ASSIGNMENT

PROGRAM BSc IT
SEMESTER FIFTH
BT0087, WML and WAP Programming

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Q. No.1Write short note on WAP toolkit software.

ANSWER: The WAP Toolkit Software
The WAP Toolkit software consists of

WML and WML Script encoders

Phone simulators on which to display content
WAP application debugging support
User documentation.

The WAP Toolkit simulates a generic WAP mobile phone (you can choose from two models), later
referred to as user agent. A WAP user agent is similar to a web browser with the distinction that in the
WAP environment Uniform Resources Locators (URLs) are requested is sent to a web server via a WAP
Gateway. The web server (also called an "origin server" because content originates with it) contains WML
and WML Script content.
Having received the request for this content, the web server sends it to the WAP Gateway, which encodes
it into binary form (to reduce its size). The WAP Gateway then transmits the encoded content to the
requesting mobile phone. The content received by the phone is optimized for small displays.

WML is based on the Extensible Markup Language (XML) and was developed by the Wireless
Application Protocol (WAP) Forum for specifying content and the user interface for narrow and devices
such as mobile phones.
WML Script can be used to add client side procedural logic to WML cards and decks. The language is
based on ECMA Script, but has been modified to better support low band with devices such as mobile
phones. You can use WML Script along with WML to provide intelligence to the client, or you can use it
as a stand-alone tool.
The WAP toolkit provides tools for creating services on the WAP platform. It includes the following
components:
The WAP Toolkit application for Windows NT 4.0, Windows 95, and Windows 98, which simulates
the behavior of WML and WML script, allows you to create, edit and debug WML and WML Script
services.
The simulation client includes the following components:
WML Script interpreter and WML Script libraries
WAP phone simulations
WML and WML Script encoders Compiled
WML, WML Script, and WBMP editors
WAP Protocol Stack, HTTP and file access modules
Debugging views
WAP Server Simulator for devices that require a connection to a WAP Gateway
WAP Push Simulator. (Blueprint phone simulation only)
An installation utility and practical WML example applications and source code. You can use these
samples as a starting point for creating your own services.
XML library that you can use to construct valid WML documents for use by server-side components,
or for general use. The library only allows you to create valid content as validated by the standard DTD
for WML 1.1.
User documentation in Adobe PDF format, this guide, a Developer's Guide, and a Designer's Guide.
The components of the WAP Toolkit software can be divided into three main categories discussed below:
Phone simulations

The phone simulations are on-screen images of phones that have functional displays and keys for
navigating and entering data. There are two phone simulations: a simulation of the actual 7110 phone and
a Java-based Blueprint phone simulation, which has no real-world counterpart.
Editors
The toolkit provides editors for convenience in developing WAP applications. There are four editors a
WML Deck editor, a WML Script editor, a Push Message editor, and a WBMP graphics editor. The editor
interface also provides an easy means to compile the textual source code into binary data for display on
the phone simulation.
Debugging aids
The Toolkit provides several tab views with in its main window. Some of these views are used for editing,
while others provide information for debugging. These latter views include the history view, sessions
view, and variables view.

2 What is WML input field? Explain WML password input field.

ANSWER:
Input fields are used to obtain alphanumeric data from users. The <input/> tag is used to create input
fields. Lets first take a look at the following WML example. Then we will mention about some of the
commonly used attributes of the <input> element.

WML Password Input Fields

The type attribute is another useful attribute of the <input> element. Its value can be either text (default
value) or password. If the value of the type attribute is text, the characters in the input field will be visible;
if you change it to password, all characters in the input field will be displayed as asterisks (*). Note that
data in password input fields will not be transmitted in a more secure way than that in ordinary input
fields. The following WML example demonstrates how to create a password input field:
<?xml

version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE

wml

PUBLIC

"-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.3//EN"

"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml13.dtd"> <wml> <card id="card1" title="Password Input Fields">

<p> Please login before reading our WML tutorial.<br/><br/> User Name: <input type="text"
name="name" maxlength="16" value="Jack"/><br/> Password: <input type="password" name="passwd"
maxlength="10" value="abc"/> </p> </card> </wml>

3 Explain Naming convention for WML Scripts and Characteristics of the functions in WML
scripts.
ANSWER:
Naming convention for WMLScripts
In WMLScript, function names must be started with a letter or an underscore character. The rest of the
characters can be letters, numbers, or underscores. Special characters other than the underscore are not
permitted. You cannot use WMLScript reserved words and keywords as function names. Remember that
WMLScript is case-sensitive. The names wmlscript_function and WMLScript_Function refer to two
different functions.
Here are some examples of valid function names:
wmlscriptFunction
_wmlscript_function
wmlscript_function1
wmlscript_1st_function
WMLSCRIPT_FUNCTION
And, here are some examples of invalid function names:
1st_wmlscript_function (Reason: you cannot start a function name with a number)
11111 (Reason: You cannot start a function name with a number)
wmlscript-function (Reason: The - character is not permitted)
~wmlscript_function (Reason: The ~ character is not permitted)
Characteristics of the functions
The characteristics of the functions in WML Script are mentioned below
Function declarations cannot be nested.
Function names must be unique within one compilation unit.
All parameters to functions are passed by value.
Function calls must pass exactly the same number of arguments to the called function as specified in
the function declaration.
Function parameters behave like local variables that have been initialized before the function body
(block of statements) is executed.
A function always returns a value. By default, it is an empty string (" ").
However, you can use a return statement to specify other return values.

A function in WMLScript is defined using the following format. The parts enclosed inside brackets [] are
optional.

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