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FIELD DATA
A,
CONDUCTOR SIZE
ts,d,Io
INITIAL DESIGN
D,n,LT,h
GRID RESISTANCE
Rg,LT
MODIFY DESIGN
D,n,LT,LR
GRID CURRENT
IG
YES
GPR < Etouch
NO
MESH & STEP
VOLTAGES
Em,Es,Km,Ks,Ki,Kii
NO
Em<Etouch
YES
NO
Es<Estep
YES
DETAIL
DESIGN
EARTHING CALCULATION
Soil Resistivity,
100 Ohm-M
Gravel Resistivity, s
2500 Ohm-M
0.5 Sec
700 C
40 C
0.102 mtr.
0.5 mtr.
13450 A
ho
1 mtr.
STANDARDS USED
IEEE Gude for Safety in AC Substation
Grounding
IEEE - 80
2000
Amm 2 =
Where
K +T
TCAP104
ln 0 m
t c r r
K 0 +T a
)(
Eqn.: 40 Page : 43
IEEE Std. 80 - 2000
Material Proposed
0.00378 Ohm - M
5.86
Tm
700 C
Ta
= Ambient temperature in C
Ko
r 1/r - Tr in C
Iefs
= rms current in Ka
40 C
245
13.45 KA
EARTHING CALCULATION
tc
= Duration of Current in s
0.5 Sec.
TCAP
Amm
3.85 J/(cmC)
65.89 mm
A kcmil
Amm
THE SIZE OF CONDUCTOR SELECTED
130.07 kcmil
65.89 mm
=
=
9.2 mm
0.00916 mtr.
0.01 mtr.
K=
+ s
0 . 09 1
C s=
2 hs+ 0. 09
hs
Cs
E step70=(1000+6C s s )
0.157
ts
-0.92
Cs
0.71
Where
Estep70
Estep 70
2573.75 Volts
EARTHING CALCULATION
Estep 70
Where
Etouch70
0 . 157
ts
Etouch70
C
809.96 Volts
Breadth
70
= Conductor Spacing
5 m
0.5 m
280 m
14
LT =2 Na L
Lp
Nr
10
Lr
7.5 m
LR
75 m
LT1
2100 m
LT
2175 m
Lx
70
Ly
70
GRID RESISTANCE
4900 m
0.67
R g =
1
1
1
+
1+
LT 20 A
1+h 20/ A
)]
Where
A
Rg
= Grid Resistance
Rg
EARTHING CALCULATION
Rg
IG D f I g
Where
Ig
Df
13450 A
IG
0.7
9415 A
GPR=I GR g
GPR
6354.8 V
b)
Mesh Voltage
Emesh( Design )=
I G K m K i
LC + 1. 55+1 . 22
Ki
K i= 0. 644 +0 .148 n
Where
n =na nb n c nd
na =
2 LT
LP
Lr
L2x +l 2Ly
)]
LR
EARTHING CALCULATION
na =
2 LT
LP
na
15.0
nb
nc
nd
Km
15.00
Ki
2.86
Km=
( D +2 h )
1
D2
h
Kii
8
ln
+
+
ln
2
16 hd
8 Dd
4d
Kh
( 2 n1 )
Where
Kii
= Corrective wieghting factor that adjusts the effect of inner conductors on the corner mesh
K ii=
( 2n )
Kh
ho
h
Kii
0.62
Kii
=
Where
2
n
h
1+
(
ho )
0.5
Emesh (Design )
Kh
1.22
Km
0.65
786.11 Volts
EARTHING CALCULATION
Emesh (Design )
Calculated Mesh Voltage is Lower than the Tolerable Touch Voltage.HENCE SAFE
B
Step Voltage
Voltage developed for step as per the earthing system proposed during full Earth fault current
Estep ( Design )=
[ ( Ks Ki I G ) ]
[ 0 . 75 LC +0 . 85 LR ]
Where
Ks
Ks=
1
1
10 .5 n2
+
+
2 h D +h
D
Ks
)]
0.440
2.864
K i= 0. 644 +0 .148 n
Ki
Estep (Design )
Estep (Design )
Err:502
724.08 Volts
Err:502 Volts
EARTHING CALCULATION
SUMMARY
Size of Conductor
mm
Length of Conductor
2100
mtr
Depth of Conductor
0.5
m below GL
75
mtr
7.5
mtr
10
No.
GROUND RODS
HUMAN SAFETY
Step Voltage
Mesh Voltage
UNIT
Designed Value
Permissible Value
Volt
2574
Err:502
Volt
809.96
786
Description
Copper annealed
1 soft - drawn
Copper, commercial
hard - drawn
Copper-clad steel
3 wire
Copper-clad steel
4 wire
Copper-clad steel
5 rod
Aluminium EC
6 Grade
Aluminium 5005
7 alloy
Aluminium 6201
8 alloy
Aluminium-clad steel
9 wire
10
Steel, 1020
r factor
Fusing
Temperature
Tm (C)
K0 at
(0C)
at 20C
100
0.00393
234
1083
97
0.00381
242
1084
40
0.00378
245
1084
30
0.00378
245
700
20
0.00378
245
1084
61
0.00403
228
657
53.5
0.00353
263
652
52.5
0.00347
268
654
20.3
0.0036
258
657
10
10.8 10
0.0016 10
605 10
1510 10
9.8 11
0.0016 11
605 11
1400 11
8.6 12
2.4 13
0.0032 12
0.0013 13
293 12
749 13
419 12
1400 13
TCAP
Thermal
Capacity [J/
(cm.C]
r
20C(
cm)
1.72
3.42
1.78
3.42
4.4
3.85
5.86
3.85
8.62
3.85
2.86
2.56
3.22
2.6
3.28
2.6
8.48
3.58
15.9 10
3.28
17.5 11
4.44
20.1 12
72 13
3.93
4.03