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KALYAN SIR: NATURAL VEGETATION - CLASSIFICATION - WILD LIFE

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NATURAL VEGETATION - CLASSIFICATION - WILD LIFE

KALYANSIR.COM

The natural vegetation is the vegetation or plant cover in its original state without
significant modifications by man.
An association of plants, predominantly trees, is known as forests or natural vegetation.
The factors that influence the growth of plants are as follows.
Temperature: A plant reqires at least a monthly average temperature of 60C for its
growth.
Plants do not survive below this limit of temperature.
Rainfall: Various types of plants require varied amount of precipitation.
Hygrophilous plants will grow in damp and humid climate as they require much water.
Xerophylous plants require very little water and as such they grow in dry climate.
Soil: The chemical contents of the soil favour the growth of different plants.

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Altitude: The factor affects plant growth as the temperature falls with the rise in the
altitude.
Plant species differ with the variation in the elevation.
Wind: The areas characterized by violent winds have fewer trees.
Excessive flow of wind restricts the growth of trees as the rate of transpiration is
increased.
Slope: Mountain slopes function differently on the leeward and the windward sides
determining the types of vegetation on the two sides of a mountain.
Sunlight: Sunlight favors the growth of plants by supplying chlorophyll necessary for the
manufacture of plant food.
The state of Madhya Pradesh had the highest coverage of forests in the country.
After the formation of Chhattisgarh in 2000, however, the new state has got about 44
per cent of the parent states forest resources.
CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL VEGATATION:

Tropical Evergreen or Rain Forests: These are dense forests of luxuriant growth.

They look evergreen as their trees shed leaves at different times of the year.
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They are prevalent in areas where the annual rainfall is over 200 cm and the average
annual humidity exceeds 77 percent.
The annual temperature is 0C to 270C on an average.
Mahogany, bamboo, ivory wood, ebony, rubber trees are the important trees that grow
are in this type of forests.

MAHAGONY

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RUBBER TREE

North-East, Estern regions of subtropical Himalayas (Terai), western portions of the

Western Ghats, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are well known for the ever green
forests.
Littoral Forests: These are also called Swamp Forests.
They are also called tidal forests.

TIDAL FORESTS

These occur in and around the tidal creeks and along the deltas of the Rivers Ganga,
Mahanadi, Krishna and Godavari.
The trees, mainly evergreen, have profuse growth and stilt like roots.
These are found in the great Sunder ban delta.
Dry Tropical Forests: These forests are mostly prevalent in regions with an annual
rainfall of 90 to 130 cm.
They require a mean annual temperature of 23 0C to 270C
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The forests like teak, rosewood, axle wood, babul thorn, kherja, kanju, andd neem fall
under this category.

ROSEWOOD

Riparian Forests: They are common in wet places particularly along river banks.

RIPARIAN FOREST

These are commonly present in other wetlands where rainfalls is less than 50 cm.
Neem, shisham, pipal, babul, tamarind are common in such regions.
Subtropical Broad Leaved Hill Forests: Such forests are common in the highlands of
Bastar, Pachmari, Palni Hills, Khasi Hills.
With an abundance of evergreen trees, these forests are called Shola forests in southern
India.
Montana Wet Temperature Forests: These types of forests are generally located at a
height of 1,800-3,000 m above sea level.
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These are present especially in the hills of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and the eastern
Himalayas.

These forests occur in regions with a mean annual temperature of about 110C to 140C.
The required mean annual rainfall of 150 to 300 cm.
The important trees are oaks, magnolia, chilauni, birch, plum, michilus, deodar and
hemlock.
Alpine Forests: These forests cover the Alpine areas in the Himalayas.

ALPINE FORESTS

These are at a height of 2,880 m to 3,700m.

They constitute dwarf shrubs of juniper, fir, pine, birch and rhododendrons.
On the northern slopes of the Himalayas, they represent dry, xerophytes vegetation.

WILDLIFE
The term wildlife refers to the wild undomesticated animals living in their natural
habitats such as forests, grasslands, etc.
India is divided into ecological subregions. They are
The Himalayan Mountain System
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The Peninsular Indian Sub-region

Tropical evergreen forest region

Andaman and Nicobar Island

region

THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAIN SYSTEM

This is again sub divided into three regions.
The Himalaya Foothills
The Himalayas (high altitude region)
Western Himalayas
Peninsular Indian Sub region
This is considered to be a true home of Indian wildlife with two distinct zones
Peninsular India and its extension into the drainage basin of the Ganges river system
Desert region of Rajasthan.

Tropical Evergreen Forest Region or Indo - Malayan Sub - region

This is also called Indo-Malayan Sub-region.
The region receives heavy rainfall.
This region is very rich in animals.
The most prominent ones are hollyhock gibbons (only ape found in India), golden
languor, capped languor or leaf monkey, etc.
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Andaman and Nicobar Islands:

These islands houses many species of mammals, reptiles and marine animals.
They constitute about 75 per cent of the total mammals found on these islands.
These islands house rare birds such as Narcondum hornbill, Nicobar pigeon and mega
pod and Mangrove Swamps of Sunderbans.

Wildlife Conservation Programmes

A number of Wildlife Acts have been made from time to time by the Union and the state
governments.

Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL):

The Indian Board for Wildlife is the apex advisory body in the field of wildlife
conservation in the country.

The Indian Board for Wildlife is headed by the Prime Minister of India.

WILDLIFE (PROTECTION) ACT, 1972:

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This act came into force in the year 1972.

This act is accepted by all states except Jammu and Kashmir which has its own Act.
This act governs wildlife conservation and protection of endangered species.
The act prohibits trade in rare and endangered species.

WILDLIFE INSTITUTE OF INDIA (WII):

The Wild Life Institute of India was established in 1982.

Initially this institution worked under the Ministry of Agriculture.

Later the institution was brought under the Ministry of Environment and Forest.

CENTRAL ZOO AUTHORITY (CZA):

The Central Zoo Authority was established in the year 1992.
The headquarters are located in New Delhi.
This was established under the provisions of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972.

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This is to upgrade the management of zoos in the country with a view to enhance their
role in conservation.
NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK, NEW DELHI:
This it is spread over 176 acres.
This houses about 1200 animals and birds of 135 species.
Project Tiger was launched in 1973 on the basis of the recommendations of a special
task force of the Indian Board of wildlife to
Ensure maintenance of available population of tiger in India,
Preserve the areas of such biological importance as a national heritage for the benefit,
education and enjoyment of the people.
Project Tiger is a centrally - sponsored scheme.
Nagarjunasagar tiger reserve in Andhra Pradesh is the largest tiger reserve.
The Pench tiger reserve in Maharashtra is the smallest tiger reserve.
Bandipur (Karnataka) tiger reserve is the first tiger reserve (1973 -74) in the country.

WILDLIFE RESERVES IN INDIA:

Balpakram Wildlife Sanctuary situated in the Garo Hills in Meghalaya houses a variety
of animals but is well known for tigers, elephants and bison.

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Bandipur Sanctuary along the Karnataka - Tamilnadu border is the home of wild animals
like tigers, elephants, bears, sambhars, panthers and deer.

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Corbett National Park, Utarakhand, has elephants, chitas, sambhars, nilgais and sloth
bear as well.
Dudwa National Park in Lakhimpur Kheri, Uttar Pradesh is well known mainly for its
tiger, nilgai, sambhar and panther population.
Ghana Bird Sanctuary is famous sanctuary of water birds. Siberian cranes, storks,
herons, spoonbills and teals can be seen here. It is located in Bharatpur, Rajasthan.
Hazaribagh National Park, houses a variety of animals and birds such as leopards, tigers,
samhars and chitas. This is situated in Hazaribagh, Jharkhand.
Jaldapara Sanctuary, West Bengal houses the famous Indian rhinoceros.
Kanha National Park is the home of a variety of species including the panther, tiger,
nilgai, antelope and barking deer. This is located in Madhya Pradesh.
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Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary located in the Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu is famous for
elephants, deer and pigs.
Namdapha National Park is the home of elephants and tigers. This is located in Tirap,
Arunachal Pradesh.
Palamau is a tiger reserve in Daltenganj, Jharkhand which has many other animals such
as elephants, leopards and panthers.
Parkal in Warangal, Andhra Pradesh is popular for animals like tigers, panthers, nilgais
and chitas.
Periyar Sanctuary is the home of tigers, panthers, elephants, sambhars, gaurs and the
wild boar. It is located in Idukki, Kerala.

Ranganthitoo Bird sanctuary which comprises some islands in River Cauvery, Karnataka
is well known for its many species of birds.
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Shivpuri National Park in Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh houses different species of birds
and animals.
Sunderbans, the tiger sanctuary in Sunderbans, West Bengal, is also the home of the wild
bear, crocodile and deer.

SUNDERBANS

Vedanthangal bird sanctuary is located in an artificial lake in Tamil Nadu.

Wild Ass Sanctuary in Rann of Kutch, Gujarat is famous for its wild ass. Wolves,
chinkaras and nilgais are also found here.

KALYANSIR.NET

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RAGHAV

3 months ago

There are many sites for GK and current affairs but this is best i have ever found. Thanks a lot Sir its a tremendous effort from
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