PART I

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The background in this prakerin conducted for students to do the right thing reliable
in the field ( vocational ) each
Besides learning we also work on the employee 's performance is always mold action and
able to complete the tasks and responsibilities well .
With this event , we learned a lot of things to learn , especially with regard to our
department . of learning that will be invaluable as we enter the world of work .
Working industrial practice teaching activities and activities that will realize the real
work situations in the business world is round and the entire industry study . so with the hope
that the participants were educated . After graduating from SMK already familiar with a real
work situation .
Prakerin report deliberately created as one loaded to follow UAN / UAS SMK 3
Teluk Kuantan 2013/2014.
1.2 Objectives
The purpose of this report is as follows:
1. To prakerin which we live more programmed
2. Give an example of the juniors on the contents of the book report prakerin
3. Adding the reader insight
4. This report has become evident that we have duties prakerin
5. Provide an overview to the reader about the process of implementation prakerin task
from beginning to end.
2.2 Cooperation
In the implementation of the district offices kuantan singingi plantations have
undergone cooperation with various agencies or parties concerned in it:

 PT. Andalas sustainable agro cooperation with plantation offices, PT is engaged in the sale
of rubber.
TBS in cooperation with estate agencies to determine the price of oil seeds.
1.3 Location And Facilities
Location
Kuantan district offices singingi plantation was on the road location Pattimura pemkab
Kuantan Singgingi Complex.
To maintain the smooth process prakerin training in estate agency while facilities include:
- Computer
- Operational Kenraad
- etc.

CHAPTER II
RESULTS OF WORK PRACTICE INDUSTRY

2.1 Students Periodic Reports

Student reports regularly during practice in estate agency can be seen from the
attachment.
2.2 Description of Activities
Rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis ) belongs to the family Euphorbiacea , called by other
names rambung , sap , members , kejai or hapea . Rubber is one of the commodities that are
important as a source of non-oil foreign exchange for Indonesia , so it has a bright prospect .
The advantages of natural rubber are:
(a) has the power of resilience and high elasticity.
(b) have a good plasticity so easy processing.
(c) has a high wear power
(d) is not easy to heat (low heat build-up) and has a high resistance to cracking (groove
cracking resistance).
2.2.1 Requirements Rubber Plant Growing
Building the necessary rubber plantation rubber cultivation technology that includes
several activities, namely:

Terms grow rubber plants, clones recommendations planting material / seeds, plant
maintenance, fertilization, pest / disease and tapping / harvest.

Terms grow rubber plants require certain conditions as a condition of his life. More
detailed requirements grow described as follows:

a. climate
Suitable area is the zone between 150 and 150 LS LU, with daily temperatures
25-30oC.
b. rainfall
Rubber plants require optimum rainfall between 2000-2500 mm / year with a rainy day
ranges from 100 s / d 150 HH / year. Better yet, if rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the
year. As tropical plants, rubber requires sunlight throughout the day, a minimum of 5 to 7
hours / day.
c. high spot
Rubber plants grow optimally in the lowlands with a height of 200 m - 400 m above sea
level (asl). At the height of> 400 m and daily temperature over 30oC, will result in the rubber
plant can not grow well.
d. wind
The wind speed is too fast is generally unfavorable for planting rubber. The rubber plant
is a tree that grows tall and large trunked. Tall mature trees reaching 15-25 m. Stem plants
usually grow straight and have a high branching above.
e. ground
Different types of soil can be in accordance with the requirements grow rubber trees both
volcanic and alluvial soil . On the volcanic soil has a reasonably good physical properties ,
especially the structure , texture , solum , soil water depth , aeration and drainage , but its
chemical properties are generally less well because of low nutrient content . While usually
quite fertile alluvial soil , but poor physical properties so that drainage and aerasenya
unfavorable .
2.2.2 Plant Material
Rubber plant productivity is determined by the quality of plant material / seed planted, the
quality of seeds / seed quality is influenced by genetic, physiological quality, physical

quality. Preparation of planting material is done before planting with an interval of

approximately 1,0- 1,5 years.
Specials plant material there are three components that need to be prepared as follows:
Rootstock (root stoct), entres / scions (budwood) and grafting (grafting) in the preparation of
planting materials.
Preparation rootstock is an activity to obtain seedlings strong roots and a good nutrient
absorption. Therefore, it is necessary rootstock breeding technically qualified nursery covers
soil preparation, seed treatment, germination, seedling planting and maintenance of plants in
the nursery. High productivity can only be obtained from the seeds of superior clones that
have passed the test in the field, it is recommended selecting clones recommended.
2.2.3 Setting Trunk Down
The first step is to prepare the rubber nurseries rootstock derived from the seeds of the
rubber plant. Preparation rootstock selection activity includes seeds, germination, and
seeding.
a. Selection seed
Rubber seeds collected in the field should be selected based on the purity of the clones
and good germination including seed size and seed freshness. Rubber seed has good
germination is the seed that is still in a fresh state. That is, the new fall from a tree, or no later
than four days after the fall.
Inferred based on the color of cleavage. The six criteria are as follows:
(1) Hemisphere white beans rated excellent.
(2) Hemisphere yellowish seeds is considered good.
(3) Hemisphere somewhat greenish yellow seed is good enough.
(4) Hemisphere yellowish oily seeds assessed bored.
(5) Hemisphere dark yellowish seeds assessed damaged.
(6) Hemisphere grain brown to black assessed foul.
Good rubber seed after white division, but this condition is very difficult to find.

b. germination
The seeds which have been selected based on the purity of the clones and germination as
described, must be germinated. There are two places for germination based on the amount of
rubber seeds. If the amount of rubber seed a little, germination can use a wooden crate and if
the rubber seed germination lot done on the land.
c. Seeding.
Once the seeds germinate moved to a place where the seedlings germinated seeds that
have been bred for grafting and moved to land . Seeds that have germinated should be
immediately transferred to the nursery to boost growth. The principle of this displacement is
transferred faster the better. Most excellent removal done while yet leafy sprouts . Sprouts
with leaves will quickly wither and die while in the nursery . Deadline maximum
displacement tolerance 3 weeks after germination , when passing from the seeds will be weak
and slow growth .
2.2.4 Setting Up Trunk
Clones which will be used as scions selected according to recommendations based on
the type of climate in the various provinces . Facilitate grafting activities should each have a
rubber plantation land clones containing special rubber which will serve as the upper trunk .
a. wood grafting
Wood grafting which is also often referred to as the stem above the young shoots or
branches that have multiple buds as the main ingredient grafting activity. Wood grafting can
be taken from the mother plant or rubber plants grown specifically to produce wood grafting.
Getting grafting wood from the parent tree in large quantities can be done by cutting the
rubber tree branches sized wrist. In the not too distant future will emerge new shoots.
b. buds
Buds are part of the plant that will were grafted scions with rootstock. These buds after
fused with the rootstock will grow into a rubber tree trunk. This bud eye

c. Shield and soul

Shield and life here is closely related to the buds. Shield is the bark where the buds in
that section.
2.3. Activities Grafting
a. Requirements grafting
After rootstocks and scions ready, grafting activities can begin immediately. Some basic
principles that must be understood in order to be successful grafting activities as follows:
(1) Both the cambium layer, the cambium rootstock and the shield must be united and not be
palpable finger, exposed to dirt or sweat, and open too long.
(2) Not recommended doing grafting on rootstock in wet conditions.
(3) Equipment or grafting knife must be sharp and clean or sterile.
(4) Workers who carry out these activities must also be clean.
(5) Workers must be careful and patient.
b. type grafting
Wherever grafting is the same, namely gluing buds of a plant to another plant, and the
two become a new plant.
Brown, green grafting has several advantages as follows:
(1) The implementation could be early.
(2) The life in the nursery is shorter, so provision plant material faster.
(3) Rooting is not disturbed when the seedlings transferred to the field.
(4) Linkage better grafting.
(5) can be accelerated tapping mature period of six months drawback, wood entres or rod it
can not be stored and sent to other places. In addition, the percentage of green grafting
seedling mortality is also greater.
c. equipment
The tools needed in grafting is a saw entres, grafting knife, plastic ribbon or raffia,
banana, liquid wax, coconut coir brush and damp cloth. Entres saws used to cut wood scions,
grafting knife to pick the buds and slashing rootstock, plastic tape binding affinity for
7

grafting, banana to put grafting wood, coconut fiber to cleanse rootstock, and rags to clean
the grafting knife.
d. time grafting
The best time doing grafting is during the rainy season because the high humidity. Not
recommended perform grafting in mid dry season because of the risk of failure is very high
due to dry air and heat. Should grafting activities carried out at 07:00 to 10:00, when the sun
is not shining.
2.4. Implementation Grafting
Grafting is a way rubber seed multiplication most good, to obtain grafting success rate and
high quality of seed physiology.
2.5. Type Seed Grafting
Grafting varieties based on where the growth is divided into three as follows:
a. Grafting seedlings in soil
Grafting seedlings in land is planted seeds in soil and grafted in place until moved to
a farm that has been prepared. From seedling grafting in this area produced good seed in
the form of eye stum sleep, stum mini, and high stum.
b. Grafting seedlings in plastic bags
Grafting seedlings in plastic bags obtained in two ways. The first way, the seeds
planted, once were grafted in a plastic bag. After cutting the stem at the top of the shield,
the plants are allowed to remain in a plastic bag and buds grow to be moved to land. The
second way, the seedlings planted in soil, grafted on the land, and then transferred to a
plastic bag on the stage of sleep stum.
2.5.1 Land Management and Investment
A. Land Management
There are two types of rubber planting, the planting of new (newplanting) and
rejuvenation (replanting). Newplanting is rubber planting efforts in areas that have not been
used for the cultivation of rubber. Meanwhile, replanting is re-planting efforts in the area of
8

the old plant rubber because is no longer productive. New plantings should begin with the
first step, whether the land is quite suitable for the cultivation of rubber. Ensuring that land is
appropriate or not is important because each plant requires special requirements
terms for growth. Moreover, the rubber is an annual plant, so if known low productivity
takes many years for rejuvenation. This is certainly a step as unnecessary waste.
B. Planting
In addition it can be planted in monoculture, rubber also can be intercropped with a
variety of other plants. Plants that can be intercropped with rubber among other crops, such
as bananas and ginger or crops (soybeans, green beans, or peanuts). In fact, annual crops,
such as cloves, cocoa, and coffee can be intercropped with rubber.
a. Determination of plant spacing
Spacing in the bud any power plant should get adequate attention so that optimum
productivity. Spacing is determined figure of the plant. The higher and the plant canopy
width, should the farther the distance between the plants, with the hope of plant canopy and
roots are not linked to each other. Ideally, the greater the distance between the plants will get
better results. However, this principle is contrary to the efficient use of land.
b. Intercropping system
The first thing that must be considered in a rubber plantation with intercropping system is
a spacing not too tightly in order to avoid competition in the fight element nutrient. When
there was competition, both the main crop or intercropped plants, growth will be stunted. In
planting the intercropping systems generally use a rubber farmers spacing of the fence. That
is, intercropped plants serves as a fence or flanking the main crop. In this way the spacing of
the rows and spacing of the meeting made between rows tenuous. This way allows the plants
receive sunlight optimally.
c. monocultures
Rubber cultivation in monoculture could use a spacing of triangular or irregular. Spacing
triangle can only be applied in land flat or nearly flat contoured. Meanwhile, irregular
spacing of the land could be applied in the hilly contours.
9

d. Hole Making Plant

Having determined and marked with a piece of stake, planting hole made immediately.
The size of the planting hole in rubber cultivation should be tailored to the type or stage of
seedlings to be planted. If the grafting seedlings planted is stum mini or seeds in a plastic
bag, the size of the planting hole enough 60 x 60 x 60 cm. If the seed used is high stum aged
2-3 years, the planting hole measuring 80 x 80 x 80 cm. Meanwhile, if the taproot length of
more than 80 cm, in the middle of the bottom of the hole needs to be dug as deep planting
20-30 cm. The actual form of the planting hole should not be a cube, but can also be
cylindrical or conical narrowing into. The shape of the planting hole will be used depending
on the equipment available.
e. demolition seeds
The rubber seedlings to be planted in the form of a mini or stum height of land nursery ,
seedlings must be unloaded first. The trick , made park 50 cm deep in the left side of the seed
row . Once the seedlings are held at the top of grafting and removed carefully . If there is
more than one taproot , taproot smaller cut , leaving a large taproot .
f. planting seedlings
Once the seedlings and planting hole prepared the planting can begin immediately. If the
seeds are planted a seed taken from the land, taproot must be entered straight into the ground.
Taproot oblique direction can result in stunted plant growth. If the grafting seedlings will be
planted in plastic bags or in tapih, media around the seedlings should be solid and not broken.
How to planting is plastic packaging is opened, then the seed is inserted into the planting
hole and covering, with the land around it.
2.6. Planting Cover Crops
Planting cover crops in the rubber land to prevent erosion and accelerating mature
tapping . There are three groups of plants that can be used , ie creeping plants , shrubs , and
trees . Good creeping plants used are nuts .
Groups of shrubs that can be used include Crotalaria usaramoensis , Crotalaria juncea , and
Tephrosia candida . Meanwhile , from the types of trees that are often used are banana china (

10

Leucaena glaucd ) . Of the three groups of plants , the most commonly used is nuts because
the figure is low and small plants , so the roots are not too intrusive main plant roots .
2.6.1 Maintenance of Plant
A. Maintenance of Plant Before Produce
Among rubber farmers, plants that can not be intercepted or not yet in production is
often called the first composition, ie plants aged 1-4 years. Maintainer's rubber plant before
production is almost equal to the maintenance of plantation crops in general , which include
replanting, weeding, fertilizing, selection and spacing, as well as the maintenance of cover
crops.
a. stitching
Not all rubber seedlings were planted in the land to live. Percentage mortality of
seedlings that can be tolerated in the cultivation of rubber is 5%. Therefore, needed
replanting to replace the dead seedlings. Replanting activities carried out old plants 1-2 years
because it was no certainty plants living and the dead. Because the stitching is done when the
plant aged 1-2 years, which is used in the form of seeds seedling height stum aged 1-2 years
so that the plant can be uniform.
b. weeding
Weeding in rubber cultivation aimed at freeing the rubber plant of weed interference in
the land. Therefore, weeding activities can actually be done at any time, ie when the weeds
have started to interfere with the development of the rubber plant. Nevertheless, generally
weeding is done three times a year to save energy and costs. There are two ways of weeding,
ie manually and chemically. In the manual is to use weeding equipment, such as a hoe or
machete. Meanwhile, chemically by spraying herbicides or chemical weed eradication. Many
brands of herbicides that have been circulating in the market. Choose a brand that is
recommended in accordance with the types of weeds to be eradicated in order to be effective.
In addition, also be aware of the dose and frequency of spraying to avoid wastage.

11

c. fertilization
Fertilizing plants in rubber cultivation is to stimulate and accelerate the growth of young
plants mature tapping, so the latex harvesting can be done as soon as possible. Fertilization is
done in two ways, namely manual weeding circle and chemical strip. In the first way or
manually circle, circle the hole created by the distance of plants adapted to the age of the
plant. This is due to the roots of plants growing wider with increased age. For plants aged 3-5
months, circling the hole spacing of plants with 20-30 cm, 6-10 months with a distance of 2045 cm, 11-20 months with a distance of 40-60 cm, 21-48 months with a distance of 40-60 cm
, and more than 48 months at a distance of 50-120 cm. The hole made with a depth of 5-10
cm, then the fertilizer sown into it and covered with soil. In the second strip or chemical
weeding, fertilizer is placed at a distance of 1 - 1.5 m of row crops. Same way, the ground
was dug as deep as 5-10 cm, then the fertilizer put into it and closed with soil.
d. Selection and thinning
Ideally in a rubber plantation area consists of plants which are all in good health and
good , especially before tapping . Therefore , diseased plants should be cut down and
dismantled until the roots so that the disease does not spread to healthy plants .
e. Maintenance of cover crops
Caused function to prevent erosion and accelerating mature tapping, cover crops should
be maintained by fertilizing and pruning. Compost fertilizer used should mature at a dose 4-5
tons / ha. The way of administration is by sprinkled in between the plants. If growth is too
rapid ground cover plants need to be controlled by means of trimming. Tools used for
pruning is simply the machete or sickle.
B. Maintenance Period Production
After stepping on the age of five years or begin to be tapped, rubber plants are often
referred to as the composition II. In fact, there's always some rubber plants that can not be
tapped forced despite being five years old. Of 425 healthy plants before the tapping, which
can be tapped only about 400 rods.

12

a. weeding
Weeding rubber plantation during weeding production aimed at the pre-production, which
control the growth of weeds so as not to interfere with the main plant. Weeding can be done
manually, chemically, or a combination of manual and mechanical both. Way is the
eradication of weeds using equipment, such as hoes, machetes, or sickle. If weeds such as
grasses, weeding can use a hoe, so that the roots come uprooted. If weeds such as bushes or
shrubs, should weeding in dongkel manner with the help of a hoe and machete. Manually
weed eradication is possible only if the area is not too extensive rubber plantations.
b. fertilization
In rubber cultivation, fertilization after planting until the plants do not produce
themselves. Without fertilization rubber production will not be maximized. If at the time of
the first composition or before bugged all the rubber plants should be fertilized, during the
composition II or after tapping fertilization should be done effectively. That is, only a nice
latex production plants are cultivated. This step is to avoid waste. How to crop fertilization
rubber on the same production period with the period before production, namely fertilizer
inserted into a circular hole dug with a distance of 1 - 1.5 m from the tree. Fertilizers can also
put in a line-shaped groove between the plants with a distance of 1.5 meters from the tree.
Before fertilization is done, it must be ensured soil is free of weeds. If the frequency of the
rubber plant fertilization before the production is done once a year, the rubber plant
fertilization during the production is done twice a year, which at the turn of the season.
2.6.2 Control of Pests and Diseases
As with other plantations , rubber trees were not spared from pests and diseases
Disorders . Pests and diseases to be treated to the husband for Plants thrive and optimal
productivity .
A. Pests
Some types of animals into the rubber plant pests of phase seeding, planting, until the
production phase.

13

Pests in the nursery phase

Some important pests on fese rubber plant nurseries that have been identified as follows.
a. Rat.
Rat (Rattus sp.) Into the rubber plant pests on germination and nursery phase. At the time
the rats consuming germination seeds were germinated and when seeding eat leaves of young
seedlings.
b. grasshopper
Grasshopper become pests for rubber plant seeding phase by eating the leaves are still
young. These insects are classified as very greedy.
c. snail
Snail (Achatina fulicd) become pests by eating the leaves of rubber in the nursery area
with a broken leaf symptoms. On the leaves are broken, there are flow path which is a silvery
shiny snail trail.
d. Uret Land
Uret land is the larval stages of some species of beetles, such as Helotrichia serrata,
Helotrichia rufajlava, Helotrichiafessa, anomala variance, Leucopholis sp., Exopholis sp.,
And Lepidiota sp. This land uret shape like the letter "C" with a white to pale yellow color.
Uret soil becomes very harmful pests from eating the rubber plant in the soil, especially
rubber trees that are still in the nursery.
Pests in the planting phase to production
a. termite
Termites that become pests for rubber plants, especially species Microtermes inspiratus
and Captotermes curvignathus. These termites eating away the newly planted seeds in the
soil, from stum end up rooting, so cause damage very heavy.
b. flea
Plant pest infestation into the rubber plant Saissetia nigra , Laccifer greeni , Laccifer
lacca , Ferrisiana virgata , and Planococcus traits that each has different characteristics .
14

Saissetia shaped shield with light brown to blackish color . Laccifer white wax with hard skin
and live in groups . Ferrisiana light yellow to dark yellow with a thick wax covered entity .
Meanwhile , Planococcus dark brown and his body was covered in some sort of smooth shiny
wax . Ticks become pests for rubber plants by piercing the stems and leaves of young shoots
to suck the liquid in it . Part of the affected plants turn yellow and eventually dry up , so
pertum -harbor dwarf plants .
c. wild boar
Wild boar (Sus verrucosus) is a pest for almost all plantation crops, including rubber,
especially those planted near the forest. The delegation boar looking for food night by
dismantling the young rubber trees by using the muzzle.
d. Deer and antelope
Deer (Rusa timorensis) and Indian muntjac deer {) be a pest for rubber plants by eating
the leaves. Saliva two animals can also turn off the rubber plant. If the leaves of the plant
runs out, deer and antelope did not hesitate to eat the bark, which can cause the plant to die if
the entire skin peeled off. Both of these animals even become pests, especially in Sumatra
and Kalimantan, especially in the area of rubber plantation near the forest. The deer came to
the plantation alone or in pairs, while the deer usually come in clusters.
d. tapir
Same with elk and deer, tapir (Lapirus indicus) becomes a pest for rubber plant also by
eating the leaves and bark of young plants. Because it is endemic to Sulawesi, tapirs only
become pests rubber plantations on the island, especially plantation near forests.
e. monkey
Monkey species that become pests for rubber plant is macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and
monkey (Macaca memestind). They become pests by eating the leaves, branches, and
branches of young trees. Both of these animals only become pests in the area of rubber
plantations in Sumatra and Kalimantan, especially if the area is located near the forest or the
planting done intercropped with food crops.

15

f. squirrel
Squirrels (Callosciurus notatus) become pests because the plant stem cut off the rubber
with a spiral shape. Since the cut off, stunted plant growth and latex production declines.
These animals build nests of leaves and twigs on top of the rubber plant and breed 2-3 times
a year with the number of children 3-4 tails. Shrubs in the plantation area is an environment
that is highly favored by squirrels.
g. elephant
Elephant [Elephas maximus) only become pests rubber plants cultivated on the island
of Sumatra, especially if the area adjacent to the forest is the habitat of these animals. Herd of
elephants into the rubber plant pest indirectly, ie, when the group of these animals pass
through rubber plantations and trampling the plants to be damaged. However, if the food they
like depleted, the leaves will be eaten too rubbery.
B. Disease
The economic losses caused by the disease in the rubber plant is generally larger than the
pests . In addition to the ravages of disease , another disadvantage is the cost to be incurred to
mitigate them . Therefore , prevention efforts must receive full attention , as well as early
observations are constantly very important .
Diseases of the rubber plant with large losses is generally caused by the fungus .
Diseases caused by bacteria and viruses loss is not so great . The disease attacks the rubber
plants of the region root , stem , tapping the field , until the leaves .
a. White Root Disease
Called the white root disease because at the root of the affected plants visible fungal
mycelia white threadlike strong stick and difficult to remove. The roots of infected plants will
become soft, rotting, and brown. The fungus causes white root disease is Rigidoporus
lignosus which establishes fruit like hats at the root, stem, and crop stubble. This mushroom
fruit bodies yellowish orange with small holes in the bottom of the spores.
b. Red Root Disease
If the white root disease tends to affect young plants (aged 2-4 years), red root disease
was more common in adult plants or even aging. Although dangerous, the new plant death
16

occurred five years after infection. Symptoms can be seen from this disease is the changing
color of the leaves from green to pale green murky, yellow, and finally fall.
Disease that attacks the stems
a. Mushrooms Upas
Fungal disease caused by the fungus Corticium policeman salmonicolor which has four
stages of development. The first phase is often called the stage of cobwebs is the formation of
a thin layer of white on the skin surface. The next stage will be developed to form a set of
threads fungus, commonly called the head stage. In the third stage or stages kortisium,
formed crust pink. The last stage or stages of the formation of a thick layer nekator is dark
red. Fungal diseases policeman attacked branching or stems of plants, so easily broken
branches and canopy. Symptoms of this disease is the appearance of white threads like silk in
the base or the top of branching.
b. Spotting cancer
Spotting cancer diseases arise due to fungal infection of Phytophthora palmivora which
has threads of white hyphae are less obvious to the naked eye. These fungi reproduce by
spores that can survive long in the soil. The symptoms of this disease are not easily
recognizable because of his attacks started from under the skin.
c. Stem rot
Fungus Botrydipbdia theobromae is the culprit of stem rot disease. This fungus has a
spore-producing fruit bodies in large quantities contained in the infected bark. The spores
will spread due to wind or rain to infect healthy plants. Stem rot disease is more common in
young rubber trees ready to be tapped, the four-year-old plants with a prevalence of about
66%. In the three-year-old plants, the prevalence reached 30% and the attack on the plant for
more than five years old likely to 0%.

17

A disease that attacks the field of tapping

a. cancer line
The fungus causes of cancer the same line with spotting cancer culprit , namely
Phytophthora palmivora . This fungus infections cause damage in the form of bumps or
hollows in the former areas of tapping long , so the next tapping difficult. The disease is
generally spread in orchards with high humidity , located in wet climates , as well as in the
garden garden tapping too close to the ground .
b. Mouldy rot.
Rot is a disease-causing fungus Ceratocystis moldy jimbriata with threads of hyphae that
form the gray layer on the affected part. Spores are produced in diseased and can survive in
dry conditions. The impact of this disease is loaded with cancer lines, which lead to injuries
in the field of tapping, so that recovery of the skin becomes disturbed. These injuries leave
scars tapping surging in the field, making it difficult for the next tapping.
2.6.3 Tapping
Tapping is one of the main activities of the cultivation of rubber . The goal is to open the
latex vessels in the bark so fast flowing latex . Latex flow rate will be reduced if the dose of
liquid latex to the skin is reduced . Rubber skin with 260 cm height from the ground is the
capital of rubber farmers to earn income over a period of approximately 30 years .
Therefore , tapping should be done with caution so as not to damage the skin . If an error
occurs in tapping the latex production will be reduced . To obtain good results tapping ,
tapping must follow certain rules in order to obtain high production , profitable , and
sustainable with regard to plant health factors . Some rules that need to be considered in
tapping is as follows
A. Determination Mature tapping
Prior to the tapping must be known readiness or maturity that will be tapped rubber tree.
How to determine the readiness or maturity is to look at the age and measure wrap the stems.
Rubber plantations which have normal growth rates ready tapped at the age of five years with
the production period for 25-35 years. However, this is not considered appropriate because of
18

other factors that also affect the growth of plants, but not visible and can not be controlled by
humans. Ready tapping rubber trees are trees that already have a high one meter from the
boundary linkage grafting or from the ground surface to the origin of seed plants and has a
trunk circumference or girth of 45 cm. Rubber plantations began to be tapped when 55% of
the trees have been demonstrated mature tapping.
B. Equipment tapping
Determine the success tapping tapping equipment. The better the tools used, the better the
results. Various tapping equipment used is as follows.
a. Mal tapping or patron
b. tapping knives
c. Gutters latex or spout
d. Bowl or cup
e. bowl ring
f. rope ring
g. meter
h. knives mall
i. The depiction of the field tapping
C. Implementation Tapping
Rubber skin that will be tapped to be cleaned first so that fouling of the latex can be
prevented as early as possible. In the implementation of intercepts there are things that must
be considered, ie the thickness of the slice, slice depth, time of execution, and skin recovery
tapping fields.
a. Slice thickness tapping
b. Depth slices tapping
c. time tapping
d. Tapping the skin recovery field
D. Frequency and Intensity Lead

19

Frequency interval leads an interception with the unit of time in days (d), weeks (w),
months (m), and years (y). The unit depends on the tapping system. When tapping is done
continuously every day then tapping is marked with d / 1. Meanwhile, when performed with
an interval of two days, the time is marked with d / 2, and so on . In the regular or periodic
tapping, tapping length divided marked with numbers, while the length of rotation or rotation
until the skin is tapped back marked with the divisor.
2.6.4 Processing
Fresh latex collected from the garden were taken to a processing plant . Processing type
shown that Sheet . The principle of this type of rubber processing is changing the fresh latex
into sheets sheet . Bak / Tank Tank filtration and coagulation tank serves to collect latex
coagulation with aluminum . No tank measuring 10 x 3 x 16 feet and in bulkheads again be
76 or 91 smaller rooms .

20

CHAPTER III
DISCUSSION
3.1 Success
The success of everything that can be as long as doing prakerin is a lot to know what is not
known students and estate agency activities in the nursery rubber besides
do that, officials in many estate agencies in collaboration with another indusry. the results
nurseries are sold to the public.
3.2 Barriers
As long as we carry out work practices in service our estate industry experienced a wide
variety of obstacles such as:
Lack of knowledge and skills of students in doing prakerin
Lack of appropriate activities to agriculture such prakerin place.

21

CHAPTER IV
CLOSING
4.1 Conclusion
Prakerin activity is a form of learning from the school or from the location of the
practice and to acquire a broad knowledge of the field of agricultural sciences . in this case is
able to add insight into the world of business and industry . hopefully the experience that has
been gained a provision for the future so that they can be independent and be able to open
their own business field .

5.2 Suggestions
In order for the implementation of which will come prakerin done can run smoothly and
well, the authors members suggestions as follows:
1. Better for last suvervisi conducted by a tutor who who are concerned to facilitate mentors
with students in preparing reports prakerin which is a requirement to carry out tests at
SMK 3 Teluk Kuantan prakerin
2. For the word business / industry (ADU / in).
It should complement the equipment to work
Provide useful work for students
3. For students
Do not wait for work to come to us, should we ask for the job.

22

HERITAGE LIST

Budiyanto.2004.Budidaya karet,Pemanfaatan,Analisis Hasil Usaha dan

Pemasaran.Jakarta.
H.S.D.Sianturi,1980.Budidaya Tanaman Karet.Jakarta
Didit Heru Setiawan,Ir.Andoko Agus,Drs.2004.Petunjuk Lengkap Budidaya
Karet.Jakarta

23