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KALYAN SIR: INDIAN RIVER SYSTEM

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INDIAN RIVER SYSTEM

KALYANSIR.NET
THE INDIAN RIVER SYSTEMS:
According to the size of the rivers the Indian rivers may be classified as:
MAJOR RIVERS:
These are the rivers with catchment area of over 20,000 sq km.
There are 14 such basins, having high rainfall (i.e., 63 million cum per 100 sq km)
MEDIUM RIVERS:
These are the rivers with a catchment area of 2,000 - 20,000 sq km.
In India 44 rivers fall in this category.
These rivers receive a medium rainfall (i.e., 45 million cum per 100 sq km)
MINOR RIVERS:
These are the rivers with a catchment area of less than 2,000 sq km.
There are a large number of such rivers.
These have low rainfall (i.e., 25 million cum per 100 sq. km.)
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On the basis of their origin, the river systems of the Indian subcontinent can be divided into
two classes
The Himalayan Rivers
The Peninsular Rivers.
The Himalayan Rivers

The Himalayan Rivers fall into four broad groups.

The Pre Himalayan Rivers like the Arun, Indus, the Satluj and the Brahmaputra.
The Great Himalayan Rivers like the Ganga, Kali, the Ghagra, Gandak and Teesta.
The Lesser Himalayan Rivers like Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum.
The Shiwalik Rivers like the Hindon and the Solani.
The Indus river system it is one of the worlds largest river systems.

INDUS RIVER SYSTEM

The Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) The Indus River is the western most of the Himalayan rivers.
Famous peaks on banks of Indus are Masherbrum, Nanga Parbat, Rakaposhi, Tirich Mir,
rising in Tibet (Near the Mansarovar Lake).
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At Attock, it receives the Kabul tributary flowing in from Afghanistan and then flows due
South.
Below Attock, the Haroh and Sohan (Soan) rivers join the Indus. It falls into the Arabian
Sea near Karachi.
There are five Indus tributaries

Jhelum

Chenab

Ravi

Beas

Sutlej
THE JHELUM:

The ancient name of Jhelum river is Vitasta.

The River Jhelum Rises in Verinag at the foot of the Pir Panjal range.
It enters the Wular Lake.

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WULAR LAKE

Below Srinagar it is joined by the Sind River.

The Jhelum is an important river in Kashmir for it is the main waterway.
THE CHENAB:
The ancient name of Chenab is Askini.

CHENAB RIVER

The Askini or Chenab River is also called Chandrabhaga.

The Chenab River is the largest of the Indus tributaries.
The two tributaries at the source are Chandra and Bhaga which rise on the opposite sides
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of Bara lapcha Pass in Lahul.

They join at Tandi and then flow through Chamba state.
THE RAVI:
The ancient name of the River Ravi is Parushni.

The River Ravi or Parusini is also called Iravati.

The River Ravi is the smallest river of Punjab.
This is also known as the river of Lahore.
The River Ravi raises near the Rohatang Pass in the Kulu hills of Himachal Pradesh.
THE BEAS:
The ancient name of the River Beas is Vipas.

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The River Beas or the Vipas is also called Argikiya.

The River Beas rises on the southern face of the Rohatang Pass in Kulu Hills.
This is not far from the source of the River Ravi.
The Beas cuts through the Dhauladhar range then flows through Kulu, Mandi and Kangra.
THE SUTLEJ:
The ancient name of the River Sutlej is Satudri.

The River Satudri is also called Satudru.

The River Sutlej is the most important of the Indus tributaries in India.
The Sutlej rises from the Rakas Lake in Tibet at a height of 4,630 m.
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The River Sutlej in Tibet is called Langchen Khambab.

THE SARASWATI:
The River Saraswati rises in the Shiwalik Hills of Sirmur on the borders of the Ambala
district and enters the plains of Adhbadri.
The River Saraswati disappears in the sands after passing by Bhawanipur.
The river Saraswati is also called the Hakra or Sotar.
The Saraswati has been described in Vedic literature as a river greater even than the Indus
and the Ganges.
THE GANGA:
The Ganga or Ganges River System is Indias most important river system.

The upper course of Ganga is popularly known as Bhagirathi.

The Gangotri glacier of Gomukh is considered as the source of this river.
Another stream from the Alaka glacier flowing southward is known as Alakananda.
The Ganga is formed by these two head streams when they meet at Devaprayag.
In Bangladesh the Ganga river is known as Padma.
THE YAMUNA:
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The Yamuna River rises at the Yamunotri glacier.

The important tributaries are Chambal, Sind, Betwa and the Ken.
THE CHAMBAL:
The Chambal River rises near Mhow in the Vindhyan range
THE SON:
The Son River Originates from the Amarkantak plateau.
It joins the Ganga River near Ramnagar.
THE GHANDAK:
The Ghandak River rises near the Nepal - China border.
The Gandak River enters Bihar in Champaran district.
THE KOSI:
The Kosi River Rises in the peaks of Nepal, Tibet and Sikkim.
The Kosi drains into eastern Nepal and enters Sahasra district in Bihar through numerous
channels.
THE DAMODAR:
The Damodar River rises in the Chhotanagpur plateau near Tori in the Palamau district of
Jharkhand.

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DAMODAR RIVER

Its tributaries are the Garhi, Konar, Jamunia and the Baraker.
THE BRAHMAPUTRA:
The Brahmaputra River is called Tsangpo in Tibet.

This river is also called Dihang in the Assam Himalaya

It has its source at Tamchok Khambt Chorten in the Chemayangdung glacier

(Manasarovar).

The Brahmaputra river system is one of the countrys most important river systems

PENINSULAR RIVERS:
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Most of the peninsular rivers are the East flowing rivers.

THE MAHANADI:
The Mahanadi River rises near Sihawa in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh.
It forms many distributaries at Cuttack before entering the sea.
The river Mahanadi Flows through Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Orissa, Jharkhand and
Maharashtra.
THE GODAVARI:
The Godavari River is the largest river of the peninsula.

This is the second largest river in India.

The river Godavari is also called the Vridha Ganga or Dakshina Ganga.
It rises in the Traimbak of Nasik district in the Western Ghats.
THE KRISHNA:
This is the second largest east flowing river of the peninsula.
The river Krishna raises North of Mahabaleswar in the Western Ghats.

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The rivers like Koyana, Malaprabha, Ghataprabha, Bhima, Yerla, Varna, Musi,
Panchganga, Dudhganga and Tungabhadra are the main tributaries of the river Krishna. .

THE TUNGABHADRA:
This is the largest tributary of the river Krishna.

This is formed by the Tunga and Bhadra.

The Tungabhadra joins the river Krishna near Kurnool town.
The delta region of the river Krishna forms after the city of Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh.

THE BAITARNI:
This originates in Orissa.
It drains in to the Eastern part of the peninsula.
THE PENNER:
The Pennar River rises in the Kolar district of Karnataka.
The chief tributaries of the river Pennar are the Chitravati and the Papaghanga.

THE CAUVERY:
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The river Cauvery raises in the Brahmagirit hills in the Coorg district of Karnataka.
The river flows through Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
The Bhavani, Noyil, Amaravati, Arkavati, Hemavati, Shimsa and Kabbani are the chief
tributaries.
At Srirangam, it divides in the northern Coleroon (Kollidam) and a southern branch that
retains its name.

THE TAMBRAPANI:
This river originates on Agastyamalais slopes in the Western Ghats.
This drains into the Gulf of Mannar.

THE WEST FLOWING RIVERS:

THE NARMADA:
This river rises from Amarkantak plateau in Madhya Pradesh.
This is the largest of the west flowing peninsular rivers.
It flows along Ramnagar and Mandla,
It forms Marble Rocks (Dhuandhara falls).
The Narmada basin is confined mostly to Madhya Pradesh.
The beautiful gorge of the Narmada in the marble rocks of Madhya Pradesh is well known.
None of the Narmada tributaries flow for more than 200 km.

THE TAPTI:
This river is also called Tapi.

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It rises near Multi of Betul district.

It runs through Berar.
The Purna tibutary meets the Tapti before the latter enters Khandesh.
It falls into the Gulf of Cambay after forming an estuary below Surat.

THE LUNI:
The river Luni originates in Annasagar in the Aravallis.
It ends in the Sahni marshes North of the Rann of Kutch.
The Luni has several tributaries.
The important tributary is Sarsuti that rises in the Pushkar Lake at Ajmer.

THE SABARMATI:
The Sabarmati River originates from the lake of Jai Samudra in Udaipur district.
It enters the sea at the head of the Gulf of Cambay after a course of 300 km.
The major tributaries are the Sabar and the Hathmati coming from idar and Mahikantha
respectively.

THE MAHI:
This river rises in the East of Udaipur.
It flows through Dhar, Ratlam and Gujarat and finally joins the Gulf of Cambay.

KALYANSIR.NET

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1 Comment

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Gowtham Gs

5 months ago

useful tips sir but missed some rivers if possible include them also ,Thankyou
Reply Share

WHAT'S THIS?

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gopisrikanth wiki it or search in google maps

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2 comments 6 months ago

Vineela Rongali Done sir.. Waiting for similar exercises :) :)

Brajesh Yadav sir is there addition of water through rivers

Thanks a lot for this

affect the salinity of that sea, like higher the water added
through rivers which have more content of rain water +

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