8/14/2014

KALYAN SIR: ROCK SYSTEM

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ROCK SYSTEM

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ROCK SYSTEM:

Rocks are a type of minerals.

Rocks are the solid substances that are present in the interior surface of the earth.

Minerals: Earth composed of various kinds of elements. Mineral has definite

composition and a definite atomic structure.

98% of earth crust is composed of 8 elements.

v Oxygen
v Silicon
v Aluminum
v Iron
v Calcium

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KALYAN SIR: ROCK SYSTEM

v Sodium
v Potassium
v Magnesium

When elements are combined they are called Minerals.

Element + element = Minerals
The basic source of all minerals is magma in the earth.
When magma cools down the minerals occur in sequence called Rocks.
Mineral + Mineral = Rock
Rocks may be hard (granite) or soft (sandstone).
Rocks may be of different colors. (Gabbro Black and Quartz milky white).
The rocks are of 3 types depending on their origin, structure or chemical properties.

Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

IGNEOUS ROCKS:

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IGNEOUS ROCK

Ignis means Fire.

When the molten magma cools it becomes solid.
These are called igneous rocks.
The igneous rocks are forming since the formation of the earth.
These were the first to be formed.
These are called
v Primary rocks.
Or
v Parent rocks.
Or
v Volcanic rocks.
Or
v Massive rocks.
By erosion the igneous rock becomes sedimentary.
Due to heat and pressure these are transformed into metamorphic rocks.
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Fossils are not found in the igneous rocks.

What are fossils?
Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants and other organisms from
the remote past.
The igneous rocks are of two types.

o Intrusive rocks
And
o Extrusive rocks
Intrusive Rocks:

When the magma cools and becomes solid in the crust itself then it is intrusive rocks.
The Granite and Dolomite are the examples for intrusive igneous rocks.
Extrusive Rocks:

If the magma solidifies after extruding to the surface then it is called extrusive rocks.
These are also known as volcanic rocks
The Basalt rock is an example for extrusive rocks.
(Note: The Deccan Plateaus are formed by the Basalt rocks).

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS:
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SEDIMENTARY ROCK

The word sedimentary means settling.

Sometimes because of the external pressures the rocks roll down hit each other and
carried away to the different places and are called sediments.
When these come together to form a big rock it is called sedimentary rocks.
These are also called secondary rocks.
The sedimentary rocks are also called stratified rocks as they are deposited in the
distinct layers
The Sand Stone, Coal and Lime Stone are the example for sedimentary rocks.
The Himalayan foot hills are formed by the sedimentary rocks.
The sedimentary rocks occupy 3/4th of the earths surface.
The fossils are found in sedimentary rocks.
(As we discussed) they are formed form the organic matter derived from the plant or
animal remains.
The oil and petroleum is extracted from the organic matter trapped between the layers of
sedimentary rocks.

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METAMORPHIC ROCKS:

METAMORPHIC ROCK

Metamorphic means change of form.

Under great heat and pressure the igneous and sedimentary rocks change to
metamorphic rocks.

Examples:
v Coal changes into Graphite
v

Lime stone changes into

Marble

v Clay change into slate

v Granite changes into Gnesis

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