase
3 types three phase power:
1. Apparent Power,
2. Active / Real Power and
3. Reactive / Reactance Power

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APPARENT POWER
Single Phase :

S P = VP I P

VA

3 Phase :

S 3 = 3 xS P
=
=

3VP I P

3VLIL

VA

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REAL POWER
Single Phase :

PP = VP I P cos

3 Phase :

P3 = 3 xPP
= 3VP I P cos
= 3VL I L cos

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REACTIVE POWER
Single Phase :

QP = VP IP sin VAR

3 Phase :

Q3 = 3xQP
= 3VP I P sin
= 3VL I L sin

VAR

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POWER TRIANGLE

SP = VPIP

QP = VPIP sin

S3 = 3VL I L

Q3 = 3VL I L sin

PP = VP I P cos

P3 = 3VLIL cos

Department of Electrical Engineering

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3 POWER
Example
Calculate:
i. Apparent power,
ii. Real power,
iii. Reactive power
for both connections in previous example.

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SOLVE PROBLEMS
(Q1 Q13)

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NEXT: CHAPTER

BASIC PRINCIPLE OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC