KARAKTERISTIK

N
O.

PENELITI DAN
JUDUL (TAHUN)

1.

Judul :
The association
between dietary
selenium intake
and diabetes: a
cross-sectional
study among
middle-aged and
older adults
Peneliti :
Jie Wei, Chao Zeng,
Qian-yi Gong, Haobin Yang, Xiao-xiao
Li, Guang-hua Lei
and Tu-bao Yang

MASALAH UTAMA
Selenium is an
important trace
element for human
health, but numerous
epidemiological and
interventional studies
have examined the
association between
selenium and
diabetes, their
findings have been
inconclusive.
Moreover, no
research has
specifically focused
on the association
between dietary
selenium and
diabetes in the Asian
population. The
objective of this study
was to evaluate the
relationship between
dietary
selenium and
diabetes in middleaged and elderly
Chinese adults.

SUBJEK
5,423
subjects

VARIABEL
Diabetic and
non-diabetic
Population,
selenium
intake, blood
glucose, age,
gender, waist
circumference,
and body mass
index (BMI),
hypertension,
smoking status,
energy intake,
fiber
intake,

METODE
DESAIN/ANALI
SA STATISTIK
A crosssectional study.
Differences
in the
continuous data
were evaluated
by one-way
analysis of
variance
(normally
distributed
data) or the
KruskalWallis
H test (nonnormally
distributed
data), SemiQuantitative
Food Frequency
Questionnaire
(SFFQ)

TEMUAN
The average level of
dietary selenium
intake is 43.51 g/day
among middle-aged
and older Chinese
adults in Hunan
province, China.
There is a significant
positive correlation
between dietary
selenium intake and
the prevalence of
diabetes in the target
population.

2.

Judul :
Micronutrient
Intakes from Food
and Supplements
in
Australian
Adolescents
Peneliti :
Caroline M.
Gallagher, Lucinda
J. Black and Wendy
H. Oddy

Low intakes of
micronutrients,
including calcium,
folate, magnesium
and potassium, have
been
previously reported in
Australian
adolescents. Low
intake of B vitamins
was associated
with poor mental
health and behaviour
in adolescents.
Therefore, the writer
aimed to assess
micronutrient intakes
in 17 year old
adolescents in
Western Australia and
to determine whether
supplement use
optimises
micronutrient intakes.

A total
of 2168
adolescents
were
eligible for
follow-up at
17 years
between
July 2006
and June
2009. Of
these, 1754
individuals
participated
and 1009
provided
dietary
intake data.

Estimated
Average
Requirement
(EAR) or
Adequate
Intake (AI), BMI
category,
maternal
education,
family income,
screen use and
physical
activity
between
supplement
users and nonusers.

Chi-square
tests, selfreported semiquantitative
food
frequency
questionnaire
(FFQ)

Intakes of calcium,
magnesium, folate
and vitamins D and E
from food only were
low in Australian
adolescents. Although
supplements
significantly
increased
micronutrient intakes
in supplement users,
more than half of
supplement users
failed to meet the
EAR or AI for some
key micronutrients.
Compared with nonusers,
supplement users had
higher micronutrient
intakes from food
sources with the
exception of
vitamins D and B12
and were more likely
to achieve the EAR or
AI for many
micronutrients from
food only. Those
facing the greatest
risk of
micronutrient

3.

Judul :
Low
macronutrients
intake and
associated factors
among Maasai
women of
reproductive age in
Ngorongoro
Conservation Area,
Tanzania
Peneliti :
Haikael Martin,
Pammla Petrucka,
Joram Buza

Prevalence of oral
thrush among Maasai
women of
reproductive age was
disproportionately
high in the absence of
established
predisposing factors,
such as HIV/AIDS,
syphilis, diabetes and
anaemia. This study
investigated whether
incidence of oral
thrush was due to low
serum micronutrients
levels. Results
showed that all study
participants were
deficient in Vitamins
A and C; some had
insufficient levels of
Vitamin D. Writer set
out to understand the
normal dietary intake
of Maasai women of
reproductive age and
their traditions
associated with food
intake. Our aim was

Maasai
women of
reproductiv
e age (1549 years

Age, parity,
pregnancy
status, weight,
height,
frequently
eaten foods,
number of
meals, and
food
restrictions

A cross
sectional study,
interviews.

deficiencies were less

likely to use
supplements.
There is a need of
intervening in this
community through
nutrition education
and advocacy among
health workers who
are expected to
spread the knowledge
to the community.
These findings are
important in
addressing the type
of food aid directed to
this community,
which should include
protein sources like
beans.

4.

Judul :
Anti-Fatigue Action
of Peptides and
Amino Acids
Derived from
Oyster on Healthy
Subjects
Peneliti :
Taizo Seki,
Masahiko Ooe and
Masaru Ohtani

to review the types of

foods and amounts
consumed in relation
to potentials for oral
thrush occurrence.
Oyster (Crassostrea
gigas) is one of the
important aquatic
resources for
Japanese, and it has a
long history as food.
There are few clinical
assessment reports
on the effects of
oyster meat extract
powder containing
amino acids and
peptides abundantly
on the fatigue of
healthy subjects.

251 healthy
male and
female
adults who
lived in the
same
region. In
the intake
group, 201
subjects
(average
age:
35.30.7
years old,
148 males,
53 females)
were
allocated,
while 50
subjects
(average
age:
34.91.5
years old,
36 males,
14 females)
allocated in

Score of the
questionnaire
for work-related
fatigue, age,
sex

Preliminary
open label trial,
questionnaire,
SPSS Statistics
12, blood index,
Salivary
Examination,
Autonomic
Nerve
Measurement

The oyster extract

powder may improve
fatigue to result in
desired quality of life
of healthy individuals.

5.

Judul :
Effects of Dietary
Macronutrients on
Plasma Lipid Levels
and the
Consequence for
Cardiovascular
Disease
Peneliti :
Emilie Daoud,
Celena ScheedeBergdahl and
Andreas Bergdahl

Weight loss alone can

significantly reduce
markers of CVD,
manipulating dietary
macronutrient
content contributes to
the beneficial effects
of weight loss and
furthers the
improvement of lipid
profiles even without
the alteration of total
caloric intake.
Considering the
recent attention to
diets that are low in
carbohydrates rather
than fat, it remains to
be elucidated the
beneficial effects of
each diet type when
establishing new
recommendations for
CVD prevention. This
review aims to
examine the effects
of different
macronutrient
compositions on lipid

the nonintake
group.
People with
usual diet
and fat diet

HDL; LDL;
VLDL; plasma
lipid levels

Measuring
pasma lipid
level, HDL-LDLVLDL level in
human

Since being
overweight is one of
the risk factors for
CVD development,
diets low in
carbohydrate content
with moderate levels
of protein intake
appear to be the most
efficient in reducing
body weight in the
long term, and
because no caloric
restriction is needed
in order to see
results.

6.

Judul :
Dietitian-Observed
Macronutrient
Intakes of Young
Skill and TeamSport Athletes:
Adequacy of Pre,
During, and
Postexercise
Nutrition
Peneliti :
Lindsay B. Baker,
Lisa E. Heaton,
Ryan P. Nuccio, and
Kimberly W. Stein

markers, thus
providing insight into
the potential roles of
various diet types in
the targeted
prevention against
CVD.
Several studies have
described the 24-hr
energy and
macronutrient intake
of stop-and-go
athletes, relatively
few have involved
youth
and none have
employed direct
observations by
dietitians or
quantified their acute
intake around the
active occasion, i.e.,
14 hr before, during,
and 1 hr after
exercise. It would be
useful to identify
common sports
nutrition shortfalls
among competitive
athletes so that
education can be
targeted to

A total of
39
competitive
athletes (29
male, 10
female)
between 14
and 19
years of
age were
originally
recruited
for
participatio
n in the
study

Duration of
activity (hr)g,
ae (yr), body
mass (kg),
height (cm),
adequacy of
carbohydrate
and protein
intake by sport,

Statistical
analyses were
performed
using SPSS
(version
15.0.1, IBM,
Armonk, NY).

The male athletes

carbohydrate and
protein intake more
closely approximated
recommendations
overall than that of
the female
athletes. The most
common shortfall was
carbohydrate intake
during exercise, as
only 18% of male and
29% of female
athletes consumed
3060 g
carbohydrate/hr
during
practice/competition.

7.

Judul :
Effects of animal
source food and
micronutrient
fortification in
complementary
food products on
body composition,
iron status, and
linear growth: a
randomized trial in
Cambodia
Peneliti :
Jutta KH Skau,
Bunthang Touch,
Chamnan Chhoun,
Mary Chea, Uma S
Unni, Jan Makurat,
Suzanne Filteau,
Frank T Wieringa,
Marjoleine A
Dijkhuizen,
Christian Ritz,
Jonathan C Wells,
Jacques Berger,
Henrik Friis, Kim F
Michaelsen, and
Nanna Roos

appropriate nutrients
and occasions (i.e.,
pre, during, and/or
postexercise).
Poor nutritional
quality of
complementary foods
often limits growth.
Animal source foods,
such as milk or meat,
are often
unaffordable. Local
affordable
alternatives are
needed.

In total, 419
infants
aged 6 mo
were
enrolled in
this
randomized
,
singleblinded
study for 9
mo

anthropometric
variables

Data were
double-entered
in Epidata v.3.1
(The EpiData
Association)
and analyzed
by using STATA
12 for Windows
(StataCorp LP)
and R 2.15 (The
R Foundation)

No difference was
found between the
locally produced
products (WF and WFL) and the CSBs.
Micronutrient
fortification
may be necessary,
and small fish may be
an affordable
alternative to milk to
improve
complementary
foods. The dietary
role of edible spiders
needs to be further
explored.

8.

9.

Judul :
Comparing the
Effect of Oral
Supplementation of
Vitamin E, Injective
Vitamin E and
Selenium or Both
during Late
Pregnancy on
Production and
Reproductive
Performance and
Immune Function
of Dairy Cows and
Calves
Peneliti :
Farokh Kafilzadeh,
Habibollah
Kheirmanesh,
Hamed Karami
Shabankareh,
Mohhamad Reza
Targhibi, Elaheh
Maleki, Mahdi
Ebrahimi, and Goh
Yong Meng
Judul :
Vitamin D
Supplementation
During Pregnancy:
Double-Blind,
Randomized

Most diseases in dairy

cows occur at or just
after calving, which is
a period associated
with immune
suppression, resulting
in an increased
susceptibility to
infections. the total
vitamin E requirement
should be given via
dietary
supplements when
conserved forages are
fed and that extra
supplementation may
be useful during
periods of immune
suppression, such as
around calving.

Sixty
multiparous
Holstein
dairy cows
in late
gestation

Cattles blood
serum, birth
weight,
weaning
weight, body
weight gain,
daily body
weight
Gain,
percentage of
fat

Duncansmultip
le range tests
were used to
test differences
between means
once a
significant
effect of
treatment was
indicated by
ANOVA. All
statistical
analyses were
performed
using SPSS
package 16

Due to the lack of

significant difference
between treatments
and ease of use of
oral supplements, oral
supplementation is
recommended to
replace the injection.
No advantage of oral
supplementation plus
injective vitamin E
compared to either of
them alone could be
due to the sufficiency
of vitamin E in all
treatments.

The need, safety, and

effectiveness of
vitamin D
supplementation
during pregnancy
remain controversial.

494 women
enrolled,
350 women
continued
until
delivery

Race/ethnicity,
maternal age,
gestational age
at enrollment,
educational
and

Chi-square,
ANOVA

There were no
differences between
groups on any
safety measure. Not a
single adverse event
was attributed to

Clinical Trial of
Safety and
Effectiveness
Peneliti :
Bruce W Hollis,
Donna Johnson,
Thomas C Hulsey,
Myla Ebeling, and
Carol L Wagner

10

Judul :

In this randomized,
controlled
trial, women with a
singleton pregnancy
at 12 to 16 weeks
gestation received
400, 2000, or 4000 IU
of vitamin D3 per day
until delivery.
The primary outcome
was
maternal/neonatal
circulating 25hydroxyvitamin D
[25(OH)D]
concentration at
delivery, with
secondary
outcomes of a
25(OH)D
concentration of 80
nmol/L or greater
achieved and the
25(OH)D
concentration
required to achieve
maximal
1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3
[1,25(OH)2D3]
production.
Consumption of

(pregnant)

employment
status, health
rating, planned
pregnancy,
BMI, and
season at
study entry

Twenty-four

Lean Body

vitamin D
supplementation or
circulating 25(OH)D
levels. It is concluded
that vitamin D
supplementation of
4000 IU/d for
pregnant women is
safe and most
effective in achieving
sufficiency in
all women and their
neonates regardless
of race, whereas the
current estimated
average requirement
is comparatively
ineffective
at achieving adequate
circulating 25(OH)D
concentrations,
especially in African
Americans

ANOVA

No detectable

The effects of 8
weeks of whey or
rice protein
supplementation
on body
composition and
exercise
performance
Peneliti :
Jordan M Joy, Ryan
P Lowery, Jacob M
Wilson, Martin
Purpura, Eduardo O
De Souza,
Stephanie MC
Wilson,
Douglas S Kalman,
Joshua E Dudeck
and Ralf Jger

moderate amounts of
animal-derived
protein has been
shown to differently
influence skeletal
muscle hypertrophy
during resistance
training when
compared with
nitrogenous and
isoenergetic amounts
of plant-based protein
administered in small
to moderate doses.
Therefore, the
purpose of the study
was to determine if
the post-exercise
consumption of rice
protein isolate could
increase recovery and
elicit adequate
changes in body
composition
compared to equally
dosed whey protein
isolate if given in
large, isocaloric
doses.

healthy
males (21.3
1.9
years,
76.08 5.6
kg, 177.8
12.3 cm)

mass, Body fat,

Biceps muscle
thickness and
Quadriceps
muscle
thickness

differences were
present in
psychometric scores
of perceived recovery,
soreness, or readiness
to train (p > 0.05).
Significant time
effects were observed
in which lean body
mass, muscle mass,
strength and power
all increased and fat
mass decreased;
however, no condition
by time interactions
were observed (p >
0.05). Both whey and
rice protein isolate
administration post
resistance exercise
improved indices of
body
composition and
exercise performance;
however, there were
no differences
between the two
groups.