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JJ205
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES :
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
CLO 1. apply the principles of statics and dynamics to solve
engineering problems (C3)
CLO 2. sketch related diagram to be used in problem solving (C3)
CLO 3. study the theory of engineering mechanics to solve related
engineering problems in group (A3)
Objectives:
At the end of this chapter, student should be able to:
1. Understand the conditions for the equilibrium of a
particle.
a.
c.
(3.1)
Dec-12
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Free-Body Diagram
Indicate on this sketch all the forces that act on the particle.
These forces can be active forces, which tends to set the
particle in motion, or,
They can be reactive forces which are the result of the
constraints or supports that tend to prevent motion.
To account for all these forces, it may help to trace around the
particles boundary, carefully noting each force acting on it.
Dec-12
Example 3.1
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The forces that are known should be labeled with their proper
magnitudes and directions.
Letters are used to represent the magnitudes and directions of forces
that are unknown.
TB
A
B
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TC
Solution:
Sphere:
By inspection, there are only two
forces acting on the sphere.
Its weight
The force of cord CE.
The sphere has a weight of 6kg
(9.81 m/s2)= 58.9 N.
FBD shown as Figure (b).
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Solution:
Cord CE:
FBD shows only two forces
acting on it.
FCE and FEC pull on the cord and
keep it in tension, so that, it
doesnt collapse.
For equilibrium,
FCE = FEC
-Knot:
-Knot at C is subjected to 3
forces caused by the cords
CBA and CE and
the spring CD.
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F1
F2
F3
F4
Figure 3.1
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Scalar Notation.
Scalar notation is used to represent the components when
applying the two equilibrium equations that requires the
resolution of vector components along a specified x or y axis.
The sense of direction for each component is accounted for by
an algebraic sign which corresponds to the arrowhead direction
of the component along each axis.
If a force has an unknown magnitude, then the arrowhead
sense of the force on the free-body diagram can be assumed.
Since the magnitude of a force is always positive, then, if the
solution yields a negative scalar, this indicates that the sense of
the force acts in the opposite direction.
10 N
Figure 3.2
Example:
Consider the free-body diagram of the particle subjected to the
two forces shown in fig. 3.2.
It is assumed that the unknown force F acts to the right to
maintain equilibrium.
Applying the equation of equilibrium along the x axis, we have:
Both terms are positive since both forces act in the positive x
direction.
Solved the equation, we get, F = -10 N.
The negative sign indicates that F must act to the left to hold the
particle in equilibrium.
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Free=Body Diagram
2.
Equations of Equilibrium
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