SMOKE MIST POLEMIC AT BORNEO

Tien Zubaidah and M. Ratodi

Environment Health Postgraduate Airlangga University Surabaya, Indonesia

Corresponding Author: tien_zubaidah@yahoo.co.id

Abstrak
All member of community should paid more attention to air pollution problems regarding air
is a vital and basic element for humans life. If air pollution not immediately handled then it
will causes seriousand negative impact to human health. Forest fireflame incidence as the
consequences of long dry season or Flamming the forest intentionally to fulfill local needs,
like the case in 1997 and 1998 at Borneo and Sumatra island, caused an air pollution problem
that quite apprehensive due the thick smoke produce by these incident has spreaded accros
Indonesias neighbour countries, such as Singapore and Malaysia.
The Central Borneo Forest fireflame incident in August September 2009 is contributed to
the 72,34% increased for Upper Respiratory Infection disease problem during that short
period. This health problem, often strike the children under five years old. It predicted that
the victims will continoue increasing, due the fireflame still continoues.
Forest fireflame smoke pollution has reached danger treshold value, approximally 300-500
mm, and its become the main caused of Upper Respitory Tract Infection Disease in Central
Borneo. Banjarmasin Post (2009), local daily newspaper, has also reported about the
disturbance on school student conditions, wether on respiration or vision ability, during high
smoke density in the air that cause pollution, therefore local government had instructed
temporary day off to all school. This kind of thing can be considered as a major loss for
community itself, as the negative consequences to community education will occurred,
compared with other community that have clean air environment. Other cost that can
emerged from this situation are stagnation of various vital community activities, such as
economic and transportation activities, that direct or indirectly will give their contribution to
the decreased of community state of health.
Keyword : air pollution, forest fireflame, upper respitory tract infection disease

THE IMPACT OF Pb INCREASE ON THE AIR

M. Ratodi and Lenie Marlinae

Environment Health Postgraduate Airlangga University Surabaya, Indonesia

Corresponding Author: mratodi@student.unair.com

Abstrak
Air Pollution is one of global problems. Air pollutant mainly came from fossil fuel burning
process for industrial and transportation energy fulfillment. Visually, air pollution can be seen
as grey air that covering cities. Air pollutant material consist of gas, metal and micro
particles.
Pollution caused by vehicle can even more be felt in big cities. Half air pollution problems
caused by fuel burning process on vehicles. Streetworkers, such as traffic officers and street
musicians are potential victims of this kind pollution. Banjarmasin Health Laboratory Agency
held a simple bloodtest on 85 sample of people that works and do their activities in streetsite,
and the result show positively Pb material contain on their blood. In developing country,
value of Pb in gasoline reached 0,84 gr/lt. A car that used gasoline with Pb, will released 95%
of their Pb into open air and contaminated it. This situations caused the impact on health are
very widely dangerous and have longterm effect.Most of Pb that absorb by human body will
be concentrated on bones. When a person in particular condition, such as stress, Pb will have
remobolization process from the bones into blood vein that leading to potential toxicness
incident.
In city of Banjarmasin street traffic, dominated by motor vehicle, is the major contributor to
air pollution cases. Compare with industrial sectors that only contributed approximately 1015%, gas emission as main source of pollutant given 70% contribution to air pollution cases.
Keyword: air pollution, Pb, health effects

GLOBAL WARMING TOWARD

DENGUE HAEMORRHARGIC FEVER (DHF) PREVALENCE

Lenie Marlinae* and Tien Zubaidah**

*Majoring Public Health on Medical Faculty of Lambung Mangkurat University,

Banjarmasin; **Majoring Environment Health on Banjarmasin Health Polytechnic.
Corresponding Author: zfizoh@yahoo.co.id

Global warming recognized as the increasing of average atmosphere temperature near sea and
land surface for few decade. This temperature and humidity increasing caused extreme
reproduction pattern change over mosquitos behavior and it ability to bite human and animal
also increased. Geographic condition, wide growth of settlements, and earth temperature that
highly increased encourage mosquitos to spreads out of their conventional habitat and
directly straight to higher areas like mountains or hills. They also spread to subtropic areas.
Indonesia with all the factor mentioned before, are also become highly risk of the mosquitos
spread behavior changes.
Indonesia has place it self in second position of world biggest DHF prevalence case after
Thailand. In year 2007, 139.695 DHF cases has allready emerged with 1.397 of them end
with mortality. DHF strike 90% of Indonesian childrens below five years old with 5% CFR.
South Borneo as one of endemic area in Indonesia, has Insident Rate value successively
35,59/100.000 citizen on year 2007, 14,44/100.000 on year 2008, and 11,26/100.000 on year
2009 (januari to september period).
Based on those fact, a significance efforts to minimized and controlled againts DHF spread ,
caused by climate changes, is absolutely needed. It can be achieved and put in action through
community empowerment as the main strategies that leading to DHF extermination, certainly
with full and total support from local government, private sectors and other stakeholders.
Keyword : Global warming, DHF increased, community empowerement