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In oscillations, we observe that the motion is repetitive about a fixed point, with the
object at rest at the extremes of the motion and moving with maximum speed in either
direction at the midpoint.
Amplitude is the maximum displacement from the mean position.
Period is the time taken to complete on oscillation.
Frequency is the complete oscillations per second.
An oscillation that satisfies these conditions is said to have a simple harmonic motion:
The force acting on the oscillating body, and therefore its acceleration, is
proportional to the displacement of the body.
The force, and therefore the acceleration, always acts in a direction towards the
equilibrium position.
F = -k*x
The minus sign means the force is always opposite in direction to displacement.
A = -w2 * x, where w2 is the constant by convention.
SPRING:
A = -w2 * x
Oscillation period is given by: T = 2 * * root(m/k)
SIMPLE PENDULUM:
In perfect simple harmonic motion the frequency of the oscillations does not depend on
the amplitude of oscillation. We say the motion is isochronous.
X = A * cos(wt)
The equations for acceleration and velocity are found by differentiating the above
equation.
V = -w * A * sin(wt)
The acceleration is given by the gradient of the velocity-time graph at any instant.
a = -w2 * A * cos(wt)
w=2**f
A free oscillation is one in which no external force acts on the oscillating system except,
of course, the force causing the oscillation.
An oscillating system does work against
the external forces acting on it, such as air
resistance, and so uses up some of its
energy. This transfer of energy from the
oscillating system to internal energy of the
surrounding air causes oscillations to slow
down and eventually die away-the
oscillations are damped.
Forced oscillation is felt when the receiver
and source have the same vibrating
frequency.
RESONANCE: