8/15/2014

KALYAN SIR: AGRICULTURE IN INDIA

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AGRICULTURE IN INDIA
KALYANSIR.NET

In India about 64 per cent of labor force depends upon agriculture.

Indian agriculture is a largely subsistence type.
The subsistence type of agriculture implies that the farmer grows crops for his household
necessities and there is no surplus output which is marketable.
The pressure of population on the land is so enormous that larger part of the production is
consumed.
RICE:

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This is a Kharif crop.

This is sown in May-June and harvested in SeptOct.
The rice contributes 45 percent of the total area.
The rice contributes 44 percent of the total production in India.

The cultivation of rice is most common in UP, MP, interior Maharashtra, Haryana,
Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab.

The winter (Rabi) Rice is sown in June-July and harvested in Nov-Dec.

This contributes 50 percent of total area and 48.7% of the total production.

WHEAT (TRITICUM VULGARE)

This is a common crop in the alluvial soils of Indo-Gangatic plains.

The major part of Indian wheat is common bread wheat.
Emmer (Triticum Dicocum) wheat is produced in Karnataka, T.N, and Maharashtra.
Indian dwarf wheat is produced in limited areas of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

JUTE:

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Raw jute comprises jute and mesta fibers.

Jute fiber is obtained from Corchorus Capsularis L (white jute) and Corchorus Capsularis L
(Tossa Jute).
Mesta fiber is obtained from Hibiscus Sabdariffa Varaltissima and H.Connabinus L.

TOBACCO:

The states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Gujarat are the major tobacco producing
states.
Cigarette tobacco is grown in deep black, non-irrigated soil.
A large quantity of cigarette tobacco is exported from Kakinada port.
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka are the major Beedi Tobacco producing state.
Beedi tobacco is raised as Kharif crop.
Hooka Tobacco is produced mainly in Bihar and Punjab.

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SUGARCANE:

South India has advantage in sugarcane as it reflects the best suited tropical conditions and
a longer period of crushing almost twice over the north.
Cost of manufacturing sugar in India is high due low yield and short crushing period as in
North Indian plains.
Its cultivation in South India is confined to those areas where irrigation is available.

TEA:
Assam tea is grown on flat and alluvial bands on either side of the Brahmaputra river and in
the region south of Assam hills like in Cachar.
In West Bengal the tea is cultivated in Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri.
Darjeeling tea has good flavor and so fetches high price.

In South India Annamalai Hills, Hassan and Chikmangalur districts of Karnataka,

Kottoyam, Quilon and Trivandrum districts of Kerala are the major tea producing areas.

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Dehradun district of Uttaranchal & Dharmasala in Kangra districts of Himachal Pradesh

also produces some amount of tea.

MANGO:

Important varieties of mangos are Alphanso of Maharashtra, Banganapalli of Andhra,

Dashehari and Langra of Uttar Pradesh, Malda of West Bengal.
Largest acreage of mango is in Uttar Pradesh.
Other important mango producing regions are Bihar (second largest producer) Andhra
Pradesh, West Bengal, Orissa, Tamil Nadu and coastal Maharashtra.

GRAPES:

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Anab-e-Shahi, is the well-known Indian variety of grapes and its productivity is highest in
India.
Main grapes producing areas of India are Coorg district of Karnataka, Wynad in Kerala;
Nilgiri in Tamil Nadu, Khasi, Jantiya and Lushai hills in Meghalaya; Pune, Nasik, Sholapur,
Songli, Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra; Himachal Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh.
Green Revolution:
The invention of dwarf variety of wheat by Norman Borlaug of Mexico and its introduction
in 1963 in India augmented a new era of agricultural revolution.
Later this was termed as green revolution.
In India it started after 1968.
The green revolution aimed at disseminating technical knowhow, credit & agricultural
technology to step up agricultural production in selected seven districts namely Shahebad
(Bihar), Tanjavur (Tamil Nadu), Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh), West Godavari (Andhra Pradesh),
Ludhiyana (Punjab), Rajpur (Madhya Pradesh) and Pali (Rajasthan)

MAJOR HIGH YIELD VARIETIES (HYV):

Rice:

Raichung Native 1, 1R-8 Ratna, Jaya, Sabarmati, Jamuna, Pankaj, Jagannath,

IR-20,
Wheat:

Lerma-Rojo, PV-18, Sonora-64, Sonalika, Kalyan-Sona, Chhoti-larma, HD-

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2285, WL-711,HD-2009, DWL-5023, PDW-215, CDW.

Maize:
Ganga, Ranjeet, Himalaya-123, Jawahar, Sona, Vikram, Vijay, Sartaj,
Deccan-705 Deccan-108, Trishulata, Prabhat, Novjot, Arun, Kiran, Suwan.
Cotton:
Jute:

Shankar-4, Shankar-6, MCU-5,LRA,MECH, DCH-32, Surin, Hybrid-4&6.

Nonsoong, Bz2 Bz22 Kenaf C-108, Everglade-71, CPI-07891, PI-

468409,TRC-212, JRC-321, JRC-7447, JRC-4444, Padma, JRO-632 & 878.

Sugarcane:

Co-205, Co-290, Co-312, Co-313, Co-527, BO-10, BO-11, COJ-64, Co-

7717.
Rubber:

Rill-105

Coffee:

Old Chicks, Coorgs, Kents, S-228, S-795.

Cashew nut: Jhargram-1, Bhubaneswar-1, BPP-4, BPP-6, Vengurla 1&4, VRI-1&2, Ullal1&2 Selection-1&2, K-22-1, Madakkathara 1 and 2.
Sorghum:

CSH1, CSH-5, CSH 9, CS10, CSH 11, Swarna.

AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTES:
Indian Council of Agriculture.......................................................... New Delhi
Dairy Research Institute........................................................ Karnal (Haryana)
Indian Botnical Survey................................................. Kolkata (West Bengal)
Jute Research Institute............................................... Bairakpur (West Bengal)
Goat Research Institute.............................................. Mathura (Uttar Pradesh)
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Sugarcane Research Institute.................................. Luck now (Uttar Pradesh)

Bee Research Institute....................................................... Pune (Maharashtra)
Cotton Research Institute............................................. Mumbai (Maharashtra)
Poultry Training Institute.............................................. Bangalore (Karnataka)
Silk Research Institute....................................................... Mysore (Karnataka)
Coffee Research Institute..................................... Chickmanglur (Karnataka)
Leather Research Institute ............................................ Chennai (Tamil Nadu)
Potato Research Institute...................................... Shimla (Himachal Pradesh)
Tea Research Institute............................................................... Jorhat (Assam)
Rubber Research Institute.................................................... Kottayam(Kerala)
Tobacco Research Institute........................... Rajahmundry (Andhra Pradesh)
Rice Research Institute ............................................................ Cuttak (Orissa)
International Centre for Plantation............................... Bangalore (Karnataka)
National Research Institute for Spices..................................... Calicut (Kerala)
Indian Dairy Corporation........................................................ Anand (Gujarat)

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
India has the largest number of cattle in the world.
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In 1998-99, India account for about 20% of the world's total number of cattle and over 43
per cent of the total livestock population of India.

Milch Breeds:
Gir, Sindhi, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, Tharpakar and Deoni are some of the outstanding breeds
of milch cattle.
The Gir is a native of Saurashtra.

GIR

Sindhi breed is mainly raised in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Maharashtra.

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SINDHI

Red Sindhi hails from Sind region of Pakistan.

Sahiwal breed has its origin in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi.
The Deoni breed is widely in north western and western parts of Andhra Pradesh.

Drought Breeds:
Nagori Bauchaur, Kankatha, Malvi, Kherigarh, Hallikar, Khillari, Amritmahal, Kanhaya,
Ponwar, Bargur and Siri are some of the famous drought breeds.
Bagori breed is a native of Jodhpur and is found in large parts of Rajsthan, Haryana, Uttar
Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
The Bauchaur breed is mainly found in Bihar.
The Malvi is largely concentrated in the dry western parts of Madhya Pradesh.
The Kenkatha or Kenwariya breed hails from Banda district of Uttar Pradesh.
Siri breed grows well in the hilly areas of Darjeeling and Sikkim.

Dual Purpose Breeds:

Cattle of these breeds are used both for milk and drought purpose.
The cows are fairly good yielders of milk while bullocks are good for drought.
Tharparkar, Haryan, Mewati, Kankrej, Rath, Nimari, Dangi, Goalao, Krishna Valley and
Ongole and important breeds of this category.
The Tharparkar breed hails from the Sind province of Pakistan and is found in large parts
of Gujarat and Rajasthan.

Exotic Breeds:
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Some of the high milk yields of exotic breeds have been developed in India.
Some foreign breeds and new breeds called cross breed have been developed.
Some of the important exotic breeds are Jersey, Holstein, Friesian, Swiss-Brown, Guernsey,
German Feleckvich and Ayres hire.

BUFFALOES:

India's buffalo population was 83.5 million in 1992.

This is about 50% the buffaloes of the world.
The Murrah, Bhadawari, Jaffarabadi, Surti, Meshana, Nagpuri and Nili Ravi are among the
important breeds.
SHEEP:

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Indian sheep population stands in the world after Australia, Russia, China, Argentina and
New Zealand.
Most of the Indian sheep are of poor quality yielding inferior wool in less quantity.

GOATS:

Goat is called the poor man's cow because it can be cheaply reared on meager grass of poor
quality.
It is the major supplier of mutton along with milk, hair and skins.
The Himayala or Angora goat which is also known as the Chamba, Gaddi, Chegu or
Kashmiri breeed is reared in Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh.
The Pashmina reared in Kashmir and Kulu valley is world renowned for its pashmina fur
known as Mohair.
Among the other breeds are the Beetal of Punjab, of the Marwari, Mehsana, Kathiwar and
Zalwadi of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh and the Barari, Surti and Deccani of the
Peninsular India.
Some important foreign breeds Alpine, Nubain, Saanen, Toggenberg and Angora.

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