Terms

Analytical
procedures

Audit
Deficiency
Collection

Definition
Evaluations
of
financial
information through analysis of
plausible relationships among
both financial and non-financial
data. Analytical procedures also
encompass such investigation as
is necessary of identified
fluctuations or relationships that
are inconsistent with other
relevant information or that
differ from expected values by a
significant amount.
The collection of monies from a
taxpayer
based
on
the
adjustments made in an audit

Annual
report

A document issued by an entity,

ordinarily on an annual basis,
which includes its financial
statements together with the
auditors report thereon.

Anomaly

A misstatement or deviation that

is
demonstrably
not
representative of misstatements
or deviations in a population.
Includes journals, ledgers and
other
records,
such
as
spreadsheets,
that
support

Accounting
data

Source
Traduction
http://www.i Les
fac.org/sites/ procdures
default/files/ analytiques
downloads/a
005-2010iaasbhandbookhandbookglossary.pdf

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http://www.
aiscpa.com/glo

Audit
carence
Collection

Rapport
annuel

Anomalie

Donnes
comptables

financial statements. It may be

in computer readable form or on
paper.
An approximation of a financial
statement element. Estimates are
included in historical financial
statements
because
some
amounts are uncertain pending
outcome of future events and
relevant data about events that
have occurred cannot be
accumulated on a timely, costeffective basis.
The measure of the quality of
audit evidence; that is, its
relevance and its reliability in
providing support for the
conclusions on which the
auditors opinion is based.

sa.html

Assess

Analyze identified risks of

material
misstatement
to
conclude on their significance.
Assess, by convention, is used
only in relation to risk.

Adjusting
entries

Are accounting entries made at

the end of an accounting period
to allocate items between
accounting periods.

Audit
documentati
on

The record of audit procedures

performed, relevant audit
evidence
obtained,
and
conclusions the auditor reached

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http://www.
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/content102/

Accounting
estimate

Appropriate
ness

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Justess
1. t
e
s
s
e

Evaluer

Ecritures
d'ajustement

La
documentatio
n d'audit

Audit
evidence

Audit file

Audit risk

Audit
sampling

Information used by the auditor

in arriving at the conclusions on
which the auditors opinion is
based. Audit evidence includes
both information contained in
the
accounting
records
underlying
the
financial
statements
and
other
information.
One or more folders or other
storage media, in physical or
electronic form,
containing the records that
comprise
the
audit
documentation for a specific
engagement.
The risk that the auditor
expresses an inappropriate audit
opinion when the financial
statements
are
materially
misstated. Audit risk is a
function of the risks of
material
misstatement
and
detection risk
The application of audit
procedures to less than 100% of
items within a population of
audit relevance such that all
sampling units have a chance
of selection in order to provide
the auditor with a reasonable
basis on which to draw
conclusions about the entire
population.

c3/AUASB_
Glossary_27
-10-09.pdf
http://www. Les lments
window.stat probants
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Fichier
de
vrification

http://www. Le
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chantillonn
age
de
vrification

Auditor

Audit
adjustment

Audit
objective

Audit

Is used to refer to the person or

persons conducting the audit,
usually the engagement partner
or other members of the
engagement team, or, as
applicable, the firm. Where an
ISA expressly intends that a
requirement or responsibility be
fulfilled by the engagement
partner, the term engagement
partner rather than
auditor is used. Engagement
partner and firm are to be
read as referring to their public
sector
equivalents
where
relevant.
Is a correction of a financial
information
misstatement
identified by the auditor,
whether recorded or not.

http://www. Auditeur
window.stat
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http://www.i
fac.org/sites/
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005-2010iaasbhandbookhandbookglossary.pdf
https://intern
alaudit.nsula
.edu/glossar
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In obtaining evidence in support

of financial statement assertions,
the auditor develops specific
audit objectives in light of those
assertions. For example, an
objective
related
to
the
completeness
assertion
for
inventory balances is that
inventory quantities include all
products, materials, and supplies
on hand.
Is developing an overall strategy http://www.

Rglage de
vrification

Objectif de la
vrification

Planification
4

planning

Business
risk

Comparative
information

Compilation
engagement

Compliance
framework

Check digit

for the audit. The nature, extent,

and timing of planning varies
with size and complexity of the
entity, experience with the
entity, and knowledge of the
entity's business.
A risk resulting from significant
conditions,
events,
circumstances,
actions or inactions that could
adversely affect an entitys
ability to achieve its
objectives and execute its
strategies, or from the setting of
inappropriate objectives and
strategies
The amounts and disclosures
included in the financial
statements in respect of one or
more prior periods in accordance
with the applicable financial
reporting framework.
An engagement in which
accounting expertise, as opposed
to auditing expertise, is used to
collect, classify and summarize
financial information.

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See
Applicable
financial http://www.
reporting
framework
and aisGeneral purpose framework
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A redundant digit added to a http://www.
code to check accuracy of other window.stat
characters in the code.
e.tx.us/taxin

L'information
comparative

Mission de
compilation

Cadre
de
conformit

Chiffre
contrle

de

Check
register

A listing of checks issued in

numeric sequence and in order
by date issued.

Classificatio
n

Arrangement
or
grouping.
Assets and liabilities are
normally classified as current or
noncurrent.
An auditor who, at the request of
the group engagement team,
performs work on financial
information
related
to
a
component for the group audit.

Component
auditor

Control
activities

Those policies and procedures

that
help
ensure
that
management
directives
are
carried out. Control activities are
a component of internal control.

Criteria

The benchmarks used to

evaluate or measure the subject
matter
including,
where
relevant,
benchmarks
for
presentation and disclosure.
Criteria can be formal or less
formal. There can be different
criteria for the same subject
matter. Suitable criteria are
required
for
reasonably

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http://www.i
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downloads/a
005-2010iaasbhandbookhandbookglossary.pdf
http://www.
aiscpa.com/glo
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Registre
contrle

de

Classif
ication
Auditeur d'un
composant

Les activits
de contrle

Critres

Collusion

Credit Audit

Condensed
financial
statements

Consistency

Continuing
auditor

Control

Control
accounts

consistent
evaluation
or
measurement of a subject matter
within
the
context
of
professional judgment.
A secret agreement between two http://www.
or more parties for fraud or aisdeceit.
cpa.com/glo
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http://www.
Audits in which the adjustments aisresult in a refund to the taxpayer cpa.com/glo
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Are presented in considerably
less detail than complete http://www.
financial statements
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To achieve comparability of http://www.
information over time, the same aisaccounting methods must be cpa.com/glo
followed. If accounting methods sa.html
are changed from period to
period, the effects must be
disclosed.
is the auditor of the current year http://www.
who also audited the financial aisstatements of the client for the cpa.com/glo
previous year
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A policy or procedure that is part http://www.
of internal control.
aiscpa.com/glo
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Are general ledger accounts that http://www.
report totals of details included window.stat

Complicit

Vrification
de crdit
Etats
financiers
condenss

Cohrence

Vrificateur
continue

Contrle

Les comptes
de contrle
7

Control
Deficiencies

Defalcation

Detection
risk

Detailed
Audit

in subsidiary ledger accounts.

For
example,
Accounts
Receivable is a general ledger
account with a balance equal to
the total of the individual
receivables included in the
subsidiary accounts receivable
ledger.
Exist when the design or
Operation of a control does not
allow employees, in their
assigned functions, to prevent or
detect misstatements on a timely
basis.

To misuse or embezzle funds.

The risk that the procedures

performed by the auditor to
reduce audit risk to an
acceptably low level will not
detect a misstatement that exists
and that could be material, either
individually or when aggregated
with other misstatements.
An examination of a taxpayer's
records
whereby
all
or
substantially all entries and
transactions are reviewed

e.tx.us/taxin
fo/audit/audi
tfun/glossar
y.htm

http://www.i
fac.org/sites/
default/files/
downloads/a
005-2010iaasbhandbookhandbookglossary.pdf
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aiscpa.com/glo
sa.html
http://www.i
fac.org/sites/
default/files/
downloads/a
005-2010iaasbhandbookhandbookglossary.pdf
http://www.i
fac.org/sites/
default/files/
downloads/a
005-2010iaasbhandbook-

Dficiences
Du contrle

Dtournemen
t de fonds

Risque
de
dtection

Vrification
dtaille

detective
control

A control designed to discover

an unintended event or result.

Efficiency

The ratio of the audit evidence

produced to audit resources
used.

Exemption
Certificates

A form signed by a purchaser or

purchaser's
representative
certifying that the items or
services purchased will be used
in a manner or for a purpose that
qualifies the item or service for
exemption from taxation
Examination Is evaluating the preparation of
prospective statements, support
underlying assumptions, and
presentation. The accountant
reports whether, in his or her
opinion, the statements conform
to AICPA guidelines and
assumptions
provide
a
reasonable
basis
for
the
responsible party's forecast. The
accountant
should
be
independent, proficient, plan the
engagement,
supervise
assistants, and obtain sufficient
evidence to provide a reasonable
basis for the report.
Error
An unintentional misstatement
in
financial
statements,
including the omission of an

handbookglossary.pdf
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aiscpa.com/glo
sa.html
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contrle de
dtection

Efficience

Certificats
d'exemption

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Exame

http://www.i Erreur
fac.org/sites/
default/files/
9

amount or a disclosure.

Engagement
documentati
on

The record of work performed,

results obtained, and conclusions
the practitioner reached

Environmen
tal risk

In certain circumstances, factors

relevant to the assessment of
inherent
risk
for
the
development of the overall audit
plan may include the risk of
material misstatement of the
financial statements due to
environmental matters.
Audit evidence obtained as a
direct written response to the
auditor from a third party party),
in paper form, or by electronic
or other
medium.
A deliberate deception to secure
unfair or unlawful gain. False
representation
intended
to
deceive relied on by another to
that person's injury. Fraud
includes fraudulent financial
reporting undertaken to render
financial statements misleading,
sometimes called management
fraud, and misappropriation of
assets,
sometimes
called
defalcations.

External
confirmation

Fraud

downloads/a
005-2010iaasbhandbookhandbookglossary.pdf
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aiscpa.com/glo
sa.html
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Documentati
on
engagement
Le
risque
environneme
ntal

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fo/audit/audi
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downloads/a
005-2010iaasbhandbookhandbookglossary.pdf

10

General
controls

Generalized
audit
software

Group-wide
controls

Integrity

Internal
control

Policies and procedures to

assure proper operation of
computer systems, including
controls
over
network
operations, software acquisition
and maintenance, and access
security.
Packaged computer programs
used on a variety of computers
during audit field work to read
computer
files,
select
information,
perform
calculations, create data files,
and print reports in a format
specified by the auditor.
Controls designed, implemented
and maintained by group
management
over
group
financial reporting.

Consistent adherence to an
ethical
code.
If
client
management lacks integrity the
auditor must be more skeptical
than usual.
Policies
and
procedures
designed to provide reasonable
assurance that specific entity
objectives will be achieved. It
consists
of
the
control
environment, risk assessment,
control activities, information
and
communications,
and
monitoring.

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Logiciel de
vrification
gnralise

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http://www.
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c3/AUASB_
Glossary_27
-10-09.pdf

Contrles de
l'ensemble du
Groupe

Intgrit

Contrle
interne

11

Internal
auditors

Internal
control
questionnair
e

Narrative

Nature of
audit testing

Plan

Are employees of the client

responsible
for
providing
analyses,
evaluations,
assurances, recommendations,
and other information to the
entity's management and board.
An important responsibility of
internal auditors is to monitor
performance of controls.
A list of questions about the
existing internal control system
to be answered (with answers
such as yes, no, or not
applicable)
during
audit
fieldwork. The questionnaire is a
part of the documentation of the
auditor's understanding of the
client's internal controls.
A written description of an
internal control system.

Means the type of testing, such

as tests of internal controls, tests
of transactions, or tests of
balances in balance sheet
accounts
Audit planning is developing an
overall strategy for conduct and
scope of the audit. The nature,
extent, and timing of planning
vary with size and complexity of
the entity, experience with the
entity, and knowledge of the
business. In planning the audit,

http://www. Auditeurs
window.stat internes
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Narration

La nature des
tests
de
vrification

Plan

12

Processing
control

Purchase
order

the auditor considers the entity's

business and its industry, its
accounting
policies
and
procedures, methods used to
process accounting information,
the planned assessed level of
control risk, and the auditor's
preliminary judgment about
audit materiality.
Is an internal control included in
computer software designed to
assure that all transactions are
handled as authorized and none
omitted or added.
A document from a buyer to a
seller placing an order and
listing
quantities
and
specifications.

Percent
Error

of The term used to describe the

proportion of audit adjustments
found
in a
sample
of
transactions - audit adjustments
are divided by the dollar amount
of the sample base

Quality
control

Systems provide a CPA firm

with reasonable assurance that
personnel
comply
with
professional standards and the
firm's standards of quality,
independence, integrity, and
objectivity. It covers personnel
management, acceptance and
continuance
of
clients,
engagement performance, and

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Bon de
commande

Pour
cent
des
erreurs

Contrle
qualit

13

Reaudit

Ratio
Estimate

Receiving
report

monitoring.
When an auditor
audit and report
statements that
previously audited
on.

is asked to
on financial
have been
and reported

The method used to apply

adjustments found in a sample to
the entire audit - the percent of
error is multiplied by the total
dollar value of all similar
transactions
A document completed in the
receiving department, which
identifies the purchase order that
initiated the purchase, and the
date, quantity, and condition of
goods received.

Risk
analysis

An analysis of the possibility of

suffering loss.

Reperforma
nce

The
auditors
independent
execution of procedures or
controls that were originally

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Nouvel audit

Ratio
Estimation

Rapport
rception

L'analyse des
risques

Rexcution

14

Review
procedures

Risk
assessment
procedures

Service
auditor

Substantive
audit

performed as part of the entitys /content102/

internal controls,
c3/AUASB_
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The
procedures
deemed http://www.i
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primarily inquiries of entity downloads/a
personnel
and
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Are the audit procedures https://intern
performed
to
obtain
an alaudit.nsula
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its environment, including the y/
entity's internal control, to
identify and assess the risks of
material misstatement, whether
due to fraud or error, at the
financial statement and relevant
assertion levels.
The auditor of an organization http://www.1.
that provides services such as window.stat
data processing or pension trust e.tx.us/taxin
administration
to
other fo/audit/audi
organizations
(the
users). tfun/glossar
Auditors of the users (user y.htm
auditors) rely on a report from
the service auditor about
controls
in
the
service
organization that apply to
financial statements of the user
organization they are auditing.
Is a direct test of a financial http://www.
statement balance designed to ais-

Procdures
de recours

Procdures
d'valuation
des risques

Servic
e vrificateur

Procdure de
vrification
15

procedure

successor
auditor

sufficiency

Surety Bond

Systematic
Selection

detect material misstatements at

the assertion level. Substantive
procedures comprise tests of
details (classes of transactions,
account
balances,
and
disclosures), and substantive
analytical procedures.
The auditor of a client for the
current year when that client had
another auditor in prior years.
The auditor who no longer
audits that client is the
predecessor auditor.

cpa.com/glo
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de fond

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auasb.gov.a vrificateur
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A measure of the quantity of
Suffisance
audit evidence. The independent
auditor's objective is to obtain
sufficient appropriate evidence
to provide a reasonable basis for
an opinion.
A binding agreement between a http://www.i Cautionneme
bonding company and a ntosai.org/is nt
taxpayer guaranteeing that the saibonding company will be liable executiveto the Comptroller for any debt, summaries/v
default or failure to pay taxes iew/article/i
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A sampling procedure in which http://www. Slection
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16

Short
Testing

Test data

Trend
analysis

User auditor

interval, e.g., every fifth file fo/audit/audi

card in a file system
tfun/glossar
y.htm
Tracing selected transactions or http://www.i
accounting entries through the fac.org/sites/
accounting records to determine default/files/
the accuracy and reliability of downloads/a
the accounting system
005-2010iaasbhandbookhandbookglossary.pdf
Is run through a computer http://www.
program to test the software. window.stat
Test data can be used to test e.tx.us/taxin
compliance with controls in the fo/audit/audi
software.
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An analysis of the change in http://www.i
something over time. Analytical fac.org/sites/
procedures, which compare default/files/
financial statement ratios of downloads/a
different years, are an example 005-2010of trend analysis.
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A service auditor is the auditor https://intern
of an organization that provides alaudit.nsula
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or pension trust administration y/
to other organizations (the
users). Auditors of the users
(user auditors) rely on a report
from the service auditor about
controls
in
the
service
organization that apply to

Test court

Test
des
donnes

L'analyse des
tendances

Utilisateur
vrificateur

17

Valuation

Verification

financial statements of the user

organization they are auditing.
An
assertion
made
by
management that each asset and
liability is recorded at an
appropriate carrying value.

http://www.1.
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Prove accuracy of numbers or https://intern

existence of assets.
alaudit.nsula
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y/
Vouch
A document in support of an http://www.
expenditure. The signature of an window.stat
appropriate official on the e.tx.us/taxin
voucher is authorization for the fo/audit/audi
treasurer to issue a check.
tfun/glossar
y.htm
Webtrust
A CPA issues an opinion on a http://www.
engagements web site when the business and auasb.gov.a
information privacy practices, u/admin/file
transaction
integrity,
and /content102/
protection
of
customer c3/AUASB_
information
meet
certain Glossary_27
standards.
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working
Records kept by the auditor of https://intern
papers
procedures
applied,
tests alaudit.nsula
performed,
information .edu/glossar
obtained,
and
pertinent y/
conclusions in the engagement.

Evalua

Vrification

Garant

Engagements
WebTrust

documents de
travail

18