BA201 Engineering Mathematic UNIT8 - Cramer's Rule and Inverse Matrix Method

B3001/UNIT8/1
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CRAMERS RULE AND

INVERSE MATRIX METHOD
General Objectives
Unit
To know the different types of matrices and

understand how to apply it on simple algebra problem
solving.
.
Specific Objectives
Upon completing this module, you should be able to:

Obtain linear equation solution using inverse
matrix method.
Obtain linear equation solution using Cramers
Rule.
Prepared by : Nur hidayah Othman
Page 1
B3001/UNIT8/2
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INPUT
8.0
INTRODUCTION
After understanding how to solve the matrices operation, we should be able to solve linear
equation using Cramers Rule and Inverse Matrices Method.
8.1
INVERSE MATRIX METHOD

Consider one set of three equations:
a11x a12 y a13 z b1
a21x a22 y a23 z b2
a31x a32 y a33 z b3
Then, write the equation in a matrix from;
a11 a12 a13 x b1

a21 a22 a23 y = b2
a

31 a32 a33 z b3
a11 a12 a13
If we take the matrix a21 a22 a23 as matrix A and matrix

a
31 a32 a33
x

y as c and matrix
z

b1

b2 as b,
b
3
We can write the above matrix equation as:

Ac = b
And multiply both equation parts with A-1
A-1Ac = A-1b
Page 2
B3001/UNIT8/3
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A-1A will become identity matrix, I.
c = A-1b
x

To obtaine c = y we need to multiply inverse of A with b. Therefore, the key to solve this
z

problem is get the inverse A, which is A-1.
Example 8.1:
Determine the solution for the set of linear equation below:
x + 3y + 3z
= 4
2x 3y 2z
= 2
3x + y + 2z
= 5
Solution:
The first step is write in form matrix equation,

3 x 4
1 3

2 3 2 y = 2
3 1
2 z 5
3
1 3
Take matrix 2 3 2 as A, determine the inverse A,

3 1
2
4 10 11
First of all, determine determinant A , A = -1 and minor A, which is 3 7 8

3 8 9
Page 3
B3001/UNIT8/4
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4 10 11
Then, determine co-factor of A, which is 3 7 8

3
8
9
4 3 3
Next, determine ad joint A, which is 10 7 8

11
8 9
3 3
4
Therefore, inverse of A is 10
7 8
11 8 9
Then,
3 3 4
x 4

7 8 2
y = 10
z 11 8 9 5

x

y =
z

14
15
Therefore, the answer x = 7, y = 14, z = -15
Page 4
B3001/UNIT8/5
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Example 8.2:
Define the solution for the set linear equation below:
3x + 2y - z
= 10
7x y + 6z
= 8
3x + 2z
= 5
Solution:
As in example 7.1 above,

Write the equation in matrix form:
3 2 1 x 10

7 1 6 y = 8
3 0
2 z 5
3 2 1
Determine the inverse of matrix 7 1 6 , which is,

3 0
2
4 11
2
4 9 25
3 6 17
And solve the matrix equation:
x 10

y = 8
z 5

4 11
2
4 9 25
3 6 17
x 3

y = 13
z 7

Therefore, the answer is x = -3, y = 13, dan z = 7

Page 5
B3001/UNIT8/6
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ACTIVITY 8a
8a.1
By using the inverse matrix method, solve the following linear equations:
a)
2x1 -x2 +3x3 =2

x1 +3x2 -x3 =11
2x1 -2x2 + 5x3 =3
b)
x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 = 3
2x1 - x2 - 3x3 = -8
5x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 9
Page 6
B3001/UNIT8/7
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FEEDBACK 8a
8a.1
a)
x1=2
x2=5
x3=3
b) x1=2
x2=-3
x3=5
Page 7
B3001/UNIT8/8
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INPUT
8.2
CRAMERS RULE
Another one method to solve the linear equation using matrix is using the Cramers Rule.
Cramers Rule needs skill to obtained determinant in a matrix.
If we get the matrix equation until here,

a 11 a 12
a 21 a 22
a
31 a 32
a 11 a 12
By take A = a 21 a 22
a
31 a 32
b1
Where, A 1 = b 2
b
3
a 13 x 1 b 1

a 23 x 2 = b 2
a 33 x 3 b 3
a 13
A1
a 23 , we can obtained x 1 =
A
a 33
a 12
a 22
a 32
b1
a 13
a 23
a 33
a 11
A2
See the column b 2 replace to column a 21 in A to obtaine x 2 =
.
A
b3
a 31
a 11 b1
Where, A 2 = a 21 b 2
a
31 b 3
a 13
b1
a 12
a 23 which the column b 2 replace to column a 22 in A

a 33
b3
a 32
Page 8
B3001/UNIT8/9
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And to obtaine x 3 =
A3
A
a 11 a 12
Where, A 3 = a 21 a 22
a
31 a 32
b1
b1
a 13
b 2 and here column b 2 replace to column a 23 in A.

b3
a 33
b 3
Example 8.3:
Solve the following linear equation:
5x - y + 7z = 4
6x - 2y + 9z= 5
2x + 8y 4z= 8
Solution:
Write in matrix equation form:
5 1 7 x 4

6 2 9 y 5
2 8 4 z 8

5 1 7
By take A = 6 2 9
2 8 4
4 1 7
A1 = 5 2 9
8 8 4
A =2
x =
A1
A
44
= 22
2
5 4 7
A2 = 6 5 9
2 8 4
A 1 = 44
y =
A2
A
and
A 2 = -26
26
= 13
2
5 1 4
A3 = 6 2 5
2 8 8
A 3 = -34
dan
z =
A3
A
34
= -17
2
Page 9
B3001/UNIT8/10
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Example 8.4:
Solve the following linear equation:
2x -3y + z = 5
x+y+z = 7
3x 4z = 10
Solution:
Write in matrix equation form:
2 3 1
1
1 1
3 0 4
x 5

y 7
z 10

2 3 1
1
By take A = 1 1
3 0 4
5 3 1
1
A1 = 7 1
10 0 4
A =2
x =
A1
A
44
= 22
2
2 5 1
1
A2 = 1 7
3 10 4
A 1 = 44
y =
A 2 = -26
A2
A
and
2 3 5
A3 = 1 1 7
3 0 10
dan A 3 = -34
26
= 13
2
z =
A3
A
34
= -17
2
Page 10
B3001/UNIT8/11
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ACTIVITY 8b
8b.1
Solve the following linear equation by using the Cramers Rule:
a)
X + 2y - 3z = 3
2x y z = 11
3x + 2y + z = -5
b)
X - 4y - 2z = 21
2x + y + 2z = 3
3x+2y-z=-2
Page 11
B3001/UNIT8/12
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FEEDBACK 8b
8b.1
a)
x=2
y = -4
z = -3
b)
x=3
y = -5
z=1
Page 12
B3001/UNIT8/13
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SELF ASSESMENT
8.1
Solve the following linear equation by using the inverse matrix method:
a) 2i +j + k = 8
5i 3j + 2k =3
7i + j +3k = 20
b) 3x + 2y + 4z = 3
x+y+z=2
2x y + 3z = -3
8.2
Solve the following linear equation by using the Cramers Rule.

a) 4a 5b + 6c = 3
8a 7b 3c = 9
7a 8b + 9c = 6
b) 3x + 2y 2z = 16
4x + 3y + 3z = 2
-2x + y + z = 1
Page 13
B3001/UNIT8/14
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FEEDBACK
8.1
a)
I=2
j =3
k =1
b)
x=1
y=2
z = -1
8.2
a)
a=2
b=1
c=0
b)
x=2
y =1.5
z = -3.5
Page 14

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B3001/UNIT8/1

CRAMERS RULE AND

To know the different types of matrices and

Upon completing this module, you should be able to:

Prepared by : Nur hidayah Othman

equation using Cramers Rule and Inverse Matrices Method.

INVERSE MATRIX METHOD

Then, write the equation in a matrix from;

a11 a12 a13 x b1

a11 a12 a13

If we take the matrix a21 a22 a23 as matrix A and matrix

We can write the above matrix equation as:

Prepared by : Nur hidayah Othman

Determine the solution for the set of linear equation below:

The first step is write in form matrix equation,

Take matrix 2 3 2 as A, determine the inverse A,

First of all, determine determinant A , A = -1 and minor A, which is 3 7 8

Prepared by : Nur hidayah Othman

Then, determine co-factor of A, which is 3 7 8

Next, determine ad joint A, which is 10 7 8

Therefore, the answer x = 7, y = 14, z = -15

Prepared by : Nur hidayah Othman

Define the solution for the set linear equation below:

As in example 7.1 above,

Determine the inverse of matrix 7 1 6 , which is,

And solve the matrix equation:

Therefore, the answer is x = -3, y = 13, dan z = 7

2x1 -x2 +3x3 =2

Prepared by : Nur hidayah Othman

Prepared by : Nur hidayah Othman

If we get the matrix equation until here,

Prepared by : Nur hidayah Othman

a 23 which the column b 2 replace to column a 22 in A

b 2 and here column b 2 replace to column a 23 in A.

Prepared by : Nur hidayah Othman

Write in matrix equation form:

Prepared by : Nur hidayah Othman

Solve the following linear equation by using the Cramers Rule:

Prepared by : Nur hidayah Othman

Prepared by : Nur hidayah Othman

Solve the following linear equation by using the Cramers Rule.

Prepared by : Nur hidayah Othman

Prepared by : Nur hidayah Othman

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BA201 Engineering Mathematic UNIT8 - Cramer's Rule and Inverse Matrix Method

BA201 Engineering Mathematic UNIT8 - Cramer's Rule and Inverse Matrix Method