E2-E3/E&WS/NIB Overview

Rev date: 01-04-2011

E2-E3:ENTERPRISE & WHOLESALE

CHAPTER-5
NIB OVERVIEW
Date of Creation:01-04-2011

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National Internet Backbone (NIB) Overview

1.0.Introduction:
Core of BSNLs Broadband service is National Internet Backbone (NIB). NIB is a
mission to build world-class infrastructure to help accelerate the Internet revolution in
India. It has following features:
1.
It provides a diversified range of Internet access services including support for
VPN (Layer-2, Layer-3 and Dialup and Broadband services)
a.
Virtual Private Network(VPN) Services

Layer2 MPLS VPN Services

Ethernet over MPLS

PPP over MPLS

VPLS(Virtual Private LAN Service)

Layer 2 any to any interworking

b.
Layer 3 MPLS VPN Services

Intranet, Extranet Services

c.
Managed customer premises Equipment (CPE) Services
d.
Internet Access Services

Dialup access services

Leased access services-IP-VPN /MPLS-VPN based

Digital Subscriber Line(DSL) access services

Direct Ethernet access services

e.
Broad Band Services

Broadcast TV using IP Multicasting service

Multicast video streaming services

Interactive Distant learning using IP multicasting Services

Video on demand

Interactive gaming service

2.
Messaging Services-Email, FTP etc
3.
Web Hosting & content Hosting
4.
Internet Data Centre Services at Bangalore, Delhi etc.
5.
Value Added Services

Encryption Services

Firewall Services

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Multicast Services

Network Address Translation (NAT) Service that will enable private users to
access public networks
6.
It also offers SLA(Service Level Agreement) Reports including security, QoS
(quality of service) and any to any connectivity.
7.
Offers fully managed services to customers.
8.
It offers services like bandwidth on demand etc. over the same network.
9.
The network is capable of on-line measurement and monitoring of network
parameters such as latency, packet loss, jitter and availability so as to support
SLAs with customers
2.0. NIB-Projects have been implemented in different projects:
Name of Project

Description

NIB-I (1997)
MPLS PILOT Project
(2002)

10 city based PILOT project based on MPLS-VPN having Juniper

routers

NIB-II
(2004)

Project 1

MPLS based IP Infrastructure (The backbone consisting of Core &

Edge Routers) in 71 cities initially+ (NMS) + (PMS)
(Assigned to STP) Vendor- HCL infosystems

Project 2.1

Narrowband Access (Dialup Remote Access) (Assigned to MH Circle)

(71 cities) Vendor-UTStarcom

Project 2.2

Broadband Access(DSL Access) Gateway Platform(Assigned to

Karnataka Circle) (198 cities initially) vendors Huwaei &
UTStarcom

Project 3

Services Platform consisting of Provisioning, Billing, Messaging,

Customer care & Data Centres, Storage, Security, Order Management,
Management, AAA, Help Desk and Inventory Management. (Assigned
to BB Networks Circle)

Broadband Multiplay
(2006)

Augmentation of NIB-II Project 2.2 services and elements. (Assigned

to Karnataka Circle)vendors UtstarCom(Dec2006), Siemens, ZTE,
HFCL etc

Rural
(2007)

Project based on requirement of rural areas(Assigned to Karnataka

Circle). vendors ZTE, Siemens etc.

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Broadband

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3.0. NIB-1
1.
Started in 1997
2.
6-Core Routers(A1-connected by 34 mbps)
3.
fully meshed (A1 & A2 Cisco 7513-TierI)
4.
8 A2 Routers-dual home to A1 by 4x2mbps
5.
B routers (Cisco 7507 in tier II) dual homed to A2 and B/AI through 2x2mbps
6.
CI,CII,CIII RAS cum Router by nx64kbps, usually single link to B or A. Cisco
AS 5800 Access Server (AAA)
7.
LAN Switch Catalyst Cisco 5500
8.
Servers-DNS,Billing,Proxy,Mail,FTP etc.
9.
E3(34 Mbps) gateway to VSNL at A1
10.
Help Desk at A(3 no) and B(1 No)locations
4.0 MPLS Pilot Project
1.
MPLS VPN network -10 cities
2.
Juniper Provider (P )Router M40e, Provider Edge (PE) M20.
3.
P or Core router connectivity at 5 cities Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bangalore &
Chennai.
4.
PE or Edge router acts customer network interface with core routers.
5.
Customer Edge Router (CER) uses leased connection extended through VMUX
hops through various cities to reach PE .
5.0 NIB II Project 1: MPLS Core:Network Core Architecture
The cities in India have been classified in six types namely A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2.
Important aspects are given below:
1.
A1 5 Core cities
a.
Bangalore, Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkatta
b.
Mesh connected
2.
A2/A3 3&6= 9 next level core cities
a.
Pune, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Ernakulam, Lucknow, Jaipur, Indore,
Jullundur, Patna
3.
A4 10 Major cities
4.
B1-21, B2-26= 47 other cities
5.
A1 city core routers are fully meshed between locations on STM-16

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Fig: A1 POP IP MPLS Network

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

BSNL, India

IGW International Gateway Router Connectivity to Internet is through this

router
IXP Internet Exchange Point ISPs connect each other through this router
IDC Internet Data Center for connecting to BSNL Data Centers
B1 and B2 cities have only EDGE routers.
All Core locations also have edge routers
Primary Network Operating center at Bangalore and Disaster Recovery is at Pune

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Fig: Core router connectivity diag for A cities

Fig: Router connectivity diagram

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6.0. NIB2 Expansion and Year 2 Order Overview

1.
29 locations added which makes the total to 100
2.
Core backbone is getting aligned to BSNL Transmission (DWDM) network
3.
24 City core network increased to 29
4.
All 29 city core network links are STM-16 (ie STM1 connectivity of A4 cities
will be upgraded to STM16)
5.
New 5 Cities are Belgaum, Dehradun, Rajkot, Jodhpur, Jabalpur

Fig: NIB II Generalised Node Layout for A Cities

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7.0.NIB II-Project 2.2 Broad Band Access Network

Fig: NIB II Project 2.2 Generalised layout

SSSS/SSSC (Subscriber Service Selection System/ Centre)

Servers for AAA (Authentication, authorization & Accounting), LDAP

(Lightweight directory access protocol) at NOC.

Provisioning and configuration management at NOC.

BRAS: A Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS) routes traffic to and from the
digital subscriber line access multiplexers (DSLAM) on an Internet service.

First intelligent device in the whole chain. It terminates the customer (PPP)
session, authenticates, allots IP addresses and keeps track of user session for
billing alongwith RADIUS (Remote Access Dial in User Service).

It acts as an edge router for BB ADSL customers as well as VPN traffic. IT

carries out protocol conversions(labeling)

BRAS will be installed in all the A sites. In bigger cities like A1, A2, A3 and A4,
one BBRAS per city will be deployed initially.

There will be no BBRAS at B1 and B2 cities.

The DSLAMs in B1.B2 and other lower hierarchical cities will be aggregated
through Layer 2 switches, and will be connected to the nearest BBRAS of A cities
on Ethernet over SDH.

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The BRAS shall terminate the PPP sessions initiated by the customer and extend
the connection further to MPLS VPN/ Internet as desired by the customer.
Tier I/II Switch: Gigabit and Fast Ethernet Aggregation Switches (LAN Switches).For
aggregating multiple DSLAM and providing a common uplink upto BRAS.

Tier II LAN switch. The traffic from DSLAMs is aggregated by Tier II switches
and is then further extended to Tier I switch. The connectivity is on FE/GE.

Tier I LAN switch, also called Giga bit aggregating switch, aggregates traffic
from Tier II switches & connects it to BRAS

Distance limit between DSLAM and Tier-II switch and Tier-II to Tier-I switch is
10 Km and 40 Km respectively with dark fibre.
DSLAM: Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer. Specifically, a device that takes a
number of ADSL subscriber line and concentrates these .

The DSLAMs will in general be collocated with existing PSTN exchanges which
provide last mile access to customers over copper

DSLAM has a built in splitter which splits voice and data.

DSLAMs of different capacities viz 48 ports,128 ports upto 480 ports etc & are
aggregated towards Tier II LAN switch using FE/GE on dark fiber.
CPE: Customer Premises Equipment - Any equipment provided by the customer at their
premises. The technology used in Broadband via copper media is called DSL (Digital
Subscriber Line). Some ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) variants are as
under

BSNL, India

ADSL Variant

Standard

Year

Data
Rates
(Download)

ADSL

G.992.1

June 1999

Upto 8Mb/s

ADSL2

G.992.3

July 2002

Upto 12Mb/s

ADSL2+

G.992.5

May 2003

Upto 26Mb/s

The ADSL transmit signal consist of a large number ( up to 256) of sub-carrier

located at spacing of 4.3125 Khz.
The channel 0 (0-4khz) is for POTS , Channel 1-5 are not used to avoid
interference between voice and data.
POTS Channel are separated by a POTS splitter

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Upstream/Downstream channels separated by either FDM using LPF/HPF or a

combination of FDM and echo cancellation . Echo cancellation improves the BW
throughput in the downstream.

Chl 6-32 (30<f<138Khz) for uplink & Chl 33-256 (138<f<1104Khz) for
downlink

GBIC: Gigabit Interface Converter; a Fiber Channel optical or copper transceiver that is
easily swapped to offer a flexible choice of copper or fiber optic media.

The FX or GBIC module in DSLAM and LAN switch capable of driving upto
10km on a single mode fibre.

The SX or GBIC module in LAN Switch used for connecting Tier2 to Tier1 will
support 40km.
8.0 Broadband Multiplay
Broadband Multi-Play focuses on the augmentation of Broadband Access Network with
planned capacity of more than 6 millions supporting multi-play services like Video on
Demand, IP TV, VoIP, VPN service etc with guaranteed control of critical parameters
like latency, throughput, jitter to ensure high grade delivery of real time service, near real
time, non real time and best effort
Some of the Enhancements are done in following segments as against NIB-II Project 2.2

Access-ADSL2+,VDSL2,SHDSL, wifi and FTTH and DSLAMs

Core

Distribution/Aggregation-RPR,BNG(Broadband Network Gateway)

Services Offered through Multiplay:

DATA BASED

High Speed Internet access .

VPNs

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VIDEO BASED

IP TV BROADCAST

VIDEO ON DEMAND- (Most Expensive to provide)

Bandwidth on demand (User based / Service based)

Conferencing

VOICE BASED

VOIP & NGN based

Bandwidth requirement upto 480P DSLAM:

Broadband traffic: 480 x 100 kbps = 50 Mbps

VoD Traffic MPEG 4 (2 Mbps per Channel). 25% of the total customer with 40%
concurrency = 200 Mbps

IPTV for 150 Channels with MPEG2 encoding (4 Mbps per channel)= 600 Mbps
Total bandwidth required
= 850 Mbps
Thus 1+1 GE is sufficient for upto 480P DSLAM
For 960P: 2+2 GE is taken

Fig: Broadband Multiplay architecture in A Cities

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Fig: Broadband Multiplay architecture in other Cities

RPR: RPR stands for Resilience Packet Ring

It combines the best of both worlds- Resilience and performance of SDH rings &
Traffic flexibility of Ethernet based packet networks

Resiliency: 50 msec switchover

Better bandwidth efficiency

Spatial Re-use

Statistical Multi Plexing

Better protection mechanism avoids wastes of resources.

Quality of service (QoS)

3 traffic classes are supported, assuring that low latency services such as
voice and video are always given preferential treatment

Better Fairness

Available bandwidth on the ring is distributed to all contributing source

stations

Dynamic process reacting on actual traffic conditions

9.0 NIB II Project 3
Broad scope of NIB II Project 3 are as under

OSS (Operations support system) for NIB-2 Project for:

Service Fulfillment

Service Assurance

Service Billing

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Unified Security Framework for the OSS

Automate the Business Processes

MSS(Messaging Support System): to set up Network Elements for offering

Messaging with Anti-Virus and Anti-Spam

Instant Messaging

Web-Hosting & Web-Co-location Services

Unified Prepaid/AAA Solution for IP Services

BSS(Billing Support System): for common billing for landline and broadband
customers
Value addition through NIB II Project 3 are as under

Service Bundling

Ability to offer innovative services

Unified View of IP based Services (Pre & Postpaid)

Single Window Service Provisioning for IP based services

Automated End to End Provisioning

Tracking Leads Prospects Customers

Unified Support across services

Unified Billing for IP Services

Expansion is a continuous process hence many new sites/services are keeps on getting
added/upgraded.

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Chapter 5: NIB Overview

Sample Self study Objective Type Questions
1.

What is full form of NIB

a.
National Internet Backbone
b.
National Intranet Backbone
c.
National International Backbone
d.
Nationalised Internet Bank

2.

The sequence of elements of broadband

a.
CPE,DSLAM, Tier II, Tier I,BRAS
b.
DSLAM, CPE ,Tier II, Tier I,BRAS
c.
CPE,DSLAM, BRAS ,Tier II, Tier I
d.
CPE, BRAS ,DSLAM, Tier II, Tier I,

3.

In ADSL Channel 0 is used for

a.
POTS
b.
Upstream
c.
Downstream
d.
No use

4.

What is objective of NIB II Project 2.1

a.
MPLS backbone
b.
Broadband access Gateway
c.
Narrowband Access Gateway
d.
Broadband Multiplay

5.

Primary Data centre is located at which place

a.
Pune
b.
Delhi
c.
Mumbai
d.
Bangalore

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6.

A1 Cities are connected into

a.
Mesh
b.
Star
c.
Ring
d.
Liner

7.

What is full form of AAA

a.
Authentication,
b.
Authorization
c.
Accounting,
d.
All above

8.

Distance limit between DSLAM and Tier-II switch with dark fibre is
a.
10km
b.
40km
c.
130km
d.
None

9.

Splitter function is performed at

a.
DSLAM
b.
Splitter before CPE
c.
Both
d.
None

10.

What is full form of ADSL

a.
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
b.
Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line
c.
Asynchronous Data Subscriber Line
d.
Asymmetric Data Service Line

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