48831-0321442571 TB

TEST BANK
to accompany
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
WORLD CIVILIZATIONS
The Global Experience
Single Volume Edition
Fifth Edition
John Lyons
Joliet Junior College
New York Boston San Francisco

London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid
Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal
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Test Bank to accompany Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert, World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Single
Volume Edition, Fifth Edition
Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Instructors may reproduce portions of this book for
classroom use only. All other reproductions are strictly prohibited without prior permission of the publisher, except
in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.
ISBN: 0-321-44257-1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10OPM09 08 07 06
Contents
Chapter 1 The Neolithic Revolution and the Birth of Civilization
Chapter 2 The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa
15
Chapter 3 Asias First Civilizations: India and China
31
Chapter 4 Unification and the Consolidation of Civilization in China
47
Chapter 5 Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece
64
Chapter 6 Religious Rivalries in Indias Golden Age
81
Chapter 7
97
Rome and its Empire
Chapter 8 The Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas
113
Chapter 9 The Spread of Civilization and the Movement of Peoples
129
Chapter 10 The End of the Classical Era: World History in Transition,

200-700 C.E.
146
Chapter 11 The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
164
Chapter 12 Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and
Southeast Asia
182
Chapter 13 African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam
199
Chapter 14 Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe
217
Chapter 15 A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
235
Chapter 16 The Americas on the Eve of Invasion
253
Chapter 17 Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and
Southeast Asia
270
Chapter 18 The Spread of Chinese Civilizations: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam
287
Chapter 19 The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur
304
Chapter 20 The West and the Changing World Balance
321
Chapter 21 The World Economy
333
Chapter 22 The Transformation of the West, 1450-1750
349
Chapter 23 The Rise of Russia
366
Chapter 24 Early Latin America
380
Chapter 25 Africa and the Africans in the Age of the Atlantic Slave Trade
397
Chapter 26 The Muslim Empires
414
Chapter 27 Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change
431
Chapter 28 The Emergence of Industrial Society in the West, 1750-1914
448
Chapter 29 Industrialization and Imperialism: The Making of the European

Global Order
462
Chapter 30 The Consolidation of Latin America, 1830-1920
478
Chapter 31 Civilizations in Crisis: The Ottoman Empire, The Islamic Heartlands

and Qing China
495
Chapter 32 Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West
512
Chapter 33 Descent into the Abyss: World War I and the Crisis of the European
Global Order
530
Chapter 34 The World Between the Wars: Revolutions, Depression, and

Authoritarian Response
546
Chapter 35 A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order
565
Chapter 36 Western Society and Eastern Europe in the Decades of the Cold War
580
st
Chapter 37 Latin America: Revolution and Reaction in the 21 Century
596
Chapter 38 Africa, the Middle East, and Asia in the Era of Independence
612
Chapter 39 Rebirth and Revolution: Nation Building in East Asia and the
Pacific Rim
628
Chapter 40 The End of the Cold War and the Shape of a New Era: World
History 1990-2006
646
Chapter 41 Globalization and Resistance: World History, 1990-2006
657
Chapter1 TheNeolithicRevolutionandtheBirth
ofCivilization
Multiple-ChoiceQuestions
1) Whichofthefollowingisthemostadvancedstageofhumanevolution?
A) HomoErectus
B) HomoAfricanus
C) HomoHabilis
D) Homosapiens
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:9
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) Thecreationofagriculturalsurplusesresultedin
A) socialstratification.
B) anindustrialrevolution.
C) matrilocalpatternsofmarriage.
D) alackofsocialstratification.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:18
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) Theriseoffarmingtookplaceinthe
A) PaleolithicEra.
B) BronzeAge.
C) NeolithicEra.
D) IronAge.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:17
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
4) TheNeolithicorNewStoneAgelastedfrom
A) 3000to500B.C.E.
B) 8000to3500B.C.E.
C) 12,000to8000B.C.E.
D) 4000to3000B.C.E.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:14
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
5) Theagriculturalrevolutionallowedwhichofthefollowingtransformationsinhumanculture
totakeplace?
A) Spreadofregularlycultivatedfields
B) Domesticationofanimals
C) Developmentoftowns
D) Alloftheabove
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:17
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
6) ThePaleolithicorOldStoneAgehadendedby
A) 5000B.C.E.
B) 8000B.C.E.
C) 3000B.C.E.
D) 15000B.C.E.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:10
Topic:HumanLifeintheEraofHuntersandGatherers
Skill:Factual
7) WhichofthefollowingattributeswasNOTanadvantageheldby Homosapiens?
A) Opposablethumbs
B) Alargerbrain
C) Superiorspeedandbodystrength
D) Erectposturewhichfreedhands
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:9
Skill:Conceptual
8) WhatwasoneofthetechnologicaladvancesofthePaleolithicpeoples?
A) Stonetools
B) Caves
C) Monumentalarchitecturalstructures
D) Bronzetools
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:11
Skill:Factual
9) GiventhelocationandsubjectmatterofPaleolithiccavepaintings,itislikelythattheearlyart
served
A) torelievetheotherwisedrabinteriorsofcaves.
B) asmapstolocategameherds.
C) religiousorritualpurposes.
D) toindicatethelimitedlevelofthinkingofPaleolithicmenandwomen.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:13
Skill:Conceptual
10) Thecontinentonwhichhumansoriginatedwas
A) Asia.
B) Africa.
C) Europe.
D) Australia.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:11
Skill:Factual
11) BythelatePaleolithicAge,humanshadcolonized
A) allofthecontinentsoftheEasternHemisphere.
B) Africa,Europe,andAsia.
C) allofthecontinentsexceptAustralia.
D) allofthecontinentsexceptAntarctica.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:11
Skill:Conceptual
12) MosthumansocietiesinthePaleolithicAgeconsistedof
A) urbanizedcivilizations.
B) smallgroupsofhuntersandgatherers.
C) sedentaryagriculturalgroups.
D) cave-dwellingbands.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:11
Skill:Conceptual
13) Huntingandgatheringbandsnormallyconsistedofgroupsofmenandwomennumbering
A) between20and30.
B) between30and50.
C) between50and100.
D) between100and500.
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:12
Skill:Factual
14) Inhuntingandgatheringbands,labor
A) wassharedequallybyallmembersofthegroup.
B) fellentirelytodominantmaleswithinthegroup.
C) wasdividedaccordingtogender.
D) fellentirelytofemaleswithinthegroup.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:12
Skill:Conceptual
15) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTalikelycontributionbyfemalestohuntingandgathering
bands?
A) ApplicationofMedicinalPlants
B) Givingbirthtomaintainthesizeoftheband
C) Huntinggame
D) Gatheringoffoodforbasicsubsistence
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:12
Skill:Conceptual
16) Twooftheareaswherehumansdevisedmoreintensivehuntingandgatheringpatternsthat
permittedestablishmentofpermanentsettlementswere
A) thechichimeccultureofMexicoandthepastoralsettlementofCatalHuyuk.
B) centralRussiaandtheNatufiancomplexoftheJordanrivervalley.
C) theNatufiancomplexoftheJordanrivervalleyandthePeruviancomplexof
Mesoamerica.
D) centralRussiaandthePeruviancomplexofMesoamerica.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:13-14
Skill:Factual
17) TheprobablecauseofthedeclineoftheNatufiancomplexafter9000B.C.E.was
A) aclimaticchangethatcausedtheregiontobecomemorearid.
B) aninvasionbybarbarians.
C) anaturaldisaster,possiblyanearthquake.
D) anunknownepidemicdisease.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:15
Skill:Conceptual
18) Thetermforyoungmengoingtolivewiththeirwivesfamiliesis
A) matrilineal.
B) matrilocal.
C) patrilineal.
D) patrilocal.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:14
Skill:Factual
19) Thetermforfamilydescentandinheritancetracedthroughthefemalelineis
A) matrilineal.
B) matrilocal.
C) patrilineal.
D) patrilocal.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:14
Skill:Factual
20) Lifestylesofintensivehuntingandgatheringgroupslivinginpermanentlocationsremained
precariousbecause
A) theyfailedtodevelopbettersheltersormoresecuresuppliesoffood.
B) theyfailedtoincreasethesizeofthehuntingandgatheringbands.
C) theyremainedvulnerabletoattacksfromnomadicgroups.
D) theyweredependentonparticularanimalsandplantsthatcoulddisappearifchangesin
theclimateoccurred.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:15
Skill:Conceptual
21) AllofthefollowingfactorsmayhaveledtotheadoptionofsedentaryagricultureEXCEPT
A) lesslaborwasrequiredforsedentaryagriculturethanforhuntingandgathering.
B) climaticchangesleadingtochangesinthegrazinglocationsofgameanimals.
C) climaticchangesleadingtochangesinplantecology.
D) anincreaseinhumanpopulation.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:15
Topic:AgricultureandtheOriginsofCivilization
Skill:Conceptual
22) Thetransitiontosedentaryagricultureisreferredtoas
A) thePaleolithicrevolution.
B) theBronzeAgerevolution.
C) theMesolithicrevolution.
D) theNeolithicrevolution.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:15
Skill:Factual
23) ThefirstgrainsdomesticatedintheMiddleEastwere
A) wheatandrice.
B) wheatandoats.
C) milletandrice.
D) wheatandbarley.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:15
Skill:Factual
24) Whichofthefollowingwerethemostdifficultanimalstodomesticate?
A) HornedCattle
B) Pigs
C) Dogs
D) SheepandGoats
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:16
Skill:Factual
25) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTanadvantagegainedfromthedomesticationofanimals?
A) Expandedchoiceofmaterialsforclothing
B) Materialsforboats
C) Additionalsourcesofprotein
D) Animalpowerforfarming
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:16
Skill:Conceptual
26) PastoralismhasNOTthrivedinwhichofthefollowingareas?
A) ThesavannazoneofeastandsouthAfrica
B) Australia
C) CentralAsia
D) TheSudanicbeltsouthoftheSaharadesert
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:16
Skill:Factual
27) Thegreatestchallengetosedentaryagriculturewasaformofsocialorganizationbasedon
intensiveherdingknownas
A) huntingandgathering.
B) pastoralism.
C) civilization.
D) bands.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:16
Skill:Factual
28) WhichofthefollowingregionsdidNOToriginateanagriculturalsystem?
A) Egypt
B) Australia
C) TheHuanghevalleyofChina
D) TheMiddleEast
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:17
Skill:Conceptual
29) AgriculturalsystemsintheMiddleEast,China,andtheAmericaswereall
A) basedonthesamegrains wheatandbarley.
B) basedonacombinationofdomesticatedplantsandanimals.
C) basedondifferentdomesticatedplantsineachregion.
D) dependentonpastoralformsofsocialorganization.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:16-17
Topic:TheNeolithicRevolution
Skill:Conceptual
30) Thetransformationsassociatedwiththeagrarianrevolutionoccurred
A) onlyintheMiddleEast,theareawhereagriculturewasfirstinitiated.
B) onlyinAfrica,theareawherehumansfirstdeveloped.
C) onlyintheEasternHemisphere.
D) inalloftheworldwherecivilizationsemerged.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:17
Skill:Conceptual
31) TheNeolithicrevolutioncausedthepopulationofhumansto
A) declineasfewerpeoplewereneededtoproducemorefood.
B) staythesameasfewpeoplebecamesedentary.
C) abandonhuntingandgatheringasameansofsubsistence.
D) increasefrom8millionto60or70million.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:17
Skill:Conceptual
32) Whichofthefollowingtechnologicalinnovationswasassociatedwiththetransitionto
sedentaryagriculturalcommunities?
A) Giggingsticks,axes,andplows
B) Fire
C) Wheeledvehicles
D) Steel
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:18
Skill:Conceptual
33) Insedentaryagriculturalcommunities,socialdistinctionswereheightened,
A) andorganizationintodistinctclassesoccurred.
B) butwell-definedsocialstratificationandclassidentitywasnon-existent.
C) buttherewaslittledivisionoflaborandoccupationalspecificity.
D) butnopoliticalelitesemerged.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:20
Skill:Conceptual
34) Incomparisontothepositionofwomeninhuntingandgatheringsocieties,thesocialstatusof
womeninsedentaryagriculturalcommunities
A) improved.
B) stayedaboutthesame.
C) allowedthemtomonopolizethereligiousandpoliticalelites.
D) declined.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:20
Skill:Conceptual
35) TotheChinese,abarbarianwasanyonewho
A) wasraciallydifferent.
B) didnotspeakChineseoradoptChineseways.
C) didnotfarm.
D) wasnotamemberofthepoliticalandreligiouselite.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:22
Topic:InDepth:TheIdeaofCivilizationinWorldHistoricalPerspective
Skill:Conceptual
36) Theconceptofbarbarians
A) wasstrictlyaChineseidea.
B) wasonlydevelopedinnineteenth-centuryEuropeanculture.
C) wascommonlyusedtodistinguishbetweencosmopolitan,urban -focusedculturesand
nomadicpeoples.
D) wasdroppedinmoderncultures.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:22-23
Skill:Conceptual
37) Peoplereferredtoasbarbarianswereoften
A) membersofurbanizedcultures.
B) membersofhunter-gathererbands.
C) sedentaryagriculturalists.
D) pastoralherdsmen.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:22-23
Skill:Conceptual
38) Theconceptofcivilizationbasedonracialcharacteristicswas
A) commonamongtheChinese.
B) developedbythinkersinwesternEuropeintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies
C) adoptedbytheRomansandtheGreeks.
D) nevertakenseriously.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:23
Skill:Conceptual
39) Racialconceptsofcivilizationwereutilizedtojustify
A) nineteenth-centuryimperialism.
B) theestablishmentoftheShangdynastyinChina.
C) theRomanempire.
D) theenslavementofconqueredpeoplesintheancientworld.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:23
Skill:Factual
10
40) Combinationsoftheideas,objects,andpatternsofbehaviorthatresultfrom
humansocialinteractionarereferredtoas
A) culture.
B) society.
C) civilization.
D) socialstratification.
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:23
Skill:Conceptual
41) Byabout7000B.C.E.,techniquesofagriculturalproductionintheMiddleEasthadreacheda
levelthat
A) permittedtheestablishmentofthefirsttowns.
B) permittedtheestablishmentofhugecities.
C) forcedareturntohuntingandgathering.
D) allowedmostpeopletoengageinotheroccupations.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:20
Topic:TheFirstTowns:SeedbedsofCivilization
Skill:Conceptual
42) IndenselypopulatedMiddleEasternagriculturalsettlements,occupationalspecializationand
political-militaryelites
A) advancedsignificantly.
B) failedtodevelop.
C) wereretardedbythegeneralfailureoforganizedreligion.
D) remainedatthelevelofhuntingandgatheringsocieties.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:20
Skill:Conceptual
11
43) WhichofthefollowingdevelopmentswasNOTakeyingredientofearlyMiddleEastern
civilization?
A) Theexistenceofspecializednon-farmingproducers
B) Theexistenceofnon-farmingpoliticalandreligiouselites
C) Craftssuchaspotteryandmetalworking
D) Heavyrelianceonpastoralism
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:20-21
Skill:Conceptual
44) Jericho,oneoftheearlytowncenters,waslocated
A) inEgypt.
B) inAsiaMinor.
C) intheJordanrivervalley.
D) intheHuangherivervalley.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:20
Skill:Factual
45) TheeconomyofJerichowasbasedprimarilyon
A) huntingandtrade.
B) pastoralism.
C) themanufactureofflinttools.
D) cultivationofbarleyandwheat.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:20
Skill:Factual
46) CatalHuyuk,oneoftheearlyagriculturalcommunities,waslocated
A) inEgypt.
B) insouthernTurkey.
C) intheJordanrivervalley.
D) intheHuangherivervalley.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:21
Skill:Factual
12
47) IncomparisontoJericho,CatalHuyukhadapopulation
A) thatwaslargerandmorediversified.
B) one-halftoone-thirdaslarge.
C) thatwasaboutthesame.
D) nearly10timesaslarge.
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:21
Skill:Factual
48) ThemanyreligiousshrinesatCatalHuyukindicatetheexistenceof
A) humansacrificeonamassivescale.
B) therejectionoffemalefertilitycults.
C) apowerfulpriesthood.
D) povertyamongthecitizensofthetown.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:21
Skill:Conceptual
49) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTatransformationassociatedwiththefourthmillennium
B.C.E.(4000to3000B.C.E.)?
A) Increaseduseoftheplow
B) Theharnessingofanimalpoweronallcontinents
C) Useofbronzeforweapons
D) Thedevelopmentofwriting
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:21-22
Topic:Conclusion:TheWatershedoftheFourthMillenniumB.C.E.
Skill:Conceptual
50) WhatwastheheartoftheNeolithicRevolutionthatbecamethebasisforthespreadof
humansocieties?
A) Innovativetechnologiesandmodesofagrarianproduction
B) Religion
C) Hunting
D) Architecture
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:23
Topic:Conclusion:TheWatershedoftheFourthMillenniumB.C.E.
Skill:Conceptual
13
EssayQuestions
1) WhatwerethemostsignificanthumanachievementsbeforetheNeolithicperiod?
Answer: Developmentoffire,tools,language,art,agricultureandtrade.Thecolonizationof
mostareasoftheworldandtheestablishmentofsmallcommunities.
Diff:2
PageRef:8-15
Skill:Conceptual
2) ComparethePaleolithicAge(theOldStoneAge)andtheNeolithicAge(theNewStoneAge)
intermsofmeansofsubsistenceandsocialorganization.
Answer: Paleolithic:organizationinbands;dependenceonhuntingandgathering;some
intensivehuntingandgatheringcommunities.Neolithic:domesticationofplantsand
animals;creationofsedentaryagriculturalcommunities;moresocialstratificationand
occupationalspecialization.
Diff:2
PageRef:8-20
Skill:Conceptual
3) ComparethestatusofwomeninthePaleolithicAgewiththatofwomeninthesedentary
agriculturalcommunitiesoftheNeolithicera.
Answer: Paleolithic:Highsocialstatus;significanteconomiccontributiongathering,medicinal,
reproductive;centerofreligiousfertilitycults.Neolithic:reducedstatus;males
dominatedmostofproductiveeconomy,politicalandreligiouselites.
Diff:2
PageRef:9-20
Skill:Conceptual
4) Definecivilization.Howhastheconceptofcivilizationchangedovertheages?
Answer: Civilization:SeedefinitioninTerms.Changes:originallyaculturaldefinition,favored
urban-focusedsocieties;seventeenthandeighteenthcenturies,creationofhierarchiesof
civilization;nineteenthcenturycreationofraciallybasedhierarchyofcivilization.
Diff:2
PageRef:22-23
Topic:In-Depth:TheIdeaofCivilizationinWorldHistoricalPerspective
Skill:Conceptual
5) HowdidtheexistenceofsedentaryagriculturaltownssuchasJerichoandCatalHuyuk
contributetothedevelopmentofcivilization?
Answer: Setbasicpatternsforfortification(walledcities);layout planneddomestic
architecture,ritualcenters;existenceofpowerfulpoliticalandreligiouselites;existence
oftrade;existenceofsocialstratificationandeconomicspecialization.
Diff:2
PageRef:20-23
Skill:Conceptual
14
Chapter2 TheRiseofCivilizationintheMiddleEast
andAfrica
1) AtwhatdatedidthefirstcivilizationsemergeintheMiddleEast?
A) 2000B.C.E.
B) 1000B.C.E.
C) 5000B.C.E.
D) 4000B.C.E.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:27
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
2) ThereasonthatcivilizationappearedatanearlydateintheMiddleEastwasthat
A) settledagriculture,dependentonorganizedirrigationsystems,hademergedthere.
B) therewasahigherconcentrationofhumansinthisregionthananywhereelse.
C) therewerenohuntingandgatheringsocietiesintheregion.
D) itwastheonlyregionintheworldtodevelopsedentaryagriculture.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:27
Topic:TheMiddleEastby4000B.C.E.
Skill:Conceptual
3) Alongwhichriverdidthefirstcivilizationemerge?
A) PersianGulf
B) Huanghe
C) Nile
D) TigrisandEuphrates
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:28
Skill:Conceptual
15
4) Whichofthefollowingfacilitatedthedevelopmentofthefirstcivilizations?
A) Irrigationsystems
B) Supplementaryhuntingandgathering
C) Monumentalarchitecture
D) Roadsandtransportationsystems
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:27
Skill:Factual
5) Whatwasthefirstrivervalleycivilization?
A) Egypt
B) Sumer
C) Mesoamerica
D) Anatolia
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:27
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
6) Technologicalinnovationsoccurringbetween6000and4000B.C.E.preparedthewayfor
civilizationby
A) leadingtoanindustrialrevolution.
B) ensuringmoreconsistentsurplusesoffoodandnecessaryproducts.
C) allowingtheeliminationofhumanlaborintheproductionoffood.
D) removingthenecessityofsocialstratification.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:28
Skill:Conceptual
7) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTatechnologicalinnovationleadingtocivilization?
A) Wheel
B) Useofbronze
C) Writing
D) Useofanimalbones
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:27
Skill:Conceptual
16
8) ThefirstcivilizationtoemergeintheMiddleEastwascreatedbythe
A) Assyrians.
B) Egyptians.
C) Babylonians.
D) Sumerians.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:27
Topic:CivilizationinMesopotamia
Skill:Factual
9) Before3000B.C.E.oneaccomplishmentoftheSumerianswasthe
A) conquestofEgypt.
B) establishmentofacentralizedmonarchy.
C) developmentofreligiouscentersandtemplecomplexes.
D) dominationofthenorthernTigris-Euphratesvalley.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:30
Skill:Conceptual
10) WhichofthefollowingisNOTanaccuratedescriptionoftheSumerianformofwriting?
A) Itwasdoneonclaytablets.
B) Itwasusedtokeeplistsofgoodsandreceipts.
C) Priestsandofficialsdevelopedanear-monopolyoftheskill.
D) Itnevermadethetransitionfrompictogramstophoneticsymbols.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:29
Skill:Conceptual
11) Sumerianwritingiscalled
A) hieroglyphics.
B) LinearA.
C) cuneiform.
D) pictographic.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:29
Skill:Factual
17
12) TheprincipleofpoliticalorganizationinSumeriancivilizationwas
A) tightlycontrollednation-states.
B) tightlyorganizedcity-states.
C) huntingandgatheringbands.
D) sedentaryagriculturalvillages.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:29
Skill:Conceptual
13) TheSumeriangovernmentstookoverallofthefollowingpoliticalfunctionsEXCEPT
A) thecreationofauniformcodeoflaw.
B) thedefinitionofboundaries.
C) theregulationofreligionandjustice.
D) defenseandwarfare.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:29
Skill:Conceptual
14) ThescopeofSumeriangovernmentwasoftenmore
A) imperialthanregional.
B) republicanthanmonarchic.
C) democraticthanoligarchic.
D) regionalthanimperial.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:29
Skill:Conceptual
15) UrbanpopulationsinSumeriancitiesrangedfrom
A) 5000to10,000.
B) 10,000to30,000.
C) 10,000to50,000.
D) 10,000to70,000.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:29
Skill:Factual
18
16) TheSumerianscreatedamoreelaboratecultureincludingtheworldsfirstheroicepic,
A) theAeneid.
B) theEpicofGilgamesh.
C) theIliad.
D) theGreatFlood.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:29
Skill:Factual
17) Whatisanimism?
A) Amassivetower
B) Templeswithstatuesandpaintedfrescos
C) Theideasthatadivineforcelieswithinnaturalobjects
D) Mathematicaladvances
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:30
Skill:Conceptual
18) ZigguratswereSumerian
A) wheeledvehicles.
B) irrigationsystems.
C) slaves.
D) towers.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:30
Skill:Factual
19) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSumerianreligioniscorrect?
A) TheSumeriansbelievedinasinglegodwhoweighedallsoulsatdeath.
B) TheSumeriansbelievedinajoyousafterlifefortherighteous.
C) SomeofthebasicelementsofSumerianreligioncontinuedtohaveforceinJudaism,
Christianity,andIslam.
D) Sumerianreligionrejectedanimisminfavorofabstractanddistantdeities.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:30
Skill:Conceptual
19
20) WhatwasdistinctiveaboutSumeriancivilizationatthetime?
A) Socialstratificationandagriculturalsurpluses
B) Aclearly-definedgovernmentandlargecities
C) Occupationalspecializationandpatriarchy
D) Pastoralismandmonumentalarchitecture
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:31
Skill:Conceptual
21) WhichstatementistrueconcerningHammurabisLawCode?
A) Everyonewasequalbeforethelaw
B) Menandwomenfacedthesamepunishmentsforcommittingthesamecrimes
C) ReligiousormagicalbeliefsdonotplayaroleintheCode
D) Punishmentswereoftenharsh
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:34
Skill:Conceptual
22) AllofthefollowingwereimportantcontributionsofSumerianscienceEXCEPT
A) asystemofnumbersbasedonunitsof12,60,and360.
B) chartsofmajorconstellations.
C) theearliestanatomicalatlases.
D) acommitmenttoobservationandabstractthought.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:29
Skill:Conceptual
20
23) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtherelationshipofcivilizationandwritingis
correct?
A) Writingallowedforthekeepingofcomplexrecordsandtheestablishmentofformal
bureaucracies.
B) Writingwasmoreimportanttothedevelopmentofcivilizationthansedentary
agriculture.
C) Mostcivilizationsdevelopedwithoutwriting.
D) Nosophisticatedcivilizationdevelopedwithoutasystemofwriting.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:31
Skill:Conceptual
24) WhichofthefollowingisNOTadrawbacktocivilization?
A) Aggressivebehaviorandwarfare
B) Greaterinequalitybetweenmenandwomen
C) Strictersocialstratificationintoclassesorcastes
D) Decreasedwealthandfoodsurpluses
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:31
Skill:Conceptual
25) ThefirstrulertocreateanempireinMesopotamiawas
A) GilgameshofErech.
B) DumuziofUr.
C) SargonIofAkkad.
D) NebuchadnezzarofBabylon.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:31
Skill:Factual
21
26) By2000B.C.E.Mesopotamia
A) wascentralizedinasingle,powerfulempireundertheBabylonians.
B) wasconqueredbytheHittites.
C) hadrevertedtoregionalcity-states.
D) hadregressedtothelevelofhuntingandgatheringsocieties.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:32
Skill:Conceptual
27) ThepoliticalunityofallofMesopotamiawasfirstachievedin1800B.C.E.bythe
A) Assyrians.
B) Sumerians.
C) Hittites.
D) Babylonians.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:32
Skill:Factual
28) OneofthemostsignificantaccomplishmentsofHammurabiwasthe
A) conquestofEgypt.
B) codificationofthelawsofMesopotamia.
C) constructionofthemonumentalarchitectureofHattusas.
D) destructionoftheBabylonianempire.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:33
Skill:Factual
22
29) WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheBabylonianempireismostaccurate?
A) Althoughwarlike,theBabylonianswereculturallyprimitive.
B) OfallthesuccessorsoftheSumerians,theBabyloniansconstructedthemostelaborate
culture.
C) TheBabyloniansmadesomecontributionsinliterature,butwerelesscapablein
astronomyandmathematics.
D) Babylonianinfluencewaslimitedbecauseofitsfailuretoestablishacommoncultural
zoneinMesopotamia.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:33
Skill:Conceptual
30) WhichofthefollowingpeopleswasresponsiblefortheconquestoftheBabylonianempireca.
1600B.C.E.?
A) Sumerians
B) Assyrians
C) Hittites
D) Egyptians
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:35
Skill:Factual
31) Egyptiancivilizationdevelopedalongwhichriver?
A) TheNile.
B) TheRedSea.
C) TheTigrisandEuphrates
D) TheHuanghe
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:35
Topic:AncientEgypt
Skill:Conceptual
23
32) ThefirstpharaohofEgyptwas
A) Amenhotep.
B) Gilgamesh.
C) Akhenaton.
D) Narmer.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:36
Topic:AncientEgypt
Skill:Factual
33) WhichofthefollowingwascharacteristicofthepowerofthepharaohinEgyptiancivilization?
A) Therulerhadauthoritylimitedtohisowncity-state
B) Thepharaohspowerwastruncatedbythelackofaformalbureaucracy
C) HewasregardedasagodwithpowertoassureprosperityandcontroltheNile
D) Thepharaohsauthoritywaslimitedbyindependentregionalgovernors
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:36
Topic:AncientEgypt
Skill:Conceptual
34) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTcharacteristicofEgyptianreligiousbeliefconcerningdeath?
A) Constructionofmassivefuneralmonuments
B) Mummification
C) Deathritualsthatextendedorganizationtotheafterlife
D) Deathritualsthatconsignedmostmembersofsocietytoendlessdarkness
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:36-37
Topic:AncientEgypt
Skill:Conceptual
35) TheEgyptianformofwritingiscalled
A) cuneiform.
B) hieroglyphic.
C) LinearA.
D) cursive.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:37
Topic:AncientEgypt
Skill:Factual
24
36) OneofthemajordifferencesbetweenEgyptianliterarytraditionandMesopotamianliterary
workswas
A) thelackofanepicliterarytraditioninEgypt.
B) thelackofanepicliterarytraditioninMesopotamia.
C) thelesspictographicnatureofEgyptianwriting.
D) theEgyptianuseofclaytablets.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:37
Topic:AncientEgypt
Skill:Conceptual
37) ThepillarofEgyptianculturewas
A) astronomy.
B) mathematics.
C) religion.
D) appliedtechnology.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:37
Topic:AncientEgypt
Skill:Conceptual
38) ThefairlysteadydeclineofEgyptiancivilizationbeganaround
A) 2000B.C.E.
B) 1500B.C.E.
C) 1150B.C.E.
D) 900B.C.E.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:38
Topic:AncientEgypt
Skill:Factual
39) ComparedtoMesopotamiancivilization,Egyptiancivilizationwas
A) lessstableduetomanyforeignincursions.
B) lessstableduetomanypoliticalchanges.
C) morestableduetofewforeignincursions.
D) morestableduetobrutalrepressivemeasures.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:39
Topic:AncientEgypt
Skill:Conceptual
25
40) WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizestheeconomicdifferencesbetweenEgypt
andMesopotamia?
A) UnlikeMesopotamia,Egyptwasheavilydependentontrade.
B) Mesopotamiancivilizationhadnomerchantclass.
C) Egyptiancivilizationhadnofarming.
D) UnlikeEgypt,Mesopotamiawasheavilydependentontrade.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:40
Topic:EgyptandMesopotamiaCompared
Skill:Conceptual
41) Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesoneofthemostdistinctivesimilaritiesof
EgyptianandMesopotamiancivilizations?
A) Bothwerestronglystratifiedwithdistinctiveclassesofnobles,priests,peasants,and
slaves.
B) Bothhadreligionsthatfeaturedemphasisonpreparationforandritualsrelatingtothe
afterlife.
C) Bothfeaturedstrongregionalgovernmentattheexpenseofcity-states.
D) Neitherculturewasabletoachieveadvancesinscienceortechnology.
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:40
Skill:Conceptual
42) Agriculturalsocietiesinwhichmencontrolledmostorallpropertywerenormally
A) patriarchal.
B) martrilineal.
C) matriarchal.
D) sociallyunstratified.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:38
Skill:Conceptual
26
43) Whydidsexualinequalityexistinsomanysocieties?
A) Womenhadnoreligiousroles
B) Thestatusofwomenreflectedthevalueoftheirlaborinagriculturalsociety
C) Nosocietiescontinuedtopracticematrilineardescentandinheritance
D) Therewerenofemalerulersinancientsocieties
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:38-39
Skill:Conceptual
44) WhatwasthefirstAfricanstateotherthanEgypttoemerge?
A) Minoan
B) Phoenicia
C) Assyria
D) Kush
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:40
Topic:CivilizationCentersinAfricaandtheEasternMediterranean
Skill:Factual
45) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTproducedbyKushiteculture?
A) Hieroglyphicwriting
B) Ironmaking
C) Bronzeweapons
D) Strongmonarchies
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:41
Skill:Conceptual
46) ThemostsignificantcontributionoftheearlyJewishstatetoWesterncivilizationwas
A) itssenseofadivineplan.
B) itsuseofelaborateritualsconcerningdeath.
C) itsemphasisondivinekingship.
D) thedevelopmentofastrongmonotheisticreligion.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:42
Skill:Conceptual
27
47) WhichofthefollowingpeoplessuccessfullycolonizedthewesternMediterranean?
A) Minoans
B) Hittites
C) Phoenicians
D) Assyrians
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:43
Skill:Factual
48) Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribestheimpactofthe
Indo-EuropeansontheancientcivilizationsoftheMiddleEast?
A) TheyrapidlyadaptedtoMesopotamiancultureandsohadminimalimpact.
B) Theycameinsuccessivewaves,disruptedthecivilizationsofEgyptandMesopotamia,
andintroducedtheuseofiron
C) AlthoughtheIndo-Europeaninvasionshadatemporaryimpact,theancientcivilizations
soonrecovered
D) TheIndo-EuropeanimpactwaslimitedtoAsiaMinorandtheGreekmainland
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:43
Topic:TheEndoftheEarlyCivilizationPeriod
Skill:Conceptual
49) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaheritageoftheancientcivilizations?
A) ThestoryoftheGreatFlood
B) Architecturalforms
C) Matriarchy
D) Useofmoney
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:43
Topic:Conclusion:TheIssueofHeritage
Skill:Conceptual
28
50) WhichofthefollowingwereNOTlatercivilizationsinfluencedbytheMesopotamians?
A) India
B) Greece
C) Christianity
D) Islam
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:43
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) WhydidcivilizationemergeintheTigris-Euphratesvalley?WhatwasthenatureofSumerian
civilization?
Answer: Creationoflarge-scaleirrigationprojects;technologicaladvances;introductionof
writing;politicalorganizationintocity-states;creationofelaboratecultureepic
literature,astronomy,andscience.
Diff:2
PageRef:27-30
Skill:Conceptual
2) HowdidSumeriansocietyextendtheconceptofcivilization?HowsignificantwereSumerian
contributions?
Answer: Establishmentoforganizedgovernments;cities,whichallowedamassingofwealthand
power,exchangeofideas,technologicaldevelopment,specializationinmanufacture
andtrade;writing,whichallowedrecords,developmentofbureaucracies,more
elaborateintellectuallife,readiertransmissionofvaluesystems.
Diff:2
PageRef:30-31
Skill:Conceptual
3) CompareandcontrastEgyptianandMesopotamiancivilization.
Answer: Similarities:emphasisonsocialstratification,culturaldevelopmentinscience,
conservatismtowardsocialchange;contrasts:differentformsofgovernment,Egypt
lackedliterarytradition,Egypthadmoremonumentalarchitecture,moretechnological
advanceinMesopotamia,statusofwomenhigherinEgypt,Egyptmorestable.
Diff:2
PageRef:39-40
Skill:Conceptual
29
4) InwhatwaysweretheKush,MinoansandPhoeniciansinfluencedbyEgyptand
Mesopotamia?
Answer: Kush:politicalorganization,writingtakenfromEgypt;Minoans:tookwriting,
monumentalarchitecture,politicalorganizationfromEgypt;Phoenicians:writingfrom
Mesopotamia,andEgyptiannumberingsystem.
Diff:3
PageRef:40-43
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhatwasthetechnicalandculturalheritageofthecivilizationsoftheancientNearEast?
Answer: Technical:writing,calendars,scientificandastronomicalknowledge,irrigation,useof
iron,potterswheel,wheeledvehicles,useofmoney,writtenlawcodes;cultural:story
ofGreatFlood,vocabulary,musicinstrumentsandscales,architecturalforms,political
forms,distinctivecosmology,patriarchalsociety.
Diff:2
PageRef:43-44
Skill:Conceptual
30
Chapter3 AsiasFirstCivilizations:IndiaandChina
1) WhatwasoneofthestrongestsimilaritiesbetweentheEgyptian,Mesopotamian,Harappan,
andChinesecivilizations?
A) Locatedneargreatriversystems
B) Lackofawrittenlanguage
C) City-statepoliticalorganization
D) Lackofcentralizedauthority
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:46
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) WhatwasoneofthegreatestdifferencesbetweenHarappancivilizationand
Chinesecivilization?
A) Useofwrittenlanguage
B) Twogreatcapitals
C) Failuretoprovidethebasisforacontinuouscivilization
D) Significanceofshamansandpriests
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:48
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) TheHarappancivilizationdevelopedalongwhatrivervalleysystem?
A) Nile
B) Indus
C) Yellow
D) Ganges
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:49
Topic:TheIndusValleyandSouthAsianCivilization
Skill:Factual
31
4) SeasonalwindsthatcarryraintotheIndiansubcontinentarecalled
A) typhoons.
B) hurricanes.
C) Saharahighs.
D) monsoons.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:49
Skill:Factual
5) WhatwasthefirstcivilizationtoemergeintheIndiansubcontinent?
A) Aryan
B) Harappan
C) Shang
D) Assyrian
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:49
Skill:Factual
6) WhichmountainrangecarvedouttheIndusRiversystem?
A) TheAndes
B) TheKhingan
C) TheVindhya
D) TheHimalayas
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:49
Skill:Factual
7) WhatagriculturalproductsdidHarappancivilizationcultivate?
A) Wheat,rye,andpotatoes
B) Wheat,corn,andpotatoes
C) Wheat,rye,andcorn
D) Wheat,rye,andpeas
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:50
Skill:Conceptual
32
8) ThetwomajorcitiesofHarappancivilizationwereHarappaand
A) Loyang.
B) Nineveh.
C) Mohenjo-Daro.
D) Memphis.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:49
Skill:Factual
9) WhichareasdidHarappancivilizationtradewith?
A) MesopotamiaandwesternEurope
B) MesopotamiaandChina
C) ChinaandwesternEurope
D) WesternEuropeandtheAmericas
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:50-51
Skill:Conceptual
10) WhichofthefollowingcharacteristicswasNOTtypicalofthecapitalsofHarappan
civilization?
A) Massivecitywalls
B) Plannedlayoutofsquaregridpattern
C) Variationindomesticarchitecture
D) Citadelsforadministrationanddefense
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:50
Skill:Conceptual
11) AllofthefollowingwerecharacteristicofHarappancitadelsEXCEPT
A) publicbathingareas.
B) placesofworship.
C) talltowersorziggurats.
D) livingquartersfortheelite.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:50
Skill:Conceptual
33
12) Abouttheonlysimilaritybetweenthecitadelsanddomesticarchitecturewas
A) ornateexternaldecoration.
B) lackofstandardization.
C) constructionofwoodandstone.
D) presenceofbathingfacilities.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:50-51
Skill:Conceptual
13) WhichofthefollowingisNOTcharacteristicoftheHarappaneconomy?
A) Irrigationsystems
B) Absenceofevidencefortrade
C) Avariedagriculturalsystembasedonwheat,rye,peas,andrice
D) Cultivationofcotton
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:50-51
Skill:Conceptual
14) WhywastheHarappanmaterialculturerelativelyunsophisticated?
A) Theydidnotestablishcommercialrelationshipswithothercivilizations.
B) Theylackedthetypeofcentralizedgovernmentthatcoulddisseminatetechnological
improvements.
C) Despitecontactswithothercivilizations,theywereintenselyconservativeandresistant
tochange.
D) Constantnaturaldisasters(floods)hinderedtechnologicalinnovation.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:51
Skill:Conceptual
15) WhatappearstohavebeenthefocusofHarappanreligion?
A) Fertility
B) Warfare
C) Theafterlife
D) Monotheism
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:51
Skill:Conceptual
34
16) WhatgroupappearstohavebeeninchargeofHarappansociety?
A) Themilitaryelite
B) Acommercialelite
C) Astrictlyfemaledynasty
D) Aneliteofpriests
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:51
Skill:Factual
17) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTalikelycauseofthedemiseofHarappancivilization?
A) Suddendefeatatthehandsofnomadicinvaders
B) Naturaldisasters(floods)
C) Changesintheclimate
D) Lossofcontrolbytheelite
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:51
Skill:Conceptual
18) TheAryansweremembersofwhatlinguisticgroup?
A) Egyptian
B) Semitic
C) Indo-European
D) Hamitic
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:52
Topic:TheAryanIncursionsandEarlyAryanSociety
Skill:Factual
19) WhatwasSanskrit?
A) AnAryangod
B) Alanguage
C) AnAryanleader
D) Religioustexts
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:52
Skill:Factual
35
20) TheVedaswereAryan
A) hymnsoriginallyusedforanimalsacrifices,entertainment,andhistory.
B) twinfemaledeitiesdedicatedtofertilityrites.
C) twinmaledeitiesdedicatedtowarandhorsemanship.
D) horsescriticaltotheirmilitarydominanceoverthenativeHarappancivilization.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:52
Topic:TheAryanInvasionsandEarlyAryanSociety
Skill:Conceptual
21) ThechiefdeityoftheAryanswas
A) Indra,godofbattleandlightning.
B) anunnamedmalegodwithlonghorns.
C) Tian,godofHeaven.
D) Veda,goddessoffertility.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:52
Skill:Factual
22) TheonetechnologyinwhichtheAryanssurpassedtheHarappanswas
A) agriculturaltools.
B) domesticarchitecture.
C) monumentalarchitecture.
D) weapons.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:53
Skill:Conceptual
36
23) WhatsortofrelationshipsdidtheAryansmaintainwiththeconqueredpopulation?
A) TheAryansimmediatelyincorporatedallmembersofconqueredgroupswhowere
willingtofightintheirarmies.
B) Theconqueredpeoples,calledDasas,wereenslavedandtheAryansprohibitedallsocial
relationshipswiththem.
C) BecausetheAryanslackedasystemofsocialstratification,theconqueredpeopleswere
soonincorporatedinAryansociety.
D) TheconqueredpeoplewerepermittedtoenterallranksofAryansocietyexceptthe
priesthood.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:53
Skill:Conceptual
24) HowdidtheAryanlevelofsocialintegrationcomparetothatofHarappan
civilization?
A) TheAryansofferedamorecentralizedtraditionofabsolutestatehood.
B) TheAryanswerelesswarlikeandthusdependedmoreonapriesthoodthanthe
Harappans.
C) TheAryansfailedtosurpasstheleveloftribalorganizationandremainednomadic
pastoralists.
D) TheAryanshadalesscentralizedtraditionoftribalorganizationandthenlatercreated
smallkingdoms.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:55
Skill:Conceptual
25) IntheearlydaystheAryanbandsweredividedintohowmanysocialgroups?
A) 12
B) Nine
C) Therewerenodistinctsocialgroups
D) Three
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:53
Skill:Factual
37
26) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTavarna inAryansociety?

A) Artisans
B) Brahmans
C) Warriors
D) Peasants
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:53
Skill:Conceptual
27) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelyreflectsthenatureofAryanhouseholds?
A) Althoughpatriarchalinauthority,bothmatrilocalmarriagepatternsandmatrilineal
descentwerecustomary.
B) Aryanhouseholdswerereflectiveoftheirtribalbackgroundandlackedwell -defined
authoritystructures.
C) Aryanhouseholdsreflectedmaledominancefeaturingpatriarchalauthority,patrilocal
marriagepatterns,andpatrilinealdescent.
D) Aryanhouseholdspracticedpatriarchalauthoritypatternsandpatrilocalmarriage
customs,buttraceddescentthroughthefemaleline.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:54
Skill:Conceptual
28) WhatwasthenatureofAryanreligion?
A) Monotheistic,dedicatedtothegodVeda
B) Polytheistic,featuringprimarilyfemalefertilitydeities
C) Polytheistic,featuringprimarilymaledeitiesrelatedtowar,fire,andrain
D) Polytheistic,featuringprimarilyanimaldeities
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:54
Skill:Conceptual
38
29) WhichofthefollowingrepresentstheprimaryconcernofAryanReligion?
A) Thenatureofthesoul
B) Thefateofthedeadandthequalityoftheafterlife
C) Thepurposeofcreation
D) Praiseofdeitiesandritualsofsacrifice
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:54
Skill:Conceptual
30) WhatwastheculturalrelationshipbetweenHarappancivilizationandtheAryans?
A) TheAryansadoptednearlyalltheculturalattributesoftheHarappansincluding
urbanizationandpoliticalcentralization.
B) TheAryansrapidlyassimilatedtheHarappanagriculturaltechniquesincludingmassive
irrigationprojects,butrejectedallelse.
C) TheAryansacceptedtheHarappanreligiouspantheon,butwereunabletoachievethe
technologicalproficiencyoftheHarappans.
D) TherewaslittlecontinuitybetweenHarappanandAryancultures.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:55
Skill:Conceptual
31) Chinesecivilizationbeganwithinwhatrivervalleysystem?
A) HuangheorYellow
B) Yangtze
C) Indus
D) Ganges
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:55
Topic:ABendintheRiverandtheBeginningsofChina
Skill:Factual
39
32) Oneoftheprimaryfeaturesthatencouragedthedevelopmentofsedentaryagricultureinthe
OrdosbulgeofChinawastheexistenceof
A) loess,anextremelyfertilesoil.
B) regularandadequateannualrainfall.
C) mountainsthatsurroundedtheregiononallsides.
D) broaddeltaregionscreatedbythemouthoftheriversystem.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:55
Skill:Conceptual
33) Whichofthefollowingcultureswasbasedprimarilyonhuntingandfishingsupplementedby
shiftingcultivation?
A) Yangshao
B) Longshan
C) Shang
D) Zhou
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:55
Skill:Conceptual
34) WhichofthefollowingwasafeatureoftheLongshanculture?
A) Sedentarycultivationofriceasthemajorcrop
B) Permanent,walledvillages
C) Centralizedmonarchy
D) Theabsenceofariversystem
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:56
Skill:Conceptual
35) LikeHarappancivilization,earlyChinesecivilizationemphasizedtheimportanceof
A) concernfortheafterlife.
B) oraclesanddivinationbyanimalbones.
C) irrigation.
D) completestandardizationofsociety.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:56
Skill:Conceptual
40
36) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheChinesekingdomofXiaiscorrect?
A) Xiahadahighlycentralizedpoliticalsystemcenteredinasinglecapitalinthewestern
portionoftheOrdosbend.
B) LikeAryansociety,thekingdomofXiaconsistedoflooselyorganizedmilitarytribes.
C) TherearenoarchaeologicalremainsassociatedwithXia,andthekingdommaybe
mythical.
D) ThekingdomofXiaemergedfromthevassalstatesoftheShang.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:56
Skill:Conceptual
37) WhatdynastyestablishedthefirstactualkingdomofancientChina?
A) Xia
B) Shang
C) Han
D) Ming
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:56
Skill:Factual
38) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTadistinctivefeatureofearlyChinesecivilizationunderthe
Shang?
A) Cookingvesselsandcuisine
B) Matrilineallinesofdescent
C) Useofsilkfabrics
D) Divinationbasedoncrackedanimalbones
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:57
Skill:Conceptual
41
39) WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutShangwarfare?
A) TheShangwerewarlikenomads.
B) Shangbattleshingedonhand-to-handcombatbetweenchosenchampions.
C) TheShangoftenfoughtonhorseback.
D) Alloftheabove.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:56
Skill:Conceptual
40) WhichofthefollowingmostaccuratelydescribesthenatureofShanggovernment?
A) Shangmonarchsruledasdespotsaidedonlybyasizeablebureaucracy.
B) Shanggovernmentwasessentiallytribalwithlittlesocialstratificationoreconomic
specialization.
C) TheShanggovernmentwasbasedoncity-statessimilartothoseofMesopotamia.
D) TheShangruledthroughvassalretainerswhoreceivedcontroloverlandandpeasantsin
returnforpaymentoftributetotheking.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:57
Skill:Conceptual
41) ThefamilypatternmostcommonamongtheeliteduringtheShangperiodinChinawas
A) thepatriarchalextendedfamily.
B) thematrilinealextendedfamily.
C) thepatriarchalnuclearfamily.
D) thematrilinealnuclearfamily.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:57
Skill:Conceptual
42) Unliketheelite,thefamilypatternforpeasantsduringtheShangperiodwas
A) thepatriarchalextendedfamily.
B) thematriarchalextendedfamily.
C) thepatriarchalnuclearfamily.
D) thematriarchalnuclearfamily.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:57
Skill:Conceptual
42
43) WhichofthefollowingmostaccuratelydescribesthedeathritualsforShangroyalty.
A) LikeMesopotamianmonarchs,theShanghadnoparticularfascinationwiththeafterlife.
B) TheShangpracticedritualcremationoftheirroyalty.
C) LiketheEgyptians,Shangmonarchswereburiedwiththeirwives,servants,retainers,
andwarcaptives.
D) ShangroyaltyweresetadriftontheHuangheinshipsthathadbeensetafire.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:57
Skill:Conceptual
44) DuringtheShangera,thepracticeofwritingevolvedfrom
A) commercialpractices.
B) ritualdivinationusinginscribedbonesorshells.
C) directcommunicationwithEgypt.
D) thecreationofdetailedtributelists.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:57
Skill:Factual
45) WhywasChinesewritingreferredtoasthekeytothecreationofadistinctiveChinese
identity?
A) TheChineseweretheonlycivilizationtoevolvetheirwritingsystemfrompictographs.
B) TheChineseweretheonlycivilizationtoutilizetheirwritingforcommerce.
C) TheChinesewritingsystemencouragedalmostuniversalliteracyamongChinesepeople.
D) Thewrittenlanguageservedtounitethevariousethnicgroupswhowereabletoidentify
themselvesthroughwritingasculturallyChinese.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:58
Skill:Conceptual
43
46) TheZhoupeoplewhoeventuallyoverthrewtheShangwere
A) probablyTurkic-speakingpeoplewhomigratedfromCentralAsia.
B) arelatedfamilyofvassalretainers.
C) ethnicallyMongolpeoplefromthemountainousregionnorthoftheOrdosbend.
D) anoffshootoftheAryanmigrationfromtheGangesrivervalleyoftheIndian
subcontinent.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:59
Topic:TheDeclineoftheShangandtheZhouEra
Skill:Conceptual
47) WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTaccurateconcerningtheZhouexerciseofauthority
throughthefeudalsystem?
A) ThefeudalsystemoftheZhouwasmoretightlycontrolledthanthatoftheShang.
B) WhereastheShanghadutilizedrelativesasvassalretainers,theZhoupreferredloyal
militaryretainers.
C) TheZhouformallyannexedalloftheregionsbelongingtotheirvassals.
D) TheZhoutightlycontrolledthesuccessiontovassalpositionsatalllevels.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:59
Skill:Conceptual
48) TherationalizationfortheoverthrowoftheShangbasedontheprincipleofdivinejudgment
wascalled
A) Tiansjustice.
B) Judgmentofthegods.
C) theDivineWind.
D) theMandateofHeaven.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:59-60
Skill:Factual
44
49) Iftheappealtoasupernaturalsourceoflegitimationenhancedtheabsoluteauthorityofthe
ruler,whatwasitschiefdrawback?
A) Italsostrengthenedtheclassofpriestswhocametodominatetheroyalcourts
B) Itestablishedthatthesupremepoliticalauthoritywasgrantedbytherulersvassals
C) IttiedtheZhoumonarchstoanincreasinglyconservativereligioninthefaceof
aggressivedemandsforreligiousreform
D) Itimpliedthatrulerswhofailedintheirdutieshadlosttheirheavenlyjustificationand
couldbeoverthrown
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:60
Skill:Conceptual
50) WhatwasthesignificanceofthethegreatmigrationoftheChinesepopulationthatoccurred
duringtheZhouperiod?
A) Themigrationbroughtthemonsoon-wateredagriculturalregionsoftheYangtzeriver
valleyintoChinesehands.
B) ThemigrationtookChinesecivilizationnorthwardintotheareasofMongolia.
C) ThemigrationledtodirectcontactsbetweenChinesecivilizationandthePhoenicians.
D) ThemigrationseparatedChinesecivilizationintofivedistinctlydifferentculturalgroups.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:64
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) WhatwerethemainfeaturesofHarappansociety?
Answer: Majorcities,centralizedadministrationbasedontwocapitals,polytheisticreligion,
overseastrade,anddevelopedwritingsystem.
Diff:2
PageRef:46-52
Skill:Conceptual
2) ContrastAryanculturewiththeHarappancivilizationthatprecededit.Considerpolitical
organization,ethniccomposition,andmaterialculture.
Answer: Politicalorganization:notascentralizedasHarappancivilization,organizedintotribes
andsmallkingdomsdominatedbywarriors;ethniccomposition:Aryanswere
Indo-EuropeanmigrantsintoIndusandGangesrivervalleysystemswhereas
HarappanswereMediterraneanskeletaltypes;materialculture:failedtoreachthatof
Harappans,nomonumentalarchitecture,villagesofthatchandwood,noapparent
interestinsculptureorpainting.
Diff:2
PageRef:52-55
Skill:Conceptual
45
3) CompareandcontrastthepoliticalorganizationofShangandZhouChina.
Answer: Shang:organizedintokingdomwiththeoreticallysubjectvassalstatesruledbyroyal
retainers;originalvassalsweredescendantsoforiginalrulingfamiliesofsmall
kingdomsthatprecededShang;vassalsgivencontrolovercommonersintheirregions
fromwhichtheyobtainedtributesentontoroyalfamily.Zhou:alsoafeudal
organization,butmorecloselycontrolledbyroyalfamily;vassalretainersoftenrelated
toroyalfamilies;kingsformallyannexedallvassalstatesandcontrolledsuccessionof
vassals;vassalsrequiredtogiveformaloathsofallegiance;bureaucracydeveloped.
Diff:2
PageRef:59-62
Skill:Conceptual
4) GiventhedevelopmentofmoreabsolutemonarchyinassociationwithZhoufeudalism,what
werethedevelopmentsthatworkedagainstthecontinuationofpoliticalcentralizationin
China?
Answer: ConceptofMandateofHeaven:gaverulersdivinejustificationforrule,butimpliedthat
rulerswhofailedintheirmissionhadlostmandateandcouldbeoverthrown,i.e.
justifiedpoliticalrevolution;growthofprofessionalbureaucracy:begantocontrol
administrativeprocedures,alsosomecontrolofland,offeredalternativetomilitary
vassalsofmonarch.
Diff:2
PageRef:59-65
Skill:Conceptual
5) CompareandcontrastHarappancivilizationwithChinesecivilization.
Answer: Harappansociety:basedonirrigationsystem(deterioratedunderAryans);developed
independently;centralizedadministrationbasedontwocapitals;developedwriting
system;littlecontinuityafterHarappandeclineChinese:developedindependently;
basedonrivervalleyirrigationsystem;centraladministration(undertwocapitalsin
Zhouperiod);developedwritingsystem;unlikeHarappaabletowithstandsuccessive
migrationsandretainculture;greatersenseofcontinuity.
Diff:2
PageRef:46-5255-62
Skill:Conceptual
46
Chapter4 UnificationandtheConsolidationof
CivilizationinChina
1) AstheZhouabilitytocontroltheirvassalsdecreased,Chinaentered
A) theeraoftheMongoldynasty.
B) alongperiodofpoliticalconflictandsocialturmoil.
C) theeraoftheShangdynasty.
D) aperiodofDoricinvasions.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:77
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
2) Whichofthefollowingwasaresultoftheperiodofpoliticalconfusionfollowingthefallofthe
Zhoudynasty?
A) Chinesecivilizationfailedtoproduceanotherdynastyforcenturies.
B) TheshiceasedtoplayasignificantroleinChinesegovernment.
C) FeudalismbecamethedominantformofpoliticalorganizationinChinesesociety.
D) Philosopherssoughttofindwaystoendtheconflictandcreatemorepermanentand
unifiedpoliticalsystems.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:77
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhoweretheShi?
A) Militarycommanders.
B) Peasants.
C) Thescholargentry.
D) Thefamilyoftheemperor.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:74
Topic:PhilosophicalRemedies
Skill:Conceptual
47
4) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTcharacteristicoftheperiodofwarfarefollowingthedecline
oftheZhou?
A) Failureofthemerchantclass
B) Neglectofpublicworkssuchasdikes,canals,androads
C) Increasedtaxationandconscriptionofthepeasantry
D) SpreadofdiseaseasarmiesroamedthroughoutChina
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:77
Skill:Conceptual
5) Duringmostofhislife,KungFuziorConfucius
A) servedtheHanemperorsastheirchiefcourtadvisor.
B) advocatedabolitionoftheshiasdangerousopponentsofacentralizedstate.
C) wanderedsearchingfortheidealruler.
D) remainedatopamountainincontemplativeseclusion.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:78
Skill:Conceptual
6) LoyaldisciplescollectedConfuciusssayingsinthe
A) KungMao.
B) Analects.
C) BookofLordShang.
D) BookofDao.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:78
Skill:Factual
7) WhichofthefollowingmostaccuratelydescribesConfucius?
A) Anactiveadministratorandadvisor
B) AreligiousteachersimilartotheJewishprophetsandBuddha
C) Emperor
D) Asocialphilosopherobsessedwiththeneedfororderandharmony
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:78
Skill:Conceptual
48
8) IntheopinionofConfucius,thewisemenbestabletoadministerthegovernmentcouldonly
comefromthe
A) militaryvassals.
B) shi.
C) eunuchs.
D) familiesoftheemperors.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:78
Skill:Conceptual
9) AccordingtoConfucius,forwhatreasonshouldsuperiormenrule?
A) Toenrichtheirfamiliesandearndistinction
B) Toestablishthegloryoftheemperor
C) Toestablishthegloryoftheregionalaristocracy
D) Toservesocietyasawhole
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:78
Skill:Conceptual
10) WhichofthefollowingwasNOToneofthetiesofloyaltyandobediencethatheldtogether
Confuciussconceptofsocialorder?
A) Father/son
B) Merchant/peasant
C) Husband/wife
D) Ruler/subject
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:78
Skill:Conceptual
49
11) WhichofthefollowingrepresentsthefundamentalbeliefofMencius,oneofConfuciuss
disciples?
A) Humanswerebynatureinclinedtogoodnessandoughttoberuledinthatfashion.
B) Humanswereinclinedtobelazyandevilandoughttoberuledstrictly.
C) Humansshouldretreatfromsocietyandseekonenesswithnature.
D) Governmentshouldberigorousandbasedonstrictlawsharshlyexecuted.
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:78
Skill:Conceptual
12) WhichofthefollowingrepresentstheviewsofSunzi,oneofConfuciussdisciples?
A) Humanswerebynatureinclinedtogoodnessandoughttoberuledinthatfashion.
B) Humanswereinclinedtobelazyandevilandoughttoberuledbyauthoritarian
government.
C) Humansoughttoretreatfromsocietyandseekonenesswithnature.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:79
Skill:Conceptual
13) WhichofthefollowingrepresentsthepoliticalviewpointoftheLegalists?
A) Humanswereinclinedtogoodnessandoughttoberuledwithcompassion.
B) Humanswereinclinedtobelazyandevilbutoughttobegovernedwithasenseof
compassion.
C) Humansshouldretreatfromsocietyandseekonenesswithnature.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:78-79
Topic:TriumphoftheQin
Skill:Conceptual
50
14) WhichofthefollowingrepresentsthephilosophicalviewpointofLaozi?
A) Humanswereinclinedtogoodnessandoughttobegovernedinacompassionate
fashion.
B) Humanswereinclinedtobelazyandevilandoughttobegovernedrigorously.
C) Humansoughttoretreatfromsocietyandseekonenesswithnature.
D) Governmentoughttobeauthoritarianandbasedonstrictlawsharshlyexecuted.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:79
Skill:Conceptual
15) ThephilosophyespousedbyLaoziwascalled
A) Confucianism.
B) Daoism.
C) Legalism.
D) Shintoism.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:79
Skill:Factual
16) WhatphilosopherbelievedthatagoodmanwasonewhoTreatshisbettersasbetters,Wears
anairofrespect,Whoinservingfatherandmother,Knowshowtoputinhiswholestrength.
A) Confucius
B) Mencius
C) Sunzi
D) Laozi
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:78
Skill:Conceptual
51
17) Whichphilosophersaid,Itakenoactionandthepeoplearereformed.Ienjoypeaceandthe
peoplebecomehonest.Idonothingandpeoplebecomerich.Ihavenodesiresandpeople
returntothegoodandsimplelife?
A) Confucius
B) Mencius
C) Sunzi
D) Laozi
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:80
Skill:Conceptual
18) Whichphilosophersaid,Thenatureofmanisevil:hisgoodnessisacquired.Hisnaturebeing
whatitis,manisborn,first,withadesireforgain.Ifthisdesireisfollowed,strifewillresult
andcourtesywilldisappear?
A) Confucius
B) Mencius
C) Sunzi
D) Laozi
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:80
Skill:Conceptual
19) Whichphilosophersaid,Personalcultivationbeginswithpoetry,ismadefirmwithrulesof
decorum,andisperfectedbymusic?
A) Confucius
B) Mencius
C) Sunzi
D) Laozi
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:80
Skill:Conceptual
52
20) Whichphilosophersaid,Whenitislefttofollowitsnaturalfeelingshumannaturewilldo
good.ThatswhyIsayitisgood.Ifitbecomesevil,itisnotthefaultofmansoriginal
capability?
A) Confucius
B) Mencius
C) Sunzi
D) Laozi
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:80
Skill:Conceptual
21) TheQinstatewasregardedasbarbarianatleastinpartbecause
A) itwaslocatedinthenewlydevelopedsouthernregionsofChinaneartheYangzeriver
valley.
B) itrefusedtheserviceoftheshi.
C) theQinoriginatedaspastoralnomadsentrustedwithdefendingthewesternfrontierof
China.
D) itwaslocatedinthelesscivilizedeasternportionsofChina.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:80
Skill:Conceptual
22) TheQinweresuccessfulasaresultofsignificantsocialandpoliticalchanges.Whichofthe
followingwasNOTareformoftheQinrulers?
A) Freeingofthepeasantsfrombondagetolocallords
B) Creationofabureaucracyof?shi?toreplacetheweakenedlocalvassals
C) Conscriptingthefreedpeasantstoenlargetheirarmies
D) Creatingarmiescomposedalmostentirelyoffootsoldiers
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:80
Skill:Conceptual
53
23) ThefounderoftheLegalistschoolofpoliticalphilosophywrotethe
A) Analects.
B) BookofLordShang.
C) SacredSoilofChina.
D) SayingsofShiHuangdi.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:81
Skill:Factual
24) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTapoliticalviewpointoftheLegalists?
A) ThepowerofChinasrulersshouldbeabsolute.
B) Thestatesmainconcernwastoenforcestrictlawswithharshpunishments.
C) Therulershouldpromotethewelfareofthepeople.
D) Themajorobjectiveoftherulerwastoenhancethestrengthandwealthofthestate.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:81
Skill:Conceptual
25) ShiHuangdi
A) promotedConfucianphilosophy.
B) attemptedtoalleviatetheharsheraspectsofLegalistpoliticalphilosophy.
C) believedintheessentialgoodnessofhumans.
D) wassoconcernedaboutcontrollingideasintheQinstatethatheproposedtheburningof
allbooksotherthanLegalisttractsandafewotherofficialvolumes.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:81
Skill:Conceptual
26) TheemperorresponsibleforthereunificationofChinaafterthecollapseoftheZhouwas
A) HanWudi.
B) HanFeizi.
C) ShiHuangdi.
D) ShangYang.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:81
Skill:Factual
54
27) WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsShiHuangdisapproachtothevassalstates
andregionalaristocracy?
A) Hedestroyedmostofthevassalsofthepreviousdynastyandappointedhisrelativesto
ruleintheregions.
B) Hestrengthenedthehandoftheregionalvassalstodestroythegrowingpowerofthe shi.
C) ShiHuangdiwasneverabletocurbtheauthorityofthevassalstatesandwasrestricted
torulinginQin.
D) HedestroyedtheregionalvassalsandreplacedthemwithQinbureaucrats.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:81
Skill:Conceptual
28) ShiHuangdiwasfamedforhispublicbuildingprojects.Whichofthefollowingishismost
famousmonumentalstructure?
A) TheroyalpalaceatBeijing
B) TheGreatWallofChina
C) TheShintotempleatLoyang
D) TheConfucianlibraryatXianyang
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:82
Skill:Factual
29) WhatwasthecapitalcityoftheQinempire?
A) Loyang
B) Anyan
C) Beijing
D) Xianyang
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:81
Skill:Conceptual
55
30) WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthepoliticalphilosophyofShiHuangdiand
hisgovernment?
A) Theywereopposedtoanypoliticalphilosophiesotherthantheofficiallyapproved
Legalistdoctrines.
B) TheQingovernmentwasessentiallyDaoist.
C) ShiHuangdiandhisadvisorsfollowedthepoliticalphilosophyofMencius,oneof
Confuciussdisciples.
D) ShiHuangdisgovernmentappliedtheconceptsofmanypoliticalphilosophiesincluding
ConfucianismandDaoism.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:81-82
Skill:Conceptual
31) TheoverthrowoftheQindynastywasbegunby
A) theregionalvassalsoftheQin.
B) shiadvisorswithintheimperialgovernment.
C) outragedDaoistpoliticalphilosophers.
D) twodisgruntledpeasantswhohadbeenconscriptedforabuildingproject.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:82
Skill:Factual
32) WhatwasthemostsignificantaccomplishmentoftheQindynasty?
A) Thestrengtheningofthearistocracyagainsttheshi
B) TheunificationofChinaunderashibureaucracy
C) Thereorderingoftheregionalstatestostrengthenthefeudalsystem
D) Theirabilitytolastforfourcenturies
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:82
Skill:Conceptual
56
33) WhichofthefollowingworkswaswrittenbySunzi?
A) Analects
B) BookofLordShang
C) TheArtofWar
D) Mahabharata
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:84
Skill:Factual
34) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTachangeinwarfarebroughtaboutbythephilosophyof
Sunzi?
A) Bluffs,saboteurs,andthreatswereemployedbeforearmiesweresenttowar.
B) Shibureaucracieswereexcludedfromtheprocessofwarfare.
C) Weatherconditionsandtheadvantagesofterraindeterminedthetimeandplaceof
battle.
D) Disciplineandregularformationsreplacedindividualcombatastheruleformilitary
engagement.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:84-85
Skill:Conceptual
35) ThefounderoftheHandynastywas
A) Sunzi.
B) HanFeizi.
C) HanWudi.
D) LiuBang.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:83
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Factual
57
36) WhowerethemostformidableexternalenemiesoftheHandynasty?
A) TheHsiung-nunomads.
B) Theshi.
C) TheKoreans.
D) TheVietnamese.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:83
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Conceptual
37) Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribestheterritorialexpansionofthe
Handynasty?
A) TheHanwereunabletoexpandtheirterritoriesduetoconstantwarswiththerulersof
thestates.
B) TheHanactuallylostterritoriestotheraidsoftheHsiung-nuandothernomadic
invaders.
C) TheHantemporarilydefeatedtheHsiung-nuanddramaticallyexpandedChinese
territorytotheeastandsouth.
D) TheHanwereabletoexpandtheirterritoriesbyconqueringtheGuptacivilizationof
India.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:83
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Conceptual
38) WhichofthefollowingmostaccuratelydescribesthepoliticalphilosophyoftheHan?
A) TheHancontinuedtheLegalistpoliticalphilosophyoftheQindynasty.
B) TheHansuppressedtheLegalistsandadoptedthepoliticalphilosophyofLaozi.
C) TheHansuppressedtheLegalistsandadoptedthepoliticalphilosophyofConfucius.
D) TheHansuppressedtheLegalistsandadoptedthepoliticalphilosophyofShangYang.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:84-85
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Conceptual
58
39) WhichofthefollowingstatementswasNOTanaspectofthe shi administrationduringthe

Handynasty?
A) Confucianteachingsbecameinstitutionalizedwiththecreationofanimperialuniversity
B) KnowledgeofConfucianteachingsbecameessentialtoemploymentandpromotionin
theHanadministration
C) Formalexaminationsforgovernmentpositionswereestablishedatthebeginningofthe
lastcenturyB.C.
D) Legalcodesweremadeevenharsher
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:85
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Conceptual
40) DuringtheHandynasty,theshievolvedasaresultofintermarriagewithothersocialgroups
intothe
A) scholar-gentry.
B) educatedpeasantry.
C) merchantelite.
D) feudalaristocracy.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:86
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Factual
41) WhatwasthestatusofwomenduringtheHandynasty?
A) WomenenjoyedequalstatuswithmalesduringtheHandynasty.
B) DespitetheConfucianrequirementforfemaledeferencetomales,womenduringthe
Hanhadmorefreedomthanduringlaterdynasties.
C) DespitetheConfucianrequirementformaledeferencetofemales,womenhadless
freedomthanduringlaterdynasties.
D) Thedemeanedstatusofwomenwasrepresentedbytheirinabilitytoshareinfamily
property.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:87
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Conceptual
59
42) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthepeasantryduringtheHandynastyistrue?
A) NopeasantsheldlandduringtheHandynasty.
B) PeasantsduringtheHandynastywerefreedfromconscriptionforpublicworksand
militaryservice.
C) Manypeasantshadlittleornolandandworkedforwell -to-dolandlords.
D) ThepeasantryenjoyedgeneralprosperityduringtheHandynasty.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:88
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Conceptual
43) DuringtheHandynasty,theemperorslived
A) inthestateofQinonthewesternfrontier.
B) inanimperialagriculturalvillageinthecountryside.
C) inawalledprecinctjustoutsidethecapitalcity.
D) intheforbiddencity,awalledprecinctwithinthecapitalcity.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:88
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Factual
44) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthearchitectureoftheHancapitalcityisNOT
true?
A) Nearlyallbuildingswithinthecapitalweremadeofbrickofastandardizedsizeand
construction.
B) Mostofthebuildingswithinthecapitalcitywereorientedtowardthesouth.
C) Thearistocratsandthescholar-gentrylivedinanimperialcomplexjustoutsidethe
imperialpalaces.
D) Mosthouseswereroofedinglazedtileswithupturnededges.
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:89
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Conceptual
60
45) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribesthedegreeofurbanizationinHan
China?
A) ThecapitalatXianyangmayhavenumberedasmanyas250,000people,buttherewere
fewothercities.
B) Chinamayhavebeenthemosturbanizedcivilizationintheworldwithmanylargecities
numberinginthethousands.
C) AsaresultoftheconstantwarfareduringtheHandynasty,fewcitieswereableto
survive.
D) Asidefromwalledagriculturalcomplexesdominatedbytheregionalaristocracy,there
werefewwalledcities.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:89
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Conceptual
46) Whichofthefollowingstatementsisprobablytrue?
A) Thescholar-gentryheldmerchantsingreatesteem.
B) Themerchantclassvirtuallydisappearedasaresultofthediminutionoftrade.
C) Chinawasthemosttechnologicallybackwardofalltheclassicalcivilizations.
D) Chinawasthemosttechnologicallyinnovativeandadvancedofalltheclassical
civilizations.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:89
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Conceptual
47) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTatechnologicalinnovationoftheHanperiodinChina?
A) Brushpenandpaper
B) Ruddersandcompassesforimprovednavigation
C) Gunpowderandcannon
D) Advancedminingtechniques
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:90
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Conceptual
61
48) ChineseartduringtheHanclassicalperiod
A) concentratedonthedevelopmentofmonumentalsculpture.
B) wasuninspiredandgenerallyofpoorquality,duetotheChineseconcentrationonthe
sciences.
C) wasmostadvancedintheareaofpainting.
D) waslargelydecorativeoftenreflectingthegeometricprecisionofChinesecalligraphy.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:91
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Conceptual
49) WhatfamilyrelatedtotheHanemperorsbymarriagetemporarilysucceededinoverthrowing
theHanin9C.E..?
A) Shang
B) Qin
C) Wang
D) Zhou
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:91
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Factual
50) TheperiodofthelaterHandynastywaspoliticallytroubledbystrugglesforpowerbetween
A) thefamiliesoftheimperialwivesandthefeudallordsofthestates.
B) thefamiliesoftheimperialwives,thescholar-gentry,andtheimperialeunuchs.
C) theemperorsandtheGuptacivilizationofIndia.
D) thescholar-gentryandtheregionalkings.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:91
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) WhatisthebasisofConfucianteachings?
Answer: ObsessedbyneedtorestoreorderandharmonytoChina;governmenttobebasedon
adviceofsuperiormenidenticalwithshi;superiormencreatedbyeducationtoserve
allofChinesesociety;socialharmonydependentoneachpersonacceptinghissocial
positionandperforminghissocialtask.
Diff:2
PageRef:78-81
Skill:Conceptual
62
2) HowdidtheideasofConfuciusandDaoismdiffer?Whichhadagreaterimpactonlater
Chinesepoliticalphilosophy?
Answer: Confucius:strongstate,educatedshouldrule,socialharmonybasedonobedienceand
deference,andvirtue.Daoism:retreatintonature,nonaction,andselfexamination
ratherthanpoliticalpower.Confuciusspoliticalphilosophywaslaterincorporatedinto
Handynasty.
Diff:2
PageRef:77-79
Skill:Conceptual
3) Despitethebrevityofthedynasty,theQinestablishedthefoundationsofaunitedChina.
Whatwerethesesignificantpoliticalandsocialreforms?
Answer: Destructionofregionalkingdomsandfeudallordships;establishmentofcentralized
governmentunderadministrativebureaucracystaffedbyshi;standardizationof
currency,weights,andmeasures;constructionofcanals,roads,irrigationsystemsthat
tiedallofChinatogether.
Diff:2
PageRef:80-83
Skill:Conceptual
4) InwhatwayswasHanChinasimilartoQinChina?Inwhatwaysweretheydifferent?
Answer: Similarities:destructionoffeudallordsinpreferenceforshi regionalgovernors;
emphasisoncentralizationandunification.Differences:institutionalizationof shi
creationofstateuniversity,establishmentofstateandregionalcivilserviceexams;
evolutionofshitoscholar-gentryasaresultofintermarriagewithregionallandholders;
shiftfromLegalistpoliticalphilosophytothatofvariousschoolsofConfucius.
Diff:2
PageRef:80-92
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Conceptual
5) Whatisthecycleofdynasticgovernmentthattheauthorssuggestwasestablishedduringthe
Handynasty?
Answer: Localrebellionsculminatedintheoverthrowofthepreviousdynasty;centuryof
dynasticsuccess;afterperiodofdecline,oneortwoemperorstemporarily
re-establisheddynasticsuccess;twocenturiesafterthefoundationofthedynasty,
prolongeddeclinesetintypifiedbyforeigninvasions,rebellion,andcorruptionincivil
life;subsequentoverthrowofthedynasty.
Diff:2
PageRef:91-92
Topic:TheHanDynasty
Skill:Conceptual
63
Chapter5 ClassicalCivilizationintheEastern
Mediterranean:PersiaandGreece
1) WhatwastheGreekwordforcity-stategovernment?
A) Minoan
B) Achaean
C) Polis
D) Mycenae
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:98
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) WhatdoesHellenismmean?
A) derivedfromtheGreek
B) imperialgovernment
C) Greekphilosophy
D) city-state
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:96
Topic:GreeceasaClassicalCivilization
Skill:Conceptual
3) HowdidGreekandChinesecivilizationdiffer?
A) TheChineseformsofpoliticalorganizationweregenerallylesscentralizedthanthoseof
Greekcivilization.
B) TheChinesewereunabletodevelopsophisticatedphilosophicalsystemsofthought.
C) TheGreekswereunabletodevelopsophisticatedphilosophicalsystemsofthought.
D) TheGreekformsofpoliticalorganizationweregenerallylesstidythanthoseofChinese
civilization.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:96
Skill:Conceptual
64
4) ThepersonresponsibleforthecreationoftheunifiedPersianempirearound550B.C.was
A) Hammurabi.
B) AlexandertheGreat.
C) Xerxes.
D) CyrustheGreat.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:96
Topic:ThePersianEmpire
Skill:Factual
5) WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueconcerningthePersianreligionof
Zoroastrianism?
A) itwasanpolytheistic
B) itfeaturedapantheonofmaleandfemaledeitieswhoactedverymuchlikehumans
C) therighteouslivedonafterdeathintheHouseofSong
D) Zoroastersawlifeasastrugglebetweentwocosmicforcesofgoodandevil
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:97
Topic:ThePersianEmpire
Skill:Conceptual
6) WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsofGreekpoliticsafter800B.C.E.isNOTaccurate?
A) Greekpoliticswasusuallylocalized
B) rulebyaristocratswasmostcharacteristic,butperiodsoftyrannywerealsoimportant
C) duringmuchofitsformativeperiod,GreecewasdominatedbythePersians
D) theGreekssketchedadynamicversionofdemocracy
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:97
Topic:ThePoliticalCharacterofClassicalGreece
Skill:Conceptual
7) WhichofthefollowingwasnotaGreekcitystate?
A) Istanbul
B) Athens
C) Sparta
D) Olympia
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:98
Skill:Factual
65
8) WhoseemstohavewrittentheIliad andtheOdyssey?
A) Solon
B) Plato
C) CirustheGreat
D) Homer
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:97
Skill:Conceptual
9) TheGreekalphabetwasadaptedfromthe
A) Egyptians.
B) Macedonians.
C) Chalcedonians.
D) Phoenicians.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:97
Skill:Factual
10) ThemythosofGreekculturewasestablishedbythewideacceptanceoftwogreatpoems,the
A) GilgameshandtheArtofWar.
B) AnalectsandtheAeneid.
C) IliadandtheOdyssey.
D) MetamorphosesandtheOdyssey.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:97
Skill:Factual
11) TheGreekgovernmentsoftheperiodimmediatelyafter800B.C.E.largelyconsistedof
A) regionalkingdoms.
B) aunifiedempireunderasingleruler.
C) city-states.
D) feudalvassalslooselycontrolledbyasingleruler.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:98
Skill:Conceptual
66
12) Intheearlieststagesofcity-statedevelopment,thepoleis werelargelyruledby

A) tyrants.
B) aristocrats.
C) smallfarmers.
D) kings.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:98
Skill:Conceptual
13) Whatwerethecausesforthedisputesthataroseafter700B.C.inthecity -statesofGreece?

A) aseriesofforeigninvasions
B) commercialexpansionandtheproblemsofsmalllandownersintheneweconomy
C) adecreaseinthenumberofavailableslavesduetoeconomicreverses
D) theimpositionofauniversalincometaxonallGreeks
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:98
Skill:Conceptual
14) Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthepoliticalchangethattookplaceinmany,
butnotall,Greekcity-statesby500B.C.?
A) Mostabandonedaristocraticgovernmentinfavorofcentralizedmonarchies.
B) Therewasnoobservablechange,astheinstitutionsandpersonnelofgovernment
remainedmuchastheywerein800B.C.
C) Therewasagrowingspiritofloyaltytothecommunityratherthantoindividuals,
democratizationofmilitaryservice,andagreatercommitmenttopublicservice.
D) Allpoleisbannedthearistocracyfromfurtherparticipationintheaffairsofthecity-states
andinitiatedtrulydemocraticgovernments.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:98
Skill:Conceptual
67
15) WhichofthefollowinggroupswereNOTexcludedfromparticipationintheAthenian
democracyofthefifthcenturyB.C.?
A) women
B) foreigners
C) slaves
D) aristocrats
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:99
Skill:Conceptual
16) TheAthenianpracticeofexilingpotentialthreatstothedemocraticstructureofthecity-state
wascalled
A) ostracism.
B) treason.
C) banallordship.
D) cynicism.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:100
Skill:Factual
17) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaccuratelydescribesadifferencebetweenclassicalChinese
approachtopoliticsandtheapproachofHellenicGreecetopolitics?
A) ChinaplacedlessemphasisonhierarchyandobediencetoauthoritythandidtheGreeks.
B) Greekpoliticsemphasizedasingle,centralizedsystemofauthority.
C) TheGreeksplacedmoreemphasisonparticipationandlessonbureaucracy.
D) TheChineselackedthebureaucracythatmadedemocraticgovernmentinGreece
possible.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:100
Skill:Conceptual
68
18) WhatwasthenameofthewarbetweenSpartaandAthens?
A) thePeloponnesianWars
B) thePersianWars
C) theOlympicGames
D) theoracleatDelphi
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:102
Skill:Conceptual
19) TheAthenianempireofthefifthcenturyB.C.grewfromanallianceofcity -statescalledthe

A) PeloponnesianLeague.
B) LeagueofCorinth.
C) LombardLeague.
D) DelianLeague.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:101
Skill:Factual
20) ThevictorinthePeloponnesianWarwas
A) Athens.
B) Sparta.
C) Persia.
D) Thebes.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:102
Skill:Factual
21) IntheaftermathofthePeloponnesianWar,by355B.C.thepoliticalstructureofGreece
A) wascompletelydominatedbySparta.
B) fellunderthecontrolofAthensandarenewedAthenianEmpire.
C) hadbecomeakingdomruledbyPhilipofMacedon.
D) hadreturnedtoasettingofindependent,disorganizedcity-states.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:102
Topic:TheHellenisticPeriod
Skill:Conceptual
69
22) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthekingdomofMacedonisNOTtrue?
A) MacedonlaynorthofGreece,butitsinhabitantsdidspeakGreekandwereinterestedin
Greekculture.
B) Macedonia,likemainlandGreece,wasdividedintonumerouscity-states.
C) MacedonpossessedastrongermilitaryforceafterthereignofKingPhilipII(359 - 336
B.C.)
D) PhilipIIbeganaseriesofmilitarycampaignsagainstthecity-statesoftheGreek
mainland.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:102-3
Skill:Conceptual
23) ThepersonresponsiblefortheconquestofthePersianempirewas
A) PhilipII.
B) PericlesofAthens.
C) AgesilausofSparta.
D) AlexandertheGreat.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:103
Skill:Factual
24) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelyreflectsAlexandersplansforhisnew
empire?
A) HeplannedtotransplantGreekcultureinPersiawhileatthesametimewipingoutall
tracesofeasternculture.
B) HeplannedtotransplantAsianculturalandpoliticalinstitutionstoGreecewhileatthe
sametimewipingoutalltracesofHellenicculture.
C) AsaMacedonian,AlexanderdisdainedbothGreekandAsiancultureaseffeminateand
plannedtoimposeMacedonianculturalvaluesinallhisdomains.
D) AlexanderwantedtocombineGreekculturewithAsianculturetocreateanew,
Hellenisticculture.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:103
Skill:Conceptual
70
25) WhichofthefollowingwasNOToneoftheregionaldynastiesthatwereestablishedafter
Alexandersdeath?
A) Ptolemies
B) Antigonids
C) Abbassids
D) Seleucids
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:103
Skill:Factual
26) WithAlexandersdeath,theGreekinfluencewithintheregionaldynasties
A) wanedasGreeksincreasinglyreturnedtotheGreekmainland.
B) wanedasGreekswereexpelledfrompositionsinthegovernmentandcommerceand
werereducedtoslavery.
C) continuedasGreeksmovedintogovernmentjobsandmerchantpositions.
D) grewgreaterasGreeksmonopolizedallimportantpoliticalposts.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:104
Skill:Conceptual
27) OneofthemajorpoliticaldifferencesbetweenHellenicGreeceandHellenistickingdomswas
that
A) city-statesceasedtoexistinthedynastickingdoms.
B) Hellenisticgovernmentcenteredonmilitaryempiresratherthancity-states,eventhough
thelattercontinuedtoexist.
C) therehadbeennokingsinHellenicGreece,buttheydominatedtheHellenisticsuccessor
states.
D) theHellenistickingdomsproducedmoreenduringpoliticalprinciples.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:104
Skill:Conceptual
71
28) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelycomparestheGreekreligiontothatofthe
IndianandChinesecivilizations?
A) Greekreligionwasavastlymoresophisticatedbeliefbasedonmoralpreceptsanda
strongattachmenttoanafterlife.
B) GreekreligionwasmorestronglyspiritualthaneithertheIndianorChinesereligions.
C) TheGreeksfailedtodevelopareligionofanykind.
D) Greekreligionwasderivedfromabeliefinthespiritsofnatureelevatedintoacomplex
setofgods.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:105
Topic:GreekandHellenisticCulture
Skill:Conceptual
29) TheauthorssuggestthatthemysteryreligionsofGreecewhichofferedamorespiritual
approachtoreligionparalleledtheroleofwhatphilosophicalapproachinChina?
A) Confucianism
B) Legalism
C) Daoism
D) Buddhism
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:105
Skill:Conceptual
30) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaGreekphilosopher?
A) Plato
B) Socrates
C) Aristophanes
D) Aristotle
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:105
Skill:Factual
72
31) WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthefunctionofphilosophyinGreekculture?
A) itsoughttodeviseasystemofrewardsandpunishmentsintheafterworld
B) itestablishedethicalsystemsbasedonrationaldefinitionsofrightandwrong
C) itsetupethicalsystemsbasedonthestrugglebetweenthecosmicforcesofgoodand
evil
D) philosophywaslargelyignoredinHellenicsociety
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:105
Skill:Conceptual
32) Platobelievedthattruewisdomcouldonlycomefromanunderstandingofthe
A) perfectforms.
B) Analects.
C) materialworld.
D) properworkingsofdemocracy.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:105
Skill:Conceptual
33) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribestheGreekcontributiontoscience?
A) TheGreekswereunabletomakeanyadvancesovertheMiddleEasterncivilizations.
B) TheGreeksstronglyemphasizedempiricalresearchinscience,andmostoftheir
contributionsweretheresultofempiricalevidence.
C) TheGreekswereabletomakeadvancesinmedicineandscience,butnotinmathematics
andgeometry.
D) TheGreekswereprimarilyinterestedincreatingsweepingtheoriesbasedonabeliefin
theinherentrationalismofthecosmos.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:106
Skill:Conceptual
73
34) Indrama,theGreeksplacedgreatestemphasison
A) tragedy.
B) comedy.
C) romance.
D) theepic.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:107
Skill:Factual
35) Whichofthefollowingdramatistswrotedramaticcomedy?
A) Aeschylus
B) Sophocles
C) Aristophanes
D) Euripides
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:107
Skill:Factual
36) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribesGreekarchitecture?
A) Greekarchitecturelackedalmostentirelyanymonumentalbuilding.
B) MostGreekmonumentalbuildingwasexecutedinbricksofstandardizedformwith
little,ifany,decoration.
C) Greekmonumentalarchitecturewasalmostentirelydecorativeandhadnoutilitarian
purpose.
D) Greekmonumentalarchitecture,oftensquareorrectangularinshapeanddecoratedwith
columns,wasintendedforavarietyofpublicuses.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:108
Skill:Conceptual
74
37) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaGreekarchitecturalstyle?
A) Corinthian
B) Doric
C) Theban
D) Ionian
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:108
Skill:Factual
38) WhichGreekscientistsuggestedthattheearthwasatthecenteroftheuniverse?
A) Socrates.
B) Plato.
C) Ptolemy.
D) Sophocles.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:110
Skill:Conceptual
39) Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribestheculturalgapbetween
educatedeliteandthemassesinHellenicandHellenisticculture?
A) Therewaslessgapbetweenelitesandthemassesintermsofaunifiedculturethanin
eitherChineseorIndiancivilization.
B) TherewereagreaternumberofsharedassumptionsbetweenvariouslevelsofHellenic
andHellenisticsocietiesthanineitherChinaorIndia.
C) Thoughplaysandotherartformswerewidelyshared,theemphasisonphilosophy,and
thefactthatphilosophywasclosedtomostordinarypeople,createdatensionbetween
theeliteandthemasses.
D) TheriseofthekingdomsafterAlexandersdeathservedtomodifythefailureofthe
city-statestocreateanationalculturalsystembasedonsharedculturalattributes.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:109
Skill:Conceptual
75
40) HowdidtheliteraryproductionofHellenisticGreekculturecomparetothatoftheHellenic
period?
A) Whilehistoriesceasedtobewrittenandtheepicdeclined,HellenisticGreecesawthe
zenithofdramaticproduction.
B) ForthefirsttimesincetheHomericperiod,newGreekepicswerewidelydisseminated.
C) LevelsofliteracyfellthroughouttheGreekworld,andmostoftheHellenicworkswere
lost.
D) Historicalinformationwaselaborated,andhistoricalbiographycameintoitsown.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:107
Skill:Conceptual
41) Whichofthefollowingstatementmostaccuratelydescribesthenatureofscientific
achievementduringtheHellenisticperiod?
A) Scientificadvancewasmostpronouncedinastronomyandgeography.
B) ScientificstudywasnotsupportedbytheregionaldynastiesafterAlexandersdeathand
generallydeclined.
C) Inthefieldsofbiologyandmedicine,manynewadvancesweremade.
D) AfterthethirdcenturyB.C.,therewasarenaissanceofHellenisticscientificadvancethat
setnewstandardsforempiricalresearch.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:110
Skill:Conceptual
42) WhichofthefollowingrepresentsadifferencebetweentheeconomyofGreeceandChina?
A) Chinawasnotanagriculturaleconomy.
B) GreecedependedmoreonslavelaborthandidChina.
C) Chinaseconomypaidlessattentiontoimprovingmanufacturingtechnology.
D) GreecefailedtocolonizeasdidChinaduringtheclassicalperiod.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:111
Topic:PatternsofGreekandHellenisticSociety
Skill:Conceptual
76
43) ThebulkoftheGreekpopulation
A) livedinthemajorurbancentersandweredependentonimportedfood.
B) weremerchantswhohadlimitedconnectionswiththeruralcountryside.
C) wereartisanswholivedinsmallvillagesspreadthroughoutthecountryside.
D) wasruralandlivedinfarmingvillagesspreadthroughoutthecountryside.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:110
Skill:Conceptual
44) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningclassicalGreekslaveryisNOTtrue?
A) Slavesweremainlyacquiredasaresultofwar.
B) Between80,000and100,000peopleinAthensinthe5thcenturywereslaves.
C) Slaverywasanimportantingredientoftheeconomy.
D) Slaverywasbasedonrace.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:111
Skill:Conceptual
45) InGreekcivilization,women
A) wereconsideredthefullequalsofmales,despitethepatriarchalnatureofthehousehold.
B) wereprobablynotasoppressedasChinesewomen,butwereclearlyregardedasinferior
tomales.
C) couldholdpublicoffice,ownproperty,andconductbusinessintheirownnames.
D) wereregardedasequalintermsofthelaw,butwereregardedasinferiorculturally.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:112
Skill:Conceptual
77
46) WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouthomosexualityinGreekcultureismostaccurate?
A) HomosexualityinGreekculturewasstrictlyforbiddenasasocietaltaboo.
B) Homosexualrelationshipsoftenappearedbetweenyoungpeopleandtheirmentors,
particularlyamongmales.
C) HomosexualitywassowidelypracticedamongtheGreeksthatitdetractedfromtheir
devotiontomarriageandthehousehold.
D) HomosexualitywaspermittedinmostpartsofGreeksocietyexceptamongtheSpartans
whereitwasstrictlyforbiddenamongthemilitarycitizens.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:113
Skill:Conceptual
47) HowdidattitudestowardwomeninHellenisticGreececomparewiththoseinHellenic
Greece?
A) Therewaslittleornochangeinattitudestowardwomen.
B) ThepositionofwomeninHellenisticGreecedeterioratedundertheregionaldynasties.
C) WomeninHellenisticGreeceachievedfullparitywithmales.
D) ConditionsforwomeninHellenisticGreeceimprovedsomewhat,althoughtheyfailedto
achieveequality.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:112-113
Skill:Conceptual
48) WhowasthemotherofaHellenistickinginSpartawhowillinglyservedasahostagetohelp
formanalliancewithamorepowerfulstate?
A) Cratesiclea
B) Portia.
C) Calpurnia
D) Thesmophoria
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:113
Skill:Conceptual
78
49) Oftheapproximately270,000peopleinfifthcenturyAthens,abouthowmanywereslaves?
A) 80,000to100,000
B) 250,000
C) 30,000to70,000
D) fewerthan10,000
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:111
Skill:Factual
EssayQuestions
1) DescribeGreekclassicalcivilization?
Answer: ExtendedoverbroadregioninMediterranean,althoughnotpoliticallyunified;
demonstratednewpoliticalandculturalcapacitiesnewphilosophies,newscientific
andmathematicaladvances,elaborateformsoftrade
Diff:2
PageRef:97-100
Skill:Conceptual
2) Whatwasthepolis?Whatwasitsmostcommonearlyformat?
Answer: ThepoliswastheGreekcity-state,themostcommonformofpoliticalorganizationin
Greekcivilization;consistedofurbancenterwithruralhinterland;onlyexercised
regionalauthority.Mostcommonearlyformwasaristocraticoligarchy;councilsplayed
greatroleincity-stategovernment;warriorsandfarmersmettodiscussissuesin
councils.
Diff:2
PageRef:97-100
Skill:Conceptual
3) Inwhatwayswerethefragmentedcity-statesofGreeceabletoworktogether?
Answer: AllparticipatedincolonizationofMediterraneantorelievepopulationpressureandto
openupnewsuppliesofgrain;commonlyparticipatedinsomerituals theOlympic
GamesandtherespectfortheoracleofApolloatDelphi;militarycooperationtodefeat
theinvasionsofthePersianempirein490and480B.C.
Diff:2
PageRef:100-102
Skill:Conceptual
4) HowdidthepoliticalstructureofHellenisticGreececontrastwiththatofHellenicGreece?
Answer: HellenicGreecetypifiedbycity-states;theycontinuedtoexistinHellenisticGreece,but
dominatedbyregionaldynasties;temporarycreationofgreatHellenisticempireunder
AlexandertheGreatfragmentedintoregionaldynastiesafterhisdeath.
Diff:2
PageRef:102-103
Skill:Conceptual
79
5) HowwasGreekpoliticsdifferentfromChina?
Answer: TheGreeksweredividedintocitystatesnotunifiedintoapoliticalempireasinChina;
GreeksemphasizedparticipationinpubliclifetheChinesedidnot,andtheGreekshad
lessemphasisonhierarchyandobediencethaninChina.
Diff:2
PageRef:100-102
Topic:Conclusion:AComplexLegacy
Skill:Conceptual
80
Chapter6 ReligiousRivalriesandIndiasGoldenAge
1) Tribesofnomadicwarriorsthatprovidedthefoundationforpost-Harappancivilizationin
Indiaoriginallysettled
A) inthefoothillsoftheHimalayaMountains.
B) alongtheGangesrivervalley.
C) alongtheMahabhartarivervalley.
D) inthefoothillsoftheZagrosMountains.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:118
Topic:TheAgeofBrahmanDominance
Skill:Factual
2) Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheearlykingdomsestablishedinnorthern
India?
A) Mostofthemwererepublicsruledcollectivelybyacouncilmadeupofthefreewarrior
elite.
B) LiketheGreekmainland,thekingdomswereactuallycity-statesruledbyaristocratic
councils.
C) Theearlykingdomswerebasedonastronglycentralizedmonarchywithwell
establishedbureaucracies.
D) Earlypoliticalorganizationamongthekingdomsamountedtolittlemorethanhunting
andgatheringgroups.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:119
Skill:Conceptual
3) Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthepositionofthebrahminsintheearly
AryankingdomsofnorthernIndia?
A) Brahminsdominatedallaspectsoflifeastutorsoftheprincesandadvisorstotheking.
B) BrahminswereexcludedfromtheAryanssocietyingeneral.
C) Thewarrioreliteswerecarefultokeepthepowerofthebrahminsincheckandfostereda
healthyskepticismoftheirreligiouspowers.
D) Therulersofthekingdomswerethemselvesbrahmanswhopracticedavarietyofrituals
intendedtomaintaintheircentralizedcontrolovertheirkingdoms.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:119
Skill:Conceptual
81
4) AfterthespreadofAryankingdomstotheGangesriverplain,howdidthepolitical
organizationofthenewkingdomscomparetothatoftheolderones?
A) Thenewkingdomswerelesscentralized.
B) Thenewkingdomswererepublicsruledcollectivelybyacouncilmadeupofthefree
warriorelite.
C) Thenewkingdomsweremorecentralizedandauthoritarianwithhereditarymonarchs
andpowerfulbrahminpriests.
D) Thenewkingdomswerebasedoncity-stateorganizationsimilartotheGreekmainland.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:119
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhatwasthepositionofthebrahminsinthekingdomsoftheGangesplainandsouthern
India?
A) Thepowerofthebrahminswascarefullycheckedbythewarrioreliteandthekingsof
thesouthernkingdoms.
B) Brahminsformedthedynastiesofthesouthernkingdomsandexercisedallauthority
withoutchallenge.
C) ThesouthernkingdomsrapidlyconvertedtoBuddhismanddiminishedtheauthorityof
thebrahmins.
D) Aseducators,bureaucrats,andreligiousauthorities,thebrahminsoftenheldmore
powerthanthemembersofthewarriorelitewhoservedaskings.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:119
Skill:Conceptual
6) Whatwasthekeyfunctionthatassuredtheauthorityofthebrahminsinthesouthern
kingdoms?
A) Onlythebrahminswerecapableofperformingtheritualsandsacrificesthatobligedthe
godstointerveneinhumanaffairs.
B) Asthewarriorelite,thebrahminscontrolledthemilitaryaffairsofthesouthern
kingdoms.
C) AsthecommercialclassofIndia,thebrahminswereentirelyresponsibleforthe
economicprosperityofthesouthernkingdoms.
D) Thebrahminclassprovidedthemembersofallofthedynastiesofthesouthern
kingdoms.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:119-120
Skill:Conceptual
82
7) WhatwasthedegreeofurbanizationinthesouthernkingdomsoftheGangesplain?
A) AswastypicalofAryanculture,thesouthernkingdomshadvirtuallynocitiesortowns.
B) Somesmallurbancentersgrewuparoundthepalaces,buttherewasnocommerceor
manufacturingassociatedwiththem.
C) Townsappearedaroundthekingdomscapitalsandalsoasmanufacturingandtrading
centersalongtheGangesRiver.
D) Ascity-states,thesouthernkingdomswereentirelybasedonanurbanculturethat
rivaledtheurbanizationofChina.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:120
Skill:Conceptual
8) WhatwasthestatusofmerchantsinthesouthernkingdomsoftheGangesplain?
A) LikeChina,merchantsamongtheAryankingdomsweredespisedand,although
wealthy,heldlowsocialstatus.
B) Thelackofcommercewithinthesouthernkingdomsleftthesmallmerchantclasspoor
andlow-caste.
C) Therewasnosocialclassorvarna formerchantswhowerelumpedtogetherwithartisans
andpeasants.
D) Thegreatwealthamassedbymerchantsallowedthemtowinaprominentplaceinthe
Indiansocialhierarchy.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:120
Skill:Conceptual
9) WhatwastheIndiannameforthecategoriesinthesocialorder?
A) Aryans
B) Brahmins
C) Varnas
D) Untouchables
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:121
Skill:Factual
83
10) WhatdeterminedapersonsplacewithintheIndiansocialhierarchy?
A) Wealth
B) Positionwithinthegovernment
C) Thedegreetowhichtheoccupationwasconsideredpolluting
D) Hisreligiouspiety
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:121
Skill:Conceptual
11) ThecasteattheverybottomoftheIndiansocialhierarchywasthe
A) brahmins.
B) artisans.
C) peasants.
D) untouchables.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:121
Skill:Factual
12) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTameansofdistinguishingbetweencastegroups?
A) Diet
B) AbilitytobatheintheGanges
C) AbilitytoreadtheVedas
D) Intermarriagewithothercastes
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:122
Skill:Conceptual
13) Thecastepositionandlifepathdeterminedbyapersonsbirthwascalledones
A) varna.
B) ramayana.
C) dharma.
D) mantra.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:123
Skill:Factual
84
14) Thetransferofapersonssoulfromonebodytoanotherafterdeathiscalled
A) Kamasutra.
B) suttee.
C) mitigation.
D) transmigration.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:123
Skill:Factual
15) Whichofthefollowingdeterminedthesortofpersonthatasoulwouldbeattachedtoinits
nextreincarnation?
A) Dharma
B) Karma
C) Wealth
D) Mandala
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:123
Skill:Factual
16) Howdidtheclassicalcivilizationsviewofsocialorganizationdifferfromthatofmodern
Westerncivilization?
A) Classicalcivilizationshadpoorlydefinedsocialgroupings.
B) Classicalcivilizationsfeltthatsocialmobilitywascriticaltothewell-beingofsociety.
C) Modernsocietiesarepredicatedonsocialmobilitybasedontalentandtheworkethic.
D) Modernsocietieslackanykindofsocialgroupingsdesignedtoimplystatus.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:122-23
Skill:Conceptual
17) ThetwogreatepicsofthepreimperialperiodinIndiawerethe
A) VedasandtheUpanishads.
B) MahabharataandtheRamayana.
C) Kamasutra andtheMandala.
D) ChandraguptaandtheBindusara.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:124
Skill:Factual
85
18) WhatwasthehouseholdstructureofpreimperialIndia?
A) Nuclearfamiliesforallcastegroups
B) Extendedfamiliesforallcastegroups
C) Extendedhouseholdsforhigh-castegroups,nuclearhouseholdsforlower-castegroups
D) Nuclearhouseholdsforhigh-castegroups,extendedfamiliesforlower-castegroups
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:124
Skill:Conceptual
19) WhatwasthestatusofwomeninthepreimperialperiodinIndia?
A) Withinthefamilytheywereclearlysubordinatetomen,butenjoyedgreater
occupationalopportunitiesthanwasthecasebythelastcenturiesB.C.E.
B) Womenwereclearlysubordinatewithinthehouseholdandwereunabletoholdany
occupationsoutsideofit.
C) Womenenjoyedgreatfreedomwithinthehousehold,butwereunabletoholdany
occupationsoutsideofit.
D) Womenenjoyedequalitywithinthehousehold,butwererestrictedfromreadingthe
sacredtexts.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:124
Skill:Conceptual
20) WhenwerethetwogreatIndianepics,theMahabharata andtheRamayanawritten?

A) Before1500B.C.E.
B) Between1200and900B.C.E.
C) Between900and500B.C.E.
D) InthelastcenturiesB.C.E.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:124
Skill:Factual
86
21) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthelifeofBuddhaisNOTtrue?
A) Buddhawasbornintooneofthebrahminclans.
B) Buddhawassupposedlythesonandheirofalocalruler.
C) Buddharenouncedhisclaimstosucceedhisfatherandbecameawanderingholyman.
D) BuddhareachedenlightenmentwhilesittingunderaBotree.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:125
Topic:ReligiousFermentandtheRiseofBuddhism
Skill:Factual
22) TheBuddhiststateofenlightenmentiscalled
A) dharma.
B) karma.
C) Nirvana.
D) Kamasutra.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:126
Skill:Factual
23) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTateachingofBuddha?
A) Themomentwearebornwebegintodie.
B) Attachmentstoimpermanentthingsoftheworldarethesourceofsuffering.
C) Theroadtoenlightenmentbeginswithritualsacrificestothegods.
D) Onceenlightenmentisattained,theindividualisreleasedfromsuffering.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:125-26
Skill:Conceptual
24) Afterhisdeath,Buddha
A) wasworshippedasadivinity.
B) ascendedintoheavenfromamountaininnorthernIndia.
C) reappearedreflectedinthewatersoftheGangesRiver.
D) waslargelyforgotten.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:126
Skill:Conceptual
87
25) HowdidthemonksdevotedtoBuddhismchangehisteachingsintheyearsafterBuddhas
death?
A) TheyofferedmiraculoustalesofBuddhaslife,equatedNirvanawithheaven,and
stressedthesalvationistqualitiesofthenewreligion.
B) TheysoughttodownplayBuddhaasadeity,attemptedtolimitadmissiontothereligion
totheupper-castegroups,andgainedthecooperationofthebrahmins.
C) Theybegantoemphasizeritualsacrificesofanimalsasameansofgainingtheconfidence
ofthepeople.
D) ThemonksendedtheBuddhasemphasisonmeditationandtaughtthatallmenwere
condemnedtoendlessreincarnation.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:126
Skill:Conceptual
26) WhatwastheattitudeofBuddhismtowardthecastesystem?
A) WhiletheBuddhistsdidnotregardsocialstratificationascriticaltothefaithful,they
onlyacceptedmembersoftheupper-castegroupsasmonks.
B) Buddhistsrejectedthecastesystemandadmitteduntouchablesandwomenasmembers
ofthefaith.
C) TheBuddhistsacceptedthecastesystementirelyandincorporateditintotheirreligion.
D) TheBuddhistsrecognizedonlywealthasameansofdefiningonessocialposition.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:127
Skill:Conceptual
27) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaBuddhistchallengetotheauthorityofthebrahmins?
A) TheBuddhafavoredintrospectionandself-masteryoverritualandsacrifice.
B) TheBuddharejectedtheVedas asdivinelyinspiredteaching.
C) TheBuddharejectedbothkarma andreincarnation.
D) TheBuddharejectedthelifestylesofthebrahminsbasedonworldlypowerand
authority.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:127
Skill:Conceptual
88
28) ThepersonresponsiblefortheGreekinvasionoftheIndusrivervalleywas
A) PhilipIIofMacedon.
B) AlexandertheGreat.
C) Dionysos.
D) PericlesofAthens.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:127
Skill:Factual
29) TheGreekinvasionofnorthwesternIndialastedfrom
A) 496to480B.C.E.
B) 354to350B.C.E.
C) 327to324B.C.E.
D) 153to149B.C.E.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:127
Skill:Factual
30) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTanimpactoftheGreekinvasionofnorthwesternIndia?
A) ItstimulatedtradebetweenIndiaandtheWest.
B) GreekastronomicalandmathematicalideasenteredIndia.
C) IndianreligiousphilosophyimpactedtheStoicsandmysteryreligionsofWestern
civilizations.
D) AcentralizedGreekstatewascreatedthatdominatedtheIndusrivervalleyforfour
centuries.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:127
Skill:Conceptual
31) WhatwasthefirstimperialdynastyofclassicalIndia?
A) Kushanas
B) Hamdanids
C) Mauryas
D) Guptas
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:127
Skill:Factual
89
32) ThefirstrulerofimperialIndiaduringtheclassicalperiodwas
A) Ashoka.
B) Bindusara.
C) ChandraguptaMaurya.
D) BindaPasha.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:127
Skill:Factual
33) HowdidtheMauryanempireofChandraguptacomparetotheAryankingdomsthat
precededit?
A) Althoughcalledanempire,itwaslittlemorethanatribute-collectingpatchworkofpetty
rulers.
B) ItretainedtherepublicanaspectsofthefirstAryankingdomswithelectedmonarchsand
warriorcouncils.
C) WhileitdidsucceedindominatingmostofnorthwesternIndia,itneverconqueredthe
kingdomsofsouthernIndia.
D) Itwasvastlymorecentralizedthantheprecedingkingdomswithalargestandingarmy
andadministratorsinplaceoftheregionallords.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:128
Skill:Conceptual
34) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheruleofAshokaisNOTtrue?
A) HeconvertedtoHinduism
B) Hecompletedtheconquestsbegunbyhisfatherandgrandfather
C) Hisearlycareerwaspredicatedonviolence,cruelty,andwarfare
D) Hisreligiousconversionledtoadrasticchangeinhisrulingmethods
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:128
Skill:Conceptual
90
35) WhichofthefollowinggroupsviewedAshokasreignasathreat?
A) Buddhistmonks
B) Merchants
C) Peasants
D) Brahmins
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:128
Skill:Factual
36) WhichofthefollowinggroupswasNOToffendedbyAshokasadministrativepractices?
A) Brahmins
B) Warriorfamiliesthathadonceruledsmallstates
C) Buddhistmonks
D) Thepopulaceasawhole
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:128
Skill:Conceptual
37) WhichgroupsdidAshokassocialpoliciestendtobenefit?
A) Brahminsandwarriors
B) Merchants,women,andartisans
C) Peasants
D) Untouchables
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:128-29
Skill:Conceptual
38) Buddhistartandarchitecturewerepreservedinthestoneshrinesbuilttoholdrelicsofthe
Buddhaandcalled
A) mandalas.
B) Kamasutra.
C) Vedas.
D) stupas.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:129
Skill:Factual
91
39) WhatwastheresultofBuddhistmissionaryeffortsduringthereignofAshoka?
A) Despitemajorefforts,BuddhismfailedtospreadmuchbeyondtheIndiansubcontinent.
B) ThroughtheremainingGreekinfluenceinnorthwesternIndia,Buddhismspreadtothe
areasaffectedbyGreekculture.
C) BuddhismspreadfirsttoSriLankaandtheHimalayankingdomsandfromthereto
centralandsoutheasternAsia.
D) BuddhismsspreadwaslimitedtothepastoralnomadsofthecentralAsiasteppes.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:129
Skill:Conceptual
40) BywhatdatehadtheMauryaempiredisappeared?
A) 350B.C.E.
B) 185B.C.E.
C) 9C.E.
D) 185C.E.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:129
Skill:Factual
41) WhyweretheBuddhistsvulnerabletotherestorationofbrahminicauthority?
A) TheimperialdynastiesfromtheMauryasonhadremainedsteadfastlyloyaltothe
brahmins.
B) TheBuddhistmonksbecameincreasinglyisolatedfromtherestoftheIndianpopulation.
C) Buddhismhadneverexpandedmuchbeyondthekingdomsinthefoothillsofthe
Himalayas.
D) Buddhismonlyappealedtotheupper-casteclassesofIndiansociety.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:131
Topic:BrahmanicalRecoveryandtheSplendorsoftheGuptaAge
Skill:Conceptual
92
42) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTatacticutilizedbythebrahminstomaketheirreligionmore
accessibletoallIndians?
A) Theyreducedtheemphasisonlargesacrificesandstressedtheimportanceofsmall
offeringsoffoodandprayers.
B) Templesdevotedtospecialgodsallocatedtospecificgroupsservedasafocusfor
popularworship.
C) Womenwerepermittedtoparticipateindevotionalcultsaspoetsandsingers.
D) HinduismclearlyrejectedanyinclusionofBuddhistbeliefsinthebrahmanicreligion.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:131-32
Skill:Conceptual
43) WhateconomicfactorweakenedtheholdofBuddhismontheIndianpopulation?
A) Theimprovingstatusofthepeasantrymadethemlesslikelytobeinterestedina
salvationistreligion.
B) Theuntouchablesweredecimatedbyaseverefamine,thusremovingaclassassociated
withBuddhism.
C) ThefailureoftheRome-Chinatradeaxisweakenedthemerchants,whohadbeenoneof
thechiefbenefactorsoftheBuddhistmonasteries.
D) Theincreasingwealthofallsocialclassesreducedthestrictnessofsocialdivisionwithin
thecastesystemandunderminedoneoftheattractionsofBuddhism.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:132
Skill:Conceptual
44) HowdidtheGuptaempirecompareintermsofpoliticalorganizationtotheMauryaempire?
A) Theirdomainswerenotnearlyaslarge,nordidtheyexercisesuchcentralizedcontrol
overthepettystates.
B) TheGuptaempirewasmuchlargerthantheMauryanandalsomorecentralized.
C) TheGuptaempirewasbasedontheconceptoflinkedcity -statesunliketherepublican
basisoftheMauryanempire.
D) TheGuptaemperorspossessedamuchmoreprofessionalizedbureaucracyonthemodel
oftheChinesescholar-gentry.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:132-33
Skill:Conceptual
93
45) WhatwasthestatusofthebrahminsundertheGuptas?
A) TheGuptasconvertedtoBuddhismandreducedtheinfluenceofthebrahmins.
B) ThebrahminsrecoveredsomeofthegroundlosttoBuddhistmonks,butwereunableto
achievetheirformerdominance.
C) ThebrahminsonceagainservedastheliterateadministratorsoftheGuptas,buttheir
influencewaslimitedtotheimperialcourt.
D) ThebrahminsrecoveredtheirformerpositionsofdominancethroughoutIndiansociety
asteachers,politicaladministrators,andreligiousauthorities.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:133
Skill:Conceptual
46) HowwasthesocialhierarchyofIndiatransformedduringthereignoftheGuptas?
A) Ingeneralrestrictionsagainstlow-castegroupsandwomenbecameharsherandmore
pervasive.
B) Whilerestrictionsagainstuntouchablesbecamemorestrict,womenachievedgreater
equalityduringtheGuptaperiod.
C) Brahminsandotherupper-castegroupslosttheirclearsocialdistinctivenessasIndian
societybecamemoreopentosocialmobility.
D) Thecasteswereabandonedandreplacedbythetripartitesystemofgeneralvarnas.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:134
Skill:Conceptual
47) WhatwasthetitleoftheIndianhandbookforyoungmenincludingtipsonhygiene,
grooming,etiquette,andlove-making?
A) Ramayana
B) Kamasutra
C) Mahabharata
D) Arthashastra
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:135
Skill:Factual
94
48) WhatwasthenatureoftheeconomyduringtheGuptaperiod?
A) ThecontinuedprosperityoftheChina-Romeaxisallowedthecontinueddevelopment
ofinternationaltrade.
B) TheIndianeconomyenteredaperiodofseveredepressionduringwhichmosttradeand
manufacturingceased.
C) AlthoughtheChina-Rometradeaxisdeclined,Indiaremainedthehubofthegreat
IndianOceantradingnetwork.
D) TechnologicalcruditylimitedtheabilityofIndianmanufacturingandagricultural
productivitytoexpand.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:137
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) WhatwerethesourcesofbrahminicpowerintheearlyAryankingdomsoftheGangesplain?
Answer: Controllededucationofroyalfamilies,asliterateclassdominatedbureaucracyand
administration;onlyclassthatknewreligiousritesthatconferreddivinestatusonkings;
hadsoleabilitytomediatebetweengodsandhumans ,offeredsacrificesbasedonVedas;
properexecutionofritualsobligedgodstograntwishes.
Diff:2
PageRef:119-125
Skill:Conceptual
2) Discussthestructureofthecastesystemasitdevelopedfrom1000B.C.E.totheendofthe
Guptaperiod.
Answer: Originallyonlythreebroadvarnas: warriors,brahmins,andpeasants;underkingdoms
ofGangesplainsocialsystembecamemorerigidandmorecomplex; varnasdividedinto
castes;attopbrahmans,warriors,andmerchants;nextpeasantsandartisans;atbottom
theuntouchables;statusbasedondegreeofpollutionrequiredinoccupationofones
caste;bytimeofGuptas,restrictionsagainstlowercastesbecameharsherandmore
strict;statusofwomenalsodeclinedbyGuptaperiod.
Diff:2
PageRef:119-137
Skill:Conceptual
3) HowdidtheriseofBuddhisminthe5thcenturyB.C.E.challengethedominanceofthe
brahmans?
Answer: MonasticorganizationsassociatedwithBuddhismprovidedaviablealternativeto
brahminpriesthoodandwerenotdependentonsocialstatus;Buddhismquestioned
authorityofVedasonwhichbrahminauthoritydepended;challengedefficacyof
sacrifices;Buddhistssoughttoestablishsocialmobilitybyallowingmenandwomenof
allcastesintothemonasteries.
Diff:2
PageRef:125-127
Skill:Conceptual
95
4) HowdidtheMauryanempirerepresentasignificantbreakwiththepasttraditionofIndian
civilization?
Answer: MauryanemperorscreatedfirstcentralizedempireinIndiancivilization;basedon
standingarmy,professionalizedadministration,replacementoflocalrulersby
representativesofemperor;alsobrokewithtraditionofbrahminicdominanceby
conversionofAshokatoBuddhism;displacedbrahminsaschiefadministratorsand
imperialadvisors;forbadeanimalsacrificesonwhichbrahminicritualsdepended;
growthofwealthandinfluenceofmerchants.
Diff:2
PageRef:127-129
Skill:Conceptual
5) CompareandcontrastthepoliticalandreligiousorganizationoftheGuptaempirewiththe
Mauryaempire.
Answer: TheGuptaempirewasnottrulycentralized;pettyrulersremainedincontrolofregional
statesinreturnforpayingtributetotheemperor;restorationofdominanceofbrahmins;
returntorevitalizedHinduismrestoredreligiousauthorityofbrahmins;alsoreturned
asregionaladvisorsandteachersofrulers;Buddhismgraduallylostinfluenceasa
majorreligioninIndia.
Diff:2
PageRef:127-137
Skill:Conceptual
96
Chapter7 RomeanditsEmpire
1) RomeparalleledGreeceinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTwhichofthefollowing?
A) Economicstructure
B) Theabilitytoestablishalong-lastingempire
C) Culture
D) Politics
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:142
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) WhichNorthAfricancity-statedidtheRomanstwicedefeatinthe3rdcenturyBCE?
A) Athens
B) Sparta
C) Venice
D) Carthage
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:142
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhendidthepeoplewhobecametheRomansmigratetotheItalianpeninsula?
A) 2500B.C.E.
B) 1000B.C.E.
C) 1500B.C.E.
D) 2000B.C.E.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:142
Topic:TheDevelopmentofRomesRepublic
Skill:Factual
97
4) ThegroupthatfirstruledtheRomanswerethe
A) Etruscans.
B) Aryans.
C) Harappans.
D) Varangians.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:142
Skill:Factual
5) TheRomanaristocracyrebelledagainstEtruscankingsandexpelledthemaround
A) 1000B.C.E.
B) 550B.C.E.
C) 510B.C.E.
D) 476C.E.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:142
Skill:Factual
6) WhichofthefollowingofficesandinstitutionswasNOTpartoftheRomanrepublic?
A) Senate
B) Consuls
C) Kings
D) Tribunes
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:142-143
Skill:Factual
7) Howwerethetwochiefexecutives(consuls)chosen?
A) Itwasaninheritedposition.
B) Theyweredirectsuccessorstothetwokingswhohadruledpreviously.
C) OnewaschosenfromeachofthehalvesofthecityofRome.
D) Theywereelectedbyanannualassembly.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:143
Skill:Conceptual
98
8) InwhatwaywastheRomanrepublicsimilartoGreekpoliticalconcepts?
A) TheofficeoftribunewasderivedfromGreekprecedents.
B) Officersheldtheirpositionscommonlyforlife.
C) Theconstitutionbalancedvariousinterests,butreliedheavilyonthearistocracy.
D) TheconstitutionwasentirelydemocraticontheAthenianmodel,andfeaturedelection
bylot.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:143
Skill:Conceptual
9) InwhatwaydidRomansocietydifferfromtheGreeks?
A) TheRomanagriculturaleconomyfeaturedmanylargelandholders.
B) TheRomansdidnotdependonslavery.
C) TherewasonlyaverysmallurbanpopulationinRomansociety.
D) TheRomansemphasizedclientagerelationshipsbetweenlandlordsandlessercitizens.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:143
Skill:Conceptual
10) Intheprocessofmilitaryexpansion,RomeschiefrivalinthewesternMediterraneanwas
A) Syracuse.
B) theGermans.
C) Sparta.
D) Carthage.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:144
Skill:Factual
11) WhatwereRomesconflictswithCarthageforcontrolofthewesternMediterraneancalled?
A) MacedonianWars
B) JugurthineWars
C) PunicWars
D) PropontineWars
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:144
Skill:Factual
99
12) WhowasthegreatCarthaginiangeneralduringtheSecondPunicWar?
A) AlexandertheGreat
B) Hannibal
C) Tiberius
D) AttilatheHun
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:144
Skill:Conceptual
13) DuringtheRepublicanera,whatwasthetypicalattitudeoftheRomanstowardareas
conqueredoutsideofItaly?
A) ResidentsweremadefullcitizensofRome.
B) Allresidentswerereducedtoslavery.
C) OpponentsofRomanrulewerepunishedseverelyandtherewererepeatedatrocities.
D) TreatmentofconqueredterritoriesintheeasternMediterraneanwasbrutal,but
treatmentofthoseinthewesternMediterraneanresultedingrantsofcitizenship.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:144
Skill:Conceptual
14) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaresultoftheimperialexpansionoftheRomanrepublic?
A) Newtradeandwealthenrichedtheupperclassesandopenedagulfbetweenrichand
poor.
B) ItbecameincreasinglydifficulttomanageRomesbalancedrepublicanconstitution.
C) Slaveryincreased.
D) CentralItalybecameincreasinglydevotedtothecommercialproductionofgrain.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:144
Skill:Conceptual
100
15) OneofthechiefresultsofthechangeintheagriculturaleconomyoftheRomanrepublic
followingimperialexpansionwas
A) theincreasingwealthofthesmallfarmer.
B) thedisappearanceofslaveryfromtheItalianpeninsula.
C) thestrengtheningofthetiesofclientagethatexistedinthecountryside.
D) themigrationofdebt-riddenfarmersintoRome,swellingthepopulationtoover1
million.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:144
Skill:Conceptual
16) WhichofthefollowingpoliticalfiguresattheendoftheRomanrepublicwasNOTageneral?
A) TiberiusGracchus
B) Marius
C) Sulla
D) Pompey
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:145
Skill:Factual
17) WhatwasMariusschiefcontributiontothepoliticalconflictattheendoftherepublic?
A) Heintroducedaprogramoflandredistribution.
B) HeproposedextendingcitizenshiptotheItalianallies.
C) Hebeganusingpaidvolunteersinhisarmies.
D) HedefeatedPompeyandputanendtotherepublic.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:145
Skill:Conceptual
18) WhatopponentdidJuliusCaesardefeatinordertotakecontroloftherepublic?
A) GaiusGracchus
B) Sulla
C) Marius
D) Pompey
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:145
Skill:Factual
101
19) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTachangebroughtaboutduringtheruleofJuliusCaesar?
A) TheSenatewasabolished.
B) CaesarbroughtmoreItaliansandotherprovincialsintopoliticsattheexpenseofold
Romanfamilies.
C) Caesarwasnameddictatorforlife.
D) Caesarnamedmanynewofficialsandjudges.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:145-46
Skill:Conceptual
20) After13yearsofcivilwar,whosucceededJuliusCaesar?
A) MarkAnthony
B) Pompey
C) Octavian
D) Brutus
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:146
Skill:Factual
21) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribesCicero?
A) HewasaradicalpoliticianwhosupportedJuliusCaesarandwhoarguedforthe
destructionoftherepublic.
B) Hewasaconservativepoliticianwhofavoredretentionoftherepublic.
C) CiceroarguedstronglyfortheexclusionofGreekinfluencesfromRomancultureand
literature.
D) CicerosupportedOctavianandemergedasamajorfigureduringtheearlyRoman
empire.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:145
Skill:Conceptual
102
22) WhatwastheprimarydifferencebetweenRomanandGreekreligion?
A) RomanreligionfeaturedmonotheismincontrasttotheGreekpantheonofgods.
B) Thenamesofthegodsandgoddesseswerechanged.
C) Greekgodsandgoddessesweremorelikelytogetinvolvedinthelivesofmortals.
D) GreekreligionfeaturedmonotheismincontrasttotheRomanpantheonofgods.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:146
Topic:RomanCulture
Skill:Conceptual
23) WhatwasthemajordifferencebetweenRomanandGreekarchitecturalforms?
A) Romeabandonedmonumentalarchitecturealmostentirelyforbuildingsofsmallerscale.
B) RomeabandonedtheGreekdesignsandintroducedlessornate,morefunctional
architecturaldesigns.
C) Romemadeengineeringadvancesthatallowedconstructionofbuildingsofgreatersize.
D) RomanarchitecturewasentirelyItalianinoriginandowednothingtoGreekinfluence.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:146
Topic:RomanCulture
Skill:Conceptual
24) WhichofthefollowingRomanliteraryfigureswasNOTpatronizedbyAugustus?
A) Ovid
B) Livy
C) Vergil
D) Horace
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:148
Topic:RomanCulture
Skill:Factual
25) WhatwasVergilsepicpoemcelebratingthefoundationofRome?
A) Metamorphosis
B) ArsAmoris
C) Decameron
D) Aeneid
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:148
Topic:RomanCulture
Skill:Factual
103
26) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningHoraceistrue?
A) Asadevotedrepublican,hispoetryattackedthenewdynastyoftheRomanempire.
B) HerejectedtheGreekpoeticmetersandestablishedapurelyRomanpoeticstyle.
C) Althoughinitiallyarepublican,heshiftedsupporttoAugustusandcelebratedthe
emperorandhisfamily.
D) HewasbestknownforhisepicpoemscelebratingthefoundationofRome.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:148
Topic:RomanCulture
Skill:Conceptual
27) Whatwastheattitudeoftheimperialadministrationtolocalgovernmentswithintheempire?
A) Localgovernmentswerereplacedbymilitarygarrisonsdirectlyresponsivetothecentral
government
B) Localgovernmentswerereplacedbyprofessionalbureaucratsformallytrainedat
imperialuniversities.
C) Localgovernmentswerehandedovertorelativesoftheimperialfamilywhoruledas
vassalsoftheempire.
D) Localgovernmentsweregrantedconsiderableautonomy,andinsomecaseswhole
kingdomswerepreserved.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:148
Topic:TheInstitutionsofEmpire
Skill:Conceptual
28) WhatwastheRomanempiresattitudetowardextensionofcitizenship?
A) Unliketherepublic,theempireextendedcitizenshiptoimportantgroupsoutsideof
RomeandtheItalianpeninsula.
B) Liketherepublic,theempirerestrictedcitizenshiptotheoriginaltribesofthecityof
Rome.
C) TheempireextendedcitizenshiptothealliesoftheItalianpeninsula,butnofarther.
D) ThecitizenshipoftheRomanempirewasactuallysmallerthanthatoftherepublic.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:150
Skill:Conceptual
104
29) WhatwasAugustusattitudetowardtherepublicaninstitutionsafterhisestablishmentofthe
empire?
A) Augustusmodeledtheempireontherepublic,retainingthefullauthorityofthe
republicaninstitutions.
B) Augustustotallyrevisedthegovernmentandeliminatedalloftheinstitutionsandoffices
oftherepublic.
C) Augustusretainedtheofficeofconsulandtribune,buteliminatedtheSenateasa
meaningfulpartoftheempire.
D) Augustusretainedmanyoftheinstitutionsandofficesoftherepublic,includingthe
Senate,buttookactualpowerinhisownhands.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:149
Skill:Conceptual
30) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTareforminstitutedbyAugustusduringtheearlyempire?
A) Revisingthelawtostrengthenfamilystability
B) Banningmysteryreligions
C) ReplacingthetraditionalRomanceremonieswithnewritualsemphasizingthecultofIsis
D) Institutingmoralreforms
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:149
Skill:Conceptual
31) WhatwasoneofthemajorpoliticalflawsoftheRomanempire?
A) Thebalancedconstitutionwasdifficulttomaintainintimesofeconomicstress.
B) Theabsenceofmilitaryauthoritymadetheempirevulnerabletoattackfromoutside.
C) Theemperorsauthoritywassharplylimitedbytheconsulsandtribunes,particularlyin
theareaoflegislation.
D) Theemperorsneverestablishedaclearlineofsuccession,leavingdecisionstothearmy.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:149
Skill:Conceptual
105
32) Whichemperorextendedtheempiretoitsgreatestterritorialdimensions?
A) Trajan
B) Commodus
C) Augustus
D) Pompey
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:149
Skill:Factual
33) Whichofthefollowingdatesrepresentsthemomentatwhichtheempirereacheditspinnacle
andbegantodecline?
A) 30C.E.
B) 120C.E.
C) 180C.E.
D) 476C.E.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:149
Skill:Factual
34) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaninnovationoftheRomanempire?
A) Regulationofcommerceinordertoensureadequatesuppliesoffood
B) Eliminationofthemilitary
C) Buildingaqueductstocarrywatertocities
D) Theestablishmentofsubstantialtaxrevenues
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:149
Skill:Conceptual
106
35) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribestheRomanimperialattitude
towardreligion?
A) Theempirerequiredallcitizenstofollowthestateritualsandbannedallotherformsof
religion.
B) Theempirequicklymovedawayfromthetraditionalreligiousceremoniesandadopted
themysteryritualsofthecultofIsisasthestatereligion.
C) From30C.E.to324C.E.theofficialimperialpolicywastolerationofallreligions
regardlessoftheirteachings.
D) Theempiretoleratedmostreligionswhosememberswerewillingtogiveatleastformal
acceptanceofthetraditionalstatereligionandthecultoftheemperors.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:149
Skill:Conceptual
36) WhatwasRomesgreatestpoliticalcontribution?
A) Romanlaw
B) Abureaucracyselectedthroughanexaminationsystem
C) Democracy
D) Centralizedgovernment
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:150
Skill:Conceptual
37) Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmobilitywithinthesocialhierarchiesoftheclassical
civilizationsisNOTcorrect?
A) Chinesesocialorganizationofferedlimitedopportunitiesforsocialadvancement
throughtheuniversityandexaminationsystem.
B) Mediterraneansocialorganizationemphasizedaristocracybutrecognizedthe
importanceofacquiredwealth.
C) Ofthethreeclassicalcivilizations,Chinesesocialorganizationofferedtheleast
opportunityformobility.
D) Indiascastesystemofferedsomeopportunityformobilityinthesensethatthestatusof
entirecastesoccasionallyroseandfellinthesocialorder.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:152-53
Skill:Conceptual
107
38) WhatwasthebasicstructureoftheRomanhousehold?
A) Itwassurprisinglymatriarchalwiththewifeassuminglegalresponsibilityforall
membersofthehousehold.
B) Itwasstrictlypatriarchalwithfemalemembersofthehouseholdmoreharshlyoppressed
thaninGreekcivilization.
C) Itwasstrictlypatriarchal,butwomenenjoyedgreaterfreedomofactionthanineither
Greek,Chinese,orIndiancivilization.
D) TheRomanhouseholdwaspatriarchalinstructure,butfollowedmatrilinealpatternsof
inheritance.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:150
Topic:TheEvolutionofRomesEconomicandSocialStructure
Skill:Conceptual
39) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheagriculturaleconomyofthe
RomanempireisNOTtrue?
A) Theclassoffreefarmersdeclined.
B) Slaveryspreadsteadily.
C) RomaneconomywaslessdependentonslavelaborthanGreece.
D) Slavesstaffedthelargeagriculturalestatesalongwithpaidlaborersandtenantfarmers.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:152
Skill:Conceptual
40) Notonlydidtheexpansionofslaveryleadtothedeclineofthefreefarmersbutalsoit
influencedthegrowthof
A) themilitary.
B) technologicaldevelopmentinagriculture.
C) aprofessionalizedbureaucracy.
D) technologicaldevelopmentinmanufacturing.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:151
Skill:Conceptual
108
41) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelycharacterizesthenatureoftheRoman
empireseconomy?
A) Theempirewasasingle,unifiedeconomicstructure.
B) Small,independentfarmsweretheruleoutsideofItaly.
C) MoreactivemerchantgroupsexistedinGreeceandwesternAsiathanelsewhere.
D) UrbanizationoutsideofItalywasextremelylimited.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:152
Skill:Conceptual
42) Christianityemergedasareformmovementwithinwhatreligion?
A) Judaism
B) Mithraism
C) Zoroastrianism
D) Buddhism
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:154
Topic:TheOriginsofChristianity
Skill:Factual
43) WhowasthefounderofChristianity?
A) PaulofTarsus
B) JesusofNazareth
C) SimonMagus
D) HerodofJudaea
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:154
Skill:Factual
44) Bythe4thcenturyC.E.,whatpercentageoftheresidentsoftheRomanempirewereChristian?
A) 10percent
B) 20percent
C) 40percent
D) 70percent
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:154
Skill:Factual
109
45) WhatChristianofficialscametoholdapositionnotunlikethatofRomesprovincial
governors?
A) Bishops
B) Presbyters
C) Deacons
D) Acolytes
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:155
Skill:Factual
46) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTacontributionofPaultoChristianity?
A) HeusedtheGreeklanguage,thedominantlanguageofthedayintheeastern
Mediterranean.
B) PaulcreatedaChristiantheologyasasetofintellectualprinciplesthatgeneralizedthe
messageofJesus.
C) Paulemphasizedtheequalityofwomenwithmen.
D) HeexplainedChristianbeliefsintermsthatGreco-Romanculturecouldunderstand.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:155
Skill:Conceptual
47) WhatwastheRomanimperialgovernmentsattitudetowardChristianity?
A) TheRomangovernmentsystematicallypersecutedChristiansonaconstantbasisuntil
the4thcenturyC.E.
B) TheRomangovernmentembracedChristianityastheofficialstatereligioninthe2nd
centuryC.E.
C) WhilesomeemperorschosetopersecutetheChristians,persecutionwasnotconstant.
D) TherewerenopersecutionsoftheChristiansastheofficialpolicyoftheRomanempire
wasreligioustoleration.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:155
Skill:Conceptual
110
48) WhichofthefollowingheritagesoftheMediterraneanclassicalcivilizationhadtheleast
impactonsuccessivewesterncivilizations?
A) traditionsofscienceandphilosophy
B) politicaltheoryanddefinitionsofcitizenship
C) Christianity
D) thedominantGreco-Romanreligion
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:156
Topic:Conclusion:TheMediterraneanHeritage
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) WhatweretheoriginsofRomancivilization?
Answer: RomansocietyinfluencedbyGreeksocialandeconomicstructure(commercial
agricultureoflargeestatesdominatedbyaristocracy,dependenceonslavelabor,
dominanceofaristocracy);andbyGreekpoliticalstructuressuchascity-state
governmentinbothcivilizations;pantheonofgodssimilar.EtruscansruledRomebut
wereoverthrownandRomewasruledasarepublic.
Diff:2
PageRef:141-143
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) HowdidrepublicanRomesterritorialexpansionchangeRomansocietyandpolitics?
Answer: Wealthyandaristocraticlandownersbenefittedfinanciallywhilesmalllandholders
sufferedcreatingagulfbetweenrichandpoor;clientagerelationshipsdeteriorated;
developmentofcommercialagriculturebasedonoliveandgrape;displacedclassof
smallfarmersmovedtocities;dramaticincreaseinslaveryaslaborsource;riseofa
businessclass(alsoassociatedwithtaxcollection);socialtensionsproducedpolitical
unrest;greaterdifficultyinmaintainingbalancedconstitutionofrepublic.
Diff:2
PageRef:143-146
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhatwasthenatureoftheRomanimperialformofgovernment?Whathappenedtothe
institutionsoftherepublic?
Answer: Romanempirecenteredallauthorityinemperor;institutionsofrepublicwereretained,
butlostallrealpower;imperialgovernmentallowedsubstantiallocalautonomyto
regionalandlocalgovernments;greatestinnovationofempirewascreationofunified
legalsystemapplicabletoallcitizens;extensionoflawsupplementedbyopeningof
citizenshiptomanygroupsoutsideofItalianpeninsula;curiousfailureofempireto
establishaprincipleofsuccessionledtoarmyassourceofpower.
Diff:2
PageRef:144-148
Skill:Conceptual
111
4) HowdidthesocialorganizationofclassicalMediterraneansocietycomparetothatoftheother
classicalcivilizationsinIndiaandChina?
Answer: Allbasedonrelativelyrigidsocialsystempredicatedonsocialinequality;elitesdiffered
ineachcivilization:Indiapriests(brahmins),Chinabureaucrats(scholar-gentry),
Mediterranearistocrats;mobilityvariedineachcivilizationfromvirtuallynomobilityin
theIndiancastesystemtorecognitionofacquiredwealthintheMediterranean;lowest
ordersalsovaried:untouchablesinIndia,slavesinMediterranean;alsomeansof
enforcingsocialordervaried.
Diff:2
PageRef:153
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhataccountsforthesuccessfulspreadofChristianityintheRomanempire?
Answer: Appealedtopoorandslaves;filledspiritualneednotmetbyofficialstatereligions;
benefittedfrompositiveaspectsofempirepoliticalstability,systemof
communication,abletomodelchurchgovernmentafterthatofempire;roleofPaulin
translatingChristianityintotermsunderstandableinGreco-Romanculture.
Diff:2
PageRef:154-155
Skill:Conceptual
112
Chapter8 ThePeoplesandCivilizationsoftheAmericas
1) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthecomparisonofdevelopmentsinthe
Americaswiththatofotherclassicalcivilizationsistrue?
A) NocivilizationsemergedintheAmericasthatwereinanywaycomparabletothoseof
AsiaandtheMediterranean.
B) Americancivilizationslackedthesystemsofwritingandtheurbanismfoundinother
civilizations.
C) AmericancivilizationsdiddisplaysomeparallelswithdevelopmentsinAsiaandnorth
Africa.
D) AmericancivilizationsparalleledtheclassicalelementsofAsiaandtheMediterranean
almostexactly.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:161
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) WhatwasoneofthemajordifferencesbetweentheresourcesavailableintheAmericasand
thoseinAsiaandtheMediterranean?
A) AmericanIndiansdomesticatedplantswhosecaloricoutputwasgreaterthananyofthe
grainsraisedinEuropeorAsia.
B) Americancivilizationneverdevelopedthemeanstoconstructthetypesofmonumental
architecturefoundinothercivilizations.
C) Americancivilizationhadgreateraccesstoanimalpowerthandidthecivilizationsofthe
OldWorld.
D) Duetothedifficulttopographyinwhichtheydeveloped,Americancivilizationsdidnot
establishsedentaryagriculture.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:161
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
113
3) Accordingtomostarcheologists,howdidHomosapiens gettotheAmericas?
A) VarioustypesofHomosapiens developedintheAmericas.
B) TheycrossedalandbridgefromAsiaduringthelasticeage.
C) TheycrossedfromAsia,probablyJapan,inboats.
D) TheycrossedfromAsiaduringapluvialperiod(warmerclimateandheavierrainfall).
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:161
Topic:OriginsofAmericanSocieties
Skill:Factual
4) WhataccountsforthemigrationofHomosapiens toNorthAmerica?
A) AdroughtmadeagricultureimpossibleinthenorthernAsiansteppes.
B) MigrationsofpastoralnomadsintotheAsiansteppesforcedtheindigenouspopulation
toleave.
C) TheAsiansteppescouldnotsupportthepopulation,forcingmigrationtonewareas.
D) Migranthuntersprobablyfollowedlargegameanimals.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:161
Skill:Conceptual
5) ForwhatdateistherearchaeologicalevidenceofhumanpresenceintheAmericas?
A) 20,000B.C.E.
B) 10,000B.C.E.
C) 9500B.C.E.
D) 5000B.C.E.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:161
Skill:Factual
114
6) WhydidthegreatmammalherdsoftheAmericasdiminishandinsomecasesdisappear
entirely?
A) ThereneverwereanylargemammalsintheAmericas.
B) Inadditiontoclimaticchange,theymayhavebeenhuntedtoextinction.
C) Archaeologicalevidencepointstowidespreaddisease,perhapsassociatedwithclimatic
change.
D) Closedofffromotherherds,inbreedingresultedinweakeningofthespeciesuntilthey
succumbedtogeneticfailure.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:162
Skill:Conceptual
7) WhatisthelinguisticpatternforAmericanIndians?
A) AllIndianlanguagesarederivedfromfewparentstocks,indicatingacommonmigration
stock.
B) ThereareonlytwomajorIndianlanguagegroups,suggestingalimiteddiversityamong
theearlymigrantstotheAmericas.
C) Therewere2000Indianlanguagesinthe16thcenturyderivedfromanumberofparent
languagestocks,suggestingculturaldiversityamongmigrants.
D) TherearethousandsofIndianlanguages,noneofthembearinganyresemblancetoany
other.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:162
Skill:Conceptual
8) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningAmericancontactswiththeOldWorldpriorto
thefifteenthcenturyiscorrect?
A) ThereareOldWorldartifacts, Japanesepottery, thathavebeendiscoveredinPeruvian
urbancultures.
B) ThereisnothingtosuggestanycontactwithEuropeanorAsiancivilizations.
C) Thereiscircumstantialevidence, similaritiesinpotterydesign,similarplants,that
suggestscontact,butnophysicalevidenceofanykind.
D) AmericanwritingsystemscanbedirectlyassociatedtoChineseideographicalsystems.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:162
Skill:Conceptual
115
9) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTadisadvantageforAmericanswhentheyeventuallydid
comeincontactwithothercivilizations?
A) Asimplematerialculturepoorinmetallurgicalandweapon-makingskills
B) Alackoflargemammalsasaproteinsourceandapowersource
C) AnisolationfromdiseasescommontoEuropeans,thuslackofimmunities
D) Afailuretodevelopsophisticatedpoliticalsystems
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:162
Skill:Conceptual
10) WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesArchaicculturesintheAmericas?
A) Theyincreasinglydependedonthegatheringofwildfruitsandotherplantfoods,made
baskets,andutilizedgrindingtoolstopreparetherootsandplantstheycollectedfor
food.
B) Archaicculturesweretypifiedbyhuntingandgatheringbandsthatcontinuedtofollow
theherdsoflargemammalsaslateas3000B.C.E.
C) Archaicculturesconstructedmajorurbancentersthatservedaprimarilyreligious
functionsupportedbyagriculturalpopulationsinsurroundingregions.
D) Theyconsistedofsmallvillagesofmulti-storyadobebuildingsshelteredfromthe
weatherandattackbysurroundingcliffs.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:163
Skill:Conceptual
11) WhatistheearliestdateofevidenceforcultivationinhighlandPeru?
A) 10,000B.C.E.
B) 7000B.C.E.
C) 4000B.C.E.
D) 2000B.C.E.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:163
Skill:Factual
116
12) WhatstaplecropofAmericanagriculturewasdomesticatedincentralMexicoby4000B.C.E.?
A) Potatoes
B) Manioc
C) Wheat
D) Maize
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:163
Skill:Factual
13) Howwidelydistributedwastheagriculturalproductionofmaize?
A) ThroughoutMesoamerica
B) ThroughoutSouthAmerica
C) ThroughoutMesoamericaandSouthAmerica
D) ThroughoutMesoamerica,SouthAmerica,andNorthAmerica
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:163
Skill:Factual
14) WhatwasthestaplecropdevelopedinthelowlandareasofSouthAmerica,particularlyinthe
Amazonbasin?
A) Potatoes
B) Manioc
C) Wheat
D) Maize
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:163
Skill:Factual
15) WhatwasthestaplecropofpeopleinthehighlandregionsofSouthAmerica?
A) Potatoes
B) Manioc
C) Wheat
D) Maize
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:163
Skill:Factual
117
16) WhichofthefollowingwerenotdevelopedintheAmericas?
A) Thewheel
B) Theplow
C) Iron
D) Alloftheabove
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:162
Skill:Conceptual
17) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTtypicalofthelevelofsocialorganizationdescribedasa
chiefdom?
A) Socialstratificationwithpriests,nobles,andcommoners
B) Centraltownsfeaturingtemplecomplexes
C) Theabsenceofclanorganization
D) Hereditaryrulerscalledchieftains
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:164-64
Skill:Conceptual
18) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribesthegeographyofMesoamerica?
A) Mostoftheregionisdesertwithasmalltropicalzoneinthesouth.
B) Fromthetropicallowlandsofthenorththelandfallsagaintoanaridzoneinthesouth.
C) Mesoamericaisacomplexpatchworkofzonesthataredividedverticallyintocooler
highlands,tropicallowlandsandcoasts,andanintermediatetemperatezone.
D) Mostoftheregionisaflatfeaturelessplaincoveredbyavirtuallyimpenetrablesod.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:165
Topic:SpreadofCivilizationinMesoamerica
Skill:Conceptual
19) AtapproximatelywhatdatedidthedomesticationofplantsbegininMesoamerica?
A) 10,000B.C.E.
B) 8000B.C.E.
C) 5000B.C.E.
D) 2000B.C.E.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:165
Skill:Factual
118
20) ThefirstcivilizationtoariseinMesoamericawasthatofthe
A) Olmecs.
B) Zapotecs.
C) Toltecs.
D) Aztecs.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:166
Skill:Factual
21) InwhatregionofMesoamericadidtheOlmeccivilizationoriginate?
A) TropicalGuatemala
B) Thehighlandsofthecentralplateau
C) NearTeotihuacan
D) OnthesoutheasterncoastofMexico
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:165
Skill:Factual
22) WhatwerethemostimpressiveOlmecsitesinMesoamerica?
A) MonteAlban
B) SanLorenzoandLaVenta
C) Teotihuacan
D) TihuanacoandHuari
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:166
Skill:Factual
23) WhatmonumentalsculpturesdidtheOlmeccivilizationproduce?
A) Manioc
B) Calendars
C) Stoneheads
D) Stonehands
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:166
Skill:Conceptual
119
24) WhatwasthemajorceremonialcenteroftheZapotecculture?
A) MonteAlban
B) LaVenta
C) Teotihuacan
D) Tihuanaco
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:166
Skill:Factual
25) WhatarethedatesoftheMesoamericanPreclassicperiod?
A) 7000-2000B.C.E.
B) 5000-1000B.C.E.
C) 3000-500B.C.E.
D) 2000-300B.C.E.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:166
Skill:Factual
26) WhatarethedatesoftheMesoamericanClassicperiod?
A) 3000-500B.C.E.
B) 2000-300B.C.E.
C) 300B.C.-500C.E.
D) 150-900C.E.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:166
Skill:Factual
27) WhatwasthemajorceremonialandpoliticalcenterofthecentralMexicanhighlandsduring
theMesoamericanClassicperiod?
A) MonteAlban
B) LaVenta
C) Teotihuacan
D) Tihuanco
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:167
Skill:Factual
120
28) WhichofthefollowingattributeswasNOTfoundintheClassiccivilizationofthecentral
valleyofMexico?
A) Alargeurbancenterwithatemplecomplexfeaturingenormouspyramids
B) Apopulationperhapsashighas200,000
C) Evidenceofsocialstratificationconsistingofpriests,nobles,andcommoners
D) Worshipofasinglegod, theFeatheredSerpent
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:167
Skill:Conceptual
29) WhatcultureemergedduringtheMesoamericanClassicperiodintropicallowlandsofMexico
andGuatemala?
A) Olmecs
B) Mayas
C) Toltecs
D) Zapotecs
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:168
Skill:Factual
30) WhichofthefollowingcharacteristicsoftheMayancalendarwasdifferentfromother
Mesoamericancalendricalsystems?
A) Recurringcyclesofdifferentlength
B) Cyclesof52yearswereregardedassacred
C) Thelongcountcreatedafixeddateoforigin 3114B.C.
D) Beliefingreatcyclesofcreationanddestructionoftheuniverse
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:168
Skill:Conceptual
121
31) WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheMayancultureisNOTtrue?
A) Theypossessedasophisticatedcalendricalsystembasedonbothasacredcycleandthe
solaryear.
B) Despitetheirtechnologicalsophistication,theMayafailedtodevelopasystemof
writing.
C) TheMayacosmosconsistedofaflatEarthwithdominantdeitiesatitscenterand
cardinalpointstosupporttheheavens.
D) Therewerenumbersofcity-statesinMayancivilizationthatengagedinvirtually
constantwarfare.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:168
Skill:Conceptual
32) WhatculturesucceededTeotihuacaninthecentralplateauofMesoamerica?
A) Zapotecs
B) Aztecs
C) Toltecs
D) Mixtecs
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:171
Skill:Factual
33) WhichpeoplelivedinthecavedwellingsatMesaVerde?
A) Hopewell
B) Mississippian
C) Anasazi
D) Adena
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:174
Topic:ThePeoplestotheNorth
Skill:Factual
122
34) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaMesoamericancivilization?
A) Zapotecs
B) Olmecs
C) Anasazi
D) Toltecs
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:174
Skill:Factual
35) WhatseemstoaccountforthedeclineoftheculturesofsouthwesternNorthAmerica?
A) Epidemicdisease
B) Alongperiodofdroughtinthe13thcentury
C) AninvasionoftheNahuatl-speakingToltecs
D) Widespreadfloodingofthecanyonsandvalleysinwhichtheculturesflourished
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:175
Skill:Conceptual
36) Whatarekivas?
A) ShellmiddensassociatedwithArchaichuntingandgatheringcultures
B) MoundsassociatedwithNorthAmericanmound-buildingcultures
C) PyramidsfoundatTeotihuacan
D) CircularpitsusedforceremonialpurposesinAnasaziculture
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:174
Skill:Factual
37) WhichofthefollowingpeoplesdidNOTliveintheAndeanregionofSouthAmerica?
A) Hopewell
B) Chavin
C) Nasca
D) Moche
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:175
Topic:TheAndeanWorld
Skill:Factual
123
38) HowdidthetopographyoftheAndeanregioninfluencethedevelopmentofcivilization?
A) TheunsuitabilityoftheAndeanregionforanyformofagriculturelimitedthe
developmentofcivilizationsthere.
B) TheexistenceofpastoralnomadismintheAndeanregionledtoanimpermanent
populationbase,asonthefringesofAsianandMediterraneancivilizations.
C) Thearidcoastalvalleysdemandedirrigation,andthisspurredpopulationgrowthand
socialcomplexityleadingtothedevelopmentofcivilizationsasintheearlyriver -valley
civilizationsofAsiaandtheMiddleEast.
D) Themanyflatplainsprovidedampleopportunitiesforwidespreaddevelopmentof
sedentaryagriculturalcommunities.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:176
Skill:Conceptual
39) WhyistheverticalityofAndeantopographyimportantindeterminingthenatureofcultures
there?
A) BecausemostoftheupperareasoftheAndeanregionwereuninhabitable,itwas
necessaryforpeopletocontrolthelowerelevations.
B) BecausetheAndeanregionisdividedintomicroecologiesvertically,itbecameimportant
forpeopletocontrolasmanydifferentverticalecologicalzonesaspossible.
C) Becauseofthearidityofthelowervalleys,peoplestruggledtocontroltheupperzonesto
establishsedentaryagriculture.
D) BecauseoftheabsenceofdomesticatedanimalsintheAndeanregion,itwasnecessaryto
controlthoseecologicalzonessuitableforagriculture.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:176
Skill:Conceptual
40) WhichcultureisassociatedwiththeFirstHorizoninAndeancivilization?
A) Mochica
B) Tihuanaco
C) Chimu
D) Chavin
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:176
Skill:Factual
124
41) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTtypicalofChavinculture?
A) Ceremonialcenterswithlargestonebuildings
B) Simpleformsofirrigation
C) Domesticationofsheep
D) Artisticmotifsassociatedwithacultorsystemofreligiousbeliefs
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:187
Skill:Conceptual
42) Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelyreflectsthesocialandpoliticalorganization
oftheAndeanregionafterthedeclineofChavincultureca.300B.C.E.?
A) Itwasaperiodofregionalcenterswithoutpoliticalunity,butproducedsomeofthe
Andeanworldsfinestart.
B) Itwasaperiodtypifiedbytheriseofacentralizedempirewithitscenterlocatednear
Cuzcointhemountains.
C) Andeansocietyrevertedtohuntingandgatheringsocialgroupswithlittleevidencefor
sedentaryagriculture.
D) AndeansocietybecamepartofthemoreprosperousempireofTeotihuacanasthe
MexicanstatesuccessfullyextendeditscontroltoSouthAmerica.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:176
Skill:Conceptual
43) In300C.E.theIntermediateHorizonwasassociatedwiththeemergenceofwhattwo
politicalcenters?
A) TeotihuacanandTikal
B) PalenqueandChichenItza
C) MocheandChan
D) TihuanacoandHuari
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:179
Skill:Factual
125
44) WhoconqueredtheChimustatein1465?
A) TheHuacas
B) TheAztecs
C) TheMoche
D) TheIncas
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:179
Skill:Conceptual
45) ThedeclineoftheIntermediateHorizoninAndeancivilizationcoincidedwithwhateventin
Mesoamericancivilization?
A) TheriseofMayancultureandtheurbantemplecomplexatTeotihuacan
B) TheArchaicperiod
C) TheendoftheClassicperiod
D) TheemergenceofOlmeccivilizationduringthePreclassicperiod
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:179
Skill:Factual
46) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaprincipleofAndeanpolitical,social,andeconomic
organization?
A) controlofanumberofecologicalnichesatdifferentaltitudestoensureself-sufficiency
B) compositionofsocietyintohouseholdswhichtogetherrecognizedsomeformofkinship
intoayllus
C) consolidationintoasinglelanguagegroup
D) theprincipleofreciprocalsocialobligations
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:179
Skill:Conceptual
126
47) WhichanimalwasfoundintheAndeanregion?
A) Llamas
B) Buffalo
C) Horses
D) Sheep
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:180
Skill:Factual
48) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningAndeanayllus ismostcorrect?

A) AyllusonlyexistedinthemoreprimitivesocialunitstypicalofearlyAndeancivilization.
B) Allmembersofanaylluwereregardedassocialequalswithequalaccesstocommunity
property.
C) Membersofanayllupracticedmarriageendogamy theymarriedoutsidetheirkinship
group.
D) Allmembersofanayllutraceddescentfromacommonancestor.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:179
Skill:Conceptual
49) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaculturaldifferencebetweenMesoamericanandAndean
civilizations?
A) GreatermetallurgicaltechnologyinAndeancivilization
B) TheexistenceofpastoralisminAndeancivilization
C) TheexistenceofwritinginMesoamericancivilization
D) PoliticalunificationintoregionalempiresinMesoamerica
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:180
Topic:Conclusion:AmericanCivilizations
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) WhatisthegenerallyacceptedtheoryforhowhumansmigratedtotheAmericas?Aboutwhen
didtheyarrive?
Answer: CrossedoverlandbridgefromAsia;bridgecreatedduringlasticeageassealevel
dropped;arrivedinAmericasca.20,000B.C.E.
Diff:1
PageRef:161-162
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
127
2) WhendidsedentaryagriculturalsocietiesemergeintheAmericas?Whatwerethestaplesof
Americanagriculture?Howdidsedentaryagricultureaffectsocialandpoliticalorganization?
Answer: Earliestknowncultivationca.7000B.C.E..;plantdomesticationwidespreadby5000
B.C.E..;varietyofcrops,butthreemainstaples:maizeinMesoamericalaterspread
throughoutAmericas,maniocinlowlandSouthAmericaandCaribbean,potatoesin
highlandSouthAmerica;sedentaryagricultureledtoincreasinglycomplexsocial
organization;particularlyassociatedwithriseofirrigationsystemsinMesoamerica
(Olmec,Teotihuacan,Maya)andAndes(ChavinbutmoreparticularlywithTihuanaco
andHuari).
Diff:2
PageRef:162-163
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhatwerethemajorcivilizationsofPreclassicandClassicMesoamerica?Howwerethese
civilizationsorganizedsocially,politically,economically?
Answer: Majorcivilizations:Preclassic Olmec,Classic TeotihuacanandMaya.Allcivilizations
basedonurbanizedcentersthatfeaturedmonumentalarchitecture,oftenpyramids,
devotedtoreligiouscults;authorityofearlypoliticalleadersmayhavebeenbasedon
religion;urbancenterssupportedbyagriculturalhinterlandsdevotedtoirrigatedforms
ofagriculture;evidenceofwidespreadtradenetworksthatdistributedreligiousand
culturalformsoverbroadareas;clearevidenceofsocialstratificationinallcivilizations
priests,nobility,artisans,peasantsorcommoners.
Diff:2
PageRef:165-170
Skill:Conceptual
4) WhatwerethemajorsimilaritiesanddifferencebetweenMesoamericanandAndean
civilizations?
Answer: Similarities:lackofdomesticatedanimalsandthewheel,politicallyhierarchical,
polytheisticreligiousbeliefs.Differences:pastoralism,metallurgy,butnowritinginthe
Andes.
Diff:2
PageRef:191-192
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhatwerethebasesfortheorganizationofsocietyamongtheAndescivilizations?
Answer: Attempttocontrolvarietyofecologicalnichestosecureself-sufficiency;organization
intokinshipgroupsorayllus;marriagewithinayllu;socialstratificationwithinayllu;
kinshipgroupsprovidedbasesforlargerpoliticalconglomerations;societybound
togetherbyreciprocalobligations.
Diff:2
PageRef:178-180
Skill:Conceptual
128
Chapter9 TheSpreadofCivilizationsandtheMovement
ofPeoples
1) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthegeographyofAfricaismostcorrect?
A) ItliesinthetropicsandcontainsmostlyrainforestswiththeexceptionoftheSahara
desert.
B) Itliesmostlyinthetropics,butitssurfaceiscoveredmainlybysavannas,aridplains,
anddeserts.
C) Itliesprimarilywithintemperateclimaticzones,andconsistsmainlyofgrassyplains
brokenbyoccasionalmountainranges.
D) Despiteitslocationinatemperatezone,mostofAfricaisdesert.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:185
Topic:TheSpreadofCivilizationinAfrica
Skill:Conceptual
2) AfricawascalledtheDarkContinent
A) butwasoftenincontactwithothercivilizationsandcultures.
B) becauseitremainedlargelyisolatedfromoutsidecontactsuntilthenineteenthcentury.
C) becauseitssoilwasconsideredmorefertilethanthatofothercontinents.
D) becauseitremainedwithoutcivilizationuntiltheEuropeanexplorationsofthe19th
century.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:185
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhatwastheclimaticchangethataffectedthedistributionofpeoplesinAfrica?
A) Theentirecontinentbecameprogressivelywetterduetoannualincreasesinrainfall
beginninginthe3rdmillenniumB.C.E.
B) IncreasedrainfallproducedwidespreadrainforeststhatstretchedacrossAfricafromthe
AtlanticcoastlinetoEthiopia.
C) AdecreaseinannualrainfallturnedthenorthernareasofthecontinentintotheSahara
desertby3000B.C.E.
D) AdecreaseinannualrainfalldestroyedallofthePaleolithicrainforestsofAfricaand
createdwidespreadsavannas,particularlyinwestAfrica.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:185-186
Skill:Conceptual
129
4) Howdidsedentaryagriculturedevelopinsub-SaharanAfrica?
A) Sedentaryagriculturewasdevelopedindependentlyinsub-SaharanAfricabythe
domesticationofrootsandtubersnativetothecontinent.
B) ThenatureofthefirstdomesticatedcropsindicatesthatagriculturereachedAfricafrom
EuropeandtheMediterranean.
C) ThenatureofthefirstdomesticatedcropsindicatesthatagriculturereachedAfricafrom
westAsiaandtheNearEast.
D) SedentaryagriculturewasnotdevelopedinAfricauntilthearrivaloftheEuropeans
duringthe19thcentury.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:186
Skill:Conceptual
5) BywhatdatehadsedentaryagriculturebeenintroducedintoAfrica?
A) 7000B.C.E.
B) 3000B.C.E.
C) 300C.E..
D) 1800C.E..
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:186
Skill:Factual
6) WhatwasthesourceofdomesticatedanimalsinAfrica?
A) Africansdomesticatedcattle,horses,goats,andsheepnativetothecontinent.
B) MostlargemammalsofAfricawereunsuitablefordomesticationandAfricanagriculture
waslargelywithoutapastoralelement.
C) Cattle,sheep,goats,andthecamelwereintroducedtoAfricafromthewestern
Mediterranean.
D) Cattle,sheep,goats,andthecamelwereintroducedfromwesternAsia.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:186-187
Skill:Conceptual
130
7) WhatbiologicalfactormadeitdifficulttosustainpastoralisminsomeregionsofAfrica?
A) Tsetsefly
B) Rabies
C) Anthrax
D) Lackofgeneticdiversity
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:187
Skill:Factual
8) WhatwaspeculiarabouttheAfricanadaptationofmetallurgy?
A) MostAfricanculturesfailedtoadoptmetallurgyandremaineddependentonstonetools
andtechnology.
B) Africanculturesdevelopedbronzetoolmakingindependently,butreceivedironworking
fromthewesternMediterranean.
C) Africanculturesneverpassedbeyondbronzemetallurgy.
D) AfricanculturesreceivedironmetallurgyfromwesternAsia,butneverdeveloped
coppermetallurgy.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:187
Skill:Conceptual
9) AtapproximatelywhatdatewasironmetallurgyintroducedintoAfrica?
A) 3000B.C.E.
B) ThelastmillenniumB.C.E.
C) 100C.E.
D) 1250C.E.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:187
Skill:Factual
131
10) ThepeopleresponsibleforthegreatpopulationmovementthatoriginatedineasternNigeria
inWestAfricaandspreadthroughoutthecontinentwerethe
A) Almoravids.
B) Bantu.
C) Masai.
D) Maori.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:188
Skill:Factual
11) WhatisthemostlikelycauseforthesuccessoftheBantumigration?
A) Theirirontechnologygavethemamilitaryadvantageofstone -usingtechnologiesthey
conquered.
B) Theirorganizationinphalanxesallowedthemtooverwhelmlesswell-organized
societies.
C) Theiruseofmountedcavalryandwarchariotsgavethemamilitaryadvantageoverthe
peoplestheyconquered.
D) TheircontrolofthegoldtradewiththeMediterraneangavethemgreatwealth.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:188
Skill:Conceptual
12) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheoriginalsocialandeconomicorganizationof
theearlyBantuisNOTcorrect?
A) Theydependedonagricultureandfishing
B) Theydomesticatedgoatsandperhapscattle
C) Theylivedinlargetemplecomplexesfeaturingmonumentalarchitecturewith
ceremonialpurposes
D) Theyorganizedtheirsocietyaroundkinshipgroups
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:188
Skill:Conceptual
132
13) BywhatdatedidtheBantumigrationreachthesouthernendoftheAfricancontinent?
A) 3000B.C.E.
B) 900B.C.E.
C) 900C.E.
D) thethirteenthcenturyC.E.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:189
Skill:Factual
14) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaparalleldevelopmentinsub-SaharanandEgyptian
cultures?
A) Theideaofthekingasadivinebeingwithspecialpowersovernaturalphenomena
B) Brother-sistermarriageamongrulers
C) Ritualsoftakingauthority
D) Monotheism
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:189
Skill:Conceptual
15) WhatkingdomsucceededMeroeasthedominantpowerintheEthiopianhighlands?
A) Kush
B) Ghana
C) Mali
D) Axum
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:189
Skill:Factual
16) WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthekingdomofAxum?
A) ItconvertedtoIslaminthe7thcenturyC.E.
B) IttradedwithEgyptandeventuallywithRome,ByzantiumandIndia.
C) Ithadnocontactwiththeoutsideworld.
D) ItincorporatedMesopotamiaintoitsempire.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:192
Skill:Conceptual
133
17) WhatwasthedominantreligionofAxumafter350C.E..?
A) Christianity
B) Islam
C) Mithraism
D) Shinto
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:192
Skill:Factual
18) Whatgoodsdidthepeopleofthesavannatradebetweentheforestzoneofthesouthandthe
Mediterranean?
A) Irontotheforestzoneinreturnforivory
B) Horsestotheforestzoneinreturnforirontools
C) Camels,sheep,andgoatstotheforestzoneinreturnforfoodproducts
D) Salttotheforestzoneinreturnforgold
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:192
Skill:Conceptual
19) Whatearlysub-Saharanempirewasbasedonthecontroloftrans-Saharacommerce?
A) Axum
B) Mali
C) Kush
D) Ghana
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:192
Skill:Factual
20) After985C.E.whatreligionwasembracedbytheelitesinthewestAfricanstates?
A) Christianity
B) Islam
C) Mithraism
D) Shinto
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:192
Skill:Factual
134
21) WhatgroupofpeoplewereresponsiblefortheconquestofGhanain1076?
A) Almohades
B) Carthaginians
C) Idrisids
D) Almoravids
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:194
Skill:Factual
22) ThepeoplewhoinhabitedmostoftheBritishIsleswere
A) Germans.
B) Slavs.
C) Celts.
D) Scythians.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:197
Topic:TheSlavsandGermansontheNorthernRim
Skill:Factual
23) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTafeatureofCelticsocialandeconomicorganization?
A) Mixedagriculturalandhuntingeconomies
B) Lackofcities
C) WritingsystembasedonearlyIndo-Europeanlanguages
D) Organizationintosmallregionalkingdoms
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:198
Skill:Conceptual
24) WhatRomanhistorianwroteconcerningthesocietyoftheGermans?
A) Livy
B) AmmianusMarcellinus
C) ScipioCunctor
D) Tacitus
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:198
Skill:Factual
135
25) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthestatusofwomeninGermanicsocietyismost
accurate?
A) Inasocietythatvaluedmatrilinealties,womenwereregardedashavinganelementof
holinessandthegiftofprophecy.
B) Inthestrictlypatrilinealandpatriarchalsocietytypicalofmostnomadicpastoralists,
womenwereoftentreatedasproperty.
C) WomeninGermanicsocietywerescarcelymorethanslaves.
D) InthestronglymatriarchalsocietyoftheGermans,womenweretheheadsof
households.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:198
Skill:Conceptual
26) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthenatureofGermanicpoliticalorganization
after200C.E.ismostaccurate?
A) Afterthe2ndcenturyC.E.,Germanictribesfragmentedintokinshipunits.
B) After200C.E.,someGermantribescoalescedintolargertribalconfederationsasthey
learnedtocopyRomanmilitarystructure.
C) After200C.E.,severalGermantribessuccessfullycreatedempiresonthebordersofthe
Romanempire.
D) After200C.E.,allofnorthwesternEuropewassubordinatedtoasingleGermanicempire
withitscapitalatJutland.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:198
Skill:Conceptual
27) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTafeatureofGermanicreligionoutsidetheRomanempire?
A) itwasanimistic
B) Germansworshippedthespiritsofnature
C) horseswerecommonlysacrificedtothegods
D) GermanspracticedmonotheisticworshipofthegodWodin
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:198
Skill:Conceptual
136
28) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTareasonfortheGermanmigrationintotheRomanempire?
A) PopulationgrowthinGermaniclands
B) Romesgrowingweakness
C) ACelticinvasiononthewesternflankoftheGermanicregion
D) ThenomadictraditionoftheGermans
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:198
Skill:Conceptual
29) BywhattimewasagricultureestablishedinsoutheasternEurope(inwhatisnowmodern
Russia)?
A) 5000B.C.E.
B) 3000B.C.E.
C) 900B.C.E.
D) 900C.E.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:199
Skill:Factual
30) FromwhatlinguisticgroupdidtheSlavscome?
A) Celtic
B) Germanic
C) Indo-European
D) Bantu
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:199
Skill:Factual
31) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTtypicalofthetransmissionofChineseculturetoJapan?
A) Transmissionbymerchants
B) Transmissionbystudents
C) TransmissionbyBuddhistmonks
D) Transmissionbymilitaryconquest
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:202
Topic:TheSpreadofChineseCivilizationtoJapan
Skill:Conceptual
137
32) ThetransmissionofChineseculturetoJapanwasmediatedbywhatpeople?
A) Koreans
B) Ainu
C) Vietnamese
D) Hsiung-nu
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:202
Skill:Factual
33) AtwhatdatehadtheancestorsoftheJapanesepeoplebeguntomigratetotheJapanese
islands?
A) 5000B.C.E.
B) 3000B.C.E.
C) 1000B.C.E.
D) 300C.E.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:202
Skill:Factual
34) WhatwastheearlycultureofJapanafterthe3rdmillenniumB.C.E.typifiedbyhuntingand
gatheringanddistinctivepottery?
A) Kemal
B) Shinto
C) Jomon
D) Haiku
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:202
Skill:Factual
35) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTintroducedintoJapanduringtheYayoiepoch?
A) Wet-riceagriculture
B) Buddhism
C) Ironworking
D) Wheel-turnedpottery
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:203
Skill:Conceptual
138
36) WhatwasthesocialandpoliticalorganizationofJapanpriortothe5thcenturyC.E.?
A) Japanwasdividedintoregionalkingdomswithautocraticrulerswhodominatedthe
socialorganization.
B) Japanwasorganizedintoasingleempireunderanautocraticrulersupportedbya
powerfulpriesthood.
C) Japanwasdividedintohundredsofclansdominatedbyasmallwarrioraristocracy.
D) Japanesesocietywasunabletomovebeyondhuntingandgatheringbandspriortothe
fifthcenturyC.E.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:203
Skill:Conceptual
37) WhatwasthepositionofwomeninearlyJapanesesocietypriortothe5thcenturyC.E.?
A) Womenweretreatedaspropertywithinstronglypatriarchalhouseholds.
B) Althoughlinesofdescentwerematrilineal,Japanesewomenwereclearlysubjecttotheir
husbands.
C) Japanesewomenenjoyedlimitedfreedomtoseekoccupationsoutsidethehousehold,
butwereotherwisesubjecttopatriarchalauthority.
D) Japanesehouseholdswerematriarchalanddominatedbychildbearingwomenwhoalso
playedkeyrolesasreligiousshamans.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:203
Skill:Conceptual
38) WhatwasthechiefreligionofearlyJapanpriortothe5thcenturyC.E.?
A) Shinto
B) Christianity
C) Islam
D) Buddhism
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:203
Skill:Factual
139
39) WhichoftheJapaneseclanssucceededinestablishingthefirstempireontheislands?
A) Ainu
B) Honshu
C) Fuji
D) Yamato
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:204
Skill:Factual
40) WhatwasthesignificanceoftheJapaneseadoptionofChinesescript?
A) TheJapanesewereableforthefirsttimetodevelopironmetallurgy.
B) TheJapanesewereabletoconquertheChinese.
C) TheYamatowereabletobuildatruebureaucracyandestablishtheircontrolovervassal
clanheads.
D) TheadoptionofChinesescriptmadeiteasierfortheChinesetoconquerJapan.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:204
Skill:Conceptual
41) InwhatcenturydidBuddhismreachJapanfromChina?
A) 2ndcenturyB.C.E.
B) 2ndcenturyC.E.
C) 4thcenturyC.E.
D) 6thcenturyC.E.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:204
Skill:Factual
140
42) WhichofthefollowingactivitieswasNOTpracticedbyBuddhistmonksfollowingthe
conversionoftheJapanese?
A) Monksservedasadvisorstotheemperorandregionallords.
B) Monksstressedscripturalpassagesthatsupportedrulebyastrongmonarchthrougha
centralizedstate.
C) MonksintroducedtheChinesechroniclesasamodelforthefirsthistoriesofJapan.
D) MonksdestroyedtheShintoshrinesthathadexistedthroughoutJapan.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:204
Skill:Conceptual
43) WhichofthefollowingdevelopmentswasNOTaresultoftheincreasingChineseinfluenceon
JapanaftertheintroductionofBuddhism?
A) TheJapanesemerchantclassceasedtoexistasaseparatesocialentity
B) Aclassofmonksandscholarsdeveloped
C) TradewithChinaandKorealedtotheimportationofnewtoolsandtechniques
D) MedicinesandmethodsoftreatingdiseasewereintroducedfromChina
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:205
Skill:Conceptual
44) WhatimpactdidtheintroductionofChinesehouseholdpatternshaveonJapan?
A) Therewasnoimpact,becausetheJapanesealreadypracticedpatriarchalauthorityand
patrilinealdescent.
B) TheimportationofChinesehouseholdpatternsstrengthenedtheroleofwomeninthe
Japanesehousehold.
C) Japanesewomen,whohadenjoyedgreatauthoritywithinthehouseholdinearlyJapan,
lostgroundwiththeimpositionofpatriarchyandpatrilinealdescent.
D) MatriarchalauthorityremainedunaffectedinJapanesehouseholds,butdescentchanged
frommatrilinealtopatrilinealpatternstypicalofChina.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:205
Skill:Conceptual
141
45) WhatgroupwithinJapanwasmostopposedtotheintroductionofChinesecustoms?
A) Theemperors
B) Thewarriorelite
C) Thebureaucracy
D) TheBuddhistmonks
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:205
Skill:Factual
46) ThefamilyoflanguagestowhichthemigrantsfromAsiatoPolynesiabelongiscalled
A) Indo-European.
B) Chinese.
C) Bantu.
D) Austronesian.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:206
Topic:TheScatteredSocietiesofPolynesia
Skill:Factual
47) AtwhatdateweretheHawaiianislandssettled?
A) 3000B.C.E.
B) 900B.C.E.
C) 300C.E.
D) 1000C.E.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:208
Skill:Factual
142
48) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningHawaiiansocialandpoliticalorganizationis
mostcorrect?
A) TheHawaiianswereabletoformacentralizedmonarchyunderanautocraticrulerby
700C.E.
B) Hawaiiansocietywasdividedintochieflyfamiliesdominatedby aliiwhobasedtheir
authorityonlineage.
C) Hawaiiansocietywasessentiallyasocietyofequalswithritualauthoritybeinggranted
toasingleshaman.
D) Hawaiiansocietyfailedtoprogressbeyondthelevelofhuntingandgatheringband.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:208
Skill:Conceptual
49) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthenatureofMaorisocialandpolitical
organizationismostaccurate?
A) TheMaorisdevelopedacentralizedempireunderasingleautocraticrulersupportedby
aliteratepriesthood.
B) TheMaoriswereunabletoprogressbeyondthelevelofhuntingandgatheringband.
C) Maorisocietywasdividedintochieflyfamiliesdominatedbyalii wholegitimizedtheir
authoritythroughgenealogicaldescent.
D) Maorisocietywastribalwithsubdivisionscalledhapu ledbywarriorchiefs.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:209
Skill:Conceptual
50) WhichoftheemergingareaswasNOTincontactwithmoreestablishedcivilizationcenters
andthusdevelopedalessadvancedmaterialculture?
A) Polynesia
B) NorthernEurope
C) Japan
D) Sub-SaharanAfrica
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:210
Topic:Conclusion:TheEmergingCultures
Skill:Conceptual
143
EssayQuestions
1) Towhatextentdoesthedevelopmentofcivilizationinsub -SaharanAfricademonstratethe
significanceofinfluencefromcorecivilizations?
Answer: DevelopmentofsedentaryagriculturereceivedfromwesternAsia;domesticated
animalsimportedfromwesternAsia;ironmetallurgyintroducedfromwesternAsia;
sub-Saharanculturesdevelopedironmetallurgywithoutintermediarystepsofcopper
andbronze.
Diff:2
PageRef:185-188
Skill:Conceptual
2) DescribetheculturesofnorthernEurope.
Answer: Celts,Germans,Slavsbasedontribalorganizationdevelopedintoregionalkingdoms;
practicedmixedagricultureandhuntingeconomies;materialculturewas
unsophisticatedbutdiddevelopironmetallurgy;lackofmonumentalarchitecture,
urbanization.
Diff:2
PageRef:195-199
Skill:Conceptual
3) InwhatwaysdidtheimportationofChinesecultureaffectearlyJapan?
Answer: JapaneseabletobuildtruebureaucracyafterintroductionofChinesescript;ableto
learnfromtextsinscience,religion,art;importationofBuddhismmonksstressed
strongcentralmonarchy;developedmonasteriesandshrines;changeinmatriarchal
householdstoChineseemphasisonpatriarchalauthority;developmentofmerchantsas
separateclass.
Diff:2
PageRef:200-205
Skill:Conceptual
4) WhatwasthesocialorganizationofthePolynesianpeoples?Howdiditcomparewiththatof
civilizations?
Answer: Hawaiiansocietyhighlystratifiedwithalii ortribalchieftainswhocontrolledsections
ofHawaiianislands;authoritybasedongenealogy;commonersengagedinagriculture;
subjectedtopaymentoftributetoalii.NewZealandsocietyorganizedintotribes
subdividedintohapu;withinhapudividedintoextendedfamilyhouseholds;hapuledby
skilledwarriors;Polynesiansocietieslackedoccupationalspecializationfoundin
civilizations;limitedtechnologicaladvance.
Diff:2
PageRef:206-210
Skill:Conceptual
144
5) Howwereallofthefringesocietiessimilar?Towhatextentweretheydifferent?
Answer: Alldependedondevelopmentofagriculturalsystemsforevolutionofmorecomplex
socialandpoliticalsystems;eachsocietymaintaineduniqueelementsfromitspast
(JapaneseShintoism,warriororganizationofGermanictribes,languagestructureof
Bantu);allofthesocietieswereinfluencedbycorecivilizationsexceptonePolynesia.
Diff:2
PageRef:209-210
Topic:Conclusion:TheEmergingCultures
Skill:Conceptual
145
Chapter10 TheEndoftheClassicalEra:WorldHistory
inTransition,200-700C.E.
1) WhichofthefollowingwasacommonproblemforallthreeoftheEurasianclassical
civilizations?
A) Totallossofallelementsofcivilization
B) Outsideinvasionsbynomadicpastoralists
C) Failureoftheagriculturalsystems
D) Internalrebellionsofpeasants
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:214
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) WhichofthefollowingpeoplecontributedtothedeclineinRomancivilization?
A) AttilatheHun
B) Hannibal
C) Pompey
D) Gupta
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:214
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
3) Whichclassicalcivilizationwasthefirsttodecline?
A) HanChina
B) Rome
C) GuptaIndia
D) Theyalldeclinedatthesametime.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:214
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
146
4) WhatwasthecauseofthedeterioratingconditionofthepeasantryinlaterHanChina?
A) Alengthydroughtthatcausedfailureofthecrops
B) ThegrowthofslaveryfollowingtheintroductionofBuddhism
C) Thegrowingpowerofthegreatlandholderstotaxleadingtogrowingserfdom
D) Confucianacceptanceoftheenslavementofthesmallfarmers
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:214
Topic:UpheavalsinEasternandSouthernAsia
Skill:Conceptual
5) TheYellowTurbanswere
A) ConfucianadministratorsintheempireofthelaterHan.
B) BuddhistmissionariesfollowingthefalloftheHan.
C) leadingmembersofthescholar-gentryinHanChina.
D) DaoistleadersofapeasantrevolutionagainsttheHan.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:215
Skill:Factual
6) WhichofthefollowingdevelopmentsdidNOToccurfollowingthefalloftheHandynasty?
A) Chinawasruledforseveralcenturiesbythelandowningclasswhooperatedprivate
armies.
B) SouthernandnorthernChinapulledapartwithgreaterprosperityinsouthernChina.
C) AHsiung-nudynastywasestablishedinnorthernChina.
D) BuddhismenteredChina.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:215
Skill:Conceptual
147
7) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutearlyBuddhisminChinaismostaccurate?
A) TheChineseimposedsomeoftheirownvaluesonBuddhismsuchastheimportanceof
maintainingfamiliesandpoliticalloyaltytothestate.
B) TheIndianBuddhistwhoenteredChinaseparatedthemselvesfromChinesetraditions
andestablishedregionalcommunitiesthatremainedindependentoftheChinesestate.
C) ChineseBuddhismborenoresemblancetoIndianBuddhism.
D) DaoistssawtheemergenceofChineseBuddhismasanopportunitytooverthrowthe
fundamentaltrendinChinatowardConfucianism.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:215
Skill:Conceptual
8) HowdidtheemergenceofBuddhisminChinaaffectDaoism?
A) DaoismmergedwithBuddhismtocreateasinglereligiousmovement.
B) DaoismrapidlydisappearedfollowingtheappearanceofBuddhism.
C) TheappearanceofBuddhismledtogreaterformalizationofDaoistdoctrineandmore
effortstoreachthecommonpeople.
D) DaoismbecameanillegalreligionandtheChinesestatemovedrapidlytosuppress
variousDaoistrituals,particularlythosedealingwithmagicandhealing.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:215
Skill:Conceptual
9) WhatdynastysucceededtheHan?
A) Tang
B) Song
C) Sui
D) Qin
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:217
Skill:Factual
148
10) WhatwasthecauseofthedemiseoftheSuidynasty?
A) RebellionsbytheYellowTurbans
B) FinancialcollapsecausedbyexpansionintoKoreaandcentralAsia
C) OverthrowbyacombinationoflandholdersandBuddhistmonks
D) InvasionfromsoutheastAsia
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:217
Skill:Conceptual
11) WhatgroupwasresponsibleforthedisruptionoftheGuptaempire?
A) Aryans
B) Tamils
C) Germans
D) Huns
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:217
Skill:Factual
12) TheimperialstructureofIndiawasbrieflyrestoredin506C.E.duringthereignof
A) ChandraguptaII.
B) Harsha.
C) Chandrasankar.
D) Devi.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:217
Skill:Factual
13) ThenamegiventotheregionalprinceswhogovernedmuchofIndiaaftertheimperialperiod
was
A) emir.
B) Dolmut.
C) Bhoona.
D) Rajput.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:217
Skill:Factual
149
14) WhatwasthestatusofBuddhisminIndiafollowingthefalloftheGuptaempire?
A) ItcontinuedtodeclineinthefaceoftheGuptapreferenceforHinduismandthedislike
ofthesucceedingmilitaryrulersforBuddhistprinciples.
B) Buddhismdeclined,butretainedapresenceinIndiaasitwasadoptedbytheHunnic
invaders.
C) BuddhismwasresurrectedasamajorreligioninIndiabecauseitwasadoptedbymany
oftheregionalleaderswhosoughttobuttresstheirauthority.
D) BuddhismreplacedHinduismastheprimaryreligionoftheIndianpopulation,although
itwasoutlawedbytherulingmilitaryprinces.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:217
Skill:Conceptual
15) ThecultofwhatHindudivinitygainedgreaterpopularityfollowingthefalloftheGupta
empire?
A) Shiva
B) Devi
C) Kali
D) Mandala
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:217
Skill:Factual
16) WhatwastheimpactofthereassertionofHinduismonthecastesystemofIndia?
A) Thecastesystemwasabolished.
B) Thecastesystemremainedimportantandunchanged.
C) ThecastesystemwasrestrictedtonorthernIndia.
D) Thecastesystembecamemorecomplex.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:217
Skill:Conceptual
150
17) DuringwhatcenturydidtheArabicarmiesrepresentingIslamreachnorthwesternIndia?
A) 4th
B) 6th
C) 7th
D) 8th
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:218
Skill:Factual
18) WhichstatementaboutIndiaseconomicactivityinthewakeofthecollapseoftheGupta
dynastyisNOTtrue?
A) Indiaremainedeconomicallystrong
B) ThedecadesafterthefalloftheGuptassawnewoutreachintrade
C) Tradecollapsed,andIndiawaseconomicallydevastated
D) Bythe8thcentury,IslamiccompetitionbegantoaffectIndiaseconomicposition
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:218
Skill:Conceptual
19) HowdoesthedeclineandfalloftheRomanempirecomparechronologicallytothecollapseof
theHanandtheGuptaempires?
A) TheRomanempirecollapsedbeforeeitheroftheothertwo.
B) TheRomanempirecollapsedafterbothoftheothertwo.
C) TheRomanempirecollapsedaftertheHanbutbeforetheGupta.
D) TheRomanempirecollapsedaftertheGuptabutbeforetheHan.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:218
Topic:TheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire
Skill:Factual
151
20) WhataspectofRomespopulationsizewasasignofitsdecline?
A) Decliningpopulationasbirthratesnolongerkeptpacewithdeathrates
B) RisingpopulationasRomanexpansionledtoincreasingnumberofslaves
C) Decliningpopulationasreligiousconversionledtomanymaleschoosingcelibacyasa
wayoflife
D) Risingpopulationleadingtofoodshortages,particularlyacuteintheeasternhalfofthe
empire
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:219
Skill:Conceptual
21) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTasymptomofRomesdecline?
A) ThebrutalityandarbitrarinessofmanylaterRomanemperors
B) Theincreasingdifficultyoftaxcollecting
C) AgrowingsenseofdespairamongRomancitizens
D) Thecatastrophiceffectsofcontinuingexpansion
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:219
Skill:Conceptual
22) AfterwhatdatedidthesignsofdeclinebecomeevidentwithintheRomanempire?
A) 88C.E.
B) 180C.E.
C) 250C.E.
D) 476C.E.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:218
Skill:Factual
152
23) WhatimpactdidtheendofRomanexpansionhaveontheeconomyoftheempire?
A) Itpermittedtheempiretofocusitsresourcesoverasmallerterritoryandreducedthe
strainontheimperialeconomy.
B) TheprimaryresultwastherestrictionofRomancommercetotradewithsub-Saharan
Africa.
C) TheeconomysufferedastheRomanslostcontroloverthetradeoftheIndianOcean.
D) TheendofexpansionledtoalaborshortageastheRomaneconomydependedona
steadysupplyofslavelabor.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:219
Skill:Conceptual
24) WhatwasthegreatestweaknessinthepoliticalconstitutionoftheRomanEmpire?
A) TheRomanarmydependedentirelyonsmallfarmersasconscripts.
B) Therewasnoestablishedprincipleofsuccessiontotheofficeofemperor.
C) TheRomanshadnoestablishedlegalsystem.
D) ThearistocraticSenatecompletelydominatedtheimperialconstitution.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:219
Skill:Conceptual
25) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaproblemintheprocessofdeclinewithintheRoman
Empire?
A) Aseriesofplagues
B) Leadpoisoning
C) Risingpopulationleadingtofoodshortages
D) Increasingburdensonthestatesbudgetleadingtogreatertaxation
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:218-219
Skill:Conceptual
153
26) WhatwasthenatureoftheculturallifeoftheRomanempireduringtheperiodofdecline?
A) Despitetheworseningpoliticalsituation,theperiodofdeclinewasoneofthemost
productiveculturalperiodsinRomanhistory.
B) TherewasatotaldisappearanceofanyculturalcreativityinthelaterRomanEmpire.
C) Romanscholarsinthelaterempirewereinnovativeinthefieldsofscience,mathematics,
andtechnology.
D) ThesoleareaofcreativityinlaterRomanculturewasinChristiantheology.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:220
Skill:Conceptual
27) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheRomanupperclassattheendoftheempire
ismostaccurate?
A) TheRomanupperclassvaliantlyattemptedtohaltthedeclineoftheempire,butwas
overwhelmed.
B) BecausetheRomanupperclassmadeupthebulkoftheofficercorpsoftheRoman
armies,theirdeclinewasparticularlycritical.
C) Romesupperclassesbecamesteadilymorepleasure-seekingandindividualistic,
turningawayfromthepoliticaldevotionthathadcharacterizedtherepublic.
D) AloneamongtheRomansocialgroups,theelitewasabletoincreasetheirnumbersand
thusbecamemoredominantinthepoliticalstructure.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:219
Skill:Conceptual
28) HowdidtheplaguesthatsweptovertheRomanempireinthe2ndcenturyC.E.contributeto
theempiresdecline?
A) Theplagueskilledthelastemperor.
B) Theplaguesdecimatedthepopulationandseverelydisruptedeconomiclife.
C) TheplaguesledtowarwithHanChina.
D) TheplaguescompletelywipedoutthepopulationofRome.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:219
Skill:Conceptual
154
29) WhatoccurredwithintheagriculturalsystemattheendoftheRomanempire?
A) Thedeclineofslavelaborresultedinthereturntoprimarilysmallindependent
farmsteads.
B) Theincidenceofplaguesdrovepeoplefromthecitiesintothecountrysideandresulted
inanintensificationoftheagriculturaleconomyofthelaterRomanempire.
C) Aslifebecamemoreprecarious,manyfarmerssurrenderedfullcontroloftheirestates
andclusteredaroundtheprotectionoflargelandlords.
D) Thestateundertookcontroloftheagriculturaleconomyandestablishedstatefarms
staffedbyslaves.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:219-220
Skill:Conceptual
30) Howdidthechangeintheagriculturaleconomyaffectthebalanceofpoliticalpoweratthe
endoftheRomanempire?
A) Itgavepoliticalpowertothelandlordsbutweakenedtheholdoftheemperor.
B) Smallindependentfarmerswereabletorestoretheirpoliticalinfluenceattheexpenseof
thecentralgovernment.
C) Theemperorswereabletoestablishalmostabsolutepoliticalcontrolbecauseofthe
failureofthelargelandholders.
D) Thereductioninthenumberofslavesweakenedthelargelandholderswholostpolitical
influencetoboththecentralgovernmentandthesmallindependentfarmers.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:219-220
Skill:Conceptual
31) WhatRomanemperorattemptedtoreversethedeclineoftheempirebyadministrativereform
andimprovementinthesystemoftaxcollection?
A) Constantine
B) Commodus
C) SeptimiusSeverus
D) Diocletian
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:220
Skill:Factual
155
32) UnderwhatemperordidChristianityreceiveofficialtolerationofthestate?
A) Constantine
B) Commodus
C) SeptimiusSeverus
D) Diocletian
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:220
Skill:Factual
33) WhenwasthelastRomanemperorinthewesternhalfoftheempiredeposed?
A) 180C.E.
B) 240C.E.
C) 384C.E.
D) 476C.E.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:220
Skill:Factual
34) WhichpeoplesestablishedkingdomsinmanypartsoftheRomanempireby425?
A) Huns
B) Slavs
C) Germans
D) Hans
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:220
Skill:Factual
156
35) WhatwastheprimaryresultofthefalloftheRomanempire?
A) DespitethecollapseofclassicalMediterraneancivilization,thebasicculturalunityofthe
regionwasretained.
B) ThecollapseoftheRomanempireledtoculturalregressionthroughouttheregionof
Mediterraneancivilization.
C) RomesfallsplittheunityoftheMediterraneanlandsthathadbeenwonthrough
HellenisticcultureandthentheRomanempire.
D) Romesfallwasdevastatinginitseasternhalf,butthecultureofthewesternregionswas
fundamentallyunaffected.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:220
Skill:Conceptual
36) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTasuccessorwithintheboundariesoftheformerRoman
empire?
A) Byzantineempire
B) Sassanidempire
C) SmallkingdomsinnorthernAfrica
D) GermanickingdomsinnorthwesternEurope
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:220-221
Skill:Factual
37) InwhatregionwasthecultureoftheRomanempiremostcontinuous?
A) Byzantineempire
B) Sassanidempire
C) SmallkingdomsofnorthernAfrica
D) GermanickingdomsofnorthernEurope
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:220
Skill:Conceptual
157
38) InwhatregionwasRomanculturemostseriouslyeroded?
A) Byzantineempire
B) Sassanidempire
C) SmallkingdomsofnorthernAfrica
D) WesternEurope
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:221
Skill:Conceptual
39) Whatwastheimpactofthedeclineofclassicalcivilizationsonthemajorreligions?
A) Themajorreligionsbecamemoreregionalizedinspecificcivilizations.
B) AsidefromtheemergenceofIslam,theothermajorreligionssuffereddecline.
C) Themajorworldreligionsactuallyspreadtonewareasinwhichbeliefsandcultural
allegiancestookonnewterritorialpatterns.
D) HinduismandDaoismsharedinthegeneraldeclineofanimistreligionsduringthefall
ofthemajorcivilizations.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:222
Topic:DevelopmentandSpreadofWorldReligions
Skill:Conceptual
40) WhichofthefollowingisNOTasimilaritybetweenChristianityandBuddhism?
A) Bothdevelopedanimportantmonasticmovement.
B) Bothstressedthepossibilityofanafterlife.
C) Bothacceptedtheexistenceofholymenwhobuiltupspiritualmeritsthatcouldbe
tappedbyotherbelievers.
D) Bothplacedgreatemphasisonchurchorganizationandstructure.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:222-223
Skill:Conceptual
158
41) WhichofthefollowingrepresentsasignificantdifferencebetweenBuddhismand
Christianity?
A) Existenceofholymen
B) Monasticism
C) Emphasisonpossessionofexclusivetruth
D) Emphasisonpossibilityofafterlife
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:222-223
Skill:Conceptual
42) ThewordforBuddhistholymenis
A) buddhas.
B) bodhisattvas.
C) mahayanas.
D) monks.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:223
Skill:Factual
43) TheleaderunderwhoseguidanceChristiansbegantoseethemselvesaspartofanewreligion
was
A) Christ.
B) Peter.
C) Augustine.
D) Paul.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:224
Skill:Factual
159
44) WhatpercentageoftheRomanpopulationhadconvertedtoChristianitybythetimeof
imperialacceptanceofthereligion?
A) Five
B) 10
C) 25
D) 40
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:224
Skill:Factual
45) WhywastheorganizationoftheChristianchurchstrongerinthewesternhalfoftheRoman
Empire?
A) ThereweremanymoreChristianstherethanintheeasternhalfoftheempire.
B) Christianitybeganandenjoyeditsinitialsuccessinthewesternhalfoftheempire.
C) ThewesternemperorsweremoreenthusiasticintheirsupportofearlyChristianity.
D) TheChurchwasmorecentralizedinthewest,eventuallyinthepersonofthepope.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:224
Skill:Conceptual
46) ThecomplexdoctrineoftheTrinitywasconsideredattheCouncilof
A) Constantinople.
B) Ephesus.
C) Nicaea.
D) Rome.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:224
Skill:Factual
160
47) WhowasresponsibleforthedevelopmentofChristianmonasticisminthewesternhalfofthe
Romanempire?
A) BenedictofNursia
B) St.Basil
C) MonomachusofSyria
D) Augustine
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:224
Skill:Factual
48) InwhatyearwasIslamfounded?
A) 476C.E.
B) 542C.E.
C) 610C.E.
D) 724C.E.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:225
Skill:Factual
49) Whichofthefollowingwasageneraltendencyduringthespreadoftheworldsgreatreligions
attheendoftheclassicalperiod?
A) Theadoptionofpantheonsofgods
B) Theabandonmentofformaltheology
C) Disbeliefintheexistenceofanafterlife
D) Concentrationofasingledivineforceasopposedtoahostofdivinespirits
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:225
Skill:Conceptual
161
EssayQuestions
1) What,accordingtotheauthors,definestheendofahistoricalperiodandthebeginningofa
newperiod?Howdoestheendoftheclassicalperiodfitthisdefinition?
Answer: Geographicalshiftsinpoliticalboundaries;newkindsofcontactsamongcivilization
areas;newparallelsinculturaldevelopment.Culturalandpoliticalboundariesended
inclassicalperiodwithHunnicinvasions,Germanicinvasions;outreachofworld
religionsacrosscivilizationboundariese.g.,theemergenceofBuddhisminChinese
culture;importantchangesinbeliefsystemscommontoallcivilizations.
Diff:2
PageRef:222
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) CompareandcontrastthefallofHanChinawiththatofGuptaIndia.
Answer: Chronologically,HanChinadeterioratedfirst(220C.E.);bothexperiencedforeign
invasionbynomadicpeoples;bothexperienceddisruptionofperiodofempire;both
experiencedintroductionofnewreligionsIslaminIndia,BuddhisminChina;
politicaldisruptionmuchmorelong-lastinginIndiathaninChina.
Diff:2
PageRef:214-218
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhatarethecausesofthedeclineandfalloftheRomanempire?
Answer: Endofexpansionreducedimportationofslavelaborandforcedreconstructionoflabor
policiesinbasicindustries;failuretoestablishaprincipleofsuccessiontotheofficeof
emperor;interventionofarmyinpoliticalmatters;plaguedecimatedpopulation
reducingtaxbaseandfurtheraffectinglaborsupply;upperclassesdevotedto
pleasure-seekingratherthanpoliticalservice.
Diff:2
PageRef:218-220
Skill:Conceptual
4) WhatwastheimpactofthefalloftheRomanempireontheintegrityofMediterranean
classicalcivilization?
Answer:
EndofculturalunityinMediterranean;divisionintothreeculturalareas:Byzantine
Empire,smallkingdomsofnorthernAfrica(eventuallyconqueredbyIslam),Germanic
kingdomsofnorthernEurope;greatestculturaldeclineinGermanickingdoms;greatest
retentionofMediterraneancultureinByzantineEmpire.
Diff:2
PageRef:220-221
Skill:Conceptual
162
5) CompareandcontrastBuddhismandChristianity.
Answer: Comparison:bothfeaturedemphasisonotherworldlinessincludingbeliefinafterlife;
bothstressedchiefreligiousfigureasgodorsaviorenablingprocessofsalvation;both
producedmonasticmovements;bothacceptedroleofholymenwhobuiltupsurplus
meritsavailabletootherbelievers.Contrast:Christianityplacedgreateremphasison
churchorganization,missionaryactivity,andpossessionofexclusivetruth.
Diff:2
PageRef:222-223
Skill:Conceptual
163
Chapter11 TheFirstGlobalCivilization:TheRiseand
SpreadofIslam
1) Islamoriginatedin
A) Egypt.
B) Turkey.
C) Arabia.
D) Iraq.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:239
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
2) WhichofthefollowingcontinentswasNOTaffectedbyIslaminthemillenniumafter600
C.E.?
A) Africa
B) Europe
C) Asia
D) SouthAmerica
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:236
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
3) TheArabiccamelnomadswerereferredtoas
A) Hashim.
B) bedouin.
C) mawali.
D) ayan.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:239
Topic:DesertandTown:TheArabianWorldandtheBirthofIslam
Skill:Factual
164
4) Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribestheextentofsedentary
agricultureintheArabianpeninsula?
A) TherewasnosedentaryagricultureintheArabianpeninsulabecauseoftheextreme
aridityoftheclimate.
B) InthefarnorthalongtheborderswiththePersianempiresedentaryagriculturewas
common.
C) OnlyinthecoastalregionsofthefarsouthoftheArabianpeninsuladidextensive
sedentaryagriculturedevelopinancienttimes.
D) Sedentaryagriculturewasdistributedthroughoutthepeninsulaastheresultofthe
constructionofextensiveirrigationsystems.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:239
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhichofthefollowingculturesfoundintheArabianpeninsulawasmostsignificantin
shapingthedevelopmentofIslam?
A) Bedouin
B) Urban
C) Sedentaryagriculturalvillages
D) Huntingandgathering
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:240
Skill:Conceptual
6) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningbedouinsocietyisNOTaccurate?
A) Bedouinherderslivedinkin-relatedclangroups.
B) Bedouinslivedinhighlymobiletentencampments.
C) Clanswerecommonlycongregatedtogetherinlargertribalgroupings.
D) Arabiansocietyfosteredstrongdependenceonloyaltyandcooperationwithkin.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:240
Skill:Conceptual
165
7) Leadersofbedouinclanswerecalled
A) shaykhs.
B) wazirs.
C) mawali.
D) dhows.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:241
Skill:Factual
8) WhatwasthemostimportantcityinnorthernArabia?
A) Medina
B) Kaba
C) Mecca
D) Jerusalem
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:241
Skill:Conceptual
9) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerninginter-clanrelationshipsinbedouinsocietyis
mostaccurate?
A) Clanswithinthesametribealmostneverengagedinwarfare,butviolencebetween
differenttribeswascommon.
B) Arabicsocietywastoomobiletoresultinmanycontactsbetweenclans,therefore
violencewasminimal.
C) Inter-clanviolenceovercontrolofwaterandpasturagewascommon.
D) Inter-clanviolencewasregulatedbyauniversallyrecognizedcodeoflawimposedby
theQurayshinMecca.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:241
Skill:Conceptual
166
10) Whatwastheresultofinter-clanrivalries?
A) Itkeptpopulationdowninaregionthatcouldsupportfewpeople.
B) Itweakenedthebedouinincomparisontoneighboringpeoplesandempires.
C) Itallowedforintermarriagebetweenclangroups,thuspreventingsocialisolation.
D) Itpreventedmobilityandmigrationthatwouldhavedebilitatedeffortsatmorecomplex
socialorganization.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:241
Skill:Conceptual
11) WhatclanwasresponsibleforthefoundationofMecca?
A) Umayyad
B) Abbasid
C) Aghlabid
D) Almoravid
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:241
Skill:Factual
12) WhatwastheKaba?
A) ThetribethatdominatedMecca
B) ThenamegiventoMuhammadsflightfromMecca
C) TheportofMecca
D) Thereligiousshrinethatwasthefocusofanannualtruce
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:241
Skill:Factual
167
13) WhatwasthemajordifferencebetweenMedinaandMecca?
A) PoliticaldominanceinMedinawascontestedbetweenanumberofJewishandbedouin
tribes.
B) Meccawasestablishedinanoasis,andMedinawasinamountainousregion.
C) Medinawasengagedinlong-distancecaravantrade,whileMeccawasnot.
D) MedinawaslocatedonthewesternsideoftheArabianpeninsula,whileMeccawas
locatedonthePersianGulf.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:241
Skill:Conceptual
14) Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribesthestatusofwomeninbedouin
societypriortoIslam?
A) Womenwereregardedaslittlemorethanpropertywithneitherrightsnorstatus.
B) Descentinbedouintribeswasstrictlypatrilineal.
C) Womenweretheequalofmalesintheruggedsocietyofthedesertbedouin.
D) Womeninpre-Islamicbedouincultureenjoyedgreaterfreedomandhigherstatusthan
thoseoftheByzantineandPersianempires.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:241
Skill:Conceptual
15) Whatwasthenatureofthematerialcultureofbedouinsociety?
A) Thebedouinsconstructednumeroustemplecomplexesfeaturingmonumental
architectureintheformofpyramids.
B) Althoughtheirnomadiclifestyledidnotpermitthedevelopmentofmonumental
architecturalforms,thebedouinswereskilledpaintersandsculptors.
C) Meccawasamajorcenterforthedevelopmentofartandarchitecture,butthedesert
bedouinproducedlittleofculturalvalue.
D) Exceptinthesedentaryagriculturalcommunitiesofthesouth,therewaslittleartor
architecture;andthechieffocusofculturalcreativitywasoralpoetry.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:242
Skill:Conceptual
168
16) Whatwasthenatureofpre-Islamicbedouinreligion?
A) MostofthebedouinwereChristians.
B) MostofthebedouinwereJews.
C) Bedouinreligionformostclanswasablendofanimismandpolytheismfocusingonthe
worshipofnaturespirits.
D) ThebedouinwerestrictlymonotheistswhoworshippedAllah.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:242
Skill:Conceptual
17) Whichofthefollowingrepresentsamountingpressureforchangeinpre -Islamicsociety?

A) Invasionfromsub-SaharanAfrica
B) GreaterByzantineandSassaniancontroloverArabictribesofthepeninsulaandArabic
migrationtoMesopotamia
C) InfluenceofHinduanimism
D) Increasinginfluenceofpolytheism
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:242
Topic:TheLifeofMuhammadandtheGenesisofIslam
Skill:Conceptual
18) WhatwastheclanintowhichMuhammadwasborn?
A) Umayyad
B) Abbasid
C) Almoravid
D) BanuHashim
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:242
Skill:Factual
169
19) WhendidMuhammadreceivethefirstrevelationsthatwereeventuallywrittendowninthe
Quran?
A) 550C.E.
B) 610C.E.
C) 622C.E.
D) 632C.E.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:243
Skill:Factual
20) WhatwastheinitialresponseoftheUmayyadstoMuhammadsnewfaith?
A) Theyregardedhimasathreattotheirwealthandpowerashequestionedthetraditional
godsoftheKaba.
B) TheysoughttoprotecthimfromaplotonhislifebytheBanuHashim.
C) TheUmayyadsimmediatelyacceptedMuhammadastheirreligiousandpoliticalleader
andthechiefpowerinMecca.
D) TheUmayyadssimplyignoredMuhammadasaninsignificantmemberofapowerless
clan.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:243
Skill:Conceptual
21) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningMuhammadsflighttoMedinaisNOTcorrect?
A) HefledbecauseofthethreatofassassinationinMecca
B) HefledbecausehewasinvitedtomediateadisputebetweenthetribesofMedina
C) MuhammadfledfromMeccawithnearlyonequarterofthecityspopulation
D) OnceinMedinaheattractednewfollowerstohisfaith
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:243
Skill:Conceptual
170
22) TheUmayyadswerethreatenedbyallofthefollowingdevelopmentsEXCEPT
A) MuhammadsdeclaredaimtodestroyMedina.
B) thedevelopmentofanewreligionunderMuhammadsdirection.
C) thegrowingpowerofMedina.
D) thenewfaiththreatenedtosupplantthegodsoftheKaba.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:243
Skill:Factual
23) WhatwasthedateofMuhammadsflighttoMedinafromMecca?
A) 570C.E.
B) 610C.E.
C) 622C.E.
D) 635C.E.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:243
Skill:Factual
24) WhatwastheUmayyadresponsetoMuhammadsmigrationtoMedinaandsubsequent
successthere?
A) TheUmayyadrulersofMeccaignoredMuhammadaslongashewascontenttoremain
inMedina.
B) WarbrokeoutbetweenMeccaandMedinaresultingintheeventualvictoryof
MuhammadandtheMedinaclans.
C) WarbrokeoutbetweenMeccaandMedinaresultingintheeventualvictoryofthe
Umayyads.
D) Reluctantlybutpeacefully,theUmayyadswereconvertedtoIslam.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:243
Skill:Conceptual
171
25) WhatisthenameofthebookthatcontainsMuhammadsrevelations?
A) Bible
B) ArabianNights
C) Umma
D) Quran
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:243
Skill:Conceptual
26) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheethicalsystemofearlyIslamisNOTcorrect?
A) IslamstressedthedignityofallbelieversandtheirequalityintheeyesofAllah.
B) Islamstressedtheresponsibilityofthewealthyandstrongtocareforthepoorandweak.
C) Ataxforcharitywasobligatoryinthenewfaith.
D) TheteachingsoftheProphetandtheQuranwerenotformallyincorporatedintoabody
oflaw.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:244
Skill:Conceptual
27) WhatwasMuhammadsteachingwithrespecttotherevelationsofothermonotheistic
religions?
A) MuhammadacceptedtheearlierChristianrevelations,butrejectedcompletelyany
influencefromJudaism.
B) MuhammadacceptedtheearlierJudaicrevelations,butrejectedcompletelyany
influencefromChristianity.
C) MuhammadacceptedthevalidityofearlierChristianandJudaicrevelationsandtaught
thathisownrevelationswereafinalrefinementandreformulationofearlierones.
D) Muhammadstressedthatonlyhisownrevelationshadmeritandthatotherswereworks
ofthedevil.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:245
Skill:Conceptual
172
28) WhichofthefollowingisNOTamongthefivepillarsofIslam?
A) Aconfessionoffaith
B) Hajj
C) Zakat
D) PilgrimagetoMedina
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:245
Skill:Conceptual
29) WhathappenedafterMuhammadsdeathin632?
A) ManyofthebedouintribesrenouncedIslam.
B) IslamceasedtoexistuntilitwasreestablishedundertheUmayyaddynastyatDamascus.
C) Afteralengthyperiodofgrief,thetribesselectedanewleaderbasedontheestablished
principleofsuccessionintheQuran.
D) Amilitarycommander,Khalidibnal-Walid,waschosenasleaderofIslam.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:246
Topic:TheArabEmpireoftheUmayyads
Skill:Conceptual
30) ThewarstodefeatrivalprophetsandrestoretheunityofIslamwerecalled
A) Ridda.
B) dhow.
C) Karbala.
D) thefirstfitnah.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:246
Skill:Factual
31) TheofficeofthepoliticalandreligioussuccessorofMuhammadwascalled
A) wazir.
B) dhow.
C) Karbala.
D) Caliph.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:246
Skill:Factual
173
32) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTareasonfortheearlyexpansionofIslambeyondArabia?
A) Thedesireforbooty
B) Thesenseofcommoncauseandunitedstrength
C) ThedesiretoconvertnewpopulationstoIslam
D) Ameanstoreleasetheenergiesofthebedouintribesagainstothersthanthemselves
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:246-247
Skill:Conceptual
33) WhydidtheArabwarriorsnotwanttoconvertlargenumbersofpeopletoIslam?
A) MuhammadspecificallystatedthatIslamcouldonlybespreadamongtheArabs.
B) Theywouldhavehadtosharetheirbootyandwouldhavelosttaxrevenues.
C) Theylackedthepoliticalorganizationtogovernthemandfearedinsurrectionby
non-Arabs.
D) Conversionwouldhavesloweddowntheprocessofconquest.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:247
Skill:Conceptual
34) WhichofthefollowingareasoftheByzantineempirewasNOTconqueredbytheMuslimsby
650C.E.?
A) Palestine
B) Egypt
C) Syria
D) AsiaMinor
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:247
Skill:Factual
174
35) WhywastheCaliphUthmandislikedbysomanyArabs?
A) Hehadhaltedtheprocessofexpansionandthusstoppedtheflowofbootytothe
tribesmen.
B) HewasthefirstCaliphtobechosenfromMuhammadsearlyenemies,theUmayyads.
C) HewasnotanArab.
D) HewasafirmsupporterofMuhammadsson-in-lawandnephew,Ali.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:248
Skill:Conceptual
36) WhatwastheresultofthefirstcivilwarbetweenAliandtheUmayyads?
A) AliwasabletodefeattheUmayyadclanandreducethemtopoliticalinsignificance.
B) Aliwaskilledintheconflict,buthissonHasanwasnamedCaliphandwonagreat
victoryovertheAbbasids.
C) Despiteearlysuccesses,AlisfactiondisintegratedleadingtoanUmayyadvictoryand
Alisassassination.
D) AlisufferedadisastrousmilitarydefeatattheBattleofSiffin,andtheUmayyads
emergedvictorious.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:248
Skill:Conceptual
37) ThepoliticalandtheologicalfactionwithinIslamthatrecognizedonlyAliandthedescendants
ofthefamilyofMuhammadasrightfulrulerswascalled
A) Shias.
B) Sunnis.
C) Kharij.
D) Fiqhs.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:248
Skill:Conceptual
175
38) UndertheUmayyads,thepoliticalcenterofIslamshiftedto
A) Baghdad.
B) Merv.
C) Constantinople.
D) Damascus.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:248
Skill:Factual
39) WhatwasthenatureofcitizenshipwithintheUmayyadempire?
A) AllconvertstoIslam,regardlessoftheirethnicorigins,werefullcitizensandmembersof
theelite.
B) OnlyMuslimArabswerefirst-classcitizens.
C) TheUmayyadsrecognizedallresidentsoftheirempire,whetherMuslimsorpeoplesof
thebookasfullcitizens.
D) ArabsrapidlylosttheirdominanceintheUmayyadempiretothenativeresidentsof
Persia.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:248
Skill:Conceptual
40) Thetermfornon-ArabMuslimconvertsis
A) jizya.
B) dhow.
C) mawali.
D) dhimmis.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:249
Skill:Factual
176
41) WhatwastheUmayyadattitudetootherreligions?
A) TheUmayyadssuppressedallreligionswithintheirterritoriesotherthanIslam.
B) TheUmayyadsconvertedtoChristianity,butcontinuedtopermittheopenworshipof
Islam.
C) TheUmayyadsdisplayedtolerancetowardsthereligionsofdhimmipeoples.
D) ChristianityandJudaismweresuppressedasheresies,butothercommunitieswere
permittedtoretaintheirreligions.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:249
Skill:Conceptual
42) WhatwasthemostsignificantofthetransformationsbroughtaboutbytheAbbasidsriseto
power?
A) ThefinaldefeatoftheByzantineempire
B) TheadmissionofthemawaliasfullmembersoftheIslamiccommunity
C) ThedestructionofabsolutismwithinIslamicgovernment
D) ThedestructionofSunniinfluenceswithinIslam
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:253
Topic:FromArabtoIslamicEmpire
Skill:Conceptual
43) TheAbbasidsmovedthepoliticalcenteroftheirempireto
A) Baghdad.
B) Constantinople.
C) Merv.
D) Damascus.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:253
Skill:Factual
177
44) WhatwasthenatureoftheAbbasidgovernment?
A) TheAbbasidsabandonedtheformalityandabsolutismoftheUmayyadsandestablished
anopenandrepresentativegovernment.
B) TheAbbasidsoutdidtheUmayyadsinestablishinganabsolutistgovernment
symbolizedbythegrowingpowersofthewazirsandthesinisterpresenceofthe
executioner.
C) TheAbbasidgovernmentrepresentedareturntotheprinciplesofgovernmentinthefirst
daysoftheOrthodoxCaliphate.
D) TheAbbasidscontinuedthepoliciesoftheUmayyadsvirtuallywithoutchange,
includingthemaintenanceofanexclusivelyArabicelite.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:253
Skill:Conceptual
45) WhatwasthenatureoftheeconomyoftheAbbasidperiod?
A) Itwasaperiodofgeneralprosperitytypifiedbyurbangrowthandtherestorationofthe
Afro-Eurasiantradeaxis.
B) Therewasageneralcrisisintheagriculturaleconomyresultingfromtheconstant
warfareoftheperiod.
C) Theeconomicdownturnoftheerawastypifiedbythebreakdowninthetradebetween
theMiddleEastandChina.
D) AlthoughcommercewasgenerallyresuscitatedduringtheAbbasidperiod,artisan
productiondroppedoffsignificantly.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:254
Skill:Conceptual
46) Whoweretheayan?
A) Abbasidbureaucrats
B) Africanslaves
C) Freeartisans
D) Arurallandholdingelite
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:255
Skill:Conceptual
178
47) WhatwasthestatusofartisansinAbbasidcities?
A) Handicraftindustrieswerestaffedbyslavelaborexclusively.
B) ThenumberofartisansdecreasedalongwiththeeconomiccrisisoftheAbbasidperiod.
C) Artisanswerefreemenwhoownedtheirowntoolsandwhoformedguildlike
organizationstonegotiatewages.
D) Artisanswereabletoutilizetheirguildlikeorganizationstoseizepoliticalcontrolofmost
Abbasidtowns.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:254
Skill:Conceptual
48) WhatwasthenatureofslaverywithintheAbbasidsocialsystem?
A) AccordingtotheQuran,slaverycouldnotexistinIslam,andtheAbbasidfreedall
formerslaves.
B) Slaverywaslimitedtothenon-ArabconvertstoIslam,anddiedoutduringtheperiodof
theAbbasidempire.
C) Becausemostunskilledlaborwaslefttotheunfree,slavescouldbefoundinboththe
townsandcountrysideoftheAbbasidempire.
D) SlaverywasknowninAbbasidcities,butwasvirtuallyunknowninthecountryside
wheremostlaborwasperformedbyafreepeasantry.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:254
Skill:Conceptual
49) WhatwastheprimaryculturalcontributionoftheMuslimsduringtheAbbasidperiod?
A) TheMuslimswereabletorecoverandpreservetheworksoftheancientphilosophersas
wellastransmitfromonecivilizationtoanother.
B) TheMuslimsbecameextraordinarilyadeptatportraiture,focusingondepictionsof
MuhammadandtheearlyCaliphs.
C) AlthoughthematerialcultureoftheAbbasidperiodremainedpoor,Muslimswereable
tomakesomeadvancesinmusic.
D) Islamiclearningwasnecessarilyunique,astheyhadnoaccesstotheancienttraditionsof
philosophyandscience.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:258
Skill:Conceptual
179
50) Bytheninthcentury,whathappenedtotheAbbasidcontroloftheempire?
A) TheAbbasidscontinuedtodevelopabsolutisminsuchafashionthattheycontrolleda
largeportionofEurasia.
B) Non-Arabpeoples,particularlytheTurkswhohadconvertedtoIslam,increasingly
dominatedpoliticallife.
C) SuccessivedefeatsoftheAbbasidsbytheByzantineempireledtothecollapseofthe
dynastyandtheemergenceofaGreekhegemony.
D) EventuallythePersianinfluenceintheAbbasidempireresultedintheremovalofthe
capitaltoMervandtheriseofapurelyPersiandynasty.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:258
Topic:Conclusion
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) DescribethesocialorganizationoftheArabspriortotheintroductionofIslam.
Answer: Basedonkin-relatedclangroupstypicalofnomadicpastoralists;groupedintolarger
tribalunits,butseldomlivedtogether;wealthandstatusbasedonpossessionof
animals,pasturageandwaterrights;slaveryutilized;commonincidenceoffeuds.
Diff:2
PageRef:239-242
Skill:Conceptual
2) CompareandcontrastthestatusofwomeninIslamduringthepre -Islamicperiodandthe
Umayyadempire.
Answer: Womeninpre-IslamiccultureenjoyedgreaterlibertythanthoseofByzantiumor
Persia;playedimportanteconomicroles;insomeclansdescentwasmatrilineal;not
secluded;insomeclansbothmalesandfemalesallowedmultiplemarriages.Umayyad
empire:strengthenednuclearfamilyandlegalrightsofwomen;womenweremore
independentandplayedaprominentroleinIslamandinprofessions.
Diff:2
PageRef:241-242,249-251
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhywasIslamabletoappealtopeopleofsomanydifferentcultures?
Answer: UniversalelementsinIslam:uniqueformofmonotheismappealedtoother
monotheistictraditions;egalitarianism;legalcodes;strongsenseofcommunityinthe
ummah;MuhammadswillingnesstoacceptvalidityofearlierJudaicandChristian
revelations;appealoffivepillarsoffaith.
Diff:2
PageRef:244-246
Skill:Conceptual
180
4) WhatwastheessentialdisputewithinIslamoverthesuccessionoftheProphet?
Answer: Muhammadneverspecifiedaprincipleofsuccession;immediatesuccessorselected
fromamongfirstconvertstoIslam;debatefollowingmurderofUthmanandselection
ofAli;ShiassupportedonlyfamilialdescendantsoftheProphetasrightfulrulers;
UmayyadsestablishedhereditarydynastyafterdefeatanddeathofAli;Sunnis
supportedconceptofdynasticsuccession.
Diff:2
PageRef:247-248
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhatwasthedifferencebetweentheAbbasidempireandtheUmayyadempire?
Answer: Bothwereessentiallyabsolutistinstructure,buttheAbbasidsintroducedgreater
formalismandamorerigorousbureaucraticstructurefeaturingthewazirs;Abbasid
dynastyoriginallybasedonclaimsofdescentfromfamilyoftheProphet(Shia),but
eventuallymovedtosuppressShiamovements;Abbasidsincorporatedmawalior
non-Arabconvertsintofullcitizenshipandparticipation;shiftofcenterofempireto
capitalatBaghdadinPersia.
Diff:2
PageRef:248-258
Skill:Conceptual
181
Chapter12 AbbasidDeclineandtheSpreadofIslamic
CivilizationtoSouthandSoutheastAsia
1) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTareasonforthedeclineoftheAbbasiddynastybythe9th
centuryC.E.?
A) Thecollapseofthecities
B) Constantcivilviolencetrainedthetreasury
C) Newconstructiontrainedthetreasury
D) Peasantrisings
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:263-264
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) WhichofthefollowinggroupsdidNOTrevoltagainstAbbasidrule?
A) Slaves
B) Peasants
C) Sunnis
D) Shias
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:264
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) HowdidtheCaliphal-MahdiresolvetheproblemofsuccessionintheAbbasiddynasty?
A) Hespecifiedtheruleofprimogeniture, thesuccessionoftheoldestson.
B) HeacceptedtheShiadoctrinethatonlythepersonwiththemostdirectrelationshipto
Muhammadshouldsucceed.
C) HeacceptedtheradicalpropositionthatonlyamanofdemonstrableIslamicpurity
shouldsucceed.
D) Hefailedtoresolvetheproblemofdynasticsuccessionwithdisastrousresults.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:262
Topic:TheIslamicHeartlandsintheMiddleandLateAbbasidEra
Skill:Conceptual
182
4) Whatwasal-MahdisattitudetowardtheShias?
A) Heviewedthemasopponentsofhisdynastyandattemptedtoeliminatethem.
B) HeappealedtothemoderatefactionsoftheShiastosupporttheAbbasiddynasty.
C) HeacceptedthefundamentaldoctrinesoftheShiasandabdicated.
D) InordertoplacatetheShias,al-Mahdilivedapiouslifeofpovertyandsimplicity.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:262
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhatwasthefictionalaccountoflifeatthecourtoftheCaliphal-Rashid?
A) Shah-nama
B) TheTreasureofAliBaba
C) Analects
D) TheThousandandOneNights
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:263
Skill:Factual
6) Howdidtheadministrationofal-RashidsetatrendforsubsequentAbbasidrulers?
A) HewasattheoutsetofhisreignheavilydependentonPersianadvisors,apracticethat
becamecommonplacethereafter.
B) Hedividedtheempireintoaseriesofstateseachofwhichelectedrepresentativestoa
CaliphalparliamentatBaghdad.
C) Heremovedallregionalgovernorsandestablishedstrictabsolutismfromthecourtat
Baghdad.
D) Hestressedtheimportanceofpietyandsimplicity,apositionsubsequentlyadoptedby
hissuccessors.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:263
Skill:Conceptual
183
7) Whatwastheresultofthecivilwarsfollowingthedeathofal -Rashid?
A) TheAbbasiddynastycametoanend.
B) Candidatesforthethronerecognizedtheneedtobuilduppersonalarmies,oftenofslave
soldiers.
C) Privatearmieswereabolishedinanattempttocurtailfutureviolenceoverthe
succession.
D) ThepracticeofelectingCaliphsinMeccawasonceagaininstituted.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:263
Skill:Conceptual
8) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthemercenaryarmiesofthelaterAbbasiderais
NOTaccurate?
A) MercenarytroopsbecameadisruptiveforceinthelifeofBaghdadandothercities.
B) Theywereconsistentlyamajorplayerinthefactionalcontestsforcontrolofthecapital
andtheempire.
C) Theyoftenconsistedlargelyofslavetroops.
D) Despitetheirtendencytowardrandomviolence,theyloyallydefendedtheAbbasid
Caliphs.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:264
Skill:Conceptual
9) WhataccountsforthedisruptionoftheagriculturaleconomyoftheAbbasidempire?
A) Thedeclineofthecitiesledtoafallinthedemandforfoodsuppliesandconsequent
dropsinagriculturalprices.
B) Progressivedesiccationoftheregionledtoadiminutionofthelandavailablefor
agriculture.
C) Spirallingtaxation,thedestructionoftheirrigationworks,andpillagingbymercenary
armiesledtodestructionandabandonmentofmanyvillages.
D) ThegovernmentorderedregionsoftheempirepopulatedbyShiasabandoned.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:264
Skill:Conceptual
184
10) WhatwastheinnovationoftheAbbasidcourtwithrespecttowomen?
A) Theestablishmentoftheharem
B) Thelegislationofmultiplemarriagesforwomen
C) ThecreationofIslamicnunneries
D) Legislationagainstconcubinageandprostitution
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:264
Skill:Conceptual
11) WhatwastheattitudeoftheAbbasidstowardstheinstitutionofslavery?
A) TheAbbasiddynastyforbadeslaveryingeneral.
B) ThedynastypermittedslaveryofMuslims,butforbadetheenslavementofmembersof
otherreligions.
C) TheAbbasidelitedemandedgrowingnumbersofbothmaleandfemaleslavesfor
concubinesanddomesticservice.
D) ThedynastyforbadeallslaveryexceptforthemercenaryarmiesloyaltotheAbbasids.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:264
Skill:Conceptual
12) WhywerethepracticesofseclusionandveilingseenasessentialinIslamicsociety?
A) Womenwerebelievedtobepossessedofinsatiablelustfromwhichmenhadtobe
protected.
B) Veilingallowedwomentohidetheiridentitiesandtoavoidtherashofdynasticstrife.
C) Womenwereonlypermittedtoengageinbusinessiftheiridentitieswerehidden.
D) Veilingwasseenasameansofhaltingthepracticeofconcubinage.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:264
Skill:Conceptual
185
13) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningwomenduringtheAbbasideraismost
accurate?
A) NoIslamicwomenengagedinlabor.
B) Womenoftenmarriedatpuberty,setatagenine.
C) RichwomenhadmanycareeroutletsinIslamiccities.
D) Abbasidwomenhadvastlygreaterfreedomthandidwomeninthefirstcenturyof
Islam.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:265
Skill:Conceptual
14) WhatwastheregionalsplinterdynastythatcapturedBaghdadin945?
A) Mongols
B) Buyids
C) SeljukTurks
D) Ghazni
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:265
Skill:Factual
15) WhatgroupsuccessfullycapturedBaghdadin1055?
A) Mongols
B) Buyids
C) SeljukTurks
D) Ghazni
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:265
Skill:Factual
16) WhatwasthereligiousaffiliationoftheSeljukTurks?
A) Christian
B) Shia
C) Sufi
D) Sunni
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:265
Skill:Factual
186
17) InwhatyearwasJerusalemcapturedbyChristiancrusaders?
A) 985
B) 1099
C) 1142
D) 1245
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:265
Skill:Factual
18) WhatwastheimpactoftheSeljukconquestofBaghdadontheAbbasidempire?
A) TheempirecontinuedtocrumbleasaresultofthemilitarysuccessesofFatimidEgypt
andtheByzantineempire.
B) TheimpositionofaChristiangovernmentinthenameoftheAbbasidCaliphs
temporarilyrestoredorder.
C) TheSeljuksabandonedtheMiddleEastforfurtherconquestsintheIndiansubcontinent.
D) ItactuallyrestoredtheabilityoftheempiretomeetthechallengesofEgyptandthe
Byzantineempire.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:265
Skill:Conceptual
19) WhowastheMuslimleaderresponsibleforthereconquestofmostoftheterritoriesbelonging
totheChristiancrusaders?
A) Firdawsi
B) MuhammadibnQasim
C) al-Ghazali
D) Saladin
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:265
Skill:Factual
187
20) WhataccountsforthesuccessoftheFirstCrusade?
A) TheoverwhelmingmilitarysuperiorityofWesternmilitarytechnology
B) ThecontemporaryemergenceoftheChristianSeljukTurksinBaghdad
C) Muslimpoliticalfragmentationandtheelementofsurprise
D) ThesupportandcooperationoftheJewishcommunityoftheHolyLand
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:265
Skill:Conceptual
21) ThefallofAcre,thelastcrusaderstronghold,occurredinwhatyear?
A) 1099
B) 1135
C) 1193
D) 1291
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:265
Skill:Factual
22) WhatwastheimpactoftheCrusadesontheChristianWest?
A) Christiansadoptedmilitarytechniques,words,scientificlearning,andArabicnumerals
amongotherthings.
B) ChristiansrejectedmostMusliminfluence,althoughtheydidgainatasteforMuslim
winesandliquors.
C) TherewasnoMusliminfluenceontheChristianWest.
D) TheCrusadesinterruptedthetradeoftheMediterraneanandcutofftheWestfromIslam
until1293.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:265-266
Skill:Conceptual
188
23) WhatwastheimpactoftheCrusadesonIslam?
A) TheMuslimsadoptedmilitarytechnology,words,andscientificknowledge,among
otherthingsfromtheWest.
B) Althoughtheyresistedmostinfluence,theMuslimsdidacquireatasteforWestern
cuisine.
C) TherewasminimalWesternimpactonIslam.
D) TheCrusadestemporarilycutoffallexchangebetweentheWestandIslam.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:267
Skill:Conceptual
24) WhatwasthetrendofurbanizationduringmuchoftheAbbasidempire?
A) BecausetheAbbasidsabandonedBaghdadforothercapitals,citieswithintheempire
tendedtowitheranddie.
B) Successiveinvasionsledtoadeclineinurbanization.
C) Despitepoliticaldisintegrationandadeclineintheagriculturaleconomy,towns
continuedtogrowrapidly.
D) Townsestablishedintheearlyyearsofthedynastywereabletoholdtheirown,but
therewaslittlegrowth.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:267
Topic:AnAgeofLearningandArtisticAchievement
Skill:Conceptual
25) WhatwastheleveloftradeintheAbbasidempire?
A) Long-distancetradewithAfrica,theMediterranean,India,andChinacontinuedto
flourishdespiteperiodicinterruption.
B) TradewiththeEastgrew,buttheCrusadeseliminatedthewesterntraderoutes.
C) TradewithAfricaandtheMediterraneancontinuedtoexpand,butthewarsinIndia
disruptedtheeasterntraderoutes.
D) Asawhole,long-distancetradealongthetraditionalcaravanroutesvirtuallyceased
duringtheAbbasidempire.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:267
Skill:Conceptual
189
26) WhatwastheprimarywrittenlanguageofthelaterAbbasidcourt?
A) Arabic
B) Persian
C) Latin
D) Greek
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:268
Skill:Factual
27) WhatwastheShah-Nama?
A) ThenamegiventothefirstwifeoftheCaliph
B) Thetitleofthecommanderoftheslavemercenaries
C) ThetitlegiventotheoldestsonoftheCaliph
D) ThehistoryofPersiafromcreationtotheIslamicconquests
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:268
Skill:Factual
28) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaliteraryfigureduringtheAbbasidEmpire?
A) Firdawsi
B) Sadi
C) MuhammadibnQasim
D) OmarKhayyam
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:268
Skill:Factual
29) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheSufimovementwithinIslamismost
accurate?
A) TheSufimovementstressedanincreasinglyrestrictiveconservatismwithinIslam.
B) TheSufimovementstressedwithdrawalfromotherbelieversandisolationintomonastic
communities.
C) TheSufimovementincorporatedmysticismwithatrendtowardevangelism.
D) TheSufiquestionedtheIslamicinterestintheGreektraditionsinscience.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:270
Skill:Conceptual
190
30) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheulama ismostaccurate?

A) ItstressedanincreasinglyrestrictiveconservatismwithinIslam,particularlywithrespect
toscientificinquiry.
B) Itstressedwithdrawalfromtherestofthecommunityofbelieversandthecreationof
Islamicmonasteries.
C) ItbroughtmysticismintoIslamandemphasisonevangelism.
D) ItembracedthefullconsequencesoffusingGreekandQuranictraditionswillingly.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:269-270
Skill:Conceptual
31) WhatgroupcapturedBaghdadin1258?
A) Buyids
B) SeljukTurks
C) Crusaders
D) Mongols
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:270
Skill:Factual
32) HowdidthepoliticalcenterofIslamchangeaftertheMongolinvasions?
A) BaghdadremainedthecapitalofIslam,butunderthecontrolofsuccessiveMongol
dynasties.
B) ThecenterofIslampassedwiththewithdrawaloftheinvadersintothesteppesof
centralAsia.
C) Baghdadbecameaprovincialbackwater,supplantedbyCairototheeastandsoon
thereafterIstanbultothenorth.
D) ThepoliticalcenterofIslamwasremovedtosub-SaharanAfrica.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:270
Skill:Conceptual
191
33) WhatwasthedifferencebetweentheIslamicinvasionsofIndiaandpreviousincursionsofthe
subcontinent?
A) WiththeMuslims,thepeoplesofIndiaencounteredforthefirsttimealarge-scaleinflux
ofinvaderswithacivilizationassophisticatedastheirown.
B) WiththeMuslims,thepeoplesofIndiaencounteredforthefirsttimeaninvasionfrom
thewestratherthantheeast.
C) TheMuslimswererapidlyabletounifyallofIndiaintoasingleempire.
D) TheMuslims,unlikepreviousinvaders,bypassedtheGangeticplaininpreferencefor
southernIndia.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:270-271
Topic:TheComingofIslamtoSouthAsia
Skill:Conceptual
34) HowdidIslamandHinduismdiffer?
A) Hinduismstressedtheegalitarianismofallbelievers,whileIslamwasmorerigidin
termsoforthodoxbelief.
B) Islamstressedtheegalitarianismofallbelievers,whileHinduismwasmorerigidin
termsoforthodoxbelief.
C) Islamstressedtheegalitarianismofallbelievers,whileHinduismembraceda
caste-basedsocialsystem.
D) Hinduismstressedtheegalitarianismofallbelievers,whileIslamembraceda
caste-basedsocialsystem.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:271-272
Skill:Conceptual
35) WhatwasthedateofthefirstMuslimraidsintoIndia?
A) 650
B) 711
C) 750
D) 1243
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:272
Skill:Factual
192
36) HowdidtheMuslimconquerorsofSindtreattheHinduandBuddhistresidentsoftheregion?
A) Allnon-Muslimswereputtodeath
B) HindusandBuddhistsweretreatedasdhimmisorpeoplesofthebook
C) MostoftheMuslimsconvertedtoHinduism
D) ForcedconversionsofthenativepopulationfollowedtheMuslimmilitarysuccesses
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:273
Skill:Conceptual
37) Whatwasthemostcriticalculturaladvanceasaresultoftheincreasedcontactbetween
MuslimsandIndiancivilization?
A) MuslimsadoptedtheHindupantheonofgods.
B) MuslimcommercewasincreasinglydominatedbythemerchantcasteofIndia.
C) MuslimsadoptedthesystemofmathematicalnotationlaterreferredtoasArabic
numerals.
D) MuslimsadoptedthehighlystratifiedsocialsystemcommoninIndiancivilization.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:273
Skill:Conceptual
38) ThecommanderofthefirstIslamicincursionintotheSindin711was
A) MuhammadibnQasim.
B) IbnBatuta.
C) al-Ghazali.
D) MahmudofGhazni.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:273
Skill:Factual
193
39) WhatdescendantofaTurkishslavedynastyinAfghanistanledaseriesofexpeditionsinto
Indiatoseizebootyinthe11thcentury?
A) MahmudofGhazni
B) MuhammadibnQasim
C) Hajjaj
D) MuhammadofGhur
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:273
Skill:Factual
40) WhatrulerwasassociatedwiththetransitionfromraidingtotheestablishmentofanIslamic
empireintheIndiansubcontinent?
A) MahmudofGhazni
B) MuhammadibnQasim
C) Hajjaj
D) MuhammadofGhur
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:274
Skill:Factual
41) WherewasthecapitaloftheIslamickingdomestablishedafter1206ontheGangeticplain?
A) Bombay
B) Kanauj
C) Isoleta
D) Delhi
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:274
Skill:Factual
42) WhatgroupswereresponsiblefortheconversionofIndianstoIslam?
A) TradersandSufimystics
B) UlamaandSunnievangelists
C) SoldiersandShiaexiles
D) TheMongolsandSeljukTurks
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:274
Skill:Factual
194
43) WhyweretheSufiseffectivemissionarieswithintheIndiansubcontinent?
A) TheyenjoyedthesupportoftheHinduprincesbecauseoftheirsupportforbrahmin
ritual
B) InbothstyleandmessagetheysharedmuchwithIndianmysticsandwanderingascetics
C) TheyweresupportedbyhugearmiesofArabswhomigratedtoIndiainsearchofland
D) TheyrejectedlowcasteHindusinpreferenceforconvertsamongthebrahminelite
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:274-275
Skill:Conceptual
44) WhatgroupsinIndiaweremostlikelytoconverttoIslam?
A) Brahminsandmerchants
B) Rajaandwarriors
C) MembersoftheadministrativemachineryoftheIslamickingdoms
D) Buddhistsandlow-casteHindus
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:275
Skill:Factual
45) HowdidHinduismrespondtothechallengeofIslam?
A) Hindusabandonedtheiremphasisonmanydeitiesinfavorofmonotheismintheperson
ofShiva.
B) Hindusplacedgreateremphasisonthedevotionalorbhakticcultsofgodsand
goddessessuchasShivaandVishnu.
C) HindusconvertedtoIslaminincreasingnumbers,untilMuslimsoutnumberedHindus
inthesubcontinent.
D) ThebrahminsacceptedIslamasavarietyoforthodoxHindubelief,whileanticipating
theincorporationoftheMuslimimmigrantsintotheIndiancastesystem.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:275
Skill:Conceptual
195
46) ThespreadofIslamtosoutheastAsiawasdelayeduntilthefalloftheBuddhisttradeempire
of
A) Borneo.
B) Sumatra.
C) theCelebesIslands.
D) Shrivijaya.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:277
Topic:TheSpreadofIslamtoSoutheastAsia
Skill:Factual
47) Ingeneral,howdidIslamspreadinsoutheastAsia?
A) Portcitieswerepointsofdisseminationtootherlinksintradingnetworks.
B) MostofsoutheastAsiawasconvertedtoIslamafterthemilitaryvictoriesof
Qutb-ud-dinAibak.
C) IslamwascarriedtosoutheastAsiafromChina.
D) TradetosoutheastAsiafromAfricaandPersiaestablishedIslamiccentersonthe
mainlandfromwhichconversiontookplace.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:277
Skill:Conceptual
48) WhatwasthenatureofIslamicreligionthatdevelopedinsoutheastAsia?
A) Becausemostofthemissionarieswereulama fromArabia,thereligionmostclosely
resembledIslamaspracticedinthefirstgenerationsafterMuhammad.
B) BecauseIslamcametosoutheastAsiafromIndiaandwasspreadbySufiholymen,it
developedamysticalnaturethatincorporatedmuchofindigenousreligion.
C) BecauseIslamwascarriedtosoutheastAsiafromChina,itboremanyofthe
characteristicsofBuddhism.
D) BecauseIslamwascarriedbyconqueringwarriorsfromIndia,itrejectedthenative
BuddhismandHinduisminpreferenceformoreconservativeIslamicorthodoxy.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:279-280
Skill:Conceptual
196
EssayQuestions
1) ExplainthereasonsforthepoliticaldisruptionoftheAbbasidempirepriortotheriseofthe
Buyids.
Answer: Difficultiesofcommunicationandmovingarmiesovergreatdistancesofempire;
tendencyofpopulationstoretainregionalidentities;failuretoestablishprincipleof
successionsatisfactorytoallparties;riseofmercenaryarmiesthatbecamevirtually
independent;failureofagriculturaleconomy.
Diff:2
PageRef:262-265
Skill:Conceptual
2) DescribethesocialpositionofwomenduringtheAbbasidempire.
Answer: Womenwerenowveiledandsecluded;increaseinpatriarchalauthority;onlymales
permittedmultiplemarriages;developmentoftheharem.
Diff:2
PageRef:282
Skill:Conceptual
3) DiscussthereligioustrendsoftheAbbasideraandtheirimpactontheexpansionofIslam.
Answer: Sufi:developmentofIslamicmysticism;lessemphasisonstrictinterpretationof
traditionaltextsandlaws;emphasisonemotionalreligiousexperience;servedas
healers;identifiedwithwanderingholymenofBuddhistsandHindus;keyfiguresin
expansionofIslamtosouthandsoutheasternAsia.Ulama:developedincreasingly
conservativeandrestrictivereligiousschools;questioneduseofGreekphilosophyin
scientificschoolsofIslam;emphasizedstrictinterpretationoflawsandreligioustexts.
Diff:2
PageRef:269-270
Skill:Conceptual
4) InwhatsensedidtheMuslimincursionsintotheIndiansubcontinentresultinIslamic
influencesonHindus?TowhatextentwereMuslimsaffectedbyIndianculture?
Answer: MuslimsestablishedkingdominGangeticplain,butunabletoruleabsolutelybecause
ofdependenceonlocalHinduadministrators;abletoconvertsomeIndiansBuddhists
andlowcasteHindusprimarilyinnorthwesternandnorthernIndia;Hindusresponded
bystrengtheningbhakticcults;highcastegroupsresistedconversion;Muslimsadopted
socialstratificationofHinducastes,attitudestowardwomen,practicesofHindurulers,
tasteforIndianfoodandgames.
Diff:2
PageRef:270-277
Skill:Conceptual
197
5) BywhatmeansdidIslamspreadtosoutheastAsia?
Answer: IncursionofIslamintosoutheastAsiaalmostentirelyasaresultofestablishmentof
traderoutesfromMuslimportsinIndia;SufimysticsandtraderscarriedIslamtoport
citieswithinsoutheastAsia;fromportcitiesIslamdisseminatedtootherregions;
becauseofIndianandSufibackground,lessrigorousemphasisonstrictinterpretation
oftextsandlaws;moreincorporationofindigenousreligiousbeliefs.
Diff:2
PageRef:277-280
Skill:Conceptual
198
Chapter13 AfricanCivilizationsandtheSpreadofIslam
1) Between800and1500asthefrequencyandintensityofcontactwiththeoutsideworld
increased,whatwasthechiefimpactonsub-SaharanAfrica?
A) ThearrivalofthePortuguese
B) ThearrivalofChristianity
C) ThearrivalofIslam
D) ThearrivalofChinesemerchants
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:283
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) WhatwasoneofthemajordifferencesbetweenAfricancivilizationsandotherpostclassical
societies?
A) Africancivilizationsbuiltsomewhatlessclearlyonpriorsocietiesthandidotherpost
classicalsocieties.
B) AfricancivilizationwasalmostentirelydependentonculturalimportationsfromIslam
andtheArabicworld.
C) Priorto800,Africancivilizationshadnopriorcontactswithcivilizationsoutsideofthe
Africancontinent.
D) TherewerenocivilizationsinAfricauntilthepostclassicalperiod.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:284
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhowasMansaMusa?
A) TheleaderofMali
B) AChristianmissionaryfromPortugal
C) TheleaderofSonghay
D) TheleaderofGhana
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:282
Topic:AfricanSocieties:DiversityandSimilarities
Skill:Conceptual
199
4) Africansocietiesorganizedaroundkinshiporotherformsofobligationandlackingthe
concentrationofpoliticalpowerandauthoritywerereferredtoas
A) stateless.
B) huntingandgatheringbands.
C) Bantuconicalclans.
D) Islamictribes.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:285
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhatwasthefunctionofsecretsocietiesinAfricanculture?
A) TheysmuggledvaluablegoldacrosstheSaharaandestablishedvitaltraderouteswith
theMediterranean.
B) Becausesecretsocietieswererestrictedtofemales,theypermittedwomentohavean
invisible,butpowerful,roleinpoliticalaffairswithinAfricansocieties.
C) Becausetheirmembershipcutacrosslineagedivisions,theyactedtomaintainstability
withinthecommunityanddiminishclanfeuds.
D) TheyservedasadisruptiveandrevolutionaryforceinAfricansocietyforestallingthe
formationoflargerstates.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:285
Skill:Conceptual
6) Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheindigenousreligionofmuchof
sub-SaharanAfrica?
A) Muchofsub-SaharanAfricawasChristian.
B) Animisticreligion,beliefinthepowerofnaturalforcespersonifiedasdeities,
characterizedmuchofAfrica.
C) AfricanreligionpriortothearrivaloftheMuslimswastypifiedbyanindependentform
ofmonotheismcharacterizedbyworshipinmonumentaltemplecomplexes.
D) Uniquely,Africansocietieslackedreligiousprinciplespriortothearrivalofthe
ChristiansandMuslims.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:285
Skill:Conceptual
200
7) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTabeliefsharedbypractitionersofmanyindigenousAfrican
religions?
A) Theideaofacreatordeity
B) Theideathatdisastersandillnesseswereproducedbysaints
C) Thevenerationofancestors
D) Theviewthatworkingthelandhadreligioussignificance
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:285
Skill:Conceptual
8) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheeconomiesofAfricaisNOTcorrect?
A) NorthAfricawasfullyinvolvedintheMediterraneanandArabeconomicworld.
B) Settledagricultureandironworkinghadbeenestablishedinmanyareasbeforethe
post-classicalperiod.
C) Tradewashandledbyprofessionalmerchants,ofteninkinshipgroupings.
D) Muchoftheregionlackedamarketeconomyandwasbasedonself-sufficient
agriculturalunits.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:285
Skill:Conceptual
9) WhatmayhavebeenthepopulationofAfricain1500CE?
A) 1-15million
B) 15-30million
C) 30-60million
D) 60-75million
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:286
Skill:Conceptual
201
10) WhatregionofAfricawasfirstconvertedtoIslamby700C.E.?
A) EastAfrica
B) CentralAfrica
C) WestAfrica
D) NorthAfrica
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:286
Skill:Factual
11) ThepuritanicalreformmovementsoftheAlmoravidsandAlmohadisaroseamongwhat
groupsofpeople?
A) TheBerbers,nativedesertdwellersofnorthAfrica
B) TheArabsduringtheconquestofnorthAfrica
C) TheNubiansoftheearlySudan
D) TheinhabitantsoftheempireofMali
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:286
Skill:Factual
12) Whatdoesummamean?
A) Socialequality
B) Africanruler
C) Equalityofallclans
D) Communityofbelievers
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:286
Skill:Conceptual
13) WhatwasthemostimportantChristiankingdominAfrica?
A) Mali
B) Songhay
C) Kongo
D) Ethiopia
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:286
Skill:Factual
202
14) Whichofthefollowingregionswasanimportantpointofinitialculturalcontactbetween
AfricaandIslam?
A) TheAtlanticOcean
B) ThePacificOcean
C) NorthAfrica
D) SouthAfrica
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:286
Topic:KingdomsoftheGrasslands
Skill:Factual
15) TheSahelreferstothe
A) grasslandbeltatthesouthernedgeoftheSaharathatservedasapointofexchange
betweentheforestsofthesouthandnorthAfrica.
B) EastAfricancoastlinethatbecametheprimarypointofcontactforMuslimmerchants
fromIndiaandsoutheastAsiaandAfricantraders.
C) seriesoftradingportsthatrapidlydevelopedalongtheAtlanticcoasttosupportthe
tradeinAfricanslaves.
D) forestzoneofcentralAfricathatremainedfreeofIslamicinfluencelargelybecauseofthe
inabilityofthecameltowithstandtheclimateoftheregion.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:286
Skill:Conceptual
16) WhatSudanickingdomdeclinedin1076makingwayfornewpoliticalorganizationsinthe
region?
A) Mali
B) Songhay
C) Ghana
D) Axum
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:288
Skill:Factual
203
17) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheSudanicstatesofMaliandSonghayismost
accurate?
A) Althoughpowerful,theSudanicstatesneverreachedthelevelofempires.
B) Sudanicstateshadterritorialcoreareasinwhichthepeoplewereofthesameethnic
background,buttheirpowerextendedoversubordinatecommunities.
C) WhatprovidedtheculturalunitynecessaryfortheestablishmentofstatesintheSudan
wastheconversionofmanypeopletoChristianity.
D) TheSudanicstatesweredistinguishedfromotherAfricancivilizationsbythepeculiar
lackoffamilyorclanlineagesasanorganizingprincipleofsociety.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:288
Skill:Conceptual
18) WhatwasthegeographicallocationoftheempireofMali?
A) BetweentheZambeziandCongoRivers
B) BetweenthecitiesofMogadishuandMombasa
C) BetweentheNigerandSenegalRivers
D) AlongtheNileRivervalley
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:288
Skill:Factual
19) WhatmonarchiscreditedwithbeginningMalinkeexpansionandcreatingtheMaliEmpire?
A) Sundiata
B) MahmudofGhur
C) MansaKankanMusa
D) SunniAli
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:289
Skill:Factual
204
20) WhichofthefollowingwasamajorcityneartheNigerRiver?
A) Bantu
B) IbnBatuta
C) Griot
D) Timbuktu
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:291
Skill:Conceptual
21) TheAfricantradersassociatedwiththeMaliEmpirewerecalled
A) Soninke.
B) Zimbabwe.
C) Jenne.
D) Juula.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:289
Skill:Factual
22) WhatwasthenatureofurbanizationwithintheMaliEmpire?
A) Asaconquestempire,Malipossessedgarrisoncitiesforitssoldiers,butfailedtodevelop
commercialcenters.
B) MalipossessedportcitiesalongtheNigerRiversuchasJenneandTimbuktuthat
flourishedbothcommerciallyandculturally.
C) ThecitiesofMaliwereessentiallyreligiousandpalacecomplexesthatlacked
populationsofspecialistsotherthanmendevotedtoreligiousobservances.
D) Malifailedtodevelopcitiespriortoitsfall.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:291
Skill:Conceptual
205
23) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheagriculturaleconomyofMaliismost
accurate?
A) Becauseofthepoorsoil,themajorityofthepeopleofMaliabandonedagriculturefor
trade.
B) LandinMaliwasownedcommunallyandfarmedinclangroups.
C) BecauseoftheearlyintroductionofironworkinginMalisculture,theagricultural
economywasabletotakeadvantageofextremelyadvancedtechnology.
D) Giventhedifficultiesofthesoil,periodicdroughts,andthelimitationsoftechnology,the
farmersofMaliwerebarelyabletoprovidethebasicfoodsthatsupportedtheimperial
states.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:291
Skill:Conceptual
24) Whatwasthesocialandpoliticalfunctionofthegriots?
A) Griotswerereligiousdivinerswhosefunctionwastoforetellthefutureandguidethe
decisionsofkings.
B) GriotsweretheclassesofpeopleoftheconqueststatesoftheMalikingswhowere
consignedtolaborwithintheempiresmines.
C) GriotsmasteredtheoraltraditionsoftheMalinkeandbyknowingthepastwere
consideredexcellentadvisorsofkings.
D) GriotswereMalinkemerchantswhoservedastrademiddlementhroughoutAfrica.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:289
Skill:Conceptual
25) WhatrulerwasresponsibleforthecreationoftheSonghayEmpire?
A) Sundiata
B) MansaKankanMusa
C) MahmudofGhur
D) SunniAli
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:291
Skill:Factual
206
26) SonghaywasoriginallypartofwhatAfricanempire?
A) Ethiopia
B) Axum
C) Mali
D) Zimbabwe
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:291
Skill:Factual
27) WhatwasthemilitarytitletakenbythelaterMuslimrulersofSonghay?
A) Dhow
B) Askia
C) Sultan
D) Caliph
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:291
Skill:Factual
28) WhatledtothedownfallofSonghay?
A) Thecollapseoftheirrigationsystemonwhichtheagriculturaleconomydepended
B) InvasionbyaMoroccanMuslimarmyequippedwithfirearms
C) InvasionbythePortuguese
D) DefeatandincorporationwithintheMaliEmpire
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:291
Skill:Conceptual
29) FollowingthedeclineofSonghay,smallerstatesdevelopedeastofMaliandSonghayamong
whatpeople?
A) Nok
B) Almoravid
C) Hausa
D) Masai
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:291
Skill:Factual
207
30) WhywasIslamsoreadilyadoptedbyrulerswithintheSudan?
A) TheywereallconqueredbyoverwhelmingMuslimarmiesandforciblyconvertedto
Islam.
B) TheMuslimconceptofarulerwhounitedcivilandreligiousauthorityreinforced
traditionalideasofkingship.
C) TheMuslimconceptofreligiousequalityallowedrulerstodisposeofthetraditional
clansandlineagesofAfrica.
D) Asamonotheisticreligion,IslamwasmuchlikethetraditionalreligionsofAfrica.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:292
Skill:Conceptual
31) WhatwastherelationshipbetweenIslamandtheindigenousreligionsofAfrica?
A) IslamicteachersattemptedtoeradicatetheanimistindigenousreligionsofAfrica.
B) BecausebothindigenousAfricanreligionandIslamweremonotheistic,thetwobecame
inextricablyintertwined.
C) Islamaccommodatedpaganpracticeandbeliefintheearlystagesofconversion,because
rulershipandauthoritywasstillbasedontheabilitytointercedewithlocalspirits.
D) Islamsuccessfullyovercameindigenousreligiousbeliefs,andalmostallAfricans
convertedtoIslam.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:292
Skill:Conceptual
32) HowdidcontactwiththeMuslimworldaffecttheAfricanslavetrade?
A) BecauseoftheMuslimemphasisonequalityofallbelievers,earlyMuslimrulers
suppressedtheslavetrade.
B) SlaverywasunknowninAfricansocietyuntiltheMuslimsintroducedit.
C) WiththeMuslimconquestsofnorthAfricaandcommercialpenetrationtothesouth,
slaverybecameamorewidelydiffusedphenomenonandtheslavetradedeveloped
rapidly.
D) DespitetheMuslimacceptanceofslaveryanditswidespreaduseinIslamicsociety
outsideofAfrica,Muslimsgenerallyrefusedtoacceptblackslaves.
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
208
33) HowwastheinstitutionofslaveryviewedinMuslimsociety?
A) Intheory,slaverywasseenasastageintheprocessofconversionofpaganstoIslam.
B) Slaverywasbelievedtobeapermanentconditionthatrenderedtheenslavedincapable
ofenteringheaven.
C) Slaverywasviewedassodemeaningthatthosewhowereenslavedweregoodfor
nothingbeyondlaborinthefieldsorthemines.
D) SlaverywasseenasabhorrentinIslamicsocietybecauseoftheemphasisontheequality
ofallbelievers.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
34) WhichofthefollowinggroupsdidNOTmigratetothecoastalregionofeastAfrica?
A) Bantu
B) SeaborneimmigrantsfromIndonesiaandMalaya
C) RefugeesfromOmanandthePersianGulf
D) BerbersfromnorthAfrica
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Topic:TheSwahiliCoastofEastAfrica
Skill:Conceptual
35) TheArabictermfortheeastAfricancoastwas
A) Zenj.
B) Dhow.
C) Askia.
D) Mandala.
Answer: A
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
209
36) WhatwasthecommonculturaltraitoftheurbanizedtradingportsoftheeastAfricancoast?
A) MembershipintheSoninketribe
B) TheartisticstyleoftheNokculture
C) Bantu-basedandArabic-influencedSwahililanguage
D) AsinglerulingfamilyfromtheMalinketribe
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
37) WhatwasthenatureoftradewiththetownsofeastAfrica?
A) MosttradewasfocusedoncaravanscrossingtheSaheltonorthAfrica.
B) Tradewaslimitedtolocalcommerceamongthetownsandwiththehinterlandslying
westoftheurbanizedcoast.
C) TherewasactivetradetothePersianGulfandEgypt,butlittlebeyondthosepoints.
D) InternationaltradeflourishedintheurbanizedportsofeastAfrica,includingcommerce
withIndiaandChina.
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
38) HowdidtheexpansionofIslamaidinthecreationofinternationaltradeontheeastAfrican
coastline?
A) IslamexpandedtoIndiaandsoutheastAsiaprovidingareligiousbondoftrustbetween
thoseregionsandtheconvertedrulersofthecitiesofeastAfrica.
B) BecauseIslamregardedChristiansaspeoplesofthebook,Muslimmerchantscameto
tradeattheChristianizedportsofeastAfrica.
C) TheconnectionwiththeIslamicstatesofnorthAfricapermittedtheurbanizedportsof
eastAfricatotradewidelywithnorthernEurope.
D) ThedirecttraderoutesbetweentheAfricanstatesofwestAfricaandthecoastofeast
AfricastimulatedcommercebetweenthecitiesoftheeastandtheAtlanticOcean.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
210
39) TowhatextentdidIslamsuccessfullypenetratethepopulationsofeastAfrica?
A) AsinAsiatheconversionofthecoastalcitiesledtoalmostcompleteconversionofthe
populationslyinginland.
B) MostoftheclansandthemostimportantlineagegroupsoutsideoftheeastAfricancities
wereconvertedtoIslaminordertoparticipateintrade.
C) Islampenetratedverylittleintotheinterioramongthehunters,pastoralists,andfarmers,
andeventheareasnearthetradingtownsremainedrelativelyunaffected.
D) Islamspreadfromthecitiestothehinterlandinsuchawaythateventuallythe
countrysidewasmoreIslamicthanwerethecities.
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
40) WhatwastheimpactofthePortuguesearrivalonthetradingpatternsoftheeastAfrican
coast?
A) Despitegreatefforttoshiftthefocusoftradeintotheirownhands,thePortuguesewere
neverabletocontrolthetradeonthenorthernSwahilicoast.
B) ThePortuguesearrivaldisruptedthenormaltradelinessoseverelythatAfricantrade
withIndianandsoutheastAsiaceasedtoexistforcenturies.
C) ThePortugueserapidlyusedtheirmilitarysuperioritytocontrolallaspectsoftrade
alongtheeastAfricancoast.
D) ThePortuguesealliedthemselveswithChristiansfromEthiopiainacombinedassaulton
theeastAfricancoastthatresultedinthedestructionoftheurbanizedports.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
41) Whatcity-statedidEwuaretheGreatrule?
A) Benin
B) Timbukto
C) Niger
D) Oyo
Answer: A
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
211
42) TheDemographicTransitionisoftenassociatedwithwhatchangeinsociety?
A) Themilitarizationofsociety
B) Theadoptionofprivateproperty
C) Industrialization
D) ConversiontoChristianity
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
43) WhatwasthemajorartisticoutputinBenin?
A) Oilpainting
B) Woodenjewelry
C) Featheredheadcoverings
D) Ivoryandbronzesculptures
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:299
Topic:PeoplesoftheForestandthePlains
Skill:Conceptual
44) WhatwastheformofpoliticalorganizationoftheYorubapeopleofNigeria?
A) TheYorubawereorganizedinsmalltribalvillagesundertheruleofindividual
headmen.
B) TheYorubawereorganizedinanumberofsmallcity -statesundertheauthorityof
regionalkings.
C) TheYorubastatewasstronglycentralizedunderadivineemperorwhoruledfrom
Ile-Ife.
D) TheYorubawerepartoftheMaliEmpire.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
212
45) WhatwastheformofpoliticalorganizationoftheKingdomofKongo?
A) TheKingdomofKongowasaconfederationofsmallerstatesbroughtunderthecontrol
ofthekinganddividedintoeightprovinces.
B) TheKingdomofKongowasorganizedintoanumberofcity -statesruledfromIle-Ife.
C) TheKingdomofKongowaspartoftheMaliEmpire.
D) TheKingdomofKongowasastronglycentralizedempireruledbyadivinekingin
GreatZimbabwe.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
46) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningGreatZimbabweisNOTcorrect?
A) Zimbabweactuallyreferstothestonebuildingsthatweretypicaloftheculture.
B) GreatZimbabwewasboththecapitalofthekingdomandareligiouscenter.
C) GreatZimbabwewasconstructedbyArabMuslimswhoweretradingwiththeBantu
residentsoftheregion.
D) Bythe15thcentury,acentralizedstatehadbeguntoformcenteredonGreatZimbabwe.
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
47) TherulerofthekingdomcenteredonGreatZimbabwetookthetitleof
A) Mansa.
B) Askia.
C) Alafin.
D) MweneMutapa.
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
213
48) InwhatregionwastheinfluenceofIslammostprofound?
A) CentralAfrica
B) WestAfricaamongtheYorubaandatBenin
C) Ethiopia
D) SudanandSwahilicoast
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:301
Topic:Conclusion:InternalDevelopmentandExternalContacts
Skill:Factual
49) WhichofthefollowingstatesrepresentsthedevelopmentofBantuconceptsofkingshipand
state-building?
A) Mali
B) KingdomofKongo
C) Songhay
D) Mombassa
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
50) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheimpactofIslamonsub-SaharanAfricais
mostaccurate?
A) IslamcutoffnorthAfricafromtheregionsofsub-SaharanAfrica.
B) AlthoughAfricahadneverbeentotallyisolatedfromtheMediterranean,thespreadof
IslambroughtlargeareasofAfricawithintheglobalcommunity.
C) WiththeconversionofregionsofthecontinenttoIslam,Africabecamethecenterofthe
Islamicworld.
D) DespitewidespreadconversionofAfricanstoIslam,thecontinentremainedoutsidethe
tradingsphereoftheIslamicworld.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
214
EssayQuestions
1) WhatwerethecommonelementsofAfricansocietypriortotheincursionofIslam?
Answer: ExistenceofstatelesssocietiesthroughoutAfricabasedontribalandclanorganizations
typicalofchiefdom;Bantuascommonlanguagebase;widespreadacceptanceofanimist
religionbasedonnaturalforcesanddeitiesassociatedwiththem;significanceofclassof
diviners;emphasisonreligiousqualityofland;venerationofancestors;evidencefor
vitallocaltradenetworks;tendencytoexchangerawmaterialsformanufactured
products.
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
2) Bywhatmeanswasconversionofsub-SaharanAfricacarriedout?Whatweretheprimary
avenuesofIslamicentryintosub-SaharanAfrica?
Answer: Primarilyconversionbytradersandmerchantsratherthanbyconquest;threeprimary
pointsofentry,AtlanticOcean,IndianOcean,andtheSahel.
Diff:2
PageRef:286-292
Skill:Conceptual
3) IslamicinfluencewasstrongestintheSudanicstatesandtheSwahilicoast.Compareand
contrastthepoliticalformsoftheseregions.WhatdoesthissuggestaboutthenatureofIslamic
influenceinAfrica?
Answer: Sudanicstates:empiresunderstrongcentralrulerswithprovincialsub-kings;social
stratificationintoclangroupsassociatedwithoccupationalspecialization;primarily
agriculturaleconomy.Swahilicoast:city-statesratherthancentralizedempire;basedon
trade,ofteninternationalinscope.Islamdidnotimposeaformofgovernment;
providedstrengthforindigenousinstitutionsandroyalauthority,legalcode;connected
AfricatoMuslimtradeworld.
Diff:2
PageRef:287-295
Skill:Conceptual
4) CompareandcontrastthepoliticalformsoftheAfricanstatesnotaffectedbyIslam(Yoruba,
Benin,Kongo,Zimbabwe)withthosethatwere(theSudanicstatesandtheSwahilicoast).
Answer: YorubaandBeninwerebasedoncity-stateorganizationsimilartoSwahilicoast,Kongo
andZimbabwewerelesserimperialformsofgovernmentsimilartotheSudanicstates.
SuggestsagainthatIslamdidnotseriouslyaffectnatureofpoliticaldevelopment.
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
215
5) GiventhegeographicallocationofthoseAfricanstatesmostaffectedbyIslam,whatwerethe
mostimportantpointsofcontactbetweenAfricanandIslamicsocieties?Whatdoesthis
suggestaboutthenatureofIslamicconversion?
Answer: TheSudanicstatesjustsouthoftheSaharaandtheSwahilicoastweremostaffectedby
Islam;indicatesprimaryimportanceofIndianOceantraderoutesandcommercial
routesconnectingSahelwithMediterranean.Althoughsomeearlyevidenceofmilitary
penetrationofsub-SaharanAfrica(Almoravids,Almohades)fromMediterranean,most
contactprobablythroughtradeandcommerce.
Diff:2
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Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
216
Chapter14 CivilizationinEasternEurope:Byzantium
andOrthodoxEurope
1) WhichofthefollowingisseenasadirectcontinuationoftheeasternportionoftheRoman
Empire?
A) FrankishEmpire
B) OttomanEmpire
C) ByzantineEmpire
D) AbbasidEmpire
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:306
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) TheByzantineEmpirelastedfrom
A) 500to1450.
B) 200to1200.
C) 300to1700.
D) 700to1650.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:306
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
3) WhichofthefollowingwasthecapitaloftheByzantineEmpire?
A) Venice
B) Rome
C) Constantinople
D) Athens
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:306
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
217
4) WhatwasthemainreligionoftheByzantineEmpire?
A) Islam
B) Judaism
C) Hinduism
D) Christianity
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:306
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhatcountrywasparticularlyinfluencedbyByzantinecivilization?
A) Italy
B) TheMiddleEast
C) Russia
D) Poland
Answer: C
Diff:1
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Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
6) WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTrepresentasimilaritybetweenthespreadofcivilizationin
easternandwesternEurope?
A) CivilizationspreadnorthwardfromaMediterraneanbase.
B) Animismgavewaytomonotheism.
C) Northernpoliticalunitsrapidlydominatedthepoliticalsophisticationofcivilization
areasinAsiaandnorthAfrica.
D) InbothcasesnewlycivilizedareaslookedbacktotheGreco-Romanpast.
Answer: C
Diff:3
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Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
218
7) Whichofthefollowingrepresentsadifferencebetweenthespreadofcivilizationineastern
andwesternEurope?
A) TheyproduceddifferentversionsofChristianity,culturallyaswellasorganizationally
separate.
B) OnlyeasternEuropedevelopednorth-southcommercialties.
C) Centralizedgovernmentandwell-organizedbureaucracywasmoreafeatureofwestern
EuropethaneasternEurope.
D) EasternEuroperetainedlessfullythecultureofthelaterRomanEmpirethandidthe
West.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
8) WheredidtheRomansestablishaneasterncapitalinthe4thcenturyCE?
A) Rome
B) Nicaea
C) Constantinople
D) Baghdad
Answer: C
Diff:1
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Topic:TheByzantineEmpire
Skill:Factual
9) TheemperorresponsiblefortheinitialconstructionofConstantinoplewas
A) Constantine.
B) Justinian.
C) Diocletian.
D) Heraklius.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
219
10) WhatwasthedifferenceinthemilitaryorganizationofByzantineandwesternRoman
empires?
A) ThewesternRomanEmpiredependedoncitizensoldiersuntilthe5thcentury.
B) TheByzantineEmpirerecruitedmenfromtheMiddleEast.
C) TheByzantineEmpirerecruitedbarbariansalmostexclusivelywhiletheRomanEmpire
oftheWestdependedonIslamicmercenaries.
D) TheByzantineEmpiredependedonthestrengthofConstantinopleswallsanddidnot
recruitanarmy.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
11) WhatwasthegreatchurchbuiltinConstantinoplebyJustinian?
A) St.Peters
B) TheCathedralofSt.Dimitri
C) HagiaSophia
D) Sts.CyrilandMethodius
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
12) StartingafterthereignofJustinian,whatwastheofficiallanguageoftheeasternempire?
A) Latin
B) Persian
C) Arabic
D) Greek
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
220
13) TheByzantineEmpirebegan
A) inthe9thcenturyC.E.,withthemissionaryworkofCyrilandMethodius.
B) inthe4thcenturyC.E.,withtheestablishmentofConstantinopleastheeasterncapitalof
theempire.
C) inthe1stcenturyC.E.,duringthereignofAugustus.
D) inthe5thcenturyC.E.,withthefallofRome.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
14) WhowasthebrilliantgeneralwhohelpedJustinianachievemilitarygainsinnorthAfricaand
Italy?
A) Belisarius
B) Theodorus
C) Procopius
D) Basil
Answer: A
Diff:3
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Skill:Factual
15) ThenamenormallygiventotheformofChristianitythatemergedintheByzantineEmpire
was
A) RomanCatholicism.
B) Nestorianism.
C) OrthodoxChristianity.
D) Solafideanism.
Answer: C
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
221
16) WhatEasternemperorwasresponsiblefortheattemptedrestorationofaunitedRoman
Empireafter533?
A) Constantine
B) Justinian
C) Diocletian
D) Theodosius
Answer: B
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
17) WhichofthefollowingwasNOToneofJustinianspositivecontributionstotheByzantine
Empire?
A) TherebuildingofConstantinople
B) SystematizingoftheRomanlegalcode
C) ThereconquestofGaul
D) TheconstructionofHagiaSophia
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
18) TheformercourtesanwhowasJustinianswifeandadvisorwas
A) Sophia.
B) Syria.
C) Zoe.
D) Theodora.
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
222
19) TheSlavickingdomthatparticularlypressedByzantineterritoryintheBalkansafterthe8th
centuryC.E.was
A) Russia.
B) Hungary.
C) Anatolia.
D) Bulgaria.
Answer: D
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
20) AllofthefollowingwereoutcomesofJustinianswarsofreconquestEXCEPT
A) thepermanentadditionofItalytotheByzantineEmpire.
B) increasedtaxpressuresonthegovernment.
C) militarysuccessesinnorthAfricaandItaly.
D) weakeningoftheempiresdefensesonitseasternfrontiers.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
21) Afterthe7thcentury,whatgroupposedthegreatestthreattotheeasternfrontiersofthe
ByzantineEmpire?
A) TheSassanidPersians
B) TheGermans
C) TheHuns
D) TheArabMuslims
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
223
22) WhatwasthetechnologicalinnovationthataidedtheByzantineEmpireinwithstandingthe
MuslimsiegeofConstantinoplein717?
A) Cannon
B) Greekfire
C) Gunpowderrockets
D) Catapults
Answer: B
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
23) WhichofthefollowingwasaresultoftheconflictbetweentheByzantineEmpireandtheArab
Muslims?
A) TheArabthreattotheByzantineEmpirewaspermanentlyremoved.
B) Thepositionofsmallfarmersintheempirewasweakenedasaresultofheavytaxation,
resultingingreateraristocraticestates.
C) TheByzantineEmpirewasabletorecovertheprovincesofSyriaandEgypt,thus
regainingvaluableagriculturallandandincreasedwealth.
D) ThecommercialsignificanceofConstantinoplewasdestroyedbythe8thcentury,forcing
theByzantineEmpiretodependincreasinglyontradewiththeWest.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
24) WhichofthefollowingconclusionsthatmightbedrawnabouttheByzantineEmpireasthe
resultofitsconflictswithitsneighborsismosttrue?
A) Despiteallofitsdifficulties,itswarswithitsneighborsdemonstratesthattheempirehad
realcorestrength.
B) Theoutcomeofthewarsdemonstratesthatbythe10thcenturytheempirewas
completelydecadentandincapableofdefendingitself.
C) ThewarswithIslamicpowersdemonstratetheinherentweaknessoftheByzantine
military.
D) TheroleofTheodoraandotherwomeninthewarsdemonstratethattheintrusionof
womenintoByzantinepoliticswashighlydestructive.
Answer: A
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224
25) Byzantineculturallifecenteredontheseculartraditionsof
A) Islam.
B) Confucianism.
C) ancientEgypt.
D) Hellenism.
Answer: D
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
26) Whatemperorbecamerenownedinthe11thcenturyastheslayeroftheBulgariansby
defeatingtheBulgariankingdomandrestoringByzantineruleintheBalkans?
A) Justinian
B) Anastasius
C) BasilII
D) MichaelIII
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
27) InwhichofthefollowingwaysweretheByzantinebureaucracyandtheChinesebureaucracy
similar?
A) therewasanextensivestateexamsysteminboth
B) emperorsplayedlittleroleineithergovernment
C) therewasnolinkageofthebureaucraciestolocaladministration
D) bothbureaucracieswereopentotalentedcommoners,notjustaristocrats
Answer: D
Diff:3
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Skill:Conceptual
225
28) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheByzantinebureaucracyisNOTaccurate?
A) Manyoftheofficialsclosesttotheemperorwereeunuchs.
B) Aristocratspredominated,buttherewassomeopennesstotalent.
C) Anelaboratesystemofspiesmaintainedloyaltytothecentralgovernment.
D) Bureaucratsweretrainedtobeliterate,butlackedtheformaltraininginGreekclassics
andphilosophy.
Answer: D
Diff:3
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Skill:Conceptual
29) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningByzantinemilitaryorganizationismost
accurate?
A) Byzantinesoldierswererecruitedalmostexclusivelyfrompeoplesoutsidetheempire.
B) TheByzantineEmpireemulatedthelaterArabicempiresbymakinguseofslavearmies
asabasisforthemilitaryforce.
C) TheByzantineEmpirerecruitedtroopswithintheempirebygrantingheritablelandin
returnformilitaryservice.
D) MilitarycommandwithintheByzantineEmpireremainedinthehandsofthetraditional
aristocracywholivedinConstantinople.
Answer: C
Diff:3
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Skill:Conceptual
30) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningurbanizationwithintheByzantineEmpireis
mostcorrect?
A) Constantinoplecontrolledtheeconomyandgrewtoenormoussize,butothercitieswere
relativelysmall.
B) ConstantinoplebegantodeclineinpopulationinthelateryearsoftheByzantineEmpire
andwassurpassedbythegrowthofotherurbancenters.
C) LikeChina,theByzantineEmpirewasheavilyurbanizedwithmanycitiesnumbering
morethan100,000.
D) MostpeopleintheByzantineEmpirelivedinfivegreatcities:Constantinople,Nicaea,
Smyrna,Rome,andAthens.
Answer: A
Diff:3
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Skill:Conceptual
226
31) WhatweretheprimaryexportsoftheByzantineEmpire?
A) Foodproducts
B) Rawmaterials,suchasmetaloresfromAsiaMinor
C) Luxuryproductssuchassilk,cloth,andcarpets
D) Theempireproducedlittleofsignificanceandwasalmostexclusivelyanimporterof
goods
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
32) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthemerchantclassoftheByzantineEmpireis
mostaccurate?
A) Becauseofitslackofexportproducts,Byzantinecommercewascontrolledcompletelyby
foreignmerchants.
B) Byzantinemerchants,becauseoftheirwealth,rapidlybecamethemostpowerfulforcein
thegovernmentofConstantinopleandtheempire.
C) TheByzantinemerchantclassneverrecoveredfromthelossofterritoriestotheMuslims
andwasnotasignificantfactorwithintheempire.
D) TherewasalargeandwealthymerchantclassintheByzantineEmpire,butitnever
gainedsignificantpoliticalpowerbecauseofthepowerofthebureaucracy.
Answer: D
Diff:3
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33) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTastrengthofByzantineculturallife?
A) DomedbuildingsadaptedfromtheRomanstyleofarchitecture
B) Richlycoloredmosaics
C) Innovativeliteraryforms
D) Paintedicons
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
227
34) WhatwastheresultoftheconflictovertheuseofreligiousimagesintheOrthodoxchurch?
A) LiketheMuslims,theOrthodoxchurchbannedsubsequentuseofreligiousimagesin
favorofnon-representationalart.
B) Becauseofthepopularreactioninfavoroficons,theOrthodoxchurchrestoredtheiruse;
butthecloserelationshipbetweenchurchandstatewasbroken.
C) Afteralongandcomplexbattle,iconusewasgraduallyrestored,whilethetraditionof
statecontroloverchurchaffairswasalsoreasserted.
D) Becauseofthestrongresistanceofthemonks,iconusewasrestrictedtothoseregionsof
theempirewherethemonasterieshadlittleinfluence.
Answer: C
Diff:3
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35) WhichofthefollowingissueswasacauseforthesplitbetweentheRomanCatholicand
Orthodoxchurchesafter1054?
A) TheOrthodoxchurchslackofbishops
B) TheinsistenceofthepatriarchofConstantinopleonsupremacywithinchurchcouncils
C) TheabsenceofmonasticisminRomanCatholicism
D) TheRomanCatholicpracticeofrequiringcelibacyforitspriests
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
36) Inthe11thcentury,whatgroupofpeopleseizedmostoftheAsiaticprovincesofthe
ByzantineEmpire?
A) TheHuns
B) TheMongols
C) TheOttomanTurks
D) TheSeljukTurks
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
228
37) WhatwastheoutcomeoftheWesternCrusadeof1204?
A) ThecrusaderssucceededintemporarilypushingbacktheTurksandrestoringtheAsiatic
provincesoftheByzantineEmpire.
B) TheCrusadesucceededinestablishingaWesternkingdomintheHolyLand,butfailed
torelievetheAsiaticprovincesoftheByzantineEmpire.
C) ThecrusadersattackedandconqueredConstantinople,temporarilyestablishinga
Westernkingdomthere.
D) TheCrusaderesultedintheestablishmentofaWesternkingdomofBulgariainthe
Balkans.
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
38) InwhatyeardidtheTurkssuccessfullycaptureConstantinople?
A) 1071
B) 1326
C) 1453
D) 1501
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
39) WhattwomissionarieswereresponsibleforthecreationofawrittenscriptforSlavic
language?
A) BasilandJohnChrysostom
B) CyrilandMethodius
C) ConstansandMnemosyne
D) JohnandMatthew
Answer: B
Diff:1
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Topic:TheSpreadofCivilizationinEasternEurope
Skill:Factual
229
40) TheSlavicalphabetcreatedbyOrthodoxmissionariestotheSlavsiscalled
A) cursive.
B) Constantinapolitan.
C) Cyrillic.
D) Russo-Slavic.
Answer: C
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
41) WhichofthefollowingcountrieswasconvertedtoOrthodoxChristianity?
A) Poland
B) Russia
C) Hungary
D) Czechoslovakia
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
42) ThekingdomofKievinsouthernRussiawasestablishedbytradersfromwhatregion?
A) Scandinavia
B) Czechoslovakia
C) TheBalkans
D) TheByzantineEmpire
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
43) ThefirstkingofKievanRussiawas
A) Yarolav.
B) VladimirI.
C) BorisGudonov.
D) Rurik.
Answer: D
Diff:1
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230
44) WhydidVladimirIpreferOrthodoxChristianitytoRomanCatholicism?
A) Hepreferredtoavoidthepitfallsofthevenerationoficons.
B) HebelievedthatRomanCatholicismimpliedpapalinterference,whileOrthodoxy
embracedthecontrolofthechurchbythestate.
C) HewasnotfamiliarwithRomanCatholicism,becausetheWesternformofChristianity
hadnotpenetratedintoeasternEurope.
D) HedidnotbelieveinclericalcelibacywhichwasrequiredoftheRomanCatholic
priesthood.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
45) WhichofthefollowingpracticeswasNOTadoptedasafeatureoftheRussianOrthodox
Church?
A) Venerationoficons
B) Anactivemonasticmovement
C) Clericalcelibacy
D) Emphasisonalmsgiving
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
46) WhichoftheKievanprincesissuedaformallegalcode?
A) Rurik
B) Yaroslav
C) Vladimir
D) Boris
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
231
47) WhatwastheextentofwesternEuropeaninfluenceinKievanRussia?
A) DespitetheadoptionofOrthodoxChristianity,mostoftheecclesiasticalinfluenceswere
RomanCatholic.
B) TherewasdirectWesterninfluenceinRussiainbothmusicandartforms.
C) LikewesternEurope,Russiaalsomovedawayfromthepopularvenerationoficonsand
representationalimages.
D) Russiasreligiouscultureandsocialandeconomicpatternsdevelopedseparatelyfrom
westernEuropes.
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
48) WhatgroupofpeopleswereresponsiblefortheconquestofKievanRussiain1237 -1238?

A) Huns
B) Mongols
C) OttomanTurks
D) SeljukTurks
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
49) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheTatarinvasionofRussiaismostaccurate?
A) TatarcontrolofRussialastedforfourdecades.
B) TheTatarsusedRussiaasaspringboardfortheirsuccessfulinvasionofwesternEurope.
C) TatarsupervisiondidnotdestroyRussianChristianityoranativeRussianaristocracy.
D) TheTatarsrapidlydevisedacloselysupervisedlocaladministrationfortheRussian
cities.
Answer: C
Diff:3
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Skill:Conceptual
232
50) Whatwasthenameofthepaintingsofsaintsandotherreligiousfiguresfoundinthe
ByzantiumEmpire?
A) Trinitypaintings
B) Christianpaintings
C) Filioquepaintings
D) Iconpaintings
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
EssayQuestions
1) CompareandcontrastthespreadofEuropeancivilizationineasternandwesternEurope.
Answer: Similarities:civilizationsinbothhalvesofEuropemovednorthward;typifiedbyspread
ofmonotheismoveranimism;northernpoliticalunitswerelesscomplexandwell
organizedthanMediterraneancorecivilizations;allnewregionsrecognized
Greco-RomanpastandChristianity.Differences:differentversionsofChristianityin
EastandWest;littlecommercialconnectionbetweeneasternandwesternEurope;
easternEuropemorepoliticallyadvancedthanwesternEurope;easternEuropemore
directheirofRomanEmpire.
Diff:2
PageRef:310-314
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) WhatwasthepoliticalorganizationoftheByzantineEmpire?
Answer: Emperorheldallpower;viewedasdivinelyordainedruler;supportedbyelaborate
courtritual;governmentinhandsoftrainedbureaucracywitheunuchsinpositions
closesttotheemperors;localadministratorsappointedbycentralbureaucracy;military
recruitedfromempirespopulationbygrantsofheritablelandinreturnformilitary
service;growthofauthorityoflocalmilitarycommandersatexpenseoftraditional
aristocracy.
Diff:2
PageRef:307-308
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhatwerethefactorsinthedeclineoftheByzantineEmpire?
Answer: Seriesofexternalthreattoempire;TurkishinvasionsseizedAsiaticportionsofempire
after1071;reducedfoodsuppliesandtaxbaseofempire;growingeconomicand
politicalpowerofwesternEuropeledtoinroadsonConstantinopleseconomicposition;
WesternCrusadein1204temporarilyconqueredByzantinecapital;riseofindependent
SlavickingdomsinBalkanschallengedByzantineauthoritythere;OttomanTurks
conqueredConstantinoplein1453.
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
233
4) InwhatwayswasthecultureofKievanRussiaanextensionoftheByzantineEmpire?
Answer: DevelopmentofOrthodoxchurchinRussiaimposedmuchofByzantineculture;
state-dominatedchurch;venerationoficons;similarartisticemphasisonarchitecture
(domedbuildings)andreligiousimages;statebasedondivinelyauthorizedpowerof
monarchs;codificationoflaws;unabletoduplicateByzantinegovernmentinthesense
thattherewasnocomparabletrainedbureaucracy.
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
234
Chapter15 ANewCivilizationEmergesin
WesternEurope
1) ThepostclassicalperiodinWesternhistorybetweenthefalloftheRomanEmpireandthe
15thcenturyisreferredtoasthe
A) MiddleAges.
B) Renaissance.
C) AgeofDiscovery.
D) Baroque.
Answer: A
Diff:1
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Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
2) InwhichofthefollowingwayswasthemedievalWestNOTlikeothercivilizations?
A) ThemedievalperiodsawthespreadofcivilizationoutsidetheMediterraneanzonecore
regiontonewareasinnorthernEurope.
B) Newreligiousbeliefsaccompaniedthespreadofcivilization.
C) ThemedievalWestremainedculturallybackward.
D) WesternEuropeparticipatedintheemerginginternationalcommunity.
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Topic:TheFlavoroftheMiddleAges
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheimpactofChristianityonpolytheistic
religionsinwesternEuropeismostaccurate?
A) Christianityeradicatedalltracesofthoseearlierreligionsasthenewreligionbecame
universalinwesternEurope.
B) Theprocessofconversionproducedareligiousamalgaminwhichbeliefsinmagicand
supernaturalspiritscoexistedwithChristianity.
C) AlthoughChristianitymadeinroads,manyareasofEuroperetainedpolytheisticbeliefs
andrejectedthenewreligion.
D) Smallislandsofpolytheisticbeliefremained,butChristianityeradicatedbeliefinmagic
andspiritswhereverthenewreligionwasaccepted.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:345
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
235
4) MedievalbackwardnessinwesternEuropeaccountsfor
A) thefailureofthemedievalWesttoestablishcentralizedgovernments.
B) theinabilityoftheWesttoestablishtradecontactswiththelargerworldcommercial
network.
C) therefusaloftheWesttoadopttechnologiesandknowledgefromothercivilizations.
D) theanxietyoftheWestaboutthemorepowerfulMuslimworld.
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
5) FollowingthefallofRome,wherewasthecenterofthepost-classicalWest?
A) IntheformerRomancolonyofSpain
B) InItaly,particularlyRome
C) InthecentralplainofnorthernEurope: France,theLowCountries,southernandwestern
Germany
D) Greece
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:346
Topic:StagesofPost-ClassicalDevelopment
Skill:Factual
6) Whoweretheinvaderswhodisruptedthedevelopmentofpoliticalinstitutionsinthe
medievalWestuntilthe10thcentury?
A) Muslims
B) Mongols
C) Vikings
D) Chinese
Answer: C
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
236
7) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheintellectualactivityofthemedievalWest
priortothe8thcenturyismostaccurate?
A) ClassicalrationaltraditionswereactivelyunitedwithChristianmysticismtocarveouta
newintellectualworld.
B) Withthefewliteratepeopleconcentratedinmonasteries,littlewasachievedotherthan
copyingoldermanuscripts.
C) Universitiesrapidlycreatedanewintellectualclimateinwhichlogicwasappliedto
mattersofChristiandoctrine.
D) Allliteracyandcontactwiththeancientculturewaslostinthecenturiesfollowingthe
fallofRome.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
8) Thesystemthatdescribedeconomicandpoliticalrelationsbetweenlandlordsandtheir
peasantlaborerswascalled
A) manorialism.
B) feudalism.
C) slavery.
D) capitalism.
Answer: A
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
9) Agriculturallaborersunderthejurisdictionofaristocraticlandownerswerecalled
A) artisans.
B) guilds.
C) serfs.
D) bourgeoisie.
Answer: C
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
237
10) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheagriculturallaborersofthemedievalWestis
NOTtrue?
A) Theyreceivedprotectionandtheadministrationofjusticefromtheirlandlords
B) Theywereobligatedtoturnoverpartoftheirgoodstoremainontheland
C) Theyretainedessentialownershipoftheirhouses
D) Theywereslaves
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
11) Themoldboardwas
A) asystemofjusticecommontothemanorialregimeofthemedievalWest.
B) atechnologicalinnovationaplowthatalloweddeeperturningofthesoil.
C) atechnologicalinnovationawater-drivenmillforgrindinggrain.
D) thepeasantcouncilthatdeterminedthedivisionoflandandlaborinapeasantvillage.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
12) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthemanorialsystemisNOTtrue?
A) Itwastechnologicallysophisticated.
B) IthadoriginatedintheRomanEmpire.
C) Itsobligationsboreheavilyonserfs.
D) Agriculturalproductivitywaslow.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:347
Skill:Conceptual
238
13) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthethree-fieldrotationsystemismostaccurate?
A) Introducedinthe8thcentury,thethree-fieldrotationaddedacrestoproductionby
leavingonlyathirdofthelandunplanted.
B) Thethree-fieldsystemremovedlandfromproductionbyreservingone-thirdforfallow.
C) Thethree-fieldsystemwasrapidlyreplacedafterthe8thcenturybythetwo-field
systemthatofferedgreaterflexibilityintermsofcroprotation.
D) Thethree-fieldsystemremovedfallowfieldsandreplacedthemwithnitrogen-bearing
crops.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
14) Relationshipsbetweenmembersofthemilitaryelitebasedonareciprocalexchangeoflandfor
militaryserviceandloyaltywerecalled
A) manorialism.
B) feudalism.
C) capitalism.
D) theguildsystem.
Answer: B
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
15) Themembersofthemilitaryelitewhoreceivedlandinreturnformilitaryserviceinthebands
ofthegreaterlordswerecalled
A) fiefs.
B) benefices.
C) vassals.
D) serfs.
Answer: C
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
239
16) Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfeudalismismostaccurate?
A) Althoughitinhibitedthedevelopmentofstrongcentralstates,somekingswereableto
usefeudalismtobuildtheirownpower.
B) Althoughitprovidedinitialpoliticalstability,feudalismwasrapidlyreplacedbya
westernEuropeanimperialsystem.
C) Feudalismrepresentedonlyabrief,andlargelyunsatisfactory,attempttocreatepolitical
stabilityinwesternEurope.
D) Feudalismproducedcentralizedmonarchiesbythe8thcentury.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
17) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTapowerofthepapacyimmediatelyafter500?
A) Theabilitytosenddirectivesandreceiveinformation
B) Regulationofdoctrine
C) Sponsorshipofmissionaryactivity
D) Theappointmentofallbishops
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
18) WhatFrankishkingwasresponsiblefortheconversionofhispeopletoChristianityinorderto
gainavaguedominationovertheFranks?
A) CharlesMartel
B) Clovis
C) Charlemagne
D) PepinIII
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
240
19) WhatbeliefdidtheconversionofGermanickingscreateamongWesternreligiousleaders,
particularlythepope?
A) Thatthechurchwassubordinatetothesecularmonarchs
B) Thatthechurchhadalegitimateauthorityseparatefromandsuperiortothesecular
rulers
C) ThatthechurchshouldavoidconversionofnorthernGermanickings
D) Thatsuchconversionrepresentedadangertothepapalhierarchy
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
20) BenedictofNursiawasresponsibleforwhataccomplishmentinthe6thcentury?
A) TheconversionoftheFranks
B) Thebanningoflayinvestiture
C) Thecreationofasetofrulesformonasteries
D) TheconquestofConstantinople
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:348
Skill:Factual
21) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTabenefitofthemonasticmovementinwesternEurope?
A) TheydisciplinedtheintensespiritualityofthemedievalWestinordertopromote
Christianunity.
B) Manymonasterieshelpedimprovethecultivationoftheland.
C) Bycopyingancienttexts,monkspreservedclassicalcultureforlaterintellectualinquiry.
D) Theirpoliticalorganizationprovidedthefoundationforthepoliticalorderestablishedin
France,Germany,andEngland.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:348
Skill:Conceptual
241
22) WhatdynastytookovertheFrankishmonarchyinthe8thcentury?
A) Merovingian
B) Hohenstaufen
C) Carolingian
D) Saxon
Answer: C
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
23) InwhatyearwasCharlemagneabletoestablishasubstantial,iftemporary,empireinFrance
andGermany?
A) 500
B) 800
C) 900
D) 1000
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
24) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheHolyRomanemperorsafterthe10th
centuryismostaccurate?
A) TheybuiltupontheCarolingianfoundationstoestablishthemostcentralized
governmentfoundinthemedievalWest.
B) BuildingonafeudalframeworkratherthantheCarolingianGermanicfoundations,the
HolyRomanEmperorscreatedastronglycentralizedgovernment.
C) DiscardingmuchoftheformerCarolingianEmpire,theHolyRomanemperors
reestablishedacentralizedgovernmentinnorthernItaly.
D) TheruleoftheHolyRomanemperorsbecameincreasinglyhollow,becausetheydidnot
buildasolidmonarchyfromregionalfoundations.
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
242
25) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTapositivedevelopmentthatintroducednewsourcesof
strengthbythe9thand10thcenturiestowesternEurope?
A) Newagriculturaltechniques
B) EndofVikingraids
C) Developmentofimperialgovernment
D) Greaterregionalpoliticalstability
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:350-351
Skill:Conceptual
26) Whatwastheimpactoftheimprovedeconomyafterthe10thcenturyonthesocialsystemof
westernEurope?
A) Theimprovementsintheagriculturalsystemretardedthedevelopmentoftownsand
restrictedsocialmobility.
B) HarshserfdombecametherulethroughoutwesternEurope.
C) Theincreasedpaceofeconomiclifecreatedalessrigidstructure.
D) Despitetheimprovedeconomy,therigidsocialsystemassociatedwithfeudalism
continuedtodominatewesternEurope.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:351
Skill:Conceptual
27) Wherewasthegreatestconcentrationofurbanizationafterthe10thcentury?
A) ItalyandtheLowCountries
B) EnglandandFrance
C) FranceandtheHolyRomanempire
D) EnglandandScandinavia
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:351
Skill:Factual
243
28) HowdidtheintroductionoffeudalmonarchyintoEnglandcomparetothepolitical
experienceofFrance?
A) Englishfeudalmonarchydevelopedmoregraduallyandslowlyinresponsetothe
improvingeconomy.
B) Englishfeudalmonarchywasintroducedabruptlyafter1066,whileFrenchfeudal
monarchydevelopedmoreslowly.
C) Frenchfeudalmonarchyarosealmostimmediatelyinthe10thcenturyasaresultofthe
defeatoftheNormans.
D) Francefailedtodevelopfeudalmonarchyuntilthe15thcentury.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:352
Skill:Conceptual
29) BywhatcenturydidFranceachieveacompletefeudalmonarchy?
A) 10th
B) 11th
C) 13th
D) 15th
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:352
Skill:Factual
30) WhichofthefollowingregionsachievedfeudalmonarchypriortotheendoftheMiddle
Ages?
A) HolyRomanempire
B) England
C) LowCountries
D) Spain
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:352
Skill:Factual
244
31) WhichofthefollowingareaswasNOToneoftheregionsintowhichexpansionfromwestern
Europetookplace?
A) EasternGermanyandPoland
B) NorthernAfrica
C) Spain
D) IcelandandGreenland
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:353
Skill:Factual
32) InwhatyeardidPopeUrbanIIcallfortheFirstCrusade?
A) 1095
B) 1130
C) 1236
D) 1453
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:353
Skill:Factual
33) WhichofthefollowingdidNOToccurasaresultoftheCrusades?
A) TheKingdomofJerusalemwasestablishedfornearlyacenturyintheHolyLand.
B) TheFourthCrusaderesultedinthetemporaryconquestofConstantinople.
C) TheCrusadeshelpedtoopentheWesttonewculturalandeconomicinfluencesfromthe
MiddleEast.
D) TheCrusadesdemonstratedanewWesternsuperiorityinthewiderworld.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:354
Skill:Conceptual
34) ThereformingmonasticordersfoundedinAssisiinthe13thcenturywerecreatedby
A) St.BenedictandClovis.
B) St.ClareandSt.Benedict.
C) StFrancisandCharlemagne.
D) St.FrancisandSt.Clare.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:354
Skill:Factual
245
35) PopeGregoryVIIdecreedthepracticeofinvestitureinvalid.Whatwasinvestiture?
A) Thepracticewherebyaristocratsdressedinbishopsrobesandattemptedtoruleintheir
place
B) Thepracticeofstateappointmentofbishops
C) Thepracticeoftryingclericsinsecularcourts
D) Thestatespowertotaxtheclergy
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:355
Skill:Conceptual
36) TheFourthCrusadewasmanipulatedbymerchantsinVenice,whoturneditintoanattackon
A) Constantinople.
B) Jerusalem.
C) Athens.
D) Alexandria.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:354
Skill:Factual
37) Inthe12thcentury,whatParisianscholar , theauthorofYesandNo, utilizedlogictoexamine

ecclesiasticaldoctrine?
A) ThomasAquinas
B) WilliamofOckham
C) PeterAbelard
D) WilliamofSt.Thierry
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:356
Topic:WesternCultureinthePost-ClassicalEra
Skill:Factual
246
38) What12thcenturymonkstressedtheimportanceofmysticalunionwithGodoverlogicand
philosophy?
A) DunsScotus
B) BernardofClairvaux
C) SimeonofDurham
D) MarsiglioofPadua
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:356
Skill:Conceptual
39) InwhatwaywastheeducationalsystemofthemedievalWestdifferentfromthatofChina?
A) TheWestabandoneditsclassicalheritage
B) Theuniversitieswerenottiedintoasinglebureaucraticsystem
C) IntheWest,therewerenostatebureaucraciestohireuniversitygraduates
D) TheWestlackedaformalsystemofeducation
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:357
Skill:Conceptual
40) TheleadingfigureinthesynthesisofclassicalrationalphilosophywithChristiantheologywas
ateacherattheUniversityofParisinthe13thcentury,
A) ThomasAquinas.
B) WilliamofOckham.
C) PeterAbelard.
D) WilliamofSt.Thierry.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:357
Skill:Factual
247
41) BecauseofitsbaseintheuniversitiesofwesternEurope,thedominantmedievalphilosophical
approachwasreferredtoas
A) existentialism.
B) corporatetheology.
C) socialcontracttheology.
D) scholasticism.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:357
Skill:Factual
42) Duringthe11thcentury,whatnewarchitecturalstylefeaturingpointedarchesandflying
buttressesbecamedominantinwesternEurope?
A) Romanesque
B) Gothic
C) Structuralism
D) Turkic
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:358
Skill:Factual
43) WhichofthefollowingdevelopmentswasNOTaresultoftheimprovedeconomyoftheHigh
MiddleAges?
A) Urbangrowthallowedmorespecializedmanufacturingandcommercialactivities,
includingbanking.
B) Somepeasantswereabletothrowoffthemostsevereconstraintsofmanorialism,
becomingalmostfreefarmers.
C) RisingtradepermittedtheredevelopmentofcommercewithintheMediterraneanand
beyond.
D) Conflictsbetweenpeasantsandthelandlordsbecamerare,iftheydidnotdisappear
altogether.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:359-360
Topic:ChangingEconomicandSocialFormsinthePost-ClassicalCenturies
Skill:Conceptual
248
44) AllofthefollowingwerefunctionsofthemerchantandartisanguildsEXCEPT
A) limitationofmembership.
B) regulationofapprenticeship.
C) ensuringafreemarketeconomy.
D) guaranteeinggoodworkmanship.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:362
Skill:Conceptual
45) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTtrueofthecareerofJacquesCoeur?
A) Heusedhiswealthtoarrangeforhis16 -year-oldsontobecomeanarchbishop
B) HediedarichandhonoredadvisortothekingofFrance
C) Hewastortured,admittedtovariouscrimes,andhadhispropertyconfiscated
D) HehadthelargestfleeteverownedbyaFrenchsubject
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:361-362
Skill:Conceptual
46) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTathreattothesourcesofWesternvitalityattheendofthe
MiddleAges?
A) TheBlackDeath
B) Theincreasinginabilityofagriculturetokeeppacewithpopulationgrowth
C) Theeconomictail-spin
D) Newsocialdisputes,involvingbothpeasantsandlandlordsandartisansandtheir
employees.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:364
Topic:TheDeclineoftheMedievalSynthesis
Skill:Conceptual
249
47) WhichofthefollowingwasaresultoftheHundredYearsWarduringthe14thand15th
centuries?
A) Kingsreducedtheirrelianceonfeudalforcesinfavorofpaidarmies
B) AnEnglishvictory
C) Mountedknightscontinuedtheirdominanceoverfootsoldiersandarchers
D) Majorbattlesresultedinenormouslossoflifeoverthecourseofthewar
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:364
Skill:Conceptual
48) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTtypicalofthechallengestomedievalinstitutionsinthe15th
century?
A) Thelandowningaristocracylostitsdominanceasthechiefmilitaryforce
B) Thebalancebetweenchurchandstatebegantofavorthedominanceofthestate
C) Themedievalintellectualandartisticsynthesiswasbreakingdown
D) AsingleimperialgovernmentreplacedthefragmentedpoliticalstructureoftheMiddle
Ages
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:364-367
Skill:Conceptual
49) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheimportanceofmedievaleconomicsismost
true?
A) MedievaleconomicthoughtandpracticewasofnoconsequencetolaterWestern
economicthinkersandactors.
B) Medievaleconomicssetamuchmoredirectstageforlaterdevelopmentsthanclassical
economicshaddone.
C) Medievaleconomicssimplyrepeatedthethoughtandpracticeofearliereconomic
thinkers.
D) Medievaleconomics,overall,tendedtodiscouragemerchantactivityandtechnical
innovation.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:359-360
Topic:Conclusion:ThePost-ClassicalWestandItsHeritage
Skill:Conceptual
250
EssayQuestions
1) WhatwerethepositivesignsofvitalityassociatedwiththeMiddleAges?
Answer: Growthofpopulation,economicproductivity(capitalism);selecteduseof
Greco-Romanheritage;developmentofnewpoliticalandsocialstructures(feudalism);
intellectualcontributionsoftenassociatedwithcreationofWestern-styleuniversities;
newarchitecturalforms(Gothic).
Diff:2
PageRef:323-324
Skill:Conceptual
2) Definemanorialismandfeudalism.Howdotheyprovidethebuildingblocksformedieval
politicalstructureandsociety?
Answer: Manorialism:systemthatdescribedeconomicandpoliticalrelationshipsbetween
landlordsandpeasantlaborers.Serfsreceivedprotectionandjusticefromlordsin
returnforlaborandportionofproduce.Feudalism:seriesofrelationshipsbetween
membersofmilitaryelite;greaterlordsprovidedprotectionandlandtovassalsin
returnformilitaryserviceandloyalty.Manorialismprovidedcontextforlocal
communitylife,regionalizedandlocalformsofgovernment;relationshipsamong
landlordsledtobuildingpoliticalblocksofpowerbeyondlocalgovernment.
Diff:2
PageRef:323,327
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhatwerethecharacteristicsoffeudalmonarchyasdemonstratedinFranceandEngland
between1000and1300?
Answer: France:slowandgradualdevelopmentoffeudalmonarchy;gradualgrowthof
bureaucracyandcourtspecializationupto13thcentury;England:moreimmediate
developmentofcentralizedgovernmentfollowingNormanConquestin1066;
establishedcentralgovernmentwithsheriffsaslocaladministrators;Franceresponded
in13thcenturywithdevelopmentoftaxation,courtsystemtosupportmilitaryaction
againstEnglish.
Diff:2
PageRef:327-328
Skill:Conceptual
4) HowdidthetheologicaloutlookofwesternEuropechangebetween1000and1400?
Answer: After1000developmentofuniversityledtointellectualinnovation;PeterAbelard
introduceduseoflogictoconsiderdoctrinalissues;resistancefromthoselikeBernardof
Clairvauxwhofavoredmysticismoverrationalism(similartotensionsinIslam);
introductionofclassicalauthorsduring12thcenturyledtogreatersynthesisof
rationalismandtheology;greatestsynthesisachievedbyThomasofAquinas( Summa);
after13thcenturyscholasticismdeteriorated.
Diff:2
PageRef:330-334
Skill:Conceptual
251
5) Whatwerethedevelopmentsthatledtoincreasesinmonarchicpowerattheendofthe
MiddleAges?Howwasroyalauthoritylimited?
Answer: Increases:developmentofsmallnationalarmies;growthoftrainedbureaucracies;
abilitytotax;centralizationoflegalcodesandcourtsystems.Limitations:church could
excommunicatekings,limitpowerofcourts;aristocratsdemandedreciprocalauthority
structure;parliamentscreatedin13thcentury,institutionalizedprincipleof
consultation,gainedrighttoapprovetaxation.
Diff:2
PageRef:324-328
Skill:Conceptual
252
Chapter16 TheAmericasontheEveofInvasion
1) Duringthepostclassicalperiod,societiesintheAmericas
A) remainedinrelativeisolationfromtheothercentersofworldhistory.
B) experiencedtheinitialcontactsthatledeventuallytoEuropeaninvasionoftheNew
World.
C) failedtodevelopimperialformsofgovernment, afailurethatmirroredEuropeansociety.
D) wereunitedunderasinglegovernment.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:346
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTacharacteristicofAzteccivilizationduringthepostclassic
period?
A) Largecitiesbasedonelaboratepoliticalandeconomicorganization
B) Elaborateculturalsystems
C) Monotheism
D) Highlydevelopedagriculture
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:348
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) ThenorthernnomadicpeopleswhoenteredcentralMexicofollowingthedeclineof
TeotihuacanandestablishedacapitalatTulain968werethe
A) Aztecs.
B) Incas.
C) Olmecs.
D) Toltecs.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:346
Topic:PostclassicMesoamerica,1000- 1500
Skill:Factual
253
4) TheAzteccapitalwasestablishedat
A) Teotihuacan.
B) Tula.
C) Tenochtitlan.
D) Twantinsuyu.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:348
Skill:Factual
5) WhatwastherelationshipbetweentheToltecsandtheirpredecessorsincentralMexico?
A) TheformerresidentsofcentralMexicowerewipedoutduringtheToltecinvasions.
B) TheentryoftheToltecsintocentralMexicomarksanabruptbreakinthecultural
developmentoftheregion.
C) TheToltecsadoptedtheanimisticreligionoftheirpredecessors,butfailedtodevelop
citiesorceremonialcenters.
D) TheToltecsadoptedmanyculturalfeaturesfromtheirpredecessorstowhichtheyadded
astrongmilitaryethicandhumansacrifice.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:347
Skill:Conceptual
6) HowdidtheAztecsviewtheculturalachievementsoftheToltecs?
A) Asbarbarianswholackedculture
B) Asslaves,fitonlyforconquest
C) Asthegiversofcivilization
D) Asheretics,whopracticedaforbiddenreligion
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:346-347
Skill:Conceptual
254
7) TheToltecEmpirelasteduntilaboutwhatdate?
A) 1000
B) 1150
C) 1236
D) 1434
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:347
Skill:Factual
8) AfterthesackofTula,thecenterofpopulationandpoliticalpowerinMexicoshiftedto
A) Yucatan.
B) thevalleyofMexicoandtheshoresofachainoflakesinthatbasin.
C) Teotihuacan.
D) Chimor.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:347
Skill:Factual
9) ThepeoplewhosucceededtheToltecsastherulersofcentralMexicowerethe
A) Olmecs.
B) Maya.
C) Incas.
D) Aztecs.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:347
Skill:Factual
10) AroundwhatyeardidtheAztecsmigratetothecentralvalleyofMexico?
A) 1000
B) 1150
C) 1325
D) 1434
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:347
Skill:Factual
255
11) IntheperiodshortlyafterthearrivaloftheAztecsinthevalleyofMexico,whatwasthe
natureofthepoliticalorganizationoftheregion?
A) Imperial
B) Regionalkingdoms
C) City-states
D) Huntingandgatheringgroups
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:348
Skill:Factual
12) WhichofthefollowingwasNOToneofthecitieschallengingfordominanceatthetimeofthe
AztecarrivalinthevalleyofMexico?
A) Teotihuacan
B) Azcapotzalco
C) Culhuacan
D) Texcoco
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:348
Skill:Factual
13) WhatcitydidtheAztecsestablishca.1325onamarshyislandinLakeTexcoco?
A) Teotihuacan
B) Culhuacan
C) Texcoco
D) Tenochtitlan
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:348
Skill:Factual
256
14) InwhatyeardidTenochtitlanemergeasthedominantforceinthecentralplateauthatit
controlledalongwithTexcocoandTlacopan?
A) 1100
B) 1234
C) 1325
D) 1434
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:348
Skill:Factual
15) WhichofthefollowingdidNOToccurasaresultoftheAztecrisetopower?
A) Theincreasingdominanceofthenobility
B) Theemergenceofarulerwithsupremepowers
C) Theabandonmentofhumansacrifice
D) ThesubsequentexpansionofpowerandtheboundariesofAzteccontrol
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:348
Skill:Conceptual
16) WhatwastheimpactofexpansionandconquestontheAztecsocialsystem?
A) Aztecsocietybecamemorehierarchical.
B) ConquestopenedupAztecsocietytoincursionsbytheindigenouspeopleswhobeganto
formatrainedbureaucracy.
C) AztecsocietywastransformedinthesensethattheMexicaadoptedthesocialpatternsof
theMaya.
D) Despitethestressofwarfareandinvasion,theAztecsocietyremainedremarkably
unchangedbytheprocess.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:351
Skill:Conceptual
257
17) Tlalocwasthegodof
A) corn.
B) love.
C) rain.
D) creation.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:349
Skill:Factual
18) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningAztecreligionismostaccurate?
A) Shortlyafterestablishingtheirempire,theAztecsabandonedallgodsotherthantheir
patron,Huitzilopochtli.
B) Aztecdeitieswerenormallyassociatedonlywithmaleforms.
C) Aztecdeitieswerenumerousandhaddifferentformsormanifestationssomewhatlike
theavatarsoftheHindudeities.
D) TherewaslittleornoanimisminthereligiousworldoftheAztecs.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:349
Skill:Conceptual
19) WhichofthefollowingwasNOToneofthemajorthemesorcultsofAztecreligion?
A) Godsoffertilityandtheagriculturalcycle
B) Creatordeities
C) Godsofwarfareandsacrifice
D) Deitiesdevotedtocontemplationandsalvation
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:349
Skill:Conceptual
20) ThecentralfigureofthecultofhumansacrificeandthemostsacreddeityoftheAztecswas
A) Quetzalcoatl.
B) Tlaloc.
C) Tonatiuh.
D) Huitzilopochtli.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:349
Skill:Factual
258
21) WhatwastheAztecviewofhistory?
A) TheybelievedinalinearviewofhistorydedicatedtothepremiseofAztecsuperiority
foreternity.
B) LikeotherMesoamericanpeoples,theAztecsbelievedinacyclicalpatternofrepetitive
destructionsoftheworld.
C) UnlikeotherMesoamericanpeoples,theAztecsrejectedthecyclicalviewofhistoryfora
moremodernhistoricalviewbasedonthehistoryoftheirempire.
D) Becausetheylackedacalendarsystem,theAztecshadnoformalhistoricalviewpoint.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:350
Skill:Conceptual
22) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheAzteccapitalofTenochtitlanisNOT
accurate?
A) Itwasbuiltonanislandinthemiddleofalake
B) By1520itprobablyhadapopulationofabout150,000
C) Despitetheexistenceofthousandsofhousesandothervarietiesofdomesticarchitecture,
unlikeotherMesoamericancitiesitlackedtemplesandpalaces
D) ThecitywasaslargeascontemporaryParis
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:344
Skill:Conceptual
23) TheAztecinnovationinintensiveagricultureintheaquaticenvironmentsofthelakesof
centralMexicowasthedevelopmentof
A) chinampas.
B) pipiltin.
C) quipus.
D) calpulli.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:351
Skill:Factual
259
24) WhatwasthenatureoftheAztececonomy?
A) TheAztecsfailedtodevelopamerchantclass,soalldistributionofgoodswascarried
outbythestate.
B) TheAztecsdevelopedafreemarketeconomyinwhichalltradewasinthehandsof
specializedmerchants.
C) TheAztecstateredistributedmanygoodsreceivedastribute,buttherewasaspecialized
merchantclassthatalsohandledlong-distancetradeinrarecommodities.
D) TherewaslittletradewithinAztecsociety,asalmostallcommunitieswere
self-sufficient.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:351
Skill:Conceptual
25) OneofthemostpermanentfeaturesofAztecsocietywasitsorganizationintoclansor
A) chinampas.
B) pipiltin.
C) quipus.
D) calpulli.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:351
Topic:AztecSocietyinTransition
Skill:Factual
26) Amerchantclasswhichspecializedinlong-distancetradeinluxuryitemswasreferredtoas
the
A) chinampas.
B) pochteca.
C) quipus.
D) calpulli.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:351
Skill:Factual
260
27) WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheAztecviewofmarriageandthefamily?
A) Virginityatmarriagewashighlyregardedforyoungwomen
B) Polygamywascommonthroughoutsociety
C) Marriageswereoftenarrangedbetweenlineages
D) Younggirlswereoftentrainedbytheolderwomenofthecalpulli
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:353
Skill:Conceptual
28) WhilethepositionofAztecwomeninmanywaysparalleledthatofwomeninother
civilizationsatasimilarstageofdevelopment,whatwasthesignificantdifferencebetweenthe
lifeofwomeninMesoamericaandintheMediterraneanworld?
A) WomeninMesoamericaparticipatedfullyinthemilitary.
B) TherewasnopolygamypracticedinMesoamerica.
C) Aztecwomenwereunabletoinheritortopasspropertyontoheirs.
D) ThelimitedtechnologyofMesoamericaconfinedwomentomanymorehoursgrinding
grainforfood.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:353
Skill:Conceptual
29) WhatwasthenatureoftheAztecadministrationofsubjectterritories?
A) TheAztecsplacedmembersoftheAztecnobilityasrulersoversubjectpeoples.
B) AllterritoriesconqueredbytheAztecsbecamepartofasingularadministrationrunbya
trainedbureaucracylocatedinTenochtitlan,muchliketheByzantineEmpire.
C) Conqueredterritorieswereoftenleftrelativelyunchangedundertheiroldrulersaslong
astheyrecognizedAztecsupremacyandpaidtribute.
D) TheAztecsestablishedamilitaryadministrationwithsubjectterritoriescontrolledby
regionalgenerals.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:353
Skill:Conceptual
261
30) WherewastheIncaEmpirebased?
A) Mexico
B) CentralAmerica
C) TheAndeanhighlands
D) Brazil
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:355
Skill:Conceptual
31) WhatwasthecapitalofthecoastalkingdomonChimor?
A) Cusco
B) Tenochtitlan
C) LaPaz
D) Chan-Chan
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:355
Skill:Conceptual
32) WhatwastheprimarydifferenceinthepoliticalsituationbetweentheMesoamericanand
Andeanzonesfollowingthebreakupoftheclassicalstates?
A) InMesoamericatherewasnorealpoliticaldeclineasnewpeoplessimplytookoverthe
institutionsoftheirpredecessors.
B) IntheAndeanzonesanumberofrelativelylargestatescontinuedtobeimportant,rather
thanthebreakdownofpowerthatwastypicalofMesoamerica.
C) TheAndeanpoliticalexperiencelackedthemilitaristicovertonesthataccompaniedthe
breakdownofpowerinMesoamerica.
D) ThetransitionofpowerthattookplaceintheAndeanzonewasaccomplishedby
invasionfromoutsidetheregion.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:355
Topic:Twantinsuyu:WorldoftheIncas
Skill:Conceptual
262
33) ThemostpowerfuloftheAndeanstatesbetween900and1465followingthedeclineof
TihuanacoandHuariwas
A) Chimor.
B) Titicaca.
C) TopacYupanqui.
D) ChichenItza.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:355
Skill:Factual
34) ThecapitaloftheIncaEmpirewas
A) Cuzco
B) ChanChan
C) Tihuanaco
D) ChichenItza
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:356
Skill:Factual
35) TheIncarulerassociatedwiththefirstcreationoftheIncaEmpirein1438was
A) TopacYupanqui.
B) Ahuitzotl.
C) Pachacuti.
D) MoctezumaII.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:356
Skill:Factual
36) WhatdotheauthorssuggestwastheprincipalreasonforIncaconquestandexpansion?
A) Theirneedforhumansacrificialvictims
B) Thepracticeofsplitinheritance
C) TheabsenceofirrigationsystemswithintheIncaEmpire
D) Theexistenceoflong-distancetrademerchantswithintheimperialadministration
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:356
Skill:Conceptual
263
37) WhatwastheIncapracticeofsplitinheritance?
A) Onthedeathofthepreviousruler,thethronepassedtotwodescendantsfromtherulers
family.
B) Onthedeathofthepreviousruler,thefamilyswealthwasequallydividedamongall
maleheirs.
C) Onthedeathofthepreviousruler,theinheritancepassedthroughthefamilyofthe
seniorwifetoheroldestbrother.
D) Allpoliticalpowerandtitleswenttotherulerssuccessor,buthiswealthwaskeptinthe
handsofthemaledescendantstosupportthecultofthedeadIncasmummy.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:356
Skill:Conceptual
38) ThereligiouspracticemostcloselyassociatedwiththestateandthepersonoftheIncain
Andeancivilizationwasthecultof
A) humansacrifice.
B) theraingod.
C) thesun.
D) Quetzalcoatl.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:356
Skill:Factual
39) WhichofthefollowingwasutilizedintheIncaEmpire,butNOTbytheAztecs?
A) Asemi-divineemperor
B) Extensiveuseofcolonization
C) Useoflocalrulersinexchangeforrecognitionofsovereignty
D) Identificationofthenobilitywiththeadministrativeandmilitaryfunctionsofthestate
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:358
Skill:Conceptual
264
40) WhichofthefollowingexistedintheAztecEmpire,butNOTintheIncaEmpire?
A) Atributesystem
B) Redistributionoftributebythestate
C) Extractionoflaborforuseontempleprojects
D) Anextensivemerchantclass
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:358-359
Skill:Conceptual
41) WhatwastheAndeanprincipleofinheritance?
A) Matrilineal,inheritancepassinginthefemaleline
B) Patrilineal,inheritancepassinginthemaleline
C) Paralleldescent,orinheritancepassinginboththemaleandfemalelines
D) Everythingpassingtothemonarch
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:358
Skill:Factual
42) Tamboswere
A) laborturnsexactedbytheIncaauthorities.
B) knottedstringsusedforrecordkeeping.
C) localrulers.
D) waystationsalongroadsintheIncaEmpire.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:358
Skill:Factual
43) TheIncanobilitywere
A) drawnfrom10royalayllusandthecityofCuzco.
B) drawnfromthenobleayllusoftheconqueredpopulation.
C) notdistinguishedfromthecommonersbyappearanceordress.
D) oftencommonerswhodistinguishedthemselvesinbattle.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:359
Skill:Conceptual
265
44) WhichofthefollowingrepresentsaculturaldifferencebetweentheIncasandAztecs?
A) Monumentalarchitecture
B) Nopracticaluseofthewheel
C) Lackofawritingsystem
D) Beautifulpotteryandcloth
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:360-361
Skill:Conceptual
45) Intermsoftheintegrationofacentralizedempire,howdidtheIncasandAztecscompare?
A) TheAztecsandIncasbothmadelittleattempttointegrateconqueredterritoriesand
permittedself-ruleinreturnforloyaltyandtribute.
B) TheAztecsweremoreadvancedthantheIncasinconsolidatingtheirgovernmentintoan
integratedunit.
C) TheIncasattemptedtocreateanover-archingpoliticalstateandmadeconscious
attemptstointegratetheirempireasaunit,whiletheAztecsdidlessinthisregard.
D) BoththeIncasandtheAztecscreatedfullyintegratedempirescompletewithcentral
bureaucraciesandmilitaryadministrativeunitsthatcontrolledallconqueredregions.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:361
Skill:Conceptual
46) WhichofthefollowingrepresentsasignificantdifferencebetweentheAndeanand
Mesoamericancivilizations?
A) Climateandgeography
B) Kin-basedsocialgroups
C) Sedentaryagriculturalsystems
D) Theexistenceofanobility
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:361-362
Skill:Conceptual
266
47) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthepopulationoftheAmericasismosttrue?
A) ThepopulationoftheAmericasiseasytocalculate.
B) NorthAmericawasmoredenselypopulatedthanMesoamericaortheAndes.
C) ThepopulationoftheAmericaswasnearlythesameasthatofcontemporaryEurope
(notincludingRussia).
D) Theearly20th-centuryestimateof8.4millionstillseemsthemostaccurate.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:362
Topic:TheOtherIndians
Skill:Conceptual
48) By1500,agriculturewas
A) largelydiffusedthroughouttheAmericas,althoughnotalwaysinsedentaryagricultural
communities.
B) virtuallyunknownoutsideoftheAndeanandMesoamericancivilizationzones.
C) practicedinsedentarycommunitiesthroughouttheAmericas.
D) practicedinsedentarycommunitiesandbynomadicpastoraliststhroughoutthe
Americas.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:363
Skill:Conceptual
49) WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTrepresentacharacteristicofmostIndiansocietiesotherthan
theAndeanandMesoamericancivilizations?
A) Stronglykin-basedsocieties
B) Wealthasthebasisofsocialranking
C) Communalactionandownershipofresources
D) Importantsocialandpoliticalrolesforwomen
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:363
Skill:Conceptual
267
EssayQuestions
1) InwhatwaysdidtheAztecscontinuethecultureoftheclassicalMesoamericancivilization
andtheToltecs?
Answer: Toltecsconsideredgiversofcivilization;sharedsamelanguage;useofhumansacrifice;
establishmentofempirecenteredoncentralMexico;militarismofsociety;conceptof
nobilitytiedtoTolteclineageinitially;useofcity-stateorganization;templecomplexes
associatedwithstate;manydeitiesofpantheonofgods(Tlaloc,Quetzalcoatl);tribute
basedonsedentaryagriculturalsystem;cyclicalviewofhistoryandcalendarsystem.
Diff:2
PageRef:346-348
Skill:Conceptual
2) DescribeAztecsocialorganization.
Answer: Attopwasemperorwhowasheldtobesemi-divine;nobilityorpipiltindevelopedafter
earlyconquest,separatedthemselvesfromclangroups(calpulli),associatedwith
priesthoodandmilitary;largemassofcommonersgroupsin calpulli,landdistributedby
clanheads,providedtribute,labortotemples;classofserfsassociatedwithlandsof
nobility;scribes,artisans,healers;long-distancemerchants(pochteca).
Diff:2
PageRef:351-353
Skill:Conceptual
3) CompareandcontrasttheIncaandAztecempiresintermsofpoliticaladministration.
Answer: Similarities:eachhademperorsupportedbynobilitythatservedaspersonnelofstate;
bothbasedontributesystemwithimperialredistributionofgoods;bothwere
militaristic;eachrecognizedindigenousrulersinreturnforrecognitionofimperial
sovereignty.Differences:IncaEmpiremoreintegrated;AztecEmpirebasedmoreon
conceptofcity-states;AztecEmpiremoreopentotrade;IncaEmpirealmostentirely
reliedonstateredistributionofgoods;Aztecuseofhumansacrificeasweaponof
politicalterror.
Diff:2
PageRef:353-363
Skill:Conceptual
4) HowdidtheIndianculturesoutsidetheAndeanandMesoamericancivilizationzonescontrast
inpoliticalandsocialorganizationwiththeAztecandIncaempires?
Answer: Lackofstateformation;existenceofalllevelsofsocialcomplexityfromlargechiefdoms
tohuntingandgatheringgroups;greaterrelianceonstrictlykin -basedsocial
organization;tendencytocommunalownershipofresources;wealthnotabasisfor
socialstatus;womenheldpositionsofgreaterpoliticalandsocialimportance;less
dependenceonsedentaryformsofagriculture;vastlylessdemographicdensity;lackof
monumentalarchitecture(withsomeexceptions).
Diff:2
PageRef:362-364
Skill:Conceptual
268
5) Howhavehistoriansexplainedtheexistenceandprevalenceofhumansacrificeamongthe
Aztecs?
Answer: ItwasgreatlyexaggeratedbytheSpanishasameansofvalidatingEuropeanconquest
andculturalsuperiority;itwasareligiousactessentialtothegrantofrain,sun,and
otherblessingsofthegods;itwasanintentionaluseofawidespreadpracticeto
terrorizetheirneighborsandtokeepthelowerclassessubordinate;itwasaformof
populationcontroltolowerpopulationdensity;itwasaresponsetoalackofprotein
andtheabsenceoflargemammalsassociatedwithanimalsacrifice.
Diff:2
PageRef:360-361
Skill:Conceptual
269
Chapter17 ReunificationandRenaissanceinChinese
Civilization:TheEraoftheTangand
SongDynasties
1) WhatwasthecapitaloftheSongrulers?
A) Peking
B) Hangzhou
C) Jurchen
D) Xian
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:366
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
2) HowdidWendiwinwidespreadsupport?
A) Byincreasingtaxes
B) Byloweringtaxesandestablishinggranariesthroughouthisdomain
C) BysupportingtheChoudynasty
D) BymovingthecapitaltoBeijing
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:369
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) Thedynastythatemergedattheendofthe6thcenturywasthe
A) Tang.
B) Chou.
C) Song.
D) Sui.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:367
Topic:RebuildingtheImperialEdificeintheSui-TangEra
Skill:Factual
270
4) WhokilledWendi?
A) Hisson,Yangdi
B) TheChou
C) ABuddhistmonk
D) NomadicpeopleswhoconquerednorthChina
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:369
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhatmadepossibletherapidrevivalofempireundertheTang?
A) TheabandonmentofConfucianisminfavorofthemorewidelypracticedBuddhism
B) Thebrevityoftheperiodofpoliticaldislocation
C) ThewillingnessoftheTangtoabandontraditionalapproachestogovernment
D) ThepreservationinthemanykingdomsoftheConfuciantraditionsthathadbeencentral
toChinesecivilization
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:370
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
6) ThemanresponsibleforthecreationoftheSuidynastywas
A) Xuanzong.
B) YangGuifei.
C) Wendi.
D) LiYuan.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:367
Skill:Factual
7) WhatmadethereunificationofChinaunderthefirstSuiemperorpossible?
A) Thesupportofthenomadicwarriorelite
B) ThesupportoftheethnicChinesearistocracy
C) ThesupportoftheBuddhistmonasteries
D) ThesupportoftheConfucianscholar-gentry
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:368
Skill:Conceptual
271
8) WhatwastheprimaryreformenactedduringthereignofthefirstSuiemperor?
A) ThereconstructionoftheConfucianscholar-gentry
B) PersecutionoftheBuddhists
C) Thecreationofgranariestorelievethethreatoffamine
D) TheconstructionoftheGrandCanal
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:369
Skill:Factual
9) Unlikehisfather,thesecondSuiemperorfavored
A) theConfucianscholar-gentry.
B) thegreatChinesearistocraticfamilies.
C) theBuddhists.
D) nomadicelementsinnorthernChina.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:369
Skill:Conceptual
10) WhatledtothedownfalloftheSuidynasty?
A) Nomadicinvasions
B) Excessiveexpensesassociatedwithgrandiosebuildingprojectsandmilitarycampaigns
C) WidespreadBuddhistrebellion
D) ThedissatisfactionoftheConfucianscholar-gentry
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:369
Skill:Conceptual
11) WhowasthefounderoftheTangdynasty?
A) Yangdi
B) LiBo
C) LiYuan
D) ZhaoKuangyin
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:369
Skill:Factual
272
12) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheextentoftheTangEmpireismostaccurate?
A) TheTangextendedtheempireinalldirectionsexceptwestward,wheretheTurks
remainedentirelyindependentoftheChineseemperor.
B) TheTangEmpirewasunabletorecovertheterritorialextentoftheHan,butdidrecover
northernareasfromthenomads.
C) TheTangEmpireincorporatedIndiaandsoutheastAsia,aswellastheareasnorthofthe
YellowRiverplain.
D) TheTangbuiltanempirethatwasfarlargerthanthatoftheearlyHan,anempirewhose
boundariesinmanydirectionsextendedbeyondthebordersofmodernChina.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:370
Skill:Conceptual
13) WhatwastheattitudeoftheTangemperorstowardtheConfucianscholar -gentry?

A) TheTangcontinuedtosupportandpatronizethegrowthofBuddhisminChinaatthe
expenseoftheConfucianscholar-gentry.
B) TheTangsupportedtheresuscitationoftheConfucianscholar-gentry,oftenatthe
expenseofthearistocracy.
C) TheTangfearedthedevelopmentofthescholar-gentryandcontinuedtosupportthe
nomadicaristocracyofChina.
D) ConfucianismcontinuedtowaneduringtheTangdynastyandwasonlyresuscitated
undertheSong.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:370
Skill:Conceptual
14) Whatministryofthecentralimperialgovernmentwasresponsiblefortheadministrationof
theexaminationsystem?
A) Rites
B) Publicworks
C) Justice
D) War
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:370
Skill:Factual
273
15) Thetitleofjinshiwasreservedforthosewho
A) weremembersoftheChinesearistocracy.
B) servedintheChinesemilitary.
C) weremembersoftheimperialfamily.
D) passedthemostdifficultexamsonallofChineseliterature.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:371
Skill:Factual
16) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningentryintotheChinesebureaucracyismost
accurate?
A) Althoughahigherpercentageofcandidatesreceivedofficethroughtheexamination
systemthanduringtheHandynasty,birthcontinuedtobeimportantinsecuringhigh
office.
B) UndertheTangfamilyconnectionsceasedtobeofsignificance,asallcandidates
receivedofficebasedontheirscoreintheexaminationsystem.
C) Althoughtheexaminationsystemcontinuedtobemonitored,almostallofficialreceived
positionsasaresultoffamilyconnections.
D) TheexaminationsystemwaseliminatedduringtheTangdynasty,andonlymembersof
theimperialfamilyservedinthebureaucracy.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:371
Skill:Conceptual
17) MembersoftheeliteclassofChinaweremoreattractedtowhatvariantofBuddhism?
A) Legalist
B) PureLand
C) Chan
D) Daoist
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:372
Skill:Factual
274
18) WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsofPureLandBuddhismisNOTaccurate?
A) ItwasastrainofMahayanaBuddhism
B) Itstressedmeditationandtheappreciationofnaturalandartisticbeauty
C) ItappealedtomembersofthemassofChinesecommoners
D) ItwasasalvationistvariantofBuddhism
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:372
Skill:Conceptual
19) WhatTangruleractuallyattemptedtohaveBuddhismrecognizedasastatereligion?
A) Yangdi
B) Wendi
C) Gaozu
D) EmpressWu
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:372
Skill:Factual
20) WhatprovedtobethemostdamagingattackonBuddhismspopularitywiththepeople
duringtheearlyTangdynasty?
A) TheBuddhistsinsistenceonrebellionagainsttheemperor
B) TheConfucianssuccessfulcampaigntoconvincetheemperorthattheBuddhist
monasticestablishmentrepresentedaneconomicthreat
C) ThearistocracysconcernthatthegrowingBuddhistmonasticestablishmentwas
monopolizinglandthatotherwisewouldbelongtothem
D) TheentryofnomadicinvaderswhowereIslamicduringthe9thcentury
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:373
Skill:Conceptual
275
21) InwhatdecadedidopenpersecutionofBuddhismwithintheChineseEmpirebegin?
A) 720s
B) 790s
C) 840s
D) 910s
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:373
Skill:Factual
22) WhatwastheresultoftheimperialattempttosuppressBuddhismwithintheChineseempire?
A) DespiteofficialattemptstosuppressBuddhism,monasticorderscontinuedtoexert
politicalinfluenceandcontrollandedwealthastheydidinthefirstdecadesofTangrule.
B) Buddhismsurvivedthebriefimperialpersecutionandwasrestoredastheprimary
religionofthestateduringtheSongdynasty.
C) Buddhismsurvivedtherepression,butinareducedstatewithoutthepoliticalinfluence
oftheearlyTangyears.
D) BuddhismwaseradicatedinChinabytheendoftheTangeraandreplacedbythe
traditionalDaoistandConfucianbeliefs.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:373
Skill:Conceptual
23) WhatwastheimpactonConfucianismoftheTangrepressionoftheBuddhists?
A) ConfucianismemergedasthecentralideologyofChinesecivilizationuntilthe20th
century.
B) Confucianismemergedinastrengthenedcondition,butstillremainedbehindBuddhism
inthesenseofprovidingabasisfortheintellectualrationaleofChinesecivilization.
C) BecauseConfucianscholar-gentrywereassociatedwiththepersecution,Confucianism
failedtogeneratemuchpopularsupportoutsidetheimperialgovernment.
D) Confucianism,likeBuddhism,declinedinpopularity,anditsplacewastakenby
Daoism.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:373
Skill:Conceptual
276
24) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTawomanwhogainedinfluenceandpowerduringthelater
yearsoftheTangdynasty?
A) Wu
B) Wei
C) YangGuifei
D) Xuanzong
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:374
Topic:TangDeclineandtheRiseoftheSong
Skill:Factual
25) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaproblemduringthelastyearsoftheTangdynasty?
A) TherevoltofAnLushan
B) TheentryofnomadsintolargeareasofthenorthernChinaplain
C) TheHuang-chaorebellion
D) ABuddhistrebellioninsouthernChina
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:374
Skill:Conceptual
26) WhowasthefounderoftheSongdynasty?
A) ZhaoKuangyin
B) Xuanzong
C) LiBo,DukeofSong
D) Xi-Xia
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:375
Skill:Factual
27) ThefirstSongemperorrestoredtheunityofChinaEXCEPTforwhatnortherndynasty?
A) Jurchen
B) Silla
C) Liao
D) Hangzhou
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:375
Skill:Factual
277
28) HowdidtheSongEmpirecomparetotheTang?
A) TheSongEmpirewasgreaterinterritorialextentthantheTangEmpire.
B) TheSongEmpireandtheTangEmpirewerevirtuallyidenticalinterritorialextent.
C) TheSongEmpirewassmallerinterritorialextentthantheTangEmpire.
D) Althoughapproximatelythesamesize,theSongEmpireextendedfarthernorththanthe
Tang.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:375-376
Skill:Conceptual
29) WhataccountsfortherelativeweaknessoftheSongEmpire?
A) ItneversucceededinachievingthedegreeofcentralizationthathadtypifiedtheTang
Empire.
B) Thescholar-gentryquicklylostinfluenceundertheSong,andthebureaucracyceasedto
functioneffectively.
C) LackofagriculturalproductivityproducedageneralfailureoftheChineseeconomy
duringtheSongdynasty.
D) Themilitarywassubordinatedtothecivilianadministratorsofthescholar-gentry,
leavingthedynastyvulnerabletonomadicdynastiesonthefrontier.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:375-376
Skill:Conceptual
30) Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribesthepositionofthescholar-gentry
undertheSongdynasty?
A) TheConfucianscholar-gentrycontinuedtoexist,buttheexaminationsystemweakened
noticeablycausingtheimperialbureaucracytodependmoreandmoreonthe
aristocracy.
B) Theascendancyofthescholar-gentryoveritsaristocraticandBuddhistrivalswasfully
securedintheSongera.
C) TheSongemperorscametorelyincreasinglyonthemilitaryasdefenseoftheborders
placedlessemphasisontheroleofintellectualideologyandmoreonwarfare.
D) TheSongcontinuedtorelyontheConfucianscholar-gentry,butmorerigorous
examinationsystemsresultedinfewermenenteringthecivilserviceasaresultof
education.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:375-376
Skill:Conceptual
278
31) WhowasthemostprominentoftheNeo-ConfuciansduringtheSongera?
A) LiBo
B) YangGuifei
C) Hangzhou
D) ZhuXi
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:376
Skill:Factual
32) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaneventualimpactofthedevelopmentofNeo-Confucian
schoolsofthought?
A) HostilitytoforeignphilosophicalsystemslikeBuddhism
B) Thestiflingofinnovationandcriticalthinkinginfavoroftraditionalism
C) DestructionoftheMandarins
D) Reinforcementofclass,age,andgenderdistinctions
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:376
Skill:Conceptual
33) WangAnshi,aprimeministerinthe1070sand1080s,attemptedtoreformSonggovernment
onthebasisofwhatConfucianschoolofthought?
A) Daoism
B) Shiism
C) Constructionism
D) Legalism
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:376
Skill:Factual
279
34) WhichofthefollowingwasNOToneofthereformsintroducedbyWangAnshininthefaceof
conservativeopposition?
A) Theintroductionofgovernment-assistedirrigationprojectstoencourageagricultural
expansion
B) Taxationofthelandlordandscholarlyclasses
C) Theestablishmentofwell-trainedmercenaryforces
D) Theendoftributepaymentstonomadicdynastiesonthenorthernborder
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:376-377
Skill:Conceptual
35) WhatcausedtheflightoftheSongdynastyfromtheircapitalinnorthernChina?
A) TheinvasionsoftheJurchenswhohadformedtheQinkingdom
B) TheHuang-chaorebellion
C) Arebellionledbyanomadicgeneral,AnLushan
D) ExtensivefloodingintheYellowRiverbasin
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:377
Skill:Conceptual
36) WhywastheconstructionoftheGrandCanalnecessary?
A) MajorriversystemsinChinaranfromnorthtosouth,andthecanalwasnecessaryto
connectthecoastalregionswiththewesternfrontier.
B) Chinesepopulationwasincreasinglyconcentratedalongthenorthernplainsalongthe
YangziRiver.
C) TheYangziRivervalleywasbecomingthemajorfood-producingregionofChinabythe
lateTangera.
D) ThecanalconnectedtheTangcapitalsofsouthernChina, ChanganandLoyang,withthe
newlyacquiredregionsinthenorth.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:378
Topic:TangandSongProsperity:theBasisofaGoldenAge
Skill:Conceptual
280
37) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaneconomicdevelopmentduringtheperiodofcommercial
expansionduringtheTangandSongdynasties?
A) TradeincreasinglycarriedbyChineseshipsandsailors
B) Enlargedmarketquartersfoundinallcitiesandmajortowns
C) Growingsophisticationincommercialorganizationandformsofcredit
D) Militarydominationoftheseas
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:378
Skill:Conceptual
38) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningurbanizationinChinaduringtheTang -Song

eraismostaccurate?
A) ChineseurbanizationwaspronouncedinnorthernChina,butlaggedinsouthernChina.
B) Theimperialcapitalswereenormous,buttherewerefewotherChinesecitiesofsize.
C) ThedegreeofurbanizationreachedduringtheHandynastywasneverachievedduring
theTang-Songera,althoughsomerecoveryofcitiesaccompaniedthecommercial
revival.
D) ChineseurbanizationmushroomedduringtheTang-Songerawithahigherproportion
ofthepopulationlivingincitiesthanthatfoundinanyothercontemporarycivilization.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:379
Skill:Conceptual
39) WhatportionofthepopulationlivedinlargecitiesduringtheSongdynasty?
A) 10percent
B) 20percent
C) 30percent
D) 40percent
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:379
Skill:Factual
281
40) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaresultoftheagriculturalpoliciesoftheSuiandTang
emperors?
A) Numbersoffreepeasantryincreased
B) Thescholar-gentrywereremovedaslandlords
C) Fortunesoftheoldaristocraticfamiliesdeclined
D) Landsweredistributedmoreequitablytothefreepeasanthouseholdsoftheempire
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:379
Skill:Conceptual
41) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutChineselandscapepaintingismostaccurate?
A) LandscapepaintingwasvirtuallyunknownuntilaftertheMongolinvasions.
B) AsintheWest,landscapepaintingwasthespecialskillofthemilitaryelite.
C) MembersoftherulingpoliticaleliteinChinaproducedmanyofthepaintingsinthe
Songera.
D) Songsubsidiestoforeignpaintersresultedintheproductionofmagnificentlandscapes.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:383
Skill:Conceptual
42) InwhatwaydidfootbindingservetodiminishtheindependenceofChinesewomenbythe
endoftheSongera?
A) Becausefootbindingcouldonlybeaffordedbytheelite,poorerwomenwereassignedto
alowersocialstatus.
B) Footbindingsufficientlycrippledwomentoeffectivelyconfinetheirmobilitytotheir
household.
C) Asfootbindingwasrequiredinordertopracticecertainprofessions,Chinesewomen
foundthatoccupationalalternativeswerediminished.
D) Footbinding,althoughconsideredsociallyattractive,wascondemnedby
Neo-ConfucianswhousedthepracticeasameansofrelegatingChinesewomento
subordinateroles.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:382
Skill:Conceptual
282
43) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTatechnologicalinnovationoftheTang -Songera?

A) Gunpowder
B) Abacus
C) Paper
D) Complexbridges
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:384
Skill:Factual
44) Whichofthefollowingintellectualschoolswasresponsiblefortheproductionofmostliterary
andartisticworksduringtheTang-Songera?
A) Confucian
B) Daoist
C) PureLandBuddhist
D) ChanBuddhist
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:384
Skill:Conceptual
45) WhatgroupwasresponsibleforthefallofthesouthernSongdynastyin1279?
A) Jurchens
B) Tanguts
C) Liao
D) Mongols
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:386
Topic:Conclusion:TheEndoftheSong,theLegacyofTwoGreatDynasties
Skill:Factual
283
46) Whatwastheprimarydifferencebetweenmarriagesoftheupperandlowerclassesin
Tang-SongChina?
A) Intheupperclasses,malesfrequentlymarriedfemalesofayoungergeneration.
B) Amongmembersofthelowerclasses,marriagestendedtobeconsummatedatanearlier
agethanamongmembersoftheelite.
C) Membersoftheeliteoftenmarriedbeforetheageofpuberty.
D) Householdsofthelowerclassestendednottobepatriarchal.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:381
Skill:Conceptual
47) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthestatusofwomenintheTang -Songerais

mostaccurate?
A) Tang-Songlawrecognizednowomensrights.
B) TheconditionofwomeningeneralimprovedduringtheTang-Songera.
C) Theassertionofmaledominancewithinthefamilyandbeyondwasespecially
pronouncedinthethinkingoftheNeo-Confucianphilosophers.
D) ThespreadofBuddhismprovidedwomenwithgreateropportunitiesandcareer
alternativeswithinthemonasticmovement.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:381
Skill:Conceptual
48) Whatartisanwasresponsibleforthedevelopmentofmovabletype?
A) LiBo
B) BiSheng
C) Gaozu
D) ZhuXi
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:384
Skill:Factual
284
49) TheoutstandingpoetoftheTangerawas
A) LiBo.
B) BiSheng.
C) Gaozu.
D) ZhuXi.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:385
Skill:Factual
50) DuringtheSongdynastytheinterestofConfucianintellectualsinnaturewasmostapparentin
theirproductionof
A) riddles.
B) devotionalobjects.
C) religioushomilies.
D) landscapepaintings.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:385
Skill:Factual
EssayQuestions
1) ContrasttheEraofDivisionwiththeSui-Tangera.
Answer: EraofDivision:dominatedbypoliticaldivisionamongmanysmallwarringstatesoften
ruledbynomadicinvaders;periodofBuddhistdominance;growthofmonastic
movement;lossofimperialcentralization;lossofdominanceofscholar-gentryinfavor
ofmilitarizedaristocracy.Sui-Tang:returntocentralizedadministration,unified
empire;reconstructionofbureaucracy;reconstructionofConfucianscholar-gentryat
expenseofbothBuddhistsandaristocracy;restorationofConfucianismascentral
ideologyofstate.
Diff:2
PageRef:367-371
Skill:Conceptual
2) ExplainthedeclineofBuddhisminthelaterTangandSongdynasties.
Answer: Restorationofimperialgovernmentimpliedstrengtheningoftraditionalschoolsof
Confucianismandresuscitationofscholar-gentry;ConfuciansattackedBuddhismasa
foreigninnovationinChina;convincedemperorsthatmonasticcontrolofland
representedaneconomicthreat;persecutionofBuddhistsintroducedin840s.
Diff:2
PageRef:372-379
Skill:Conceptual
285
3) CompareandcontrasttheempireundertheTangandtheSongdynasties.
Answer: Similarities:continuedintellectualandpoliticaldominanceofConfucian
scholar-gentry;growthofbureaucracyessentialtoimperialadministration.Differences:
smallerinsize;unabletocontrolnomadicdynastiesofthenorth;paymentoftributeto
nomadicstates;militarydeclinewithsubjectionofaristocracytoscholar -gentry;failure
ofWangAnshisreformsledtomilitarydefeat.
Diff:2
PageRef:367-379
Skill:Conceptual
4) WhatweretheelementsofTang-Songeconomicprosperity?
Answer: ThefullincorporationofsouthernChinaintotheeconomyasamajorfood-producing
region,centeroftrade;commercialexpansionwithWest,southernAsia,southeastAsia;
establishmentofChinesemerchantmarine;developmentofnewcommercial
organizationandcredittechniques;improvedagriculturalproductivitywithexpansion
ofacreage,greaterproductionperacre;expandedurbanizationthroughoutChina.
Diff:2
PageRef:377-378
Skill:Conceptual
5) InwhatwaysdidtheChineseEmpireduringtheTang -Songeradepartfromprevious
developmentsinChinesecivilization?
Answer: FullincorporationofsouthernChinaintoeconomy;dominanceofsouthas
food-producingregion,centerofpopulation,politicalcapitalofsouthernSong;decline
ofinfluenceofBuddhism;increasingtrendtowardintellectualandtechnological
isolation;extraordinarylevelofurbanization,upto10percentofpopulation;levelof
technology.
Diff:2
PageRef:386
Topic:Conclusion:TheEndoftheSong:theLegacyofTwoGreatDynasties
Skill:Conceptual
286
Chapter18 TheSpreadofChineseCivilization:Japan,
Korea,andVietnam
1) WhatregionsofAsiaweremostdrawntoChineseculturalandpoliticalmodels?
A) Theagrariansocieties
B) Thenomadicsocietiesonthenorth
C) IndianizedpeoplesofsoutheastAsia
D) TheislandsocietiesofthePacificrim
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:389
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
2) WhichofthefollowingwasLEASTinfluencedbyChinesecivilization?
A) Korea
B) Vietnam
C) India
D) Japan
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:389
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhenwasChinaspeakinfluenceonJapan?
A) 3rdcenturyB.C.E.
B) 1stcenturyB.C.E.
C) 2ndand3rdcenturiesC.E.
D) 7thand8thcenturiesC.E.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:390
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
287
4) WhatisthenameofthenaturespiritsofJapan?
A) Hapu
B) Kami
C) Hara-kiri
D) Genji
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:390
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
5) WhatreligionplayedakeyroleinthetransmissionofChinesecivilizationtoJapan?
A) Buddhism
B) Daoism
C) Islam
D) Christianity
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:390
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
6) Whatwerethereformsenactedin646thatintendedtothoroughlyincorporateChineseculture
andpoliticalstructureintoJapanesesociety?
A) Onin
B) Gempei
C) Taika
D) Yoritomo
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:390
Topic:Japan:TheImperialAge
Skill:Factual
7) Whatwasthecentralpurposeofthereformsof646inJapan?
A) ToremaketheJapanesemonarchintoanabsolutistChinese-styleemperor
B) TodestroytheConfucianscholar-gentryinfavorofamilitaryaristocracy
C) ToincreasethepoweroftheBuddhistmonasticstructure
D) Thedestructionofthetraditionalpeasant-conscriptarmy
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:390
Skill:Conceptual
288
8) WhatgroupsothreatenedthesecurityoftheJapaneseimperialcourtinthe8thcenturythat
theimperialfamilymovedtoHeian?
A) Thearistocracy
B) Buddhistmonks
C) Thepeasantry
D) NomadicinvadersfromManchuria
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:391
Skill:Factual
9) WhatwastheimmediateimpactoftheimperialmovetoHeian?
A) BuddhismceasedtoplayamajorroleinJapanesesociety.
B) Thescholar-gentrywasabletoassertitselfthroughthestatesacceptanceofaformal
examinationsystemmodeledontheChinesebureaucracy.
C) ThearistocracywasrestoredtocounterbalancethepoweroftheBuddhistmonasteries
andtookovermostofthepositionsinthecentralgovernment.
D) ShintoismwasformallysuppressedfollowingthemarriageofEmpressKokentoa
formermonk.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:391
Skill:Conceptual
10) WhatwasthemilitaryorganizationoftheHeiangovernmentinJapan?
A) Theemperorformalizedthecreationofapeasant-conscriptarmyonthemodelofthe
Chinese.
B) TheemperoracceptedtheintroductionofChinesetroopsasthebasisfortheJapanese
army.
C) Formalmilitaryorganizationwasabandonedbecauseofthesecuritytheemperor
perceivedfollowingthedefeatofaChinesenavy.
D) Localmembersofthearistocracywereorderedtoorganizemilitiaforcesthateventually
playedacriticalroleerodingthecontroloftheimperialgovernment.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:394
Skill:Conceptual
289
11) LifeintheimperialcourtatHeianwasdescribedinwhatJapanesenovel?
A) AshikageAnalects
B) TaleofGenji
C) MirrorofLadyMurasaki
D) RomanceoftheRose
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:392
Skill:Factual
12) WhatappearstohavebeentheprimaryconcernsattheimperialJapanesecourtatHeian?
A) Militaryexercise
B) Scienceandtechnology
C) Socialconventionsandoriginalverse
D) Commerce
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:392
Skill:Conceptual
13) Bythemiddleofthe9thcentury,whataristocraticfamilyexertedexceptionalinfluenceover
imperialaffairsattheJapanesecourtatHeian?
A) Minamoto
B) Fujiwara
C) Taira
D) Yoritomo
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:393
Skill:Factual
14) Warriorleadersinthe10thcenturyinJapanwhocontrolledprovincialareasandruledfrom
smallfortressesinthecountrysidewerecalled
A) bushi.
B) samurai.
C) kata.
D) seppuku.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:394
Skill:Factual
290
15) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheriseofaprovincialmilitaryeliteduringthe
10thcenturyinJapanisNOTcorrect?
A) Provincialelitefamiliesoftenarosefromlocallandowners,estatemanagers,orlocalstate
officials.
B) Theprovincialelitecametocontrollandandlaborlocallyandtodenytheseresourcesto
theimperialcourt.
C) Theriseoftheprovincialelitecorrespondedtotherecoveryoftheimperialgovernment
anditsoverthrowofthearistocracyofthecourt.
D) Withintheirlittlekingdoms,warriorleadersadministeredlaw,supervisedpublicworks
projects,andcollectedrevenue.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:394
Skill:Conceptual
16) Mountedtroopsowingloyaltytothemilitaryelitewerecalled
A) bushi.
B) samurai.
C) kata.
D) yoritomo.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:394
Skill:Factual
17) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtherelationshipoftheimperialcourttothe
provincialmilitaryeliteismostaccurate?
A) Theprovincialmilitaryelitewaskeptincheckbythecontinueddevelopmentofthe
imperialpeasant-conscriptarmy.
B) Theprovincialmilitaryelitewasrapidlysubjectedtothearistocraticarmiesofthe
imperialcourt.
C) Intheabsenceofanimperialmilitaryforce,lawandorderbrokedownleadingboththe
emperorandhighofficialstohireprovinciallordsandtheirmilitaryretainers.
D) TheemperorcreatedanalliancewiththeChinesethatpermittedhimtocrushthe
regionalmilitarylords.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:394
Skill:Conceptual
291
18) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthenatureofwarfareamongthe bushiismost

accurate?
A) Thebushidependedoninfantrytactics,equippingthesamurai initiallywithlongspears.
B) Theintroductionofgunpowderinthe11thcenturyallowedthebushitorelyoncannons
androcketsastheirprimarymeansofassault.
C) BattlesdependedontheJapanesephalanxofmountedsamurai andmassedassaults
predicatedonthewillingnessoftheretainerstosacrificethemselvesfortheirleaders.
D) Battleshingedonman-to-manduelsofgreatchampionstypicaloftheheroicstageof
warfare.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:394
Skill:Conceptual
19) Whatwastheimpactoftheriseofthesamurai onthepeasantryinJapan?

A) Japanesepeasantswerereducedtothestatusofserfsboundtothelandtheyworked.
B) Thesamuraiwerecriticaltothedevelopmentofafreepeasantryonwhichthewarriors
dependedforsuppliesoffoodandarms.
C) Thecreationofthesamurai createdaperiodofgreatsocialmobilityinJapanduring
whichpeoplerapidlymovedoutofthepeasantryandintotheclassofwarriors.
D) Althoughseparatedfromthewarriorsbyrigidclassbarriers,thepeasantryachieved
greaterlevelsofpersonalfreedomandeconomicprosperity.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:395
Skill:Conceptual
20) Bythe11thand12thcenturies,whatwasthestatusoftheJapanesecourtaristocracy?
A) Theycontinuedtodominatetheimperialgovernmentandtodependontheiralliance
withtheBuddhistmonasteries.
B) Aristocraticfamiliesatthecourtdependedonallianceswiththeprovincialwarriorelite
inordertoexerciseanypower.
C) Theresuscitationoftheemperorledtothedestructionofthecourtaristocracyandthe
suppressionoftheregionalwarriorelite.
D) Thecourtaristocracysucceededbythe11thcenturyinsettingasidetheemperorinfavor
ofregionalizedgovernment.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:395
Topic:TheEraofWarriorDominance
Skill:Conceptual
292
21) Between1180and1185thestrugglebetweenthetwomajorprovincialfamilies ,theTairaand

theMinamoto,weredecidedinwhatwars?
A) Onin
B) Koguryo
C) Gempei
D) Murasaki
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:395
Skill:Factual
22) ThevictoryoftheMinamotoin1185ledtothecreationof
A) thebakufu,ormilitarygovernmentatKamakura.
B) theAshikagaShogunate.
C) theTokugawaShogunate.
D) theimperialgovernmentatHeian(Kyoto).
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:395
Skill:Factual
23) ThevictoryoftheMinamotomarksthebeginningofwhatperiodinJapanesehistory?
A) ThecentralizedConfucianbureaucracy
B) Thefeudalage
C) TheOninwars
D) TheTokugawaShogunate
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:395
Skill:Conceptual
293
24) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaresultofthegrowthofpoweroftheprovincialwarrior
elite?
A) TherelevanceofChineseprecedentsandinstitutionstotheJapanesediminished.
B) TheConfucianpreceptthatwarriorsshoulddominatethesocialandpoliticalworldwas
strengthened.
C) Pretensionstoaheavenlymandateandcentralizedpowerbecameludicrous.
D) Theemergenceofascholar-gentrywasstifledbythereassertionofaristocraticpower
andprerogatives.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:396
Skill:Conceptual
25) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutChineseinfluenceinJapanismostaccurate?
A) Chineseinfluenceincreasedfromthe16thcenturyonward
B) Chineseinfluenceincreasedfromthe12thcenturyonward
C) Chineseinfluencedeclinedfromthe12thcenturyonward
D) Chineseinfluencedeclinedfromthe2ndcenturyonward
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:395
Skill:Factual
26) Whattitlewasgiventothemilitaryleaderofthe bakufu atKamakura?

A) Bakshi
B) Shogun
C) Sensei
D) Kata
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:396
Skill:Factual
294
27) FollowingthedeathofYoritomo,whatfamilydominatedthemilitarygovernmentofthe
BakufuatKamakura?
A) Yoshitsune
B) Fujiwara
C) Minamoto
D) Hojo
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:396
Skill:Factual
28) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribesthenatureoftheJapanese
governmentfollowingthedeathofYoritomo?
A) RealpowerrestedintheHojofamily,whomanipulatedtheMinamotoshoguns,whoin
turnclaimedtoruleinthenameoftheemperoratKyoto.
B) Therewasatwo-tieredsystemofgovernmentwithpowerrestingwiththerestored
emperoratHeianwhocommandedabodyofaristocraticwarriorsassociatedwiththe
BakufuatKyoto.
C) Powerwasrapidlydissipatedaftertheemperorwasofficiallydeposedwithouta
successor.
D) ThesuccessorsofYoritomoseizedtheimperialthroneintheirownnameandsetoffa
civilwarbetweentheoldimperialfamilyatNaraandthenewoneinKamakura.
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:396
Skill:Conceptual
29) WhatgovernmentreplacedtheKamakuraregimeintheearly14thcenturyinJapan?
A) TokugawaShogunate
B) AshikagaShogunate
C) BushidoShogunate
D) OninShogunate
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:396
Skill:Factual
295
30) WhatwastherelationshipbetweentheAshikagaShogunateandtheemperor?
A) TheAshikagashogunsunseatedtheemperoratHeianandtooktheimperialtitlefor
themselves.
B) TheAshikagashogunssworefealtytotheemperoratKyotoandrestoredimperial
authority.
C) TheAshikagashogunsfoughttheemperoratKyotowhorefusedtorecognizetheir
authorityanddrovehimtothemountaintownofYoshinowhilesettingupapuppet
emperorintheoldcapitalofKyoto.
D) TheAshikagashogunsbroughttheimperialfamilytoKamakurainordertomoreclosely
controltheiractivities.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:396
Skill:Conceptual
31) WhatJapaneserulingfactionwasdestroyedbythefull-scalecivilwarthatragedfrom1467to
1477?
A) TheFujiwara
B) TheMinamoto
C) TheKamakura
D) TheAshikagaShogunate
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:397
Skill:Factual
32) WhatwasthepoliticalresultofthewarsthatdestroyedtheAshikagaShogunate?
A) Restoredauthorityfortheemperor
B) Restoredauthorityforthecourtaristocracy
C) DivisionofJapaninto300littlestatesunderthedaimyos
D) Theriseoffourlargearistocraticstatesunderpowerfulbushi
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:397
Skill:Conceptual
296
33) Howdidtheprinciplesofwarfarechangeunderthe daimyos?

A) Heroiccombatbetweenchampionsremainedtherule,buttheweaponofchoicechanged
fromthebowtothecurvedsword.
B) Peasantforceswerereducedinsignificance,astheywerereplacedbyprofessional
soldiers.
C) Scientificwarfarebasedonspying,timelyassaults,wisecommandandorganizationof
massivearmiesreplacedheroiccombat.
D) Theriseofgunpowderandcannonmadethefortressesandcastlesofthewarriorelite
obsolete.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:398
Skill:Conceptual
34) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthesocietyandeconomyofthewarlorderain
Japanesehistoryismostaccurate?
A) Duetotheincessantwarfare,theJapaneseeconomywasreducedtobarbarism.
B) Thepeasantrywerefurtherreducedinstatusastheagriculturaleconomyexperienced
rapidreductionsintheacreageunderproduction.
C) Despitepoliticalchaos,improvementsinagriculturaltechniquesandincentivesledto
occupationofpreviouslyuncultivatedareas.
D) Thefrequentcombatofthewarlorderasuppressedthedevelopmentofartisanor
merchantclassesinJapan.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:398
Skill:Conceptual
35) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthestatusofwomenduringtheeraofthe
daimyosismostaccurate?
A) Womensstatusamongtheelitecertainlyimprovedduringtheeraofthewarlords,as
theygainedrightstoinheritance.
B) Womenoftenparticipatedinmartialtrainingduringtheeraofthewarlords,thus
improvingtheirsocialstatus.
C) Whiledaughtersofthebushi oftenreceivedsomemartialtraining,underthedaimyos
womenwereexcludedfrominheritanceandtreatedasdefenselessappendagesoftheir
warriorfathersorhusbands.
D) Whilethestatusofwomenamongtheartisanandmerchantclassesdeclined,thestatus
ofwomenamongthewarrioreliteprobablyimprovedmarginally.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:399
Skill:Conceptual
297
36) Duringtheperiodofthewarringdaimyos,whatwasthefactorthatledtoarevivalofChinese
influenceontheculturallevel?
A) Confucianism
B) Thestrengthofthemerchantclass
C) Chinesemilitarytechnology
D) ZenBuddhism
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:399
Skill:Conceptual
37) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTadevelopmentduringtheeraofthedaimyosthatlaidthe
foundationsforlastingpoliticalunificationinJapan?
A) Economicandculturalgrowth
B) RestorationoftheimperialgovernmentatKyoto
C) Strengthofthecommercialandartisanclasses
D) Improvedadministrationwithinthedaimyo domains
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:398-399
Skill:Conceptual
38) InwhatyeardidtheHanemperorsconquerthefirstKoreankingdomofChoson?
A) 109B.C.E.
B) 220C.E.
C) 476C.E.
D) 643C.E.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:400
Topic:Korea:BetweenChinaandJapan
Skill:Factual
298
39) Whatkingdomwassuccessfulinestablishingaunifiedandindependentgovernmentin
Korea?
A) Koguryo
B) Silla
C) Paekche
D) Kyoto
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:401
Skill:Factual
40) WhichofthefollowinglistsgivesthecorrectchronologicalsequencefortheKoreandynasties?
A) Silla,Mongol,Koryo,Yi
B) Silla,Yi,Mongol,Koryo
C) Silla,Yi,Koryo,Mongol
D) Silla,Koryo,Mongol,Yi
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:401-403
Skill:Factual
41) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheKoreanbureaucracyundertheinfluenceof
Chinaismostaccurate?
A) WiththeestablishmentoftheConfucianexaminationsystem,advancementwithinthe
civilservicewasdeterminedalmostexclusivelybytestscoresratherthanbybirth.
B) AlthoughKoreaemulatedtheChinesebureaucraticstructure,thesatellitenevercreated
aConfucianexaminationsystemasameansofqualification.
C) KoreaestablishedaConfucianexaminationsystemontheChinesemodel,butadmission
tothebureaucracywasdeterminedalmostexclusivelybybirthratherthantestscores.
D) Koreanabsolutismdependedmoreonawarriorelitethanadministrativesophistication,
soaformalbureaucracywasneverestablished.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:401-402
Skill:Conceptual
299
42) WhatwasthereligiouspreferenceoftheKoreanelite?
A) Confucianism
B) Christianity
C) Buddhism
D) Islam
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:402
Skill:Factual
43) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthenatureoftheKoreansocietyismost
accurate?
A) Koreansocietyistypifiedbyequalitybetweenallclasses.
B) ChinahadnoinfluenceonKorea.
C) ThearistocratsweretheonlypeoplewhoreallycountedforanythinginKoreansociety.
D) KoreansocietyfollowedtheChinesemodelofastrongscholar-gentry,aweak
aristocracy,andahighlyregardedthoughpoliticallyimpotentpeasantry.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:403
Skill:Conceptual
44) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTadifferencebetweentheVietandChineseculturespriorto
theirconquestbytheHanemperors?
A) Language
B) VillageautonomyamongtheViets
C) HighersocialstatusforVietwomen
D) Viettendencytoextendedfamiliesandclangroups
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:404
Topic:BetweenChinaandSoutheastAsia:theMakingofVietnam
Skill:Conceptual
300
45) WhichofthefollowingChineseculturaltraitswasNOTintroducedintoVietnamfollowing
theHanconquestof111B.C.E?
A) Chineseexaminationsystemandbureaucracy
B) Chineseagriculturalcroppingtechniquesandirrigationtechnology
C) Chineseinsistenceonthenuclearfamily
D) Chinesemilitaryorganization
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:404
Skill:Conceptual
46) WhichofthefollowingwasacriticalfactorinthefailureoftheChinesetoholdorassimilate
theVietnamese?
A) ThefragilityofthelinksthatboundtheVietnamesetotheChinese
B) ThefailureoftheChinesetointroduceBuddhism
C) ThecontinuedculturalimpactofIndiancultureinsoutheastAsia,particularlyamongthe
Vietnamese
D) ThewidespreaddestructionoftheVietnameseelite
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:405
Skill:Conceptual
47) FollowingtheassertionofVietnameseindependencefromChinainthe10thcentury,what
aspectsofChineseculturewereretainedbytheVietnameserulers?
A) Chinesefamilyorganization
B) TheChineseadministrativesystembasedontheConfucianexaminationsystem
C) Ahighlycentralizedadministrativesystemmannedbyapowerfulscholar-gentry
D) Thesuccessfulsuppressionofthepeasantry
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:406-407
Skill:Conceptual
301
48) WhatwasthepoliticalresultoftheVietnamesedrivetoconquerregionssouthoftheRed
Riverbasin?
A) ThecreationofahighlycentralizedkingdomwithitscapitalatHanoi
B) ThedefeatoftheVietnameseandthefragmentationofthekingdominto300small
kingdomsruledbyawarriorelite
C) ThereconquestoftheRedRivervalleybytheChineseduringthesouthernSongera
D) ThedivisionoftheVietnameseintotwokingdomswithcapitalsatHueandHanoi
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:409
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) HowdidtheJapaneseimportationofChineseculturedifferfromthatofVietnamandKorea?
Answer: JapanwasneverconqueredanddirectlyruledbyChineseaswereVietnamandKorea;
abletoselectivelyimportChineseculture;afterfailureofTaikareforms,influenceof
Chineseculturewaned;nogrowthofscholar-gentry;lackofcentraladministration;
basicallyreceivedonlyChinesescript,art,andBuddhism.
Diff:2
PageRef:390-408
Skill:Conceptual
2) DiscussthegovernmentofJapanbetweentheGempeiwarsandtheTokugawaShogunate.
Answer: Gempeiwarsmarkeddominanceofprovincialmilitaryaristocracyoverimperialcourt;
Minamotofamilyestablishedfirstdominancewithmilitarygovernmentor Bakufuat
Kamakura;declineofcentraladministrationandscholar-gentry;Hojofamily
dominatedBakufu;finallyKamakuragovernmentoverthrownbyAshikagaShogunate;
allcentralauthoritydissipatedduringOninWarfrom1467 -1477;countrydividedup
into300smallkingdomsruledbydaimyos.
Diff:2
PageRef:395-400
Skill:Conceptual
3) HowdidthesocialdevelopmentofpostclassicalJapandifferfromthedevelopmentofKorea
duringtheperiodofChineseinfluence?
Answer: UnderdaimyosdeclineofcourtaristocracyinJapan;completedecentralizationof
politicalauthority;daimyossoughttofostertradeandmerchantclass;growthofboth
merchantandartisanclassescontrarytoConfuciansocialprecepts.InKorea,court
aristocracymonopolizedallChineseimports;tookovercentraladministration;
forestalleddevelopmentofmerchantorartisanclass;Koreafailedtodevelopmuch
beyondaristocracyandstatus-poorpeasantry.
Diff:2
PageRef:395-403
Skill:Conceptual
302
4) WhywasChinaunabletoassimilatetheVietnamesedespitedirectruleforalmosta
millennium?
Answer: Vietnameseculturallydifferentfromtheoutset:differentlanguage,traditionoflocal
authorityinherentinvillageleaders,emphasisonnuclearfamilyratherthantypically
Chineseextendedfamilies,higherstatusaccordedtowomen;Chineseabletoexert
someinfluence:introductionofcentraladministrationbasedonConfucianexam
system,someintroductionofextendedfamilyandancestorworship,useofChinese
militaryorganization;ultimatefailurebasedoninabilitytoimpactVietnamese
peasantrywhoremainedsignificantonlocallevel;onlyBuddhismimpactedpeasantry.
Diff:2
PageRef:403-406
Skill:Conceptual
5) HowdidtheextensionofChineseculturetoitssatellitecivilizationsdifferfromotherglobal
civilizations?
Answer: Chinesecultureextendedonlywithinsemi-closedeastAsianculturalsystem;unlike
IslamthatspreadfromtheMiddleEasttoAfricaandtosouthandsoutheastAsia;
unlikecommonculturalexchangesbetweenIslamandpostclassicalWest;eastAsian
culturalexchangeoccurredinsemi-isolationfromotherglobalcultures.
Diff:2
PageRef:410
Topic:Conclusion:DivergentPathsinEastAsianDevelopment
Skill:Conceptual
303
Chapter19 TheLastGreatNomadicChallenges:From
ChinggisKhantoTimur
1) WhatwastheattitudeoftheMongolstothereligionstheyencountered?
A) TheydespisedIslambutconvertedtoChristianity.
B) Theybannedallreligions.
C) Theytoleratedmostreligions.
D) TheymergedHinduismandIslamtocreateanewstatereligion.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:415
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
2) Inmostways,theMongolsepitomizedwhattypeofsocietyandculture?
A) Nomadic
B) Sedentaryagricultural
C) Huntingandgathering
D) Urban
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:415
Topic:TheMongolEmpireofChinggisKhan
Skill:Conceptual
3) TheMongolherdsconsistedprimarilyof
A) sheepandgoats.
B) camels.
C) cattle.
D) horses.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:415
Skill:Factual
304
4) WhatwasthebasicunitofMongolsociety?
A) Thenuclearfamily
B) Thetribe
C) Theguild
D) Thecity-state
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:415
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningleadershipinMongolsocietyismostcorrect?
A) TheMongolsrecognizedtworoyalfamilies,andallleadersweretheoldestmalesofthe
lineages.
B) Mongolsoftenrecognizedtheleadershipoffemaleswhotracedtheirdescentfrom
femaledeities.
C) MongolleadershipwasbasedonpatrilinealdescentfromtheKuriltaitribe.
D) Leaderswereelectedbyfreemales.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:416
Skill:Conceptual
6) Intheearly12thcentury,theQinkingdomofnorthernChinawasdefeatedbyaMongol
confederationundertheleadershipofChinggisKhansgreatgrandfather,
A) Ogedei.
B) KabulKhan.
C) MuhammadIIShah.
D) Batu.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:416
Skill:Factual
305
7) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningChinggisKhansearlylifeismostaccurate?
A) HesucceededtothekingshipoftheMongolsatanearlyageastheonlyheirofhis
grandfather.
B) Followingthedeathofhisfather,heimmediatelyenjoyedmilitarysuccessoverrival
clans.
C) Followinghisfathersdeath,hewasabandonedbymanyfollowersandcapturedbya
rivaltribe.
D) HefledfollowinghisfathersdeathtotheChinese,whoprovidedhimwithmilitary
support.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:416
Skill:Conceptual
8) ChinggisKhanwaselectedkhagan(supremeruler)oftheMongoltribesinwhatyear?
A) 1154
B) 1189
C) 1206
D) 1312
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:416
Skill:Factual
9) TheMongolmilitaryforceswere
A) composedofamixtureofinfantryandcavalry.
B) entirelycavalry.
C) entirelyinfantry.
D) technologicallyinferiortomostoftheiropponents.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:416
Skill:Factual
306
10) Mongolarmiesweredividedintounitscalled
A) kuriltai.
B) tobruk.
C) karakorum.
D) tumens.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:416
Skill:Factual
11) WhichofthefollowingweaponswasNOTpartofthearsenaloftheMongolarmyunder
ChinggisKhan?
A) Bowsandarrows
B) Chainmail
C) Bronzecannon
D) Ironmaces
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:416
Skill:Factual
12) ChinggisKhansfirstcampaignsweredirectedagainst
A) Russia.
B) BaghdadandtheIslamicheartland.
C) India.
D) theTangutkingdomofXi-XiaandtheQinkingdomofnorthernChina.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:418
Skill:Factual
13) In1219ChinggisKhandirectedhistroopagainsttheIslamicterritoryof
A) Khwarazm.
B) Kubilai.
C) Karakorum.
D) Samarkand.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:418
Skill:Factual
307
14) WhattacticonthefieldofbattlewasemployedmostfrequentlybyChinggisKhansforces?
A) Frontalassaultbymassedcavalry
B) Massedartillerybarragefollowedbyinfantryattacksontheflanks
C) Trenchwarfare
D) Pretendedflighttodrawtheenemyoutfollowedbyheavycavalryattacksontheflanks
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:418
Skill:Conceptual
15) WherewasthecapitaloftheMongolempireunderChinggisKhan?
A) Samarkand
B) Karakorum
C) Tatu
D) Khwarazm
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:418
Skill:Factual
16) WhendidChinggisKhandie?
A) 1027
B) 1127
C) 1227
D) 1327
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:420
Skill:Conceptual
17) WhichofthefollowingwasNOToneofthepositiveaspectsofChinggisKhansimperialrule?
A) HepromulgatedalegalcodetoenddivisionsandquarrelsamongtheMongolclans.
B) HebroughtpeacetomuchofAsia.
C) Hepromotedthegrowthoftradeandcommerce.
D) HeorderedthecreationofhugepasturesinnorthernChinafortheuseoftheMongol
clans.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:418-419
Skill:Conceptual
308
18) FollowingthedeathofChinggisKhan,whosucceededhimaskhaganoftheMongols?
A) Kubilai
B) Batu
C) Berke
D) Ogedei
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:420
Topic:TheMongolDrivetotheWest
Skill:Factual
19) FollowingChinggisKhansdeath,whatwastheprovisionfortheadministrationofthe
empire?
A) Itwasdividedintofourregionalkingdoms,orkhanates,ruledbyhissonsand
grandsons.
B) ItwascentralizedwithaMongolbureaucracylocatedattheChinesecapitalofTatu.
C) Theempireimmediatelyfragmentedintoitsconstituenttribesandclans.
D) ItpassedasasinglegovernmentwithitscapitalatKarakorumtoChinggisKhansoldest
son.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:420
Skill:Conceptual
20) WhichofthekhanatesundertookthetaskofconqueringRussia?
A) TheIlkhankhanate
B) TheKarakorumkhanate
C) TheChinesekhanate
D) TheGoldenHorde
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:420
Skill:Factual
309
21) WhichofthekhanatesundertooktheinvasionoftheMuslimheartland?
A) TheIlkhankhanate
B) TheKarakorumkhanate
C) TheChinesekhanate
D) TheGoldenHorde
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:423
Skill:Factual
22) WhatwasthepoliticalorganizationofRussiaatthetimeoftheMongolinvasioninthefirst
halfofthe13thcentury?
A) RussiawasunitedundertheruleofKiev.
B) RussiawasunitedundertheruleoftheprinceofNovgorod.
C) RussiawasunitedundertheruleoftheprinceofMoscovy.
D) Russiawasdividedintonumerouspettykingdomscenteredontradingcities.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:420
Skill:Conceptual
23) WhatwasthenatureoftheRussianresistancetotheMongolinvasion?
A) TheRussiancitiesalliedrapidlytoconfronttheMongolswithaunitedforce.
B) AstheleadingcommercialcentersofRussia,KievandNovgorodalliedtocreatea
substantialmilitaryforcethatsavedthosecitiesfromdestruction.
C) TheRussiansappealedtotheByzantineEmpiretoprovidethemwithmilitaryassistance
againsttheMongols.
D) TheprincesofRussiarefusedtocooperateandwereroutedindividually.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:420
Skill:Conceptual
310
24) WhatwasthesocialimpactoftheMongolconquestonRussia?
A) TheRussiannobilitywasexterminatedgivingrisetoasocietylargelycomposedoffree
peasants.
B) DuetothecrushingburdenoftributepaidtoMongolsandprinces,theRussian
peasantrywasreducedtoserfdom.
C) ThecessationoftradedestroyedthecommercialandartisanclassesofRussia.
D) Russianwomenwereelevatedtonewlevelsofsocialprominence.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:421
Skill:Conceptual
25) WhatRussiancityprofitedmostfromtheMongolinvasion?
A) Novgorod
B) Kiev
C) Moscow
D) Petrograd
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:421
Skill:Factual
26) WhataccountsforthegrowingpoliticaldominanceofMoscowunderMongolrule?
A) MoscowwastheonlyRussiancitythatwasnotdestroyedduringtheinvasion.
B) AsthecitylocatedfarthestsouthinRussia,Moscowwasbetterabletobenefitfrom
renewedtradeundertheMongols.
C) MoscowbecamethecapitaloftheGoldenHorde.
D) TheprincesofMoscowcollectedtributefortheMongolkhansandbecametheseatofthe
MetropolitanoftheOrthodoxChurch.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:421
Skill:Conceptual
311
27) TheprinceofMuscovyinalliancewithotherRussianprinces,defeatedtheGoldenHordein
1380atthebattleof
A) Bratislava.
B) Cracow.
C) Kulikova.
D) AinJalut.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:422
Skill:Factual
28) WhatwasthemostsignificantimpactoftheperiodoftheMongolruleonRussia?
A) TheperiodofMongolrulereinforcedtheisolationofRussiafromwesternEuropeand
thedevelopmentsoftheRenaissanceandReformation.
B) TheMongolsaidedtheRussiansingainingpoliticaldominanceoverthepeoplesofthe
Asiaticsteppes.
C) TheperiodofMongolruleintroducedmanyIslamicpeopleintotheregionofRussia.
D) TheMongoldominationresultedinthedestructionofEasternOrthodoxyandtheriseof
NestorianChristianity.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:423
Skill:Conceptual
29) WhydidtheMongolsnotpursuetheconquestofwesternEurope?
A) TheyweredefeatedatthebattleofBratislavabyKingBelaofHungaryandalliedknights
ofeasternEurope.
B) AttacksbyTimur-iLangonthesouthernlimitsoftheterritoriesbelongingtotheGolden
HordeinterruptedtheMongolassault.
C) ThedeathofKhaganOgedeiinKarakorumprecipitatedastruggleforthesuccession
involvingthekhanoftheGoldenHorde.
D) TheMongolshadnointerestinwesternEurope.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:423
Skill:Conceptual
312
30) TheruleroftheIkhanhordewas
A) Berke.
B) Kubilai.
C) Batu.
D) Hulegu.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:423
Skill:Factual
31) InadditiontothedestructionoftheAbbasidpoliticalcapitalatBaghdadandtheweakeningof
theMuslimmilitarystrength,whatsignificantimpactdidtheMongolconquesthaveonthe
Islamicheartland?
A) ThedestructionofcitiesfromcentralAsiatotheshoresoftheMediterraneandevastated
thefocalpointsofIslamiccivilization.
B) ThesuccessfulassaultontheeastAfricancity-statesweakenedtheinternationaltrading
systemofIslam.
C) ShiismwaseliminatedasamajorfactorwithinIslam.
D) MuchofthepopulationoftheIslamicheartlandwasconvertedtotheanimismcommon
amongtheMongoliannomads.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:423
Skill:Conceptual
32) TheMongolsweredefeatedin1260atAinJalutbythe
A) crusaderstatesandtheirAssassinallies.
B) MamlukdynastyofEgypt.
C) OttomanTurks.
D) forcesoftheByzantineEmpire.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:424
Skill:Factual
313
33) InadditiontotheMamlukpowerinEgypt,whydidthekhanoftheIlkhanhordenotfollow
upontheconquestoftheIslamicheartland?
A) TheforcesoftheChristiancrusaderstateswerelikelytobringthepowerfularmiesof
westernEuropeintothestruggleagainsttheMongols.
B) Thekhandied,leavingaminorastheruleroftheIlkhanhorde.
C) ThesuccessorofBatuasruleroftheGoldenHorde,Berke,hadconvertedtoIslamand
wasapotentialallyoftheMameluks.
D) TheIlkhanhordedissipatedintorivalclangroupsfollowingtheirdefeatatthehandsof
theMameluks.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:425
Skill:Conceptual
34) ManyinwesternEuropebelievedthattheMongolkhanwas
A) PresterBob.
B) PresterJohn.
C) JesusChrist.
D) Muhammad.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:423
Skill:Conceptual
35) TheMongolcommanderinthe13th-centurycampaignsagainsttheSongwasChinggisKhans
grandson,
A) Ogedei.
B) KubilaiKhan.
C) Batu.
D) Berke.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:425
Topic:TheMongolInterludeinChineseHistory
Skill:Factual
314
36) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheMongolconquestofSongChinaismost
accurate?
A) TheMongolswereunabletoestablishpoliticalcontrolovertheSongdynasty.
B) SongChina,becauseofitsrelativeweakness,capitulatedwithintwoyearsafterthe
initiationoftheMongolconquest.
C) ThecampaignsagainsttheSongwereinterruptedbypowerstrugglesamongthe
Mongols,buttookslightlymorethanfiveyears.
D) SongChinaprovedoneofthetoughestareasfortheMongolstoconquer,takingfrom
1235to1279tosubdue.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:425
Skill:Conceptual
37) In1271,KubilaiKhanchangedthenameoftheMongoldynastyinChinato
A) Qin.
B) Chin.
C) Yuan.
D) Ming.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:425
Skill:Factual
38) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheYuansocialorderismostaccurate?
A) BeneaththeMongolsintheYuansocialsystemweretheethnicChinese.
B) BelowtheMongolswereJapaneseartisansintheYuansocialscheme.
C) MuslimsandcentralAsianalliesrankedrightbelowtheMongolsbutabovetheChinese.
D) TheMongolsrankedallotherethnicgroupsinasinglecohortofsubordinates.
Answer: C
Diff:3
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315
39) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTamethodemployedbyKubilaiKhantomaintainthe
separationofMongolsandChinese?
A) ChinesewereforbiddentoserveatanyleveloftheMongoladministration.
B) ChinesescholarswereforbiddentolearntheMongolscript.
C) MongolswereforbiddentomarryethnicChinese.
D) Onlywomenfromnomadicfamilieswereselectedfortheimperialharem.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
40) WhichofthefollowingwasamajorchangeintheadministrationofChinaundertheMongols?
A) ThecentralbureaucracywasdismissedandtheMongoldynastyruledwithamilitary
elite.
B) TheMongolsdiscontinuedtheuseoftheexaminationsystemtokeepthescholar -gentry
fromgainingtoomuchpower.
C) TheMongolsdividedallofChinaintofourgreatkhanatesunderseparateand
independentrulers.
D) ConfucianismwassuppressedandDaoismbecamethestatereligionofChina.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:426
Skill:Conceptual
41) WhatwasthestatusofMongolianwomenduringtheYuandynastyofChina?
A) MongolianwomenloststatusastheyfellunderthesocialapparatusoftheConfucian
ideology.
B) MongolianwomensufferedsocialandpoliticalisolationasMongolmenadoptedthe
preferenceforwomenwhohadundergonefootbinding.
C) Mongolwomenwereincreasinglypreventedfromparticipatinginhuntingandmartial
activities,althoughtheyretainedsomeinfluenceinthehousehold.
D) Mongolwomenremainedrelativelyindependent,refusedtoadoptthepracticeof
footbinding,andretainedtheirrightsinproperty.
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
316
42) WhatwastheYuanpolicywithrespecttoreligionduringtheMongoloccupationofChina?
A) LiketheChinesedynasties,overtimetheYuanadoptedConfucianismastheprimary
ideologyofthestate.
B) BecauseitwasclosertotheanimismpracticedbytheMongolsonthesteppes,theYuan
adoptedDaoismasthestatereligion.
C) Despitetheirdesiretoremainseparate,theYuanemperorswereconvertedtoBuddhism
undertheinfluenceofChabi,KubilaiKhanswife.
D) TheYuan,liketheirancestors,insistedonreligioustoleration.
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
43) WhattwosocialgroupsthatsufferedlowstatusundertheConfuciansocialsystembenefited
mostfromtheYuanadministration?
A) Peasantsandaristocracy
B) Scholar-gentryandaristocracy
C) Merchantsandartisans
D) Militaryeliteandscholar-gentry
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
44) WhatcausedadeclineinthemilitaryreputationoftheMongolYuandynastyinChina?
A) ThefailureofexpeditionsagainsttheJapanese
B) ThedemolitionoftheGreatWall
C) ThedefeatoftheYuanatthehandsoftheGoldenHorde
D) TheinvasionofnorthernChinabytheKoreanKoryodynasty
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
317
45) ThefounderoftheMingdynasty,JuYuanzhang,camefromwhatsocialclassinChina?
A) Aristocracy
B) Scholar-gentry
C) Merchants
D) Peasantry
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:430
Skill:Factual
46) WhowastheTurkicnomadicleaderwhobeganaperiodofconquestbeginninginthe1360s?
A) MuhammanShah
B) IbnPasha
C) Timur-iLang
D) IbnKhaldun
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:430
Topic:Conclusion:TheMongolLegacyandanAftershock
Skill:Factual
47) WhichofthefollowingareaswasnotexposedtotheTurkicexpansionofthe1360s?
A) Persia
B) China
C) India
D) SouthernRussia
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:431
Skill:Factual
48) WhatwasthecommonnamefortheplaguethattheMongolarmiesunknowinglyspread?
A) TheBlackDeath
B) TheWhiteDeath
C) TheNomadicDeath
D) TheMongolDeath
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
318
EssayQuestions
1) Whydidsedentarycivilizationsprogressivelydominatenomadicsocietiesafterthe15th
century?
Answer: BlackDeathreducednomadicpopulations;populationrecoveryneverasrapidoras
completeasthesedentarycivilizations;sedentarycivilizationsafter1400foundwaysto
centralizepower,mobilizeresourcesforwarfare;industrializationofwarfareincluding
technologicalinnovationswithmilitaryapplicationsprovidedinsuperableadvantages
tosedentarycivilizations.
Diff:2
PageRef:431-432
Skill:Conceptual
2) DefinetheterritorialextentoftheMongolEmpireatitslargest.Howdidthisaffect
inter-culturalexchange?
Answer: MongolempireextendedfromRussiaandeasternEuropeinwesttoMesopotamiaas
farasEgyptinthesouthacrosstheCaspianSearegionandtheAsiaticsteppesto
includeallofChina.MongolEmpirelinkedgreatglobalcivilizationsofEastern
Hemisphere,westernandeasternEurope,Islam,China;permittedfreeexchangeof
goodsandideasbetweenglobalculturesalongtraditionalroutesoftrade.
Diff:2
PageRef:415-430
Skill:Conceptual
3) InwhatwaywasthepoliticalimpactoftheMongolconquestsofRussiaandtheIslamic
heartlandsimilar?
Answer: Inbothcasesthetraditionalpoliticalstructurewasremovedandthepathwassmoothed
fornewpoliticalorganizationtotakeplace.InRussia,Kievansuperioritywasforever
destroyedandMoscowwasabletoachievepoliticaldominanceamongthepetty
kingdomsthroughitscontroloftributeandbybecomingtheseatofRussianOrthodoxy.
InIslam,theAbbasiddynastywasendedandtheSeljukTurkswhohadruledthrough
itsappurtenancesweredevastated,openingthewayfortheriseoftheMameluksin
EgyptandtheOttomanTurksinAsiaMinor.
Diff:2
PageRef:420-425
Skill:Conceptual
4) InwhatwaysdidtheMongoldynastyofChina(theYuan)attempttoalterthetraditional
Chinesesocialstructure?
Answer: ByrefusingtoreinstatetheConfucianexaminationsystem,theYuanattemptedto
destroythesocialandpoliticaldominanceofthescholar-gentry;thisattemptwas
secondedbydividingtheChinesesocialstructureethnicallyMongolsandIslamicallies
ontop,northernChinesesecond,ethnicChineseandminoritiesatbottom;inaddition,
Mongolspromotedsocialadvanceofartisansandmerchants,whohadbeen
discriminatedagainstintraditionalChinesesociety.
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
319
5) WhatcanbesaidtohavebeenthepositiveaspectsoftheMongolconquests?
Answer: Madepossibleandpromotedcommercialandculturalexchangesbetweenglobal
civilizationsofEasternHemisphere;broughtstablegovernmentbasedonprecedentsin
IslamicandChineseadministrationandreligioustolerationtomuchofAsia;provided
lengthyperiodofpeacepredicatedonestablishmentofunifiedlawcodeatleastuntil
1260.
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
320
Chapter20 TheWestandtheChangingWorldBalance
1) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTasymptomofdeclineintheArabiccaliphateby1300?
A) Thenarrowingofintellectuallifesymbolizedbythetriumphofreligionoverliterature,
philosophy,andscience
B) Landlordsseizedpoweroverpeasants
C) ThedeclineoftheSufis
D) Declineoftaxrevenuesforthestate
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:436-437
Topic:TheDeclineoftheOldOrder
Skill:Conceptual
2) BywhatdatehadtheMiddleEasternpeasantsincreasinglylosttheirfreedom,becomingserfs
onlargeestates?
A) 900
B) 1000
C) 1100
D) 1350
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:437
Skill:Factual
3) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningArabictradeafter1100ismostaccurate?
A) Arabiccontroloftheseaswasstrengthenedfollowing1100.
B) AlthoughArabicdynamismintradewasreduced,Muslimsremainedactiveinworld
markets.
C) ThetotalcollapseoftheIslamicworldinthe12thcenturycanbestbecomparedtothe
falloftheRomanEmpire.
D) TheArabtradingcomplexwasreducedafter1100totheMiddleEast.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:437
Skill:Conceptual
321
4) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthepoliticalfragmentationoftheArabicworld
ismostaccurate?
A) AfterthefalloftheAbbasidcaliphate,theemergingOttomanEmpiresoonmastered
mostofthelandsoftheoldcaliphateplustheByzantinecorner.
B) ThepoliticalfragmentationcausedbythefallofBaghdadlastedforseveralcenturies
underthedecentralizedadministrationoftheSeljukTurks.
C) TheMongolconquestseliminatedanyformofcentralizedgovernmentintheMiddle
Eastuntilthe17thcentury.
D) FollowingthefalloftheAbbasidcaliphate,theMiddleEastbecamepartofthecolonial
empireoftheemergingfeudalstatesofwesternEurope.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:437
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheOttomanEmpireismostaccurate?
A) TheriseoftheOttomanEmpirerestoredthefullinternationalvigorthattheIslamic
caliphatehadpossessed.
B) TurkishrulerspromotedtrademoreactivelythandidtheirArabpredecessors.
C) TheexpansionistpoweroftheOttomanEmpirewasveryreal,butthefocusonconquest
andadministrationovershadowedwidercommercialambitions.
D) TheOttomanEmpirehadnoexpansionistinterestsorcapabilities.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:437
Skill:Conceptual
6) WhatarearepresentedanewconquestfortheOttomanEmpire?
A) AsiaMinor
B) NorthAfrica
C) SoutheasternEurope
D) Mesopotamia
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
322
7) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheOttomanEmpireismostaccurate?
A) TurkishrulersdidnotpromotemaritimetradeasvigorouslyashadtheArabs.
B) Scientificandphilosophicalinvestigationsreachedthelevelofinnovationthattheyhad
enjoyedundertheAbbasids.
C) TheTurksrefusedtopatronizethetraditionalPersianartistsandcraftsmenwhohad
dominatedthelaterAbbasidcourt.
D) TheOttomansweremoreinterestedinculturalpatronagethaninmilitaryorganization.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
8) Whichofthefollowingcivilizationsfirstattemptedtofillthecommercialvacuumcreatedby
thedeclineinArabictrade?
A) Russia
B) Japan
C) China
D) India
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:437
Skill:Factual
9) WhatChinesedynastysucceededtheMongolYuandynastyinChina?
A) Chou
B) Ming
C) Han
D) Tang
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
323
10) WhatwastheinnovationlaunchedbytheMingdynasty?
A) ReceivingtributepaymentsfromKorea
B) ExtendingtheirpoliticalcontroloverVietnam
C) Useofacentralizedbureaucracy
D) Mountinghuge,state-sponsoredtradingexpeditionsthroughoutAsiaandbeyond
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:437
Skill:Conceptual
11) InwhatyeardidtheMingdynastyhaltstate-sponsoredcommercialvoyages?
A) 1358
B) 1405
C) 1433
D) 1487
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:437
Skill:Factual
12) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTareasonusedbytheMingdynastytohaltthetrading
expeditions?
A) Theoppositionofthescholar-gentryandbureaucracy
B) ThetechnologicalinferiorityofChineseshipsandnavigation
C) ThegrowingmilitaryexpensesofthecampaignsagainsttheMongols
D) ThetraditionalpreferenceoftheChineseforAsianproducts
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
324
13) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthecessationofstate-sponsoredtradebythe
Mingdynastyismostaccurate?
A) ThecessationoftradeseverelydamagedtheinternaleconomyofChinaandproduced
theinevitablepeasantrevolutionsthatoverthrewtheMingdynasty.
B) TheendofinternationaltradesignaledageneraldecentralizationofgovernmentinMing
China.
C) BecauseoftheChinesedependenceonimportsfromabroad,thedecisiontoendthe
state-sponsoredexpeditionswasparticularlycriticalininitiatingculturaldecline.
D) InChineseterms,itwasthebrieftradingflurrythatwasunusual,notitscessation.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:437-438
Skill:Conceptual
14) WhatadmiralcommandedChinasgreatoverseasexpeditionsbetween1405and1433?
A) Zhenghe
B) JungTziLung
C) XunXi
D) YanXuanshang
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:437
Topic:TheRiseoftheWest
Skill:Conceptual
15) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTadrawbacktotheWestsemergenceasaglobalpower?
A) WesternnationslackedthepoliticalcoherenceandorganizingabilityofimperialChina.
B) TheWestdidnotbegintoestablishkeymaritimeandcommerciallinksuntilafter1600.
C) Thechurch,longoneoftheorganizinginstitutionsofWesterncivilization,wasunder
attack.
D) ThelivesandeconomicactivitiesofordinaryEuropeans,theartisansandpeasants,were
inseriousdisarray.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
325
16) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTacontributingfactortotheeconomiccrisesofthe14th
century?
A) Withdrawalfromtheglobaltradingnetwork
B) Bubonicplague
C) Lackoftechnologicaladvanceinagriculture
D) Recurrentfamine
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:438-439
Skill:Conceptual
17) WhatproportionoftheEuropeanpopulationdiedasaresultofthe14th -centuryplague?

A) onetenth
B) onefourth
C) onethird
D) onehalf
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:438
Skill:Factual
18) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTasourceofWesterndynamisminthe14thand15th
centuries?
A) Thestrengtheningoffeudalmonarchy
B) Thegrowthofcitiesandurbaneconomies
C) Advancesinmetallurgy
D) Twocenturiesofpeaceamongthemajornations
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:438-439
Skill:Conceptual
19) Strongregionalmonarchiestookholdinthisperiodin
A) FranceandEngland
B) theOttomanEmpire
C) SpainandPortugal
D) GermanyandAustria
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
326
20) FromwhatsourcedidmanytechnologicalinnovationsarriveintheWestduringthe13thand
14thcenturies?
A) Asia
B) Africa
C) TheAmericas
D) TheIslamicregionsoftheMiddleEast
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:439
Skill:Factual
21) InwhatregionofEuropedidtheRenaissancebegin?
A) Germany
B) Italy
C) France
D) England
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:440
Skill:Factual
22) Incomparisontomedievalculture,Renaissanceculturewas
A) moreconcernedwithAristotelianphilosophy.
B) moreconcernedwiththingsofthisworld.
C) disinterestedinclassicalmodels.
D) basedlessonurbanvitalityandexpandingcommerce.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
327
23) WhichofthefollowingwasNOToneofthereasonsthatItalyemergedasthecenterofthe
earlyRenaissance?
A) TheemergenceofcentralizedstatesinItalyallowedformoreextensivepatronageofthe
arts.
B) ItalyretainedmorecontactwithRomantraditionsthandidtherestofEurope.
C) ItalyledtheWestbythe14thcenturyinbankingandtrade.
D) Italyhadclosercontactswithforeignscholars,particularlythoseinlateByzantium.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:442
Skill:Conceptual
24) WhatFlorentinepainterledthewayinthemovementtowardnatureandpeopleasthe
primarysubjectmatterofRenaissanceart?
A) Giotto
B) Petrarch
C) Masaccio
D) FraAngelico
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:442
Skill:Factual
25) WhatItaliancity-statewasbestplacedtoengageinthenew,Western -orientedcommercial

venturesofthe15thcentury?
A) Venice
B) Florence
C) Genoa
D) Pisa
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:442
Skill:Factual
328
26) AlongwithItaly,akeycenterforpoliticalchangeinthe14thand15thcenturieswas
A) France.
B) Germany.
C) England.
D) theIberianpeninsula.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:442
Skill:Factual
27) WhatwasuniqueaboutthedevelopmentofstatesintheIberianpeninsula?
A) Thesegovernmentswerebasedoncity-statesratherthannation-states.
B) BasedonCastileandAragon,theIberianstateswereuniqueintheiradoptionofIslam.
C) SpainandPortugaldevelopedeffectivenewgovernmentswithaspecialsenseof
religiousmissionandreligioussupport.
D) ThestatesofSpainandPortugalwereabletodevelopwithoutemphasisonthemilitary.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:442
Topic:WesternExpansion:TheExperimentalPhase
Skill:Conceptual
28) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaninternationaleconomicdifficultyexperiencedbytheWest
by1400?
A) WesterneliteswereaccustomedtoincreasingconsumptionofAsianluxuryproducts.
B) TradewithAsiahadceasedasaresultoftheMongolconquests.
C) Westerntradeforluxurieshadtobepaidforingold,establishinganegativebalanceof
trade.
D) TheriseoftheOttomanEmpireonceagainclosedofftheeasternMediterraneanfor
Westernmerchantsandshipping.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
329
29) WhatwastheWesternresponsetotheproblemsofinternationaltradethattheyexperiencedin
1400?
A) WesternnationshaltedtradewithAsiaandtheEastandbecamemoredependenton
European-producedcommodities.
B) ManynationssoughttoestablishallianceswiththeOttomanEmpireinordertorestore
thetraderoutes.
C) OverlandtraderoutesthroughnorthernRussiawereestablishedtotheEast.
D) WesternnationsbeganexplorationsofalternativeroutestoAsiathatwouldbypassthe
MiddleEastandMuslimrealms.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:442-443
Skill:Conceptual
30) ThekeythemeofPolynesianculturefromthe7thcenturyto1400was
A) theadoptionofJapanesecivilizationintheislandsocieties.
B) thedevelopmentofauniformwrittenscript.
C) contractionasaresultoftheworld-wideepidemicofthe14thcentury.
D) spurtsofmigrationandconquestthatimplantedPolynesianculturebeyondtheinitial
baseintheSocietyIslands.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:445-446
Topic:OutsidetheWorldNetwork
Skill:Conceptual
31) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTcharacteristicofHawaiianculture?
A) Urbanization
B) Animalhusbandryfeaturingswine
C) Warlikeregionalkingdoms
D) Highlystratifiedsocialstructure
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
330
32) WhichofthefollowingrepresentsasignificantdifferencebetweenNewZealandandHawaii?
A) Artbasedoncarvedwood
B) Acoldandharshclimate
C) Ahighlystratifiedsociety
D) Asocietybasedonwarfare
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:447
Skill:Conceptual
33) Thepracticeofjudgingotherpeoplesbythestandardsandpracticesofonesowncultureof
ethnicgroupis
A) ethnocentrism.
B) genocide.
C) anthropomorphism.
D) aversionism.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:446
Skill:Conceptual
34) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaresultoftheEuropeancontactwithsub-SaharanAfrica
after1500?
A) TradepatternsinwestAfricashiftedfromtheMediterraneantotheAtlantic
B) TradeshiftedinwestAfricafromMuslimtoEuropeanhands
C) SeizureofslavesforEuropeanuseaffectedmanyregionsdeeply
D) RegionalkingdomslostallinfluenceinwestAfricaandwerereplacedbyEuropean
governments
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:447
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) AccountforthedeclineoftheMiddleEast.
Answer: DeclineofintellectualvigoraccompanieddisintegrationofAbbasidEmpire;emphasis
shiftedtoreligionandawayfromphilosophyandscience;riseofSufis;landlordsseized
controlofland,reducedpeasantrytoserfdom;declineinstaterevenuesfromtaxation;
declineofinterestininternationaltrade.
Diff:2
PageRef:436-438
Skill:Conceptual
331
2) EvaluatethepositionofChinaintheinternationalbalanceofpowerin1450.
Answer: ChinahadrestoredpoliticalunityunderMingdynasty;temporaryinterestinexpansion
ofinternationaltrade;endedin1433withwithdrawaltointernaleconomy;remained
economicallyprosperous;requiredlittlefromothercivilizations,butshutofffrom
technologicalandscientificdynamismofpost-1500West.
Diff:2
PageRef:438-439
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhatwerethesourcesofdynamismthatfueledtheWesternadvancesrelativetoother
civilizations?
Answer: Populationexpandedatmorerapidratethananyothercontinent;feudalmonarchy
providedbeginningsofmorecentralizedpoliticalunits;growthofcitiesandurban
economiesspurredcommercialdevelopment;technology,particularlyironworking,
continuedtoadvance;senseofweaknessincomparisontoothercivilizationsledto
searchfornewtraderoutesleadingtoAtlanticexploration;Renaissanceopenedupnew
culturalavenuesinWest.
Diff:2
PageRef:438-442
Skill:Conceptual
4) DescribeearlyWesternexplorationandcolonizationpatterns.
Answer: NeedfornewroutestoavoidOttomandominanceofeasternMediterranean,establish
morefavorablebalanceoftrade;explorationsbeguninAtlantic,reachedislandgroups ,
theCanaries,Madeira,Azores;someexplorationofAfricancoastline;earlysettlementof
islandgroupsestablishedpatternsforlatercolonizationofAmericas;establishmentof
largeagriculturalestatestoproducemoneycrops(sugar,cotton,tobacco);extensiveuse
ofslavelabor.
Diff:2
PageRef:442-445
Skill:Conceptual
5) Inwhatsensewerethecivilizationsoutsidetheworldnetworkofculturalexchange(the
Americas,Africa,andPolynesia)vulnerabletointeractionwithothercivilizations?
Answer: Americas:empires(AztecandInca)disintegratingduetointernalstresses;lacked
technology;unexposedtodiseasescommoninEurope.Africanpoliticalunits
experiencedvarioussuccess;declineofZimbabwe,Mali,riseofSonghay;Africabetter
equippedtodealwithinteraction;hadmetallurgy;exposedtoEuropeandiseases;
alreadyinvolvedinlong-distancetradesystems;lessisolatedthanothercivilizations.
Polynesia,likeAmericas,totallyisolatedfromworldtradenetwork;individualisland
groupsbecomingmoreisolated;unexposedtoEuropeandiseases;lackedmetallurgy.
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
332
Chapter21 TheWorldEconomy
1) WhichcountrieswerethelargestrecipientsofNewWorldsilver?
A) RussiaandMongolia
B) AustraliaandNewZealand
C) ChinaandIndia
D) BritainandFrance
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:458
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A) From1100Europeanleadersandmerchantsisolatedthemselvesfromtherestofthe
world.
B) From1100EuropeanleadersandmerchantshadbeguntocolonizetheAmericas.
C) From1100EuropeanleadersandmerchantshadforgedtradinglinkswiththeAmericas.
D) From1100Europeanleadersandmerchantshadbecomeincreasinglyawareofthelarger
world.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:460
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
3) WhohadcrossedtheAtlanticinthe10thcenturyandnamedNorthAmericaVinland?
A) China
B) TheVikings
C) Africans
D) MiddleEasterners
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:492
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
333
4) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTatechnologicalimprovementintroducedduringthe15th
centuryintheWest?
A) Useofthecompassfornavigation
B) Deep-draft,round-hulledships
C) Lateensails
D) Gunpowderadaptedtogunnery
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:460-461
Topic:TheWestsFirstOutreach
Skill:Factual
5) TheinitiativeforWesternexplorationandconquestcamefromthekingdomof
A) Portugal.
B) Spain.
C) France.
D) Sicily.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:461
Skill:Factual
6) WhatnoblewasresponsibleforthedirectionofaseriesofexpeditionsalongtheAfricancoast
andoutwardtotheAzoresinthe15thcentury?
A) PrinceHenrytheNavigator
B) CardinalMazarin,regentofFrance
C) HughDupuy,CountMarechal
D) PrinceHenryofEngland
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:461
Skill:Factual
7) ThefirstPortuguesefleetroundedtheCapeofGoodHopein
A) 1291.
B) 1354.
C) 1488.
D) 1519.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:461
Skill:Factual
334
8) ThecaptainofthefirstPortugueseshiptoreachIndiawas
A) AmerigoVespucci.
B) VascodaGama.
C) ChristopherColumbus.
D) FerdinandMagellan.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:461
Skill:Factual
9) WhatregionintheAmericaswasclaimedbyPortugal?
A) Mexico
B) Peru
C) Panama
D) Brazil
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:461
Skill:Factual
10) WhatlandwasclaimedforSpainastheresultofFerdinandMagellanscircumnavigationof
theglobebeginningin1519?
A) Philippines
B) NewZealand
C) Chile
D) Australia
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:463
Skill:Factual
11) WhatItaliancaptainsailingforthemonarchsofSpainreachedtheAmericasin1492?
A) FerdinandMagellan
B) AmerigoVespucci
C) DanteAlighieri
D) ChristopherColumbus
Answer: D
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
335
12) WhydidtheinitiativeinearlyconquestandexplorationpasstonorthernEuropeannationsin
thelater16thcentury?
A) SpainandPortugalweredefeatedinacriticalwarwiththeOttomanEmpire.
B) TheDutchandtheBritishimprovedthedesignofoceanicvessels,producingfasterships
thantheirCatholicrivals.
C) FamineanddiseasedisastrouslyreducedthepopulationoftheIberianpeninsulaafter
1588.
D) TheSpanishdefeatoftheEnglishArmadacutEnglandofffromfurtheradvancein
EuropeandforcedEnglishattentiontoforeignconquest.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:463
Skill:Conceptual
13) WhatwasthepurposeoftheearlyEnglishvoyagestoNorthAmerica?
A) Toestablishcolonies
B) Tocreateafortifiedportandtradingregion
C) TodiscoveranorthwestpassagetoIndia
D) TodrivetheSpanishfromtheAmericas
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
14) InwhatwayweretheearlyDutchandBritishexplorationandtradeprojectsdifferentfrom
thoseoftheIberiannations?
A) TheexpeditionsofSpainandPortugaldidnotenjoygovernmentsupport.
B) DutchandBritishexplorationowedmuchtoprivateinitiativeofmerchantgroupsand
theformationofcharteredtradingcompanies.
C) DutchandBritishexploratoryexpeditionswereindependentoftheirrespective
governments.
D) TheDutchandBritishoperatedjointexplorationsinthenamesofbothgovernments
whilePortugalandSpaincompetedinthecompetitionforconquest.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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336
15) WhatBritishcommercialinstitutionruledIndiaformuchofthe18thcentury?
A) TheBritishTeaandSpiceCompany
B) TheBritishEastIndiaCompany
C) TheRajTradingCompany
D) TheCalcuttaandMadrasLimited
Answer: B
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
16) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaresultofEuropesmaritimedominance?
A) Itcreatedanewinternationalpoolforbasicexchangesoffoods,diseases,andafew
manufacturedproducts.
B) Itcreatedanewworldeconomy,involvingthefullerinclusionofAfricaandthe
Americasininternationaltrade.
C) AllregionsofAsiawereforthefirsttimesubjecttothemonopolizationoftradeby
Westernnations.
D) ItcreatedtheconditionsfordirectWesternpenetrationofsomepartsoftheworld
throughtheformationofcolonies.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:465
Topic:TowardaWorldEconomy
Skill:Conceptual
17) AspartoftheColombianExchange,whichofthefollowingwasaEuropeancontributionto
theAmericas.
A) Bullion
B) Rawmaterials
C) Disease
D) Corn
Answer: C
Diff:2
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337
18) WhatisthemostacceptedfigureforthepercentageofthepopulationofAmericanIndians
whodiedfollowingtheEuropeancolonization?
A) Over15percent
B) Over25percent
C) Over33percent
D) Over50percent
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
19) WhatwastheimpactoftheintroductionofAmericancropsintoEurope?
A) TheintroductionofthepotatoledtomajorpopulationgrowthinEurope.
B) FungiintroducedtoEurope,alongwithAmericancrops,ledtoaseveredecreasein
agriculturalproductivity.
C) AlthoughAmericancropswereintroducedaroundtheworldbyEuropeantraders,they
werenotadoptedinEuropeitself.
D) PlantationagriculturefueledbyslavelaborbecamethenorminEuropeanagricultural
systems.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
20) WhichofthefollowingareasoftradewasNOTdominatedbytheWestaftertheestablishment
ofaglobaltradingnetworkinthe17thcentury?
A) TheAtlantic
B) ThePacific
C) TheIndianOcean
D) TheMediterranean
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
338
21) ASpanishfleetdefeatedtheOttomanEmpirein1571atthebattleof
A) theSargassoSea.
B) Lepanto.
C) Civitate.
D) Nicaea.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:466
Skill:Factual
22) DespiteJapansofficialpolicyofisolation,theDutchwereabletogainspecialaccesstothe
portof
A) Osaka.
B) Kyoto.
C) Nissei.
D) Nagasaki.
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
23) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaccountsfortheSpanishfailuretoholdapositionof
dominanceinworldtrade?
A) TheSpanishwithdrewvoluntarilyfromtheraceforworldtradedominanceand
establishedapolicyofinternationalisolation.
B) TheCatholicchurchthatdominatedSpanishsocietyarguedagainsttheestablishmentof
acommercialmentalityinSpain.
C) SpainsinterestswereincreasinglydirectedtowardthedestructionoftheOttoman
Empire.
D) Spainsinternaleconomyandbankingsystemwerenotsufficienttoaccommodatethe
bullionfromthenewworld.
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
339
24) Whateconomicpolicysupplementedthedevelopmentofcolonies,particularlyinnorthern
Europe?
A) Mercantilism
B) Freetrade
C) Socialism
D) Communism
Answer: A
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
25) WhatimportfromtheAmericashelpedSpaintoinitiallydominateworldtrade?
A) cows
B) silver
C) horses
D) copper
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:466
Skill:Conceptual
26) WhichofthefollowingregionswasNOTpartofthecorezoneoftheglobaltradenetwork?
A) Holland
B) France
C) England
D) Sub-SaharanAfrica
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:466
Skill:Conceptual
27) Dependenceintheworldeconomyandtheconsequentneedtoproduceunprocessedgoods
cheaplyledtothedevelopmentof__________laborsystems.
A) proletariat
B) independent
C) coercive
D) socialist
Answer: C
Diff:1
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Skill:Conceptual
340
28) Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribestheimpactofthedevelopmentof
core-dependenteconomiczonesonstateformation?
A) ForcedlaborandEuropeaninfluencetendedtogenerateweakgovernmentsin
dependentregions,whileincreasedtraderevenuestendedtogenerateincreasing
governmentstrengthincorestates.
B) Whiletheprofitsofglobaltradetendedtostrengthenthegovernmentsofcoreregions,
thecreationofcoloniesextendedpowerfulgovernmentstodependentzonesaswell.
C) Theeffortsofinternationaltradetendedtoenrichprivatecommercialinterestsbut
weakencoregovernmentswhowereunabletotapthewealth.Dependentzone
governments,basedoncompanyorganization,tendedtobestrong.
D) Nostategovernmentbenefittedfromthecreationofcore-dependentzones.Neithercore
regionsnorcolonieswereabletodevelopstrong,centralizedgovernments.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
29) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtherelationshipbetweenAsiancivilizationsand
theworldcommercialnetworkofthe16thand17thcenturiesisNOTaccurate?
A) Asiancivilizationshadamplepoliticalstrengthandeconomicsophisticationtoavoid
dependentstatus.
B) EastAsiaconstitutedthecivilizationthatremainedmostfullyandconsciouslyexternal
totheworldeconomy.
C) ChinadependedonextensivegovernmentregulationtokeepEuropeanactivitiesin
check.
D) Chinawasable,thankstotheexistenceofitscoastalnavy,topreventtheestablishment
ofEuropeanports.
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
30) WhichofthefollowingWesterntradegoodswasofmostinteresttotheJapanese?
A) Gunnery
B) Porcelain
C) Woolencloth
D) Cottoncloth
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
341
31) Whichofthefollowingcivilizationswasfullypartoftheglobaltradingnetworkinthe16th
century?
A) Russia
B) OttomanEmpire
C) Indonesia
D) MughalEmpire
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:468
Skill:Conceptual
32) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheBritishpoliciestowardIndiainthe17th
centuryismostaccurate?
A) Britainattemptedtofosterthedevelopmentofthecottonmanufacturingindustryin
India.
B) BritainappliedtariffstodestroythecottonindustryinIndiaasameansofprotectingthe
Britishclothindustry.
C) BritainwasdisinterestedinexpandingthetradewithIndia.
D) TheBritishbalanceoftradewithIndiainthe17thcenturyremainednegative,asBritain
wasforcedtoexchangebullionforIndianproducts.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
33) WhatwasthenatureofthetradebetweeneasternandwesternEuropeinthe17thcentury?
A) WesternEuropeimportedgraininincreasingamountsfromeasternEuropeinreturnfor
artobjectsandmanufacturedgoods.
B) EasternandwesternEuroperemainedeconomicallyisolated,asRussia,Poland,and
PrussiaextendedtheirtraderelationshipswiththeOttomanEmpire.
C) TheinabilityofeasternEuropetoproduceanythingofvaluetotheWestfrustrated
attemptstoestablishtradingconnectionsbetweenthetwohalvesofEurope.
D) EasternEuropeemergedasapowerfulchallengertoWesterndominationoftheglobal
commercialnetwork.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
342
34) InwhatyeardidSpanishsettlementoftheAmericanmainlandbegin?
A) 1492
B) 1509
C) 1588
D) 1607
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:469
Topic:ColonialExpansion
Skill:Factual
35) WherewasthefirstSpanishcolonyontheAmericanmainland?
A) Peru
B) Panama
C) Mexico
D) Florida
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
36) WhichofthefollowingregionswasNOTpartoftheSpanishcolonialempire?
A) TheAztecempire
B) TheIncaempire
C) Cuba,Jamaica,andPuertoRico
D) Brazil
Answer: D
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
37) WhileitwasmostcommonfortheEuropeanstoestablishcoastalfortressesinAfricawithout
attemptingtoclaimlargeterritoriesoftheirown,Portugalcreatedamoredisruptivecolonyin
__________insearchofslaves.
A) CapeColony
B) Angola
C) theSudan
D) Zimbabwe
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
343
38) ThemostimportantDutchcolonyinAfricawaslocatedon
A) Mozambique.
B) Madagascar.
C) theCapeofGoodHope.
D) theislandofCeylon.
Answer: C
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
39) TheBritishEastIndiaCompanythroughnegotiationwithlocalMughalprincesgaineda
stationat
A) Goa.
B) Calcutta.
C) Constantinople.
D) Delhi.
Answer: B
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
40) TheBritishwereabletoousttheFrenchfromIndiafollowingthe
A) Taipeirebellion.
B) Sepoyrebellion.
C) battleofManzikert.
D) SevenYearsWar.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:474
Skill:Factual
41) WhendidtheDutchestablishtheCapeColony?
A) 1707
B) 1744
C) 1652
D) 1803
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:474
Skill:Factual
344
42) WhatwasaBoer?
A) Dutchfarmer
B) Indianprince
C) Britishofficer
D) Frenchcitizen
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:474
Skill:Conceptual
43) InwhichofthefollowingregionswasEuropeansettlementasignificantfactorinthe
establishmentofcolonies?
A) WestIndies
B) Indonesia
C) DutchSouthAfrica
D) China
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:474
Skill:Conceptual
44) Whichofthefollowingrepresentsanimpactofthedevelopmentofcoloniesonwestern
Europe?
A) ColonialdevelopmentresultedinagreatersenseofcooperationamongEuropean
nations.
B) Thedevelopmentofcolonieshastenedthegrowthofcentralizedgovernmentsand
destroyedthegrowthofthemerchantclassinwesternEurope.
C) TheuseofcoloniallyproducedsugarspreadwidelyinEurope,particularlyincountries
withrelativelycoldclimates.
D) TheintroductionofcolonialisminplaceslikeIndiaresultedinbringingthese
civilizationswithintheframeworkofWesterncivilization.
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
345
45) InwhichofthefollowingcoloniesdidafullerdevelopmentofWesterninstitutionsandvalues
takeplace?
A) SpanishLatinAmerica
B) FrenchandBritishcoloniesofNorthAmerica
C) Brazil
D) India
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:472
Skill:Conceptual
46) WhydidthesoutherncoloniesoftheAtlanticseaboardwinimportancebeforethosefarther
north?
A) GoldwasdiscoveredwithinthesoutherncoloniesoftheAtlanticseaboard.
B) Theharshclimateofthenortherncoloniesleftthoseregionsvirtuallyunsettled.
C) OnlythesoutherncolonieswereabletoeliminatethenativeIndianpopulation.
D) Patternsofplantationproductionofcashcropsproducedbycoercivelaboremerged
there.
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
47) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheinteractionofNorthAmericancolonists
withtheIndiansismostaccurate?
A) ColonistsinteractedwithIndians,learnedfromthem,andmisusedthem,butdidnot
forgeanewculturalamalgamasoccurredinmuchofLatinAmerica.
B) ConstantwarfarebetweenthenumeroussedentaryagriculturaltribesandtheEuropean
colonistsresultedinlimitedimmigrationfromEurope.
C) RapidintermarriagebetweenEuropeansandtheNativeAmericansresultedinthe
creationofanewclassofpeople,themestizos,whocontinuedtoplayasignificantrolein
NorthAmericancolonialdevelopment.
D) TheoccurrenceofdiseasethatrapidlydecimatedtheIndianpopulationsofLatin
AmericadidnottakeplaceinNorthAmerica,thusIndianpopulationsremainedlarge
andintermingledwiththeEuropeanimmigrants.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
346
48) AsaresultofwhattreatydidtheFrenchlosetheircolonyinNorthAmericatotheBritish?
A) TreatyofWestphalia,1648
B) TreatyofParis,1763
C) TreatyofUtrecht,1714
D) TreatyofRyswick,1705
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
EssayQuestions
1) DescribetheearlyEuropeanexplorationoftheworld.Characterizethenatureofearly
settlement.
Answer: InitialexplorationsinthehandsofSpanishandPortuguese;developmentofAfrican
coast,Caribbeanislands,Brazil;PortuguesevoyagestoIndia;Magellansvoyage
openedupPacifictoexplorationandconquest;DutchopenedupIndonesia,established
colonyonsoutherntipofAfrica;BritishandFrenchbeganexplorationofNorth
America.WithexceptionofDutchcolonyinAfrica,mostofearlycolonizationlimitedto
establishmentoffortressesandtradingpostsoncoastsofexploredregions.
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
2) WhatwasthenatureoftheColombianExchange?
Answer: TheAmericasreceiveddiseasesfromEurope,Africanslaves,domesticatedanimals
(horses,cattle,swine);Westgotbullion,rawmaterials,Americancrops(corn,tobacco,
sugar,coffee,potato).BenefitsoftheexchangewerealmostentirelytotheEuropeans.
Asidefromtheintroductionoflargedomesticatedanimals,theAmericasbenefited
minimally.DiseasesravagedIndianpopulations.ImportationofAmericancropshelped
tofuelEuropeanpopulationgrowth,aidinreducingfoodshortages.
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
3) TheEuropeanexpansionofthe16thand17thcenturiescreatedanimbalanceinworldtrade.
Discusstheemergenceofdominantcoreareasandperipheraldependentzones.
Answer: Coreareaswerethoseareasoftheworldeconomytypifiedbyproductionof
manufacturedgoods,controlofshipping,monopolyofbanking,andcommercial
services.CoreareaswerelocatedprimarilyinnorthwesternEurope:Britain,France,
andHolland.Dependentzoneswereregionstypifiedbyproductionofrawmaterials,
supplyofbullion,plantationagricultureofcashcropsproducedbycoercivelabor
systems.DependentzonessurroundedtheEuropeancoreincludingsouthernand
easternEurope,Asia,andthecolonialdiscoveriesoftheEuropeanexplorers.
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
347
4) Priorto1600,whatareasoftheworldremainedoutsidetheglobaltradingnetwork?What
areaswerethenincorporatedintothenetworkafter1600?
Answer: EastAsia,particularlyChinaandJapanremainedoutsideofglobaltradenetwork;
MughalIndiaonlyminimallyinvolved;OttomanEmpirerestrictedtradetoEuropean
enclavesincities;Russiaalsoremainedoutsidesystem;outsideofslaveregions,Africa
notinvolved.After1600,IndiaincreasinglydominatedbyFranceandEngland;Eastern
EuropebroughtintosystemassupplierofgraintoWest.
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
5) Ofallthecolonialsystems,theAtlanticcoloniesofNorthAmericamostfullyincorporated
Westerncivilization.InwhatwaysweretheAtlanticcoloniessimilartotheWest?Inwhat
waysdidtheydiffer?
Answer: Similarities:marriagepatternswithemphasisonnuclearfamily;emphasisoncareof
children;developedrepresentativeinstitutionssimilartothoseofEurope;adopted
muchofEnlightenmentpoliticalphilosophy.Differences:lackedelaborateartand
urbanization;greatersenseofindividualfreedom,despiteexistenceofslaveryin
southerncolonies.economicconditionsmoreequalthaninEurope;lackofformal
aristocracy.
Diff:2
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348
Chapter22 TheTransformationoftheWest,1450-1750
1) WheredidtheRenaissancefirstdevelop?
A) Italy
B) Holland
C) England
D) Spain
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:480
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) WhichofthefollowingsequencesliststhemajordevelopmentsofWesterncivilizationin
propersequence?
A) ProtestantReformation,Renaissance,absolutemonarchy,Enlightenment
B) Absolutemonarchy,Renaissance,Enlightenment,ProtestantReformation
C) Renaissance,ProtestantReformation,absolutemonarchy,Enlightenment
D) Renaissance,ProtestantReformation,Enlightenment,absolutemonarchy
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:480-492
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
3) WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheRenaissanceisNOTaccurate?
A) TheRenaissancechallengedmedievalintellectualvaluesandstyles.
B) TheRenaissancesketchedbrasherspiritthatmayhavehelpedcreateanewWestern
interestinexploring.
C) TheRenaissancefailedtodevelopanynewideasconcerningpoliticalorganization.
D) TheRenaissancewasbuiltonamorecommercializedeconomy.
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Topic:TheFirstBigChanges:CultureandCommerce
Skill:Conceptual
349
4) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaparticipantinthe15thcenturyItalianRenaissance?
A) Michelangelo
B) LeonardodaVinci
C) NiccoloMachiavelli
D) Giotto
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
5) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningItalianhumanismismostaccurate?
A) Humanistsfocusedonhumankindasthecenterofintellectualandartisticendeavor.
B) HumanistsattackedChristianityasrifewithsuperstitionandwitchcraft.
C) Humanistscarvedoutnewliterarystyleswithoutreferencetoclassicalormedieval
models.
D) Humanistsemphasizedthecorporateandcommunalaspectsofhumansociety.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
6) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTanimpactoftheRenaissanceonpoliticsandcommerce?
A) Renaissancemerchantsimprovedbankingtechniquesandbecamemorecapitalist.
B) Underhumanistinfluence,warsamongItaliancity-statesbecamelessfrequentand
violent.
C) City-stateleadersexperimentedwithnewpoliticalformsandfunctionsandjustified
theirauthorityonthebasisofwhattheycoulddotoadvancethegeneralwell -being.
D) Thecity-statesintroducedtheregularexchangeofambassadorsandtheexerciseof
diplomacy.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
350
7) WhichofthefollowingaccountsinpartforthedeclineoftheItalianRenaissanceca.1500?
A) RoutesthroughRussiatotheEastundercuttheItalianmonopolyoftrade.
B) Thecreationofasinglenation-stateinnorthernItalysappedthevitalityofartistic
patronage.
C) FrenchandSpanishmonarchsinvadedthepeninsula,cuttingdownonpolitical
independence.
D) MuchofItalywasconqueredbytheOttomanTurks.
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
8) WhatwasoneoftheprimarydifferencesbetweentheNorthernandItalianRenaissances?
A) TheNorthernRenaissanceoccurredacenturyearlierthantheItalianRenaissance.
B) NorthernhumanistsfocusedmoreonreligionthantheirItaliancounterparts.
C) TherewerenomajorliteraryfiguresintheNorthernRenaissance.
D) TheNorthernRenaissancedidnotmakeuseoftheclassicallanguagestypicalofthe
ItalianRenaissance.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
9) JohannesGutenbergwasresponsiblefor
A) theunificationoftheHolyRomanEmpirein1537.
B) theconstructionofWittenbergcathedralduringthe15thcentury.
C) thedefeatoftheCatholicforcesduringtheThirtyYearsWar.
D) theinventionofmovabletypeintheWest.
Answer: D
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
351
10) WhatwastheEuropean-stylefamilypatternthatemergedinthe15thcentury?
A) Extendedfamilies,earlymarriageages
B) Nuclearfamilies,earlymarriageages
C) Extendedfamilies,latemarriageages
D) Nuclearfamilies,latemarriageages
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
11) WhatdeterminedtheageofmarriageformanypeopleinEurope?
A) Theoccupationofthehusband
B) Accesstorealproperty
C) Theapprovalofthechurch
D) Securinglicensetomarryfromthegovernment
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
12) Bythe16thcentury,atwhatagedidmostEuropeansmarry?
A) Earlyteens
B) Early20s
C) Mid20s
D) Late20s
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
13) WhoisgenerallycreditedwithinitiatingtheProtestantReformationin1517?
A) JeanCalvin
B) HenryVIII
C) IgnatiusLoyola
D) MartinLuther
Answer: D
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
352
14) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTareligiouspropositionadvancedbyMartinLuther?
A) Saleofindulgence,orgrantsofsalvation,formoneywaswrong
B) Onlyfaithcouldgainsalvation
C) Monasticismwaswrong
D) Priestsshouldpracticecelibacy
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:482
Skill:Conceptual
15) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribesthereasonwhyLutherpickedup
widespreadsupportamongtheGermanelite?
A) LutherproposedmovingthepapacyfromRometoGermany.
B) LutherssupportforamorecentralizedGermangovernmentunderthecontrolofthe
HolyRomanEmperorstruckaresponsivechordinGermannationalism.
C) GermanprinceswhoturnedProtestantcouldincreasetheirindependencefromthe
emperor,seizechurchlands,andcontrolthechurchintheirterritories.
D) LutherproposedthatindulgencesshouldbecollectedbytheHolyRomanEmperor
insteadofthepope.
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
16) WhichofthefollowingreasonssuggestswhycommonpeoplesupportedtheLutheran
Reformation?
A) LutheradvocatedtheoverthrowoftheauthorityoftheGermanprinces.
B) Lutheranismsanctionedmoney-makingandotherearthlypursuitsmorewholeheartedly
thandidtraditionalCatholicism.
C) Luthersreformsmeantthatindulgencesandotherecclesiasticalmeansofsalvation
wouldbecomelessexpensiveandmorereadilyavailabletothepoor.
D) LutheradvocatedredistributionoflandandpropertythroughoutGermany.
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
353
17) WhatwasthechurchestablishedbyHenryVIIIinEngland?
A) Lutheran
B) Calvinism
C) Jesuit
D) Anglican
Answer: D
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
18) ThetheologicalfoundationofJeanCalvinsProtestantismwas
A) thedoctrineofpenance.
B) iconodulism.
C) predestination.
D) solipsism.
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
19) WhatwasthepoliticalimpactofCalvinism?
A) DuetothelocationofthecenterofCalvinisminSwitzerland,mostgovernmentsthat
acceptedthenewreligionwerecity-states.
B) BecauseoftheinsistenceofCalvinismoftheacceptanceofasingleecclesiastical
authority,Calvinismspreadrapidlyamongtheabsolutemonarchies.
C) Calvinismwasregardedassopotentiallyrevolutionarythatitfailedtofindafoothold
outsideofGermany.
D) Calvinistssoughttheparticipationofallbelieversinchurchadministration,whichhad
thepoliticalimplicationsofencouragingtheideaofawideraccesstogovernment.
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
354
20) WhichofthefollowingareaswasNOTsuccessfullydefendedbytheCatholicReformation?
A) TheNetherlands
B) Poland
C) SouthernEurope
D) Hungary
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
21) WhatnewreligiousorderwasassociatedwiththeCatholicReformation?
A) Benedictines
B) Jesuits
C) Calvinists
D) Cistercians
Answer: B
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
22) TheEdictofNantes,issuedinFrancein1598,
A) grantedtolerancetoProtestantsandhelpedendtheFrenchcivilwarsofreligion.
B) establishedCalvinismasthestatereligionofFrance.
C) decreedtheabolitionofProtestantisminFrance.
D) declaredwaragainsttheLutheranprincesofGermany.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Factual
23) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaresultoftheThirtyYearsWar?
A) ItreducedGermanprosperityandpowerforafullcentury
B) ThetreatythatendedthewarestablishedSpainastheprincipalpowerofwestern
Europe
C) ThetreatythatendedthewargrantedpoliticalindependencetotheProtestant
Netherlands
D) SomeprincelystatesinGermanychoseonereligion,someanother
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
355
24) ThereligiouswarsthatfollowedtheProtestantReformationledgenerallyto
A) therestorationofCatholicunity.
B) theestablishmentofProtestantdominance.
C) alimitedacceptanceoftheideaofreligiouspluralism.
D) theendoftheinvolvementofthestateinreligion.
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
25) WhichofthefollowingstatesfellbackfromEuropeanascendancyfollowingthereligious
wars?
A) TheNetherlands
B) Spain
C) Britain
D) France
Answer: B
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
26) Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribesachangeinpopularmentalityas
aresultoftheProtestantReformation?
A) Protestantsweremorelikelytocreditmiraclesordivineinterruptionsinnaturescourse.
B) Protestantchurches,asphysicalstructures,weremorecloselyconnectedtomarket
activitiesinthecities,encouragingtheideathatreligionanddailylifewererelated.
C) ProtestantsandCatholicsconsideredthefamilyinmorepositivetermsnotsimplyasan
institutionnecessarybecauseofhumanlust.
D) Religiouschangetendedtodiscouragethegrowthofliteracyintheerafollowingthe
ProtestantReformation.
Answer: C
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
356
27) Whichofthefollowingwasnottypicalofthecommercialrevolutionofthe16thcentury?
A) SubstantialimportsofAmericanbullion
B) Formationofgreattradingcompanies
C) Stimulationofmanufacturing
D) Significantreductioninpricesencouragingconsumerspending
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
28) Theaveragewesternpeasantorartisanownedabouthowmanytimesmorethingsthanhis
orhercounterpartinsoutheasternEurope?
A) 10
B) five
C) eight
D) three
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:485
Skill:Factual
29) InflationandcommercializationintheWestproducedagroupofpeoplewithoutaccessto
producingpropertycalledthe
A) bourgeoisie.
B) sansculottes.
C) proletariat.
D) Provenales.
Answer: C
Diff:1
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Skill:Factual
357
30) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaWesternresponsetothecommercialrevolutionofthe16th
century?
A) Amorecaringattitudetowardtheproblemsofthepoor
B) Amoreelaboratefamilylifeincludinggreatermaterialwealth
C) Awaveofpopularprotestresultinginrisingscausedbymassivedislocation
D) Greaterbeliefinpersonalachievementandthedemystificationofnature
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:485
Skill:Conceptual
31) WhousedastronomicalobservationandmathematicalcalculationtodisprovetheHellenistic
beliefthattheEarthwasthecenteroftheuniverse?
A) Galileo
B) Copernicus
C) Vesalius
D) FrancisBacon
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:486
Topic:ScienceandPolitics:TheNextPhaseofChange
Skill:Factual
32) WilliamHarveywasresponsibleforwhatdiscoveryduringtheScientificRevolution?
A) Oxygen
B) Themathematicalformulaeforgravity
C) Themathematicalcalculus
D) Thecircularmovementofbloodinanimals
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:487
Skill:Factual
358
33) WhatwasIsaacNewtonsworkpublishedin1687thatdrewvarioustheoriestogetherintoa
frameworkofnaturallaws?
A) Analects
B) Principia
C) AnalogicaPedagogica
D) ArsMystica
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:487
Skill:Factual
34) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelysummarizestheviewofDeists?
A) Whiletheremaybeadivinity,itsroleisonlytosetnaturallawsinmotion.
B) Godcanbefoundinallelementsofcreation,whetherplant,animal,ormineral.
C) Theauthorityofthechurchisparamount,andallpoliticalpowerisderivedfromdivine
sanction.
D) TheinstitutionalchurchhasfailedWesternsociety,anditisnecessaryforthe
reestablishmentofthechurchthroughnewinstitutionsfoundedbythestate.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:487
Skill:Conceptual
35) HowdidtheWesternviewofsciencecomparewiththatofothercivilizations?
A) TheWestwastheonlycivilizationtodevelopscientificandtechnologicalexpertise.
B) InChina,sciencewasbasedonpractical,empiricaladvances.
C) TheWestwasnotaloneindevelopingcrucialscientificdata,butitsthinkerswerethe
onlyonestoseescienceinbroaderphilosophicaltermsascentraltointellectuallife.
D) IslamremainedvastlyaheadoftheWestintermsofscientificknowledge,despitethe
clearadvancesmadeduringthescientificrevolutionofthe16thand17thcenturies.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:487
Skill:Conceptual
359
36) Allofthefollowingweretypicalof16thcenturyabsolutemonarchyEXCEPT
A) aprofessionalizedarmy.
B) thecessationofparliamentarygovernment.
C) agrowingbureaucracy.
D) thedestructionofprovincialcouncils.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:489
Skill:Conceptual
37) Themonarchmostassociatedwithabsolutemonarchywas
A) CharlesIofEngland.
B) FrederickWilliamofPrussia.
C) WilliamofOrangeoftheNetherlands.
D) LouisXIVofFrance.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:489
Skill:Factual
38) WhichcountrydidLouisXIVrule?
A) Spain
B) France
C) England
D) Belgium
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:489
Skill:Conceptual
39) WherewasthebasicstructureofabsolutemonarchydevelopedoutsideofFrance?
A) TheNetherlands
B) Britain
C) Italy
D) Prussia
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:489
Skill:Factual
360
40) Whichofthefollowingstatesstoodapartfromthetrendtowardabsolutemonarchyinthe17th
centuryandretainedaparliamentaryregime?
A) France
B) Britain
C) Spain
D) Austria-Hungary
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:489
Skill:Factual
41) WhatmonarchisassociatedwiththeestablishmentofenlighteneddespotisminPrussiainthe
middleofthe18thcentury?
A) JosephII
B) MariaTeresa
C) WilliamIII
D) FredericktheGreat
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:492
Topic:TheWestby1750
Skill:Factual
42) TheaftermathoftheScientificRevolutionspilledoverintoanewintellectualmovementinthe
18thcenturycalledthe
A) Renaissance.
B) Enlightenment.
C) GreatAwakening.
D) Risorgimento.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:492
Topic:TheWestby1750
Skill:Factual
361
43) AdamSmithseconomictheoryadvocated
A) governmentinterventioninordertocontroltheflowofbullionthroughextensivetariff
systems.
B) theuseofacontrolledmoneysupplyasameansoflimitinginflation.
C) thatgovernmentsavoidregulationinfavoroftheoperationofindividualinitiativeand
marketforces.
D) theinstitutionofstate-controlledguildstofixstandardsofproductionandwages.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:492
Topic:TheWestby1750
Skill:Conceptual
44) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTabasicprincipleoftheEnlightenment?
A) Societysgoalsshouldcenteronimprovementsinmaterialandsociallife.
B) Religionsthatreliedonfaithorrefusedtotoleratediversitywerewrong.
C) Ifpeoplewerenotcontrolled,generalsocialdeclinewasinevitable.
D) Humanbeingsarenaturallygoodandcanbeeducatedtobebetter.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:492
Topic:TheWestby1750
Skill:Conceptual
45) Whichofthefollowingchangesassociatedwithtreatmentofchildrenwasassociatedwiththe
Enlightenment?
A) Parentsbecamemoreinterestedinfreermovementandgreaterinteractionforyoung
children.
B) Physicaldisciplineofchildrentoencouragetheirdevelopmentbecamemorecommon.
C) Swaddlingofinfantscontinuedasameansofprotectinginfantsfrominjury.
D) Childhoodwasnolongerperceivedasastageforlearningandgrowth.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:494
Topic:TheWestby1750
Skill:Conceptual
362
46) Howdidagriculturechangeinthelate17thcentury?
A) WesternEuropecontinuedtorelylargelyonthemethodsandtechniquescharacteristic
oftheMiddleAges.
B) TomatoeswereintroducedfromtheAmericasandrapidlybecameamajorfoodsourcein
westernEurope.
C) Thepracticeoffallowingwasintroducedtorestorefertilityoffields.
D) Newtechnologyandbetterstock-breedingmethodsresultedinhigherproductivity.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:494
Topic:TheWestby1750
Skill:Conceptual
47) Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribesthenatureofmanufacturingin
thelater18thcentury?
A) Thefactorysystemwaswellestablishedsincethecommercialrevolutionofthe16th
centuryandcontinuedtodevelopduringthisperiod.
B) Bythe18thcenturytheeconomicgrowthtypicalofthe16thcenturyhadhalted,and
manufacturingsufferedfromthewithdrawalofcapital.
C) The18thcenturywitnessedarapidspreadofhouseholdproductionoftextilesandmetal
products,mostlybyruralworkerswhoalternatedmanufacturingwithsomeagriculture.
D) Thelackofnewtechnologycausedabottleneckinthemanufacturingprocessesandled
tostagnationinEuropeanproductivity.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:494
Topic:TheWestby1750
Skill:Conceptual
48) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningmid-18thcenturyWesternsocietyismost
accurate?
A) Agriculturalchanges,commercialism,andmanufacturinghadcombinedtoproducea
rapidlygrowingpopulationintheWest.
B) Radicalchangesinthenatureofgovernmentresultedinthecreationofessentiallynew
politicalforms.
C) AsaresultoftheEnlightenment,establishedchurchesnolongerwereforcestobe
reckonedwithinWesternsociety.
D) Thespreadofdomesticmanufacturingdestroyedthetraditionalhabitsandfamily
patternsofearlierEurope.
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:494
Topic:TheWestby1750
Skill:Conceptual
363
49) By1750,thestrandsofcommercial,cultural,andpoliticalchangehadbeencombinedtocreate
A) anunstablepoliticalenvironmentthatwouldeventuallyregressbackwards.
B) proofoftheinnatesuperiorityofWesterncivilization.
C) rapidadaptationnotfoundinothercivilizations.
D) anunusualversionofanagriculturalcivilization.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:495
Topic:Conclusion:InnovationandInstability
Skill:Conceptual
50) In1733,JamesKayofEnglandintroduced
A) double-entrybookkeepingtoWesternEurope.
B) theflyingshuttletoautomateweaving.
C) thesteamengine.
D) thepotatotoEuropeanagriculture.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:495
Topic:TheWestby1750
Skill:Factual
EssayQuestions
1) InwhatwayswasWesternEuropein1750differentfromthemedievalWest?
Answer: Economymorecommercialized,developmentofnewsocialgroups(proletariat)
associatedwithprocess;revolutioninWesterncultureassociatedwiththeScientific
RevolutionandEnlightenment;movementfromfeudalmonarchytomorecentralized
nation-state,eitherabsolutemonarchyorparliamentarymonarchy;Westmostdynamic
world-widetraderandcolonizer.
Diff:2
PageRef:478-496
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) CompareandcontrasttheRenaissanceandtheScientificRevolution.
Answer: Renaissanceemphasizedliteraryandartisticclassicism;basedonhumanism,greater
secularisminItaly;NorthernRenaissancemoreorientedtowardChristianity;Scientific
Revolutionbasedondevelopmentofnaturallaws;greaterbeliefinhumanperfectibility;
sciencebrokewithclassicalperceptions;destructionofAristotelianandPtolemaic
astronomy.
Diff:2
PageRef:480-489
Skill:Conceptual
364
3) Inwhatwaysdidthecommercialrevolutionofthe16thcenturychangethesocialstructureof
theWest?
Answer: Producedproletariat, peoplewithoutaccesstorealproperty;workedindomestic
manufacturing,asagriculturallabor,orasunemployed,urbanpoor;createdgreater
divisionsbetweenestatessignifiedbypopularrisingsof16thand17thcenturies;
distrustofpoorreflectedinwitchcrafthysteria.
Diff:2
PageRef:485-489
Skill:Conceptual
4) Howwastheabsolutemonarchyofthe17thcenturydifferentfromthepoliticalformsofthe
MiddleAges?
Answer: Balancebetweenmonarchyandnoblesshiftedinfavorofthemonarchy;lossoffeudal
independence;monarchsgainednewpowers;moreambitiousmilitaryorganization
markedbyprofessionalizedarmies,improvedmethodsoftaxcollection;appointmentof
bureaucraciesmorecommon;declineofparliamentarygovernment;useofmercantilism
asstate-controlledeconomicsystem.
Diff:2
PageRef:489-492
Skill:Conceptual
5) HowdidtheEnlightenmenteffectchangesinpopularoutlook?
Answer: Beliefinhumanperfectibility,applicationofscientificdiscoveriestoimprovementof
humancondition;reasonwaskeytotruth,whilereligionwasafflictedwith
superstition;changesinupbringingofchildren,reductionofphysicaldiscipline,more
education,greaterbondsoffamilialaffection;changesineconomyreflectedinmass
consumerism;greatertechnologyappliedtoagriculture,nitrogen-fixingcrops,land
drainage,improvedstock-breeding,newtoolssuchasseeddrill,introductionofpotato
asmajorfoodcrop;growthofreadingclubs,coffeehouses,andpopularentertainment.
Diff:2
PageRef:492-494
Topic:TheWestby1750
Skill:Conceptual
365
Chapter23 TheRiseofRussia
1) MuchoftheterritoryaddedtotheRussianempirewas
A) Balkan.
B) African.
C) Asian.
D) Polynesian.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:500
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
2) WhatpoliticalcenterservedasthefocalpointfortheRussianliberationfromtheMongols?
A) Kiev
B) DuchyofMoscow
C) St.Petersburg
D) PrincipateofNovgorod
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:500
Topic:RussiasExpansionistPoliciesUndertheTsars
Skill:Factual
3) UnderwhatRussianrulerwasalargepartofRussiafreedfromMongolcontrolinthe15th
century?
A) PeterIII
B) IvanIII
C) IvanIV
D) AlexisRomanov
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:500
Skill:Factual
366
4) WhatwasthestateoftheRussianeconomyimmediatelyaftertheexpulsionoftheMongolsin
the15thcentury?
A) Russiawasalreadyadependentregionwithintheglobaleconomydominatedbythe
West.
B) FueledbytheestablishmentoftheTartartraderouteswiththeEast,Russiahad
developedasignificantexporttradeandmerchantclass.
C) Russiahadbecomeamorepurelyagriculturaleconomy,dependentonpeasantlabor.
D) RussiaseconomictieswerealmostexclusivelywiththeOttomanEmpireandhencewith
Africa.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:500
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhatgovernmentdidIvantheGreatclaimtohavesucceededasthethirdRome?
A) TheByzantineEmpire
B) TheAbbasidEmpire
C) TheOttomanEmpire
D) TheUmayyadEmpire
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:500
Skill:Factual
6) IvanIV,calledIvantheTerrible,
A) wishedtoconfirmtsaristautocracybyattackingtheauthorityofboyars.
B) abandonedtheprinciplesofterritorialexpansioninfavorofcentralizingpowerathome.
C) alliedhimselfwiththeRussianaristocracyinapolicyofpoliticaldecentralization.
D) wasresponsiblefortheincorporationofPolandintotheRussianEmpire.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:500
Skill:Conceptual
367
7) WhydidtheRussianexpansionpolicyfocusparticularlyoncentralAsia?
A) TheRussianswishedtoseizecontrolofthetraderouteswithChina.
B) MostoftheRussianpopulationremainedethnicallyMongolwithclearculturaltiesto
centralAsia.
C) Therewerenaturalbarrierstowestwardexpansion.
D) TheRussiansweremotivatedbyadesiretopushtheformerMongoloverlordsfarther
backtopreventrenewedinvasion.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:500
Skill:Conceptual
8) PeasantsrecruitedtomigratetonewlyseizedlandsintheRussianEmpirewerecalled
A) emigrati.
B) boyars.
C) Cossacks.
D) OldBelievers.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:501
Skill:Factual
9) WhatwastheimpactofearlyRussianexpansiononcentralAsia?
A) None
B) IndependentcentralAsia,thesourceofnomadicculturesandinvasionforces,was
eliminated
C) ChinesetradewasrefocusedthroughRussiaandeasternEurope
D) Russiansocietybecamemoreculturallyandethnicallyhomogeneous
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:501
Skill:Conceptual
368
10) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaformofcontactwiththeWestduringthereignsofthe
Ivans?
A) DiplomaticmissionsweresenttoleadingWesternstates
B) WesternmerchantsestablishedoutpostsinMoscowandothercenters
C) Italianartistsandcraftsmenwereimportedtodesignchurchbuildingsandtheroyal
palaceintheKremlin
D) MilitaryalliancesweresignedwithSpainandPortugal
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:501-502
Skill:Conceptual
11) FollowingthedeathofIvanIV,Russianboyarsattemptedtolimittsaristautocracyandgain
governingrightsforthemselvesduringthe
A) Russiancivilwar.
B) BoyarWar.
C) TimeofTroubles.
D) GreatSchism.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:502
Skill:Factual
12) Whatfamilywasselectedin1613toestablishanewrulingdynastyinRussia?
A) Romanov
B) Radishev
C) Molotov
D) Habsburg
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:502
Skill:Factual
369
13) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTanaccomplishmentofTsarMichael?
A) Theestablishmentofinternalorder
B) Drivingoutforeigninvaders
C) Restorationofautocracy
D) InclusionofpartoftheUkraine,includingKiev,intheRussianempire
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:502
Skill:Conceptual
14) Whattsarwasresponsiblefortheabolitionoftheassembliesofthenoblesandreformofthe
Orthodoxchurch?
A) IvanIII
B) IvanIV
C) PeterIII
D) Alexis
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:502
Skill:Factual
15) RussianswhorefusedtoaccepttsaristreformsoftheOrthodoxchurchandwhowereexiledto
Siberiafortheirconservatismwerecalled
A) Cossacks.
B) boyars.
C) Bogomils.
D) OldBelievers.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:502
Skill:Factual
16) Politically,whataspectsofWesternculturedidPetertheGreatemulateinRussia?
A) Parliamentarygovernment
B) Aristocraticcontrolofthebureaucracy
C) Streamlinedbureaucracyandreorganizedmilitary
D) Republicanism
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:503
Topic:RussiasFirstWesternization
Skill:Conceptual
370
17) WhatcountrydidPetertheGreatgotowarwithandasaresultgainterritoryontheeastern
coastoftheBalticSea?
A) China
B) England
C) TheOttomanEmpire
D) Sweden
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:504
Skill:Conceptual
18) WhatseabecamecriticalinthedevelopmentofRussianpowerduringthereignofPeterthe
Great?
A) Caspian
B) Mediterranean
C) Baltic
D) Azov
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:504
Skill:Factual
19) WhichofthefollowingwasNOToneofPetertheGreatspoliticalreforms?
A) Improvedmilitaryweaponry
B) Eliminationofnoblecouncils
C) Reductionoftaxesonthepeasantry
D) Systemizationoflawcodes
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:504
Skill:Conceptual
20) PetertheGreatestablishedanewcapitalforRussiaat
A) Kiev.
B) Moscow.
C) Novgorod.
D) St.Petersburg.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:504
Skill:Factual
371
21) WherewasPetertheGreatsprogramofeconomicdevelopmentconcentrated?
A) Clothproduction
B) Miningandmetallurgicalindustries
C) Urbanization
D) Potteryproduction
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:504
Skill:Factual
22) WhatwasthepurposeofPetertheGreatspolicyofeconomicdevelopment?
A) Tocreateafreeworkingclassdevotedtoindustryratherthanagriculture
B) Tocreateawealthymerchantclasscapableoffinancingfurtherexpansion
C) ToraisethestandardoflivingofallRussians
D) Toavoidtheneedofimportingmilitaryarmaments
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:504
Skill:Conceptual
23) WhatwasthelimitationofPetertheGreatspoliciesofculturalWesternization?
A) HemadenoattempttointroduceWesterneducation,particularlyintechnological
subjects.
B) Westernizationwaslimitedtotheelite.
C) Petermadenoattempttoenforceculturalreforms.
D) Despitetsaristproclamations,WesternizationfailedtohaveanyimpactonRussian
society.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:505
Skill:Conceptual
24) FollowingthedeathofPetertheGreat,thenextpowerfulrulerofRussiawas
A) CatherinetheGreat.
B) PeterIII.
C) IvanIV.
D) AlexanderIII.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:505
Skill:Factual
372
25) WhatwasCatherinetheGreatsattitudetowardtheprogramofWesternization?
A) CatherineflirtedvigorouslywiththeideasoftheFrenchEnlightenment,butfailedto
takestepstoabolishserfdom.
B) CatherinerejectedtheconceptsofWesternizationinfavorofadistinctiveRussian
culture.
C) CatherineearnedthetitleofEnlightenedMonarchbyfullyembracingtheideasofthe
FrenchEnlightenment,includingtheabolitionoftheserfs.
D) CatherinewaseagertocontinuethepolicyofWesternization,butwasunabletoattract
WesternphilosopherstobackwardRussia.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:506
Skill:Conceptual
26) WhatwastherelationshipbetweenCatherinetheGreatsgovernmentandlocal
administration?
A) ThegovernmentestablishedbyCatherinetheGreatexercisedexclusivecontroloverboth
centralandlocalgovernment.
B) Thetsaristgovernmentcombinedarealmonopolyofformalpoliticsbyacentral
administration,butovernoble-ownedestatesthepowerofthegovernmentwas
nonexistent.
C) Thepowersofthegovernmentwereexercisedalmostentirelybythenobilityandlittle
formalauthoritywasexercisedbythecentraladministration.
D) UnderCatherinetheGreat,therewaslittlecentralauthority,butvillagegovernments
underthejurisdictionofpeasantheadmencontinuedtofunction.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:506
Skill:Conceptual
27) TheRussianradicalandnoblemanwho,inspiredbythephilosophiesoftheWest,urgedthe
abolitionofserfdomduringthereignofCatherinetheGreatwas
A) Turgenev.
B) Pugachev.
C) Ulanov.
D) Radishev.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:506
Skill:Factual
373
28) WhichofthefollowingareaswasNOTcolonizedorclaimedbytheRussianEmpireduringthe
reignofCatherinetheGreat?
A) Alaska
B) PartsofSiberia
C) Bengal
D) ThePacificcoastofNorthAmericaasfarsouthasmodernCalifornia
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:508
Skill:Factual
29) AllofthefollowingcountriesparticipatedinthesuccessivepartitionsofPolandEXCEPT
A) Prussia.
B) Hungary.
C) Austria.
D) Russia.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:506
Skill:Factual
30) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthepoliticalvoiceoftheRussiannobilityismost
accurate?
A) ThepoliticsoftheRussiannobilitywereexpressedthroughserviceinthetsariststateand
thepreeminentpowertheywieldedoverthepeasantserfs.
B) TheRussiannobilityexercisedenormousinfluencethroughthepowerfulassembliesthat
continuedtolegislatethroughthe18thcentury.
C) TheexclusionoftheRussiannobilityunderCatherinetheGreatfromanyroleinthe
centralgovernmentorthemilitaryrelegatedthemtostrictlylocalauthority.
D) UnderCatherinetheGreattheRussiannobilitywasvirtuallyexterminated.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:508
Topic:ThemesinEarlyModernRussianHistory
Skill:Conceptual
374
31) WhatwasoneoftheprimarydifferencesbetweenthesocialorganizationoftheWestand
Russiainthe17thand18thcenturies?
A) RussiasmerchantclasswasmorefullydevelopedthanthatoftheWest.
B) TheWesthadnoformalaristocracybythe18thcentury,butinRussiathenobility
retainedtheirpoliticalandsocialfunction.
C) RussiasawaprogressiveintensificationofserfdomwhiletheWestwasrelaxingthis
institutioninfavorofotherlaborsystems.
D) TheagriculturallaboroftheWestwassubjecttoamorerestrictiveformofserfdomthan
thatofRussia.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:510
Skill:Conceptual
32) WhendidRussianserfdombecomehereditary?
A) 1482
B) 1558
C) 1618
D) 1649
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:509
Skill:Factual
33) ThedevelopmentofcoercivelaborsystemsineasternEuropewasindicativeof
A) RussiaseconomicdominanceoverAsiantrade.
B) easternEuropesgrowingeconomicsubordinationtotheWest.
C) thecreationofacoreeconomiczoneinRussia.
D) thedevelopmentofindustrialstrengthintheregion.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:509
Skill:Conceptual
375
34) WhatportionoftheRussianpeasantrywereserfsin1800?
A) Half
B) Quarter
C) 10percent
D) Fivepercent
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:509
Skill:Factual
35) WhatpercentageoftheRussianpopulationremainedruralinthe18thcentury?
A) 95percent
B) 75percent
C) 60percent
D) 50percent
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:510
Skill:Factual
36) WholedtheRussianpeasantrebellionofthe1770s?
A) Radishev
B) Constantinov
C) Pugachev
D) Kosygin
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:510
Skill:Factual
37) AsubstantialmerchantclassinRussiaduringthe18thcentury
A) wasrestrictedtothecitiesofMoscow,Novgorod,andSt.Petersburg.
B) sprangfrompeasantorigins.
C) emergedamongthelessernobilitywithintheRussiancities.
D) failedtodevelop.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:510
Skill:Conceptual
376
38) ComparedtoWesterngovernments,howgreataroledidtheRussiangovernmentplayin
economicdevelopment?
A) Becauseoftheabsenceofamerchantclass,theRussiangovernmentplayedagreaterrole
thanwascommoninWesternstates.
B) LiketheWest,thegovernmentsroleintheeconomywaslargelyrestrictedto
establishingtariffsandprotectivemeasuresfordomesticindustries.
C) BecauseofthedependentnatureoftheRussianeconomy,thegovernmentplayeda
relativelylesssignificantroleineconomicdevelopment.
D) TheRussiangovernmenthadnoroleineconomicdevelopment,atasktheyabandoned
toforeigninvestors.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:510
Skill:Conceptual
39) WhichofthefollowingisNOTindicativeofRussiasgrowingeconomicdependenceonthe
Westduringthe18thcentury?
A) Exportationofrawmaterials, furs,grain,andtimber
B) Importationofluxuriesandsomemanufacturedgoods
C) Acoercivelaborsystem
D) Self-sufficiencyinmetalsandweapons
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:510
Skill:Conceptual
40) WholedapeasantrebellioninRussiainthe1770s?
A) PetertheIII
B) CatherinetheGreat
C) PetertheGreat
D) Pugachev
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:510
Skill:Conceptual
377
41) IvantheGreatdeclaredthattheRussianEmpirewasthesuccessortowhichgreatempire?
A) HanChina
B) Rome
C) GuptaIndia
D) TheOttomanEmpire
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:500
Skill:Factual
42) EasternEuropesharedwithRussiaallofthefollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPT
A) thedominanceofthelandedaristocracy.
B) rigidserfdom.
C) thelackofanativecommercialclassandasignificanturbanculture.
D) thedevelopmentofempire.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:511
Topic:Conclusion:RussiaandEasternEurope
Skill:Conceptual
43) WhateasternEuropeannationdeclinedmostdramaticallyafter1500?
A) Poland
B) Hungary
C) Austria
D) Prussia
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:511
Skill:Conceptual
44) HowdidthePolishgovernmentdifferfromtheRussianmodelafter1600?
A) Polandwasmoreurbanized
B) Thecentralgovernmentwaspowerless
C) Therewasanabsenceofamerchantclass
D) Polandlackedalandedaristocracy
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:511
Skill:Conceptual
378
EssayQuestions
1) WhatwasthenatureofearlyRussianexpansionundertheIvans?
Answer: EarlyexpansionfocusedoncentralAsia;needtodriveMongolsfartherfromRussia;
extendedtoUralMountainsinWestandCaspianSeatothesouth;recruitedpeasantsto
migratetonewlyconqueredterritories;Cossacksservedbothagriculturalandmilitary
purposes;newterritoriessimilartoWesterncolonialism,becameeconomically
dependentonRussia;eliminatedindependentcentralAsiaassourceofnomadic
invasions;incorporatedmanyethnicandreligiousgroupsintoempire.
Diff:2
PageRef:500-502
Skill:Conceptual
2) InwhatwaydidPetertheGreatreformtheeconomyandgovernmentofRussiathrough
Westernization?
Answer: Economy:builtupmetallurgicalandminingindustries;primarypurposewastomake
militarytechnology,remainindependentofWest;suppliedindustrieswithcheaplabor
sourcefromserfs.Politics:seizedonabsolutistformsofgovernmentinWest;organized
militaryalongWesternlines;builtnavy;completeddestructionofnoblecouncils;
provincialgovernorsappointedfromcenter;rationalizedlawcodes;newtaxsystem
installed.
Diff:2
PageRef:502-505
Skill:Conceptual
3) InwhatwayswerethepoliciesofWesternizationundertakenbyPetertheGreatandCatherine
theGreatmoreappearancethansubstance?
Answer: PetertheGreat:culturalchangesonlyaffectedelite;noattempttoextendreformsto
masses;economicreformssignificant,butnoattempttoestablishexportingindustries,
onlyinterestedinmilitarytechnology.CatherinetheGreat:interestedinFrench
Enlightenment,butintroducednomeaningfulreformalongEnlightenmentlines;no
attempttocureproblemsofcoercivelaborsystem;legalsystemactuallymadeharsher;
nobilitygivenalmostabsolutecontrolovermasses;governmentlostcontactwithserfs
inreturnforaristocraticgovernmentservice.
Diff:2
PageRef:502-508
Skill:Conceptual
4) Whatweretheprimarydifferencesbythe18thcenturybetweenRussiaandtheWest?
Answer: DominanceofthenobilitygreaterthaninWest;dependentonincreasinglycoercive
systemofserfdomasWestwasdevelopingdifferentlaborpatterns;by1649serfdom
wasahereditarycaste;failureofurbanization;lackofsubstantialmerchantclassleft
stateincontrolofcapitalizingindustrialdevelopment;remainedalmostentirely
agricultural;couldnotavoiddependenceonWest.
Diff:2
PageRef:508-510
Skill:Conceptual
379
Chapter24 EarlyLatinAmerica
1) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTcharacteristicofIberiansociety?
A) Heavyurbanization
B) Absenceofslaveholdingtraditions
C) Emphasisonnobility
D) Emphasisonpatriarchalideals
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:517
Topic:SpaniardsandPortuguese:FromReconquesttoConquest
Skill:Conceptual
2) HowwasthecommercialexperienceofthePortugueseextendedtotheAmericas?
A) ThePortuguesewerefamiliarwiththeroutestotheFarEastthatresultedinthe
circumnavigationoftheglobe.
B) ThePortuguesewereresponsiblefortheuseofgalleysintheAtlanticpassage.
C) ThePortugueseexperienceinAfricaandtheirinvolvementinslavetradingwas
extendedtotheAmericas.
D) ThePortugueseintroductionoftobaccoestateagricultureintotheCaribbeanwasa
significantfactorinAmericancolonization.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:517
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhereintheAmericasdidtheSpanishcreatethemodelsthatwereappliedthroughouttheir
possessionsintheNewWorld?
A) Mexico
B) Peru
C) Brazil
D) TheCaribbean
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:518
Skill:Factual
380
4) ThefirstSpanishcolonyintheNewWorldwasestablishedon
A) Hispaniola.
B) Cuba.
C) PuertoRico.
D) theAntilles.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:518
Skill:Factual
5) HowdidSpanishAmericacitiesdifferfromthoseofEurope?
A) Americancitieswerelaidoutinagridplan
B) Americancitieslackedchurches
C) TherewasanabsenceofcommerceinAmericancities
D) TherewerenoCaribbeancities
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:519
Skill:Conceptual
6) ThegrantsofIndianstoindividualSpaniardsasalaborsystemwerecalled
A) obrajes.
B) consulados.
C) encomiendas.
D) audiencias.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:518
Skill:Factual
7) WhatgroupofIndianssuppliedagriculturallaborfortheSpaniardsintheCaribbean?
A) Aztec
B) Lakota
C) Unami
D) Taino
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:518
Skill:Factual
381
8) TheDominicanfriarBartolome deLasCasas,aconquistadorturnedpriest
A) wasresponsibleforthebrutallawsoppressingtheIndians.
B) becameanardentsupporterofconversionofIndiansandanadvocateofIndianrights.
C) wasresponsibleforthebloodyannihilationoftheIndianpopulationofTenochtitlanin
1520.
D) wasnamedheadoftheCounciloftheIndiesin1518.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:520
Skill:Factual
9) ThemanresponsiblefortheconquestoftheAztecEmpireinMexicowas
A) FranciscoPizarro.
B) PedrodeValdivia.
C) HernanCortes.
D) FranciscoVazquezdeCoronado.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:522
Skill:Factual
10) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthemenwhoconqueredmuchofLatinAmerica
forSpainisNOTaccurate?
A) Fewoftheconquerorswereprofessionalsoldiers
B) Leadershipwasbasedonreputationandpastachievement
C) AnagreementwasdrawnupbetweentheleaderandtheSpanishcrownthatgranted
authorityfortheexpeditioninreturnforapromisetopayone-fifthofalltreasuretothe
crown
D) Theconquerors,manyofhumbleorigins,cametoseethemselvesasanewnobility
entitledtodominionoveranewpeasantrytheIndians
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:523
Skill:Conceptual
382
11) AllofthefollowingwereadvantagestheSpanishenjoyedovertheIndiansEXCEPT
A) epidemicdiseasethatweakenedtheIndiansandreducedtheirnumbers.
B) horses,firearms,steelweapons.
C) internaldivisionsandinternalrivalriesamongtheIndians.
D) thefailureofnomadictribestomountsignificantresistancetoconquest.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:523
Skill:Conceptual
12) WhataccountedforthemajorityofthepopulationlosssufferedbyNativeAmericansafterthe
Europeanarrival?
A) Lossesinwarfare
B) Enslavement
C) Epidemicdiseases
D) FailureofmarriagepatternsamongtheIndians
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:523
Topic:TheDestructionandTransformationofIndianSocieties
Skill:Conceptual
13) ThetremendousdeclineoftheIndianpopulationwasmatchedbytherapidincreasein
A) technologicaldevelopment.
B) Europeanlivestock.
C) Spanishwomen.
D) importsofcottoncloth.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:524
Skill:Conceptual
14) WhichofthefollowingIndianinstitutionswasretainedbytheSpanishtoserveEuropean
administrativepurposes?
A) NativeAmericanreligion
B) Thepriestlyclass
C) TheIndiannobility
D) TheAztecemperor
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:524
Skill:Factual
383
15) Whyweretheencomiendasdiscontinuedbythe1620s?
A) TheSpanishcrownwasunwillingtoseethegrowthofanewnobilityintheNewWorld.
B) TheIndiansrefusedtocontinuetoserveundertheimperialconditionsestablishedinthe
1500sanddemandedanewarrangementwiththeSpanishcrown.
C) Despitethecontinuedeconomicprosperityoftheencomienda system,theSpanishcrown
discontinuedtheminordertoestablishafreelaborsystemintheAmericas.
D) TheviceroysoftheAmericancoloniesorderedtheirabolitioninfavorofenslavementof
theIndianpopulation.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:524
Skill:Conceptual
16) Thecolonialgovernmentsreplacedthelaboroftheencomienda withIndianlaborextracted

throughlocalofficials.Suchforcedlaborwascalledthe
A) consulado.
B) mita.
C) obrajes.
D) peninsulares.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:524
Skill:Factual
17) Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribesthenatureoftheeconomyin
SpanishAmerica?
A) ThemajorityofpeopleinLatinAmericawererapidlyorganizedintoalightindustrial
economyintendedtoproducegoodsforAmericansociety.
B) Althoughthemajorityofpeoplewereengagedinagriculture,thewholeSpanish
commercialsystemwasorganizedaroundtheminingeconomy.
C) LatinAmericareceivedalmostitsentirefoodsupplyfromEurope,becausetheSpanish
colonieswereentirelygearedtotheproductionofsugaronestateagriculturalsystems.
D) TheagriculturaleconomyofLatinAmericaabsorbedvirtuallyitsentirepopulation
becauseoftheabsenceoflargedomesticatedanimalspriorto1800.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:526-527
Topic:ColonialEconomiesandGovernments
Skill:Conceptual
384
18) Thegreatestsilverminewaslocatedat
A) Huancavelica.
B) MexicoCity.
C) Santiago.
D) Potosi.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:527
Skill:Factual
19) WhywasthediscoveryofmercuryinPerucriticaltothecolonialeconomy?
A) Mercurywasevenmorevaluablethansilverasanexportcommodity.
B) MercurywasacriticalfoodcomponentforthegrowinglivestockinventoriesofNew
Worldranches.
C) Mercurywasindispensabletotheextractionofsilverfromore-bearingrock.
D) MercurybecameamediumofexchangeinplaceofmoneyintheAmericaneconomy.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:528
Skill:Conceptual
20) Becauseoftheswitchfromindigenousmethodsofminingtotheextractionofsilverthrougha
processofamalgamationwithmercury,silverproductionintheAmericasexpandedrapidly
after
A) 1600.
B) 1610.
C) 1630.
D) 1580.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:528
Skill:Factual
385
21) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheagriculturalsystemofSpanishAmericais
NOTaccurate?
A) ColonistsfacedwithdecliningIndianpopulationsfoundlandownershipmoreattractive.
B) Inplaceswherelargesedentarypopulationsexisted,Indiancommunalagricultureof
traditionalcropscontinued.
C) PlantationcropslikesugarandlatercacaowereexportedtoEuropeinsufficient
quantitiestoexceedthevalueofbullionexports.
D) SpanishAmericaremainedpredominantlyanagrarianeconomy.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:528
Skill:Conceptual
22) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheSpanishcommercialsystemismost
accurate?
A) ThemerchantguildinSevillehadvirtualmonopolyrightsovergoodsshippedto
Americaandhandledmuchofthesilverreceivedinreturnuntilthe18thcentury.
B) AlltradefromSpainafterthemid-16thcenturywasfunnelledthroughthecityof
Madrid.
C) NearlyalltradewiththeSpanishcolonieswascarriedinshipsbuiltintheNewWorld
andcaptainedbycolonists.
D) Theintentoftheconsulado wastokeeppricesintheSpanishcolonieslow.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:529
Skill:Conceptual
23) TheSpanishconvoysystemthatcontrolledtradewiththeAmericaswasmadepossiblebythe
developmentof
A) theastrolabe.
B) galleons.
C) oaredgalleys.
D) gunpowder.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:529
Skill:Factual
386
24) InwhatwaydidtheimportationofAmericanbullionnegativelyaffecttheSpanisheconomy?
A) TheapparentdependenceofSpainonitsbullionsupplycausedEuropeanbankersto
avoidloaningmoneytotheSpanishgovernment.
B) Americanbullionmadeupnearly90percentofSpainsstaterevenue,sothatany
disruptioninthearrivalofsilverfromAmericaplungedthegovernmentintocrisis.
C) ThesupplyofbulliontoSpainwashighlyirregular,sothatthegovernmentcouldnot
accuratelygaugeitsincomeoranticipateitsexpenditures.
D) ThearrivalofAmericantreasurecontributedtoasharpriseinpricesandageneral
inflation.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:529
Skill:Conceptual
25) TheTreatyofTordesillasof1494dividedtheworldintospheresofinfluencebelongingto
A) PortugalandCastile.
B) SpainandFrance.
C) Portugal,Spain,andEngland.
D) SpainandEngland.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:529
Skill:Factual
26) WhatgroupofpeoplewasmostcriticaltothebureaucraticadministrationoftheSpanish
coloniesinAmerica?
A) Friarsandmonks
B) Thenobility
C) University-trainedlawyers
D) Militarycommanders
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:529
Skill:Factual
387
27) ThelawcodethatbecamethebasisoflawintheIndieswascalledthe
A) CasadelaContratacion.
B) Recopilacion.
C) CorpusJurisCivilis.
D) LegaliaIndiana.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:529
Skill:Factual
28) TheviceroyaltiesofNewSpainandPeruweredividedinto10judicialdivisionscontrolledby
superiorcourts,or
A) consulados.
B) audiencias.
C) obrajes.
D) encomiendas.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:529
Skill:Factual
29) TheCatholicchurchintroducedallofthefollowingtoAmericanlifeEXCEPT
A) universities.
B) theconstructionofbaroquechurches.
C) thesenseofindependencefromthestate.
D) theprintingpress.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:530-531
Skill:Conceptual
30) Whatcolonybecamethefirstmajorplantationzone,organizedtoproduceatropicalcropin
demandinEurope?
A) Mexico
B) Brazil
C) Chile
D) Peru
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:531
Topic:Brazil:TheFirstPlantationEconomy
Skill:Factual
388
31) ThefirstlandfallinthecolonyofBraziltookplacein1500undertheleadershipof
A) HernanCortes.
B) FranciscoPizarro.
C) PedrodeValdivia.
D) PedroAlvaresCabral.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:531
Skill:Factual
32) Between1532and1549,colonizationinBrazilwasinthehandsofminorPortuguesenobles
grantedstripsoflandcalled
A) consulados.
B) captaincies.
C) duchies.
D) proprietarycolonies.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:531
Skill:Factual
33) By1700,slavescomprisedapproximatelywhatproportionoftheBrazilianpopulation?
A) onequarter
B) onethird
C) onehalf
D) twothirds
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:531
Skill:Factual
34) TheBrazilianmodelofaplantationcolonywaslaterfollowedinthe18thcenturybyother
Europeannationsin
A) Mexico.
B) Canada.
C) Panama.
D) theCaribbean.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:531
Skill:Factual
389
35) WhatwastheprimarydifferencebetweentheSpanishandPortugueseempires?
A) PortuguesecoloniesdidnothavetheheavyinfluenceoftheCatholicchurchfoundin
Spanishcolonies.
B) PortuguesecolonieslackedthebureaucraticstructurethatcharacterizedtheSpanish
coloniesafterthemiddleofthe16thcentury.
C) UnliketheSpanishEmpirethatwasalmostexclusivelyAmerican,thePortuguese
EmpireincludedcoloniesandoutpostsinAsiaandAfricaaswellasBrazil.
D) ThePortuguesecolonyofBrazilwasmoreintellectuallyindependentofthemother
countrythanweretheSpanishcoloniesinLatinAmerica.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:532
Skill:Conceptual
36) WhatconditionsundercutthepositionoftheBraziliansugarplantationeconomy?
A) AdemographicdisasteramongtheIndiansofBrazilresultedinashortageoflaborfor
thesugarplantationsshortlyafter1700.
B) CompetitionfromEnglish,French,andDutchplantationcoloniesintheCaribbeanledto
risingpricesforslavesandfallingpricesforsugar.
C) TheEuropeanmarketwasfloodedwithsugarsuppliedfromAsiancolonies.
D) Aseriesofunusuallywetwintersfloodedthetraditionalsugarregionsandcaused
Brazilianplanterstoseeknewlandfortheproductionofsugar.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:532
Skill:Conceptual
37) InwhatregionwasgolddiscoveredinBrazil?
A) Salvador
B) CasasOrientes
C) MinasGerais
D) SigloDOro
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:532
Skill:Factual
390
38) WhatportwasassociatedwiththediscoveryofgoldinBrazilandsubsequentlybecamethe
capitalofthecolony?
A) BuenosAires
B) Salvador
C) Santiago
D) RiodeJaneiro
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:533
Skill:Factual
39) WhatwasthenegativeimpactofthediscoveryofgoldonPortugal?
A) Portugalfailedtodevelopinternalindustriesbecausethesupplyofgoldallowedthe
PortuguesetopurchasemanufacturedgoodsfromotherEuropeancountries.
B) PortugalwasforcedtohandBrazilovertothemorepowerfulDutchnavy.
C) Portugalsagriculturaleconomywasdevastatedbytheflowofcapitalfromdomestic
producetoBrazilianimports.
D) PortugalbecameincreasinglydependentonFrance.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:533
Skill:Conceptual
40) WhatwasthebasisforthesocialhierarchythatdevelopedintheAmericas?
A) Wealth
B) Theprestigeassociatedwithonesoccupation
C) Race
D) Gender
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:533
Topic:MultiracialSocieties
Skill:Conceptual
391
41) WhatSpanishdynastywasresponsiblefortheseriesofeighteenthcenturyreformsthatrecast
thecolonialadministrationoftheAmericas?
A) Bourbon
B) Habsburg
C) Aragon
D) Carlist
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:536
Topic:TheEighteenth-CenturyReforms
Skill:Factual
42) TheministeroftheIndiesresponsibleforthe18thcenturyreformswithintheSpanishempire
was
A) GarciaFloridablanca.
B) theMarquisofPombal.
C) ElijioMartinez.
D) JosedeGa lvez.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:537
Skill:Factual
43) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthe18th-centurySpanishreformsinAmericais
mostaccurate?
A) TheEnglishsystemofjusticesofthepeacewasintroducedtoreplacetheaudiencias,
causingthedeclineininfluenceoftheeducatedlawyersinAmerica.
B) TheSpanishcolonieswerelargelydemilitarized,asSpainbecameincreasingly
dependentonthenavyofFrancetoprotectitsinterestsinAmerica.
C) TheFrenchIntendancysystemwasintroduced.Governmentimproved,butthe
traditionalpatternsofinfluenceandpoweramongtheCreolebureaucratswasdisrupted.
D) TheSpanishreformsdidlittletoalterthepatternsoflocaladministrationandthe
fundamentalstructureofpowerandauthorityintheLatinAmericancolonies.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:537
Skill:Conceptual
392
44) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTanimpactoftheBourbonreformsoncolonialeconomy?
A) Theestablishmentofstatemonopoliesonitemsliketobaccoandgunpowder
B) TheextensionoftheplantationagriculturalsystemtoCuba
C) ThegrowthofBuenosAiresasaregionaltradecenter
D) ThefrontiersofSpanishAmericabecamefixed
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:537-538
Skill:Conceptual
45) Theministerresponsibleforthe18thcenturyreformsinPortugalandBrazilwas
A) GarciaFloridablanca.
B) theMarquisofPombal.
C) ElijioMartinez.
D) JosedeGa lvez.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:538
Skill:Factual
46) Whatwastheimpactofthe18thcenturyreformsonslaveryinBrazil?
A) Slaverywasabolished
B) TheslavetradewithAfricawasabolished
C) Slaveimportswererestrictedtoencouragetheeliminationoftheplantationeconomy
D) Brazilwasjustasprofoundlybasedonslaveryinthelate18thcenturyasithadeverbeen
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:538
Skill:Conceptual
393
47) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribesthestateofthePortugueseand
SpanishAmericancoloniesbythemiddleofthe18thcentury?
A) ThepopulationoftheAmericancoloniesneverrecoveredfromtheinitiallossofIndian
population.
B) WhilethepopulationoftheAmericancolonieswasgrowing,largelyduetothe
importationofAfricanslaves,theeconomywaslargelystagnant.
C) TheAmericancoloniesofSpainandPortugalwereexperiencingconsiderablegrowthin
populationandproductivecapacity.
D) Followingthedisruptionoftheplantationeconomies,thePortugueseandSpanish
Americancoloniesexperiencedpopulationlossandeconomicdepression.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:538
Skill:Conceptual
48) WhowastheleaderoftheIndianrevolutioninPeruin1781?
A) GarciaFloridablanca
B) NezPerce
C) TupacAmaru
D) ChichenItza
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:539
Skill:Factual
49) Whataccountsforthegeneralfailureof18th-centurycolonialrevolutionsagainstSpanishand
Portugueserule?
A) Thevariousracialandsocialgroups,fearfulofunsettlingthesocialhierarchy,failedto
acttogethertounseatthecolonialgovernments.
B) TheSpanishreformsweregenerallysosuccessfulthattherewerefewdissatisfied
elementsinthecolonies.
C) Rebelarmiesenjoyednosuccessagainstthemilitaryforcesofthecolonialgovernment.
D) IndiansweresolittleincorporatedintoAmericansocietythattheywerenotinterestedin
changingthepoliticalorganizationoftheirmasters.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:539
Skill:Conceptual
394
EssayQuestions
1) InwhatsensecanitbesaidthatthenatureoftheLatinAmericancoloniesweresimplya
reflectionofIberiansociety?
Answer: HeavilyurbanizedsocietyinIberianpeninsulareproducedinAmericancolonies;useof
plannedcities;tendencytopopulationagglomerationratherthanevendistribution;
emphasisonnobilitycarriedovertoAmerica;beliefofconquerorsofrighttoIndian
laborasnewformofserfdom;patriarchalsocietyreplicatedinhouseholdsofAmerica,
alsoencomiendasystem;traditionofslaveholdingindigenoustoIberia;already
establishedsystemofslavetradingfromAfricancolonies;systemofplantation
agriculturealsoapparentinAfrica.
Diff:2
PageRef:517-523
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) InwhatwaysdidtheSpanishadministrationoftheirAmericancolonieschangefromtheir
initialestablishmentunderColumbusto1700?
Answer: ColumbusattemptedtoemploywestAfricanmodelofcolonialadministration,trade
forts,privateinvestmentunderroyalcontract,tradeandgoldandslaves;modifiedafter
Columbussfamilyremovedasprimaryadministrators;establishmentofroyal
administrationconsistingatfirstofroyalgovernor,treasury,royalcourtofappealsor
audiencia;laterregularizedintotwoviceroyalties(laterexpandedtofour),eachdivided
into10audiencias;localgovernmentcarriedoutbylocalcorregidores.
Diff:2
PageRef:517-531
Skill:Conceptual
3) CompareandcontrastthecolonialeconomiesofSpanishAmericaandBrazil.
Answer: SpanishAmerica:althoughmajorityofpeopleinvolvedinagriculture,heartofeconomy
wasmining,productionofsilver;basedonIndianlabor,someslaves;Brazil:fromoutset
basedonplantationestatesystemproducingsugar;basedonslavelaboralmost
exclusively;in17thcenturydiscoveryofgoldinMinasGeraisalteredeconomytomore
emphasisonmining;shiftaidedbyfailureofBraziltomaintainmonopolyofsugar
production;greaterdevelopmentofsmallindustriesinSpanishAmerica.
Diff:2
PageRef:517-536
Skill:Conceptual
4) HowwasthesocietyoftheLatinAmericancoloniesorganized?Whatdeterminedthesocial
hierarchy?
Answer: MiscegenationandracialmixturemadeAmericansocietyfundamentallydifferentthan
Westernsociety;socialhierarchybasedonraceandplaceofbirth;whitesattopwith
thoseborninEuropegivenprecedenceoverCreoles;mixedraces(blacks/Indians,
Indians/whites,blacks/whites)inintermediarypositions;Africanslaves,Indiansat
bottomofsocialorder.
Diff:2
PageRef:533-536
Topic:MultiracialSocieties
Skill:Conceptual
395
5) WhatwastheintentoftheSpanishreformsofthe18thcentury?Towhatextentwerethey
successful?
Answer: SpanishpossessionswerethreatenedmilitarilyandeconomicallybyFrance,England,
Holland;needtorestorecolonialeconomies,improveefficiencyofcolonialgovernment,
improvemilitarysecurity;positiveresults:introductionofcommerciolibreimproved
trade,expandedeconomyofCaribbean,BuenosAires;introducedFrenchIntendancy,
improvedadministrationofcolonies,eliminatedCreolesfromupperbureaucracy;
regulartroopssenttoAmerica,ledtoexpansionoffrontiers;negativeresults:alienated
Creoles,createdsenseofself-identity,preludetorevolts.
Diff:2
PageRef:536-540
Skill:Conceptual
396
Chapter25 AfricaandtheAfricansintheAgeofthe
AtlanticSlaveTrade
1) WhatwastheAfricancontributiontotheColombianExchange?
A) Largemammals
B) Tapioca
C) Slaves
D) Manioc
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:545
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
2) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTconsideredafactorinthedevelopmentoflargekingdomsin
Africa?
A) Apopulationexpansionthatfollowedthediffusionofirontoolsandimproved
agriculture
B) ThecollapseoftheChristiankingdominEthiopiainthefaceofMuslimadvance
C) Europeandemandforslaves
D) Theuseoffirearms
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:545
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhatEuropeannationfirstestablisheddirectcontactwithblackAfrica?
A) Spain
B) England
C) Italy
D) Portugal
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:545
Topic:TheAtlanticSlaveTrade
Skill:Factual
397
4) OftheearlyPortuguesetradeforts,wherewasthemostimportantlocated?
A) ElMina
B) Zambesi
C) Zimbabwe
D) Sokoto
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:545
Skill:Factual
5) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheearlyPortuguesetradefortsismost
accurate?
A) ThePortuguesetradefortspermittedthepoliticalcontrolofmuchoftheAfricaninterior.
B) WherePortuguesetradefortswereestablished,largeEuropeancoloniesrapidly
developed.
C) Mostofthefortswereestablishedwiththeagreementorlicenseoflocalrulers.
D) ThePortuguesetradefortswerethenodalpointsforcolonialadministrationonthe
modeloftheAmericancolonies.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:545
Skill:Conceptual
6) WhichoftheAfricankingdomswasmostsuccessfullyconvertedtoChristianitybyPortuguese
missionaries?
A) Benin
B) Zimbabwe
C) Sokoto
D) Kongo
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:545
Skill:Factual
398
7) SouthoftheirtradefortsalongtheGoldCoast,thePortugueseestablishedLuanda,which
becamethebasisforthePortuguesecolonyof
A) Angola.
B) Kongo.
C) Lesotho.
D) Matabele.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:546
Skill:Factual
8) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthePortuguesepresenceineastAfricaismost
accurate?
A) Afterthe1570s,thePortuguesegainedcompletecontrolovertheeastAfricantradeinthe
IndianOceanandtheRedSea.
B) UnlikethePortuguesesettlementsonthecoastofwesternAfrica,Mozambiquebecame
thebasisforalargeEuropeancolony.
C) PortuguesebasesonMozambique,Mombassa,Sofala,andKilwagavethemaccesstothe
goldtradeofeastAfrica,buttheywereunabletocompletelydisrupttheMuslimtrade
withtheregion.
D) ThePortuguesepresenceineastAfricaprecipitatedthepopulationmovementamongthe
BantuthatbecametheMfecane.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:546
Skill:Conceptual
9) FollowingthemodelestablishedbythePortuguese,whichofthefollowingwasNOToneof
theprincipalpatternsofEuropeancontactwithAfrica?
A) Asystemoffortifiedtradingstations
B) Thecombinationofforceanddiplomacyincludingallianceswithlocalleaders
C) Thepredominanceofcommercialrelations
D) WidespreadEuropeancolonization
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:546
Skill:Conceptual
399
10) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutslaveryinEuropebefore1450wasmostaccurate?
A) Europehadneverhadatraditionofslavery.
B) Slaveryhadbeenextensiveintheancientworld,buthaddiedoutduringtheMiddle
AgesinallregionsintheWest.
C) SlaveryhaddiedoutintheMiddleAgesinmostofEuropeexceptalongthemilitary
frontierbetweenChristiansandMuslimsintheMediterranean.
D) SlaverywascommontoEuropeinalleraspriorto1450,althoughittendedtobecome
moredominantduringtheMiddleAges.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:546
Skill:Conceptual
11) ThefirstslavesbroughtdirectlytoPortugalfromAfricaarrivedin
A) 1441.
B) 1492.
C) 1509.
D) 1557.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:546
Skill:Factual
12) InwhatmannerdidthePortugueseseizemostoftheslavesthatweretransportedfrom
Africa?
A) TheycapturedtheminraidsintotheAfricaninterior.
B) TheytradedforthemwithAfricanrulers.
C) AsaresultofthedefeatofmostoftheAfricankingdoms,thePortugueseobtaineda
readysupplyofslaves.
D) TheypurchasedthemfromtheMuslimslavetradersoftheeastAfricantradingcities.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:546
Skill:Conceptual
400
13) WhatdevelopmentledtoanintensificationofthePortugueseinvolvementintheAfricanslave
trade?
A) TheextensionoftheagriculturalsysteminEurope
B) TheBlackDeath,whichdecreasedtheavailablesupplyoflaborinEurope
C) ThedevelopmentofsugarplantationsontheAtlanticislandsofMadeiraandthe
Canaries
D) ThegrowthoftheOttomanEmpire
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:546
Skill:Conceptual
14) WhatisthebestestimateofthenumberofAfricansshippedacrosstheAtlanticbetween1450
and1850?
A) Eightmillion
B) 10million
C) 12million
D) 14million
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:547
Topic:TheStructureoftheAtlanticSlaveTrade
Skill:Factual
15) InwhatcenturydidtheAtlanticslavetradereachitszenithintermsofnumbersofAfricans
exported?
A) 15th
B) 16th
C) 17th
D) 18th
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:547
Skill:Factual
401
16) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthevolumeoftheslavetradetotheAmerican
coloniesismostaccurate?
A) Thevolumeoftheslavetradedwindledrapidlyafterthe17thcenturybecausethe
plantationeconomiesoftheAmericascollapsed.
B) Thehighvolumeoftheslavetradewasanecessitybecauseslavemortalitywashighand
fertilitywaslow,leadingtoalossofslavepopulation.
C) Theshiftfromplantationeconomiestominingeconomiesinwhichslaveswerenot
utilizedrapidlydiminishedtheAmericandemandforslaves.
D) Demandforslavescontinuedtoremainhighduetothecompetingdemandforslavesin
Europe.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:547
Skill:Conceptual
17) WhatregionintheAmericasreceivedmoreslavesthananyotherbetween1550and1850?
A) Brazil
B) ThesouthernBritishcoloniesofNorthAmerica
C) Mexico
D) TheCaribbean
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:547
Skill:Factual
18) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheshapeofthecommerceinAfricanslavesis
mostaccurate?
A) TheemergenceoftheAtlanticslavetradecausedtheimmediateendoftheolder
trans-SaharanslavetradeinthehandsoftheMuslims.
B) TheAtlantictradedrewitsslavesalmostexclusivelyfromsouthernAfricauntilthe19th
century.
C) TheAfricanstatesoftheinterioractivelyresistedtheslavetrade.
D) TheAtlanticslavetradedrewslavesfromacrosstheAfricancontinentandits
concentrationshiftedfromSenegambiatocentralandwesternAfricaovertime.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:548
Skill:Conceptual
402
19) Inwhatwaydidthetrans-SaharanslavetradedifferfromthatoftheAtlanticslavetrade?
A) TheAtlanticslavetradewascarriedoutalmostexclusivelybyMuslims.
B) Thetrans-SaharanslavetradewascarriedoutinmuchgreatervolumethantheAtlantic
slavetrade.
C) Thetrans-Saharanslavetradeconcentratedonwomen,buttheAtlanticslavetrade
concentratedonyoungmen.
D) TheAfricanpreferenceforretainingyoungmaleslavestoextendkinshiplinesimplied
thatprimarilywomenwereavailabletotheAtlantictrade,whilemenconvertedtoIslam
weremorelikelytradeobjectsforthetrans-Saharantrade.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:548-549
Skill:Conceptual
20) WhatwasthedemographicimpactoftheslavetradeonAfrica?
A) Theslavetradeexportedmillions,butthelosswasmadeupasaresultofthenatural
prolifacyoftheAfricans.
B) PopulationinAfricaseemsactuallytohavegrown,despitethenumberofmen,women,
andchildrenexportedtotheAmericas.
C) TheslavetradehadtheimpactofskewingthepopulationofcentralAfricainfavorofa
disproportionalnumberofwomen.
D) Asaresultoftheslavetrade,thepopulationofAfricawasonlyone -thirdofwhatit
wouldhavebeenwithouttheexportofmenandwomen.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:549
Skill:Conceptual
21) HowdidtheBritishorganizetheshipmentofslavestotheAmericas?
A) InBritain,unlikeelsewhere,theslavetradewascarriedoutbyuncontrolledprivate
venture.
B) InBritain,thecharteredRoyalAfricanCompanywasgrantedamonopolyoverthe
shipmentofslavestocoloniesintheAmericas.
C) TheBritishrefusedtoparticipateintheslavetradeandattemptedtointerceptshipments
ofslavestotheAmericasbeginninginthe1660s.
D) TheBritishgovernmentdirectlyparticipatedintheslavetradethroughuseoftheRoyal
Navy.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:550
Skill:Conceptual
403
22) TheSpanishtermforahealthyadultmaleslavewas
A) Indiespiece.
B) calderon.
C) servusdei.
D) casadelacontratacio n.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:550
Skill:Factual
23) WhatwastheaverageprofitabilityoftheEnglishslavetradeinthelate18thcentury?
A) 5-10percent
B) 15-20percent
C) 25-30percent
D) Over50percent
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:550
Skill:Factual
24) Howdidtheprofitabilityoftheslavetradecomparetothatofothercontemporarybusiness
ventures?
A) Theslavetradewaslessprofitableonthewholethanotherbusinessventuresbecauseof
thehighcostsandrisksinvolved.
B) Theslavetradebecameincreasinglydangerousandrisky,sothatbythe18thcenturyits
returnswereminimalandmostparticipantswerebankrupted.
C) Profitsfromtheslavetradeinthe18thcenturyweresolucrativethatcapitalderived
fromthetradeinhumanbeingswasusedtocapitalizetheEuropeanIndustrial
Revolution.
D) Theslavetradewaslittlemoreprofitablethanmostbusinessactivitiesoftheageandwas
notamajorsourcefortheindustrialrevolutionofEurope.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:550
Skill:Conceptual
404
25) WhatwasthetermutilizedforthecommercialarrangementbywhichAfricanslaveswere
shippedtotheAmericas,sugarandtobaccowerecarriedtoEurope,andEuropean
manufacturedgoodsweretransportedtoAfrica?
A) TheColombianExchange
B) Mercantilism
C) Triangulartrade
D) TheAtlanticExpress
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:550
Skill:Factual
26) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningslaveryonthecontinentofAfricabeforethe
arrivaloftheEuropeansismostaccurate?
A) MostAfricansocietieswereegalitarian, thatis,mostpeopleenjoyedthesamesocial
status,andslaverywasunknown.
B) SlaveryinAfricawasrestrictedtothoseareaswhereIslamicinfluencehadintroduced
theconceptintheperiodafterthe7thcentury.
C) WhilecommonelsewhereinAfrica,slaverywasnotcommonintheforeststatesofwest
AfricapriortothecomingoftheEuropeans.
D) SinceinmanyAfricansocietiesalllandwasownedbythestateoftheruler,thecontrol
ofslaveswasoneofthefewwaysinwhichindividualsorlineagescouldincreasetheir
wealthandstatus.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:551
Topic:AfricanSocieties,SlaveryandtheSlaveTrade
Skill:Conceptual
27) WhatwasthepoliticalimpactofthepresenceofEuropeansontheAfricancoast?
A) StatesweremorelikelytoforminthesavannaregionsofAfrica.
B) Strongcentralizedstatesbegantoformonthecoastlineincloseproximitytothe
Europeantradeforts.
C) WestandcentralAfricankingdomsjustinlandfromthefortsbegantoredirecttheir
tradeandexpandtheirinfluence.
D) StateformationinAfricatookplaceontheIndianOceancoastawayfromthetrade
routesestablishedbytheEuropeans.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:551
Skill:Conceptual
405
28) InwhatwaydidtheEuropeanslavetradeenablecentralizingstatestoexpandmorerapidly?
A) Slavesweretradedforfirearmsthatallowedexpandingstatestooverpowertheir
neighbors,resultinginmoreslaves.
B) TheEuropeansrapidlycreatedmilitaryalliancesandaddedtheirarmiestothoseoftheir
slave-tradingallies.
C) TheEuropeanslavetradeweakenedthestatesofcentralandwesternAfrica,allowing
thecentralizingstatesofeasternAfricatoexpandwithoutcompetition.
D) Theslavetradewasrestrictedtothecoasts,leavingthepoliticalunitsofinteriorAfrica
freeofEuropeaninterference.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:551
Skill:Conceptual
29) WhichofthefollowingwasalargeAfricanstatethatdevelopedinwesternAfricaduringthe
periodoftheAtlanticslavetrade?
A) Ghana
B) Mali
C) Swazi
D) Asante
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:552
Skill:Factual
30) UnderwhoserulewasunityachievedamongthenumerousAkanclansofAsante?
A) UsumanDanFodio
B) OseiTutu
C) Shaka
D) Agaja
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:552
Skill:Factual
406
31) ThetitlegiventothesupremecivilandreligiousruleroftheAsantekingdomwas
A) bunyoro.
B) swazi.
C) asantehene.
D) kowazi.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:552
Skill:Factual
32) OntheeastcoastofAfrica,theSwahilitradingcities
A) weredecimatedfollowingEuropeannavalattacks.
B) fellentirelywithintheorbitofthePortugueseglobaltradenetwork.
C) continuedtheircommerceintheIndianOceanwithboththePortugueseandthe
OttomanTurks.
D) wereuniqueinAfricabecauseoftheirrefusaltoparticipateintheslavetrade.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:553
Skill:Conceptual
33) OneoftheuniquefeaturesoftheeastAfricancoastthatdifferedfromwestAfricawas
A) theexistenceoftheslavetrade.
B) theestablishmentofplantationsproducingclovesusingAfricanslavelabor.
C) theexistenceoflargeEuropeancolonies.
D) thewidespreadappearanceofepidemicdisease.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:554
Skill:Conceptual
34) AnexampleoftheacceptanceofNiloticpeoplesasrulingdynastiesamongtheBantuwasthe
Luoat
A) Benin.
B) ElMina.
C) Zanzibar.
D) Bunyoro.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:555
Skill:Factual
407
35) TheMuslimreformmovementofthe1770sthatsweptthroughthetradenetworksin
SenegambiaandthewesternSudanwaswhatvariantofIslam?
A) Ismaili
B) Fatimid
C) Sufi
D) Nizari
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:556
Skill:Factual
36) UsumanDanFodiobeganarebellioninwhatAfricankingdomin1804?
A) Hausa
B) Benin
C) Kongo
D) Luanda
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:556
Skill:Factual
37) UsumanDanFodiosrebellioneventuallyledtotheformationofwhatcaliphalstate?
A) Lesotho
B) Benin
C) Sokoto
D) Kongo
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:556
Skill:Factual
38) WhatareaofAfricawasleastaffectedbytheslavetrade?
A) ThesavannaandtheSudan
B) SouthernAfrica
C) CentralandwestAfrica
D) EastAfrica
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:556
Topic:WhiteSettlersandAfricansinSouthernAfrica
Skill:Factual
408
39) In1652whatgroupestablishedacolonyattheCapeofGoodHope?
A) TheBritishEastIndiaCompany
B) TheRoyalAfricanCompany
C) TheDutchEastIndiaCompany
D) TheOttomanEmpire
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:557
Skill:Factual
40) In1818whoassumedleadershipintheZuluchiefdomoftheNgunipeopleofsouthernAfrica?
A) OseiTutu
B) Agaja
C) UsumanDanFodio
D) Shaka
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:557
Skill:Factual
41) WhatwastheimpactoftheMfecane?
A) ItdestroyedtheBantupeoplesofeasternAfrica
B) Asaresult,thePortuguesewereabletoabsorbmostoftheEastAfricanSwahilitrading
cities
C) TheBoerswereforcedoutofsouthernAfrica
D) TheresultingpoliticaldisruptionsentAfricangroupsfleeingbeforetheZulusintoboth
PortuguesecoastalregionsandtheBoerfarmsofsouthernAfrica
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:557
Skill:Conceptual
42) WhatwastheaveragemortalityforslavesshippedtotheAmericasintheAtlanticslavetrade?
A) 10-15percent
B) 18-20percent
C) 25-40percent
D) 55-65percent
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:559
Topic:TheAfricanDiaspora
Skill:Factual
409
43) TheslavevoyagetotheAmericaswasreferredtoasthe
A) AtlanticMistral.
B) OceanExpress.
C) AmericanTragedy.
D) MiddlePassage.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:559
Skill:Factual
44) WhywereAfricanssoughtforplantationlaborintheAmericas?
A) TherewasnootherlaborsupplyavailableintheAmericas.
B) WestAfricanswerealreadyfamiliarwithmetallurgy,herding,andintensiveagriculture
whereasIndianswerenot.
C) SugarwasacropnativetoAfricaandexportedtotheAmericasfromthere.
D) AfricansrapidlyexpandedtheirpopulationintheLatinAmericancolonies.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:559
Skill:Conceptual
45) HowweretheBritishcoloniesofthesouthernAtlanticcoastofNorthAmericadifferentfrom
theLatinAmericancolonies?
A) Therewasnoslaverythere.
B) Althoughurbanslaverywascommon,therewasnoplantationagriculturalsystemonthe
NorthAmericanmainland.
C) ManumissionofslavestendedtobemorecommonintheBritishcolonies.
D) TheBritishcoloniesdependedlessonimportedAfricansbecauseofthepositiverateof
growthamongtheslaves.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:560
Skill:Conceptual
410
46) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningslavefamiliesismostaccurate?
A) Despiteenormousdifficulties,slavescontinuedtoliveinfamilyunits.
B) Theonerousconditionsofslaveryandtheshortageofwomenresultedinthecreationof
artificialclansandextendedlineages.
C) Lackingwomen,mensubstitutedslavefraternitiesforthemoretraditional
organization.
D) TheconditionsofslaverydestroyedfamilyconceptsamongAfricansintheNewWorld.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:560
Skill:Conceptual
47) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTanAfricanreligiontransportedtotheAmericas?
A) Obeah
B) Vodun
C) Asantehene
D) Candomble
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:560
Skill:Factual
48) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningresistancetoslaveryismostaccurate?
A) Recalcitrance,runningaway,anddirectrebellionwerepresentwhereverslaveswere
employed.
B) Althoughtherewasoneortwoslaverebellionsinisolatedareas,ingeneraltherewasno
organizedresistancetoslavery.
C) Resistancetoslaverywasexperiencedonthemainland,buttheplantationeconomiesof
theCaribbeansufferednorebellions.
D) TheonlyconsistentlocationforslaveresistanceandrebellionwastheBritishcoloniesof
thesouthernAtlanticcoast.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:561
Skill:Conceptual
411
49) WhichofthefollowingwasaBritishopponentoftheslavetrade?
A) JohnC.Calhoun
B) JohnWilkes
C) WilliamWilberforce
D) WilliamHanover
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:563
Skill:Factual
50) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheendingoftheslavetradeismostaccurate?
A) Ingeneral,theEnlightenment,withitsadvocacyoffreetrade,acceptedifitdidnot
approveoftheslavetrade.
B) LeadershipinthedrivetoabolishtheslavetradewasassumedbyFrance.
C) WhileitistruethatlegitimateproductsbegantoreplaceslavesintheEuropean
commercewithAfrica,itisdifficulttodemonstratealinkbetweeneconomicself-interest
andtheabolitionoftheslavetrade.
D) TheendoftheAtlanticslavetradeinthe19thcenturyledtotheendofslaveryinAfrica
itself.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:563
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) WhatmodeldidthePortugueseestablishfortheexploitationofAfrica?
Answer: EstablishmentoftradefortsandfactoriesonthecoastsofAfricaratherthan
developmentoftheinteriororEuropeancolonization;constructionofallianceswith
Africanrulersasthebasisofcommerce;earlyinvolvementintheslavetradeasa
profitablecommodity;useofChristianmissionaries.
Diff:2
PageRef:545-550
Skill:Conceptual
412
2) DefinethestructureoftheAtlanticslavetrade.Considerthevolumeof
slavesbycentury,theplacestowhichslaveswereshipped,andtheoriginsof
slaveswithinAfrica.
Answer: Between1450and1850over12millionslavesshippedfromAfrica;80percentshipped
during18thcentury;from1530to1650mostslavesshippedtoLatinAmerican
mainland;after1650CaribbeanplantationislandsandsouthernBritishAtlanticcolonies
alsobecameimportant;in16thcenturymostslavescamefrom
Sengambia,in17thcenturyfromwestandcentralAfrica;in18thcenturyfrom
interiorstatesofAsanteandDahomey.
Diff:2
PageRef:547-550
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhydidEuropeansparticipateintheAtlanticslavetrade?
Answer: NeedtosupplyqualifiedlaborforAmericancoloniesinLatinAmerica,Caribbean,and
NorthAmerica;Africansalreadyskilledinmetallurgyandintensiveagricultureas
Indianswerenot(theyhadnometaltools);slavesgenerallyfailedtoreproduceinNew
WorldandrequiredconstantresupplyfromAfrica;slavetradewasprofitable,although
notmuchmoresothanotherbusinessventures;creationoftriangulartradeslavesto
NewWorld,plantationproductstoEurope,manufacturedgoodstoAfrica.
Diff:2
PageRef:547-550
Skill:Conceptual
4) TowhatextentwasslaveryafeatureofAfricansocietypriortothecomingoftheEuropeans?
Howwasitintertwinedwiththedevelopmentofmorecentralizedstates?
Answer: AfricanshadpracticedslaverybeforeEuropeansasresultofcaptivestakeninwar;
emphasisonfemaleslaveryasmeansofextendinglineage,authority;constantwarfare
inwesternandcentralAfricasuppliedstreamofslaves;interruptionofEuropeansgave
externalfocustoslavetrade,primarilyinmales;exchangeoffirearmsforslavesenabled
expandingstatestoutilizeslavetradeasmeansofenlargingpoliticalpower.
Diff:2
PageRef:550-556
Skill:Conceptual
5) EvaluatethecausesfortheendoftheAtlanticslavetrade.
Answer: Economic:Africanstatesbegantoswitchfromslavestolegitimateproducts,less
Europeandemandforslaves;noclearevidenceofeconomicmotivationasplantation
economiesremainedstrong.Enlightenment:generalsocialandphilosophicalreversion
forslaveryafter18thcentury.Religious:evangelicalreligiousgroupsbegantoadvocate
endofslavetrade,abolitionofslavery.ImpactofBritain:Britaininfluencedbyallof
above;tookroleofsuppressingslavetradeinAtlantic.
Diff:2
PageRef:562-564
Skill:Conceptual
413
Chapter26 TheMuslimEmpires
1) WhichofthefollowingwasNOToneoftheearlymodernIslamicempires?
A) Ottoman
B) Safavid
C) Abbasid
D) Mughal
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:568
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
2) WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTrepresentasimilarityamongthethreeMuslimearly
modernempires?
A) AllwerederivedfromTurkicnomadicculturesofthecentralAsiansteppe.
B) Eachempirewasbasedonreligionanditssocietywasorientedtowarddominationof
themullahs.
C) Alldynastiesdependedoneffectiveuseoffirearmsonthebattlefieldandinsiege
warfare.
D) Supportofthebureaucraciesandmilitarywasdrawnfromtaxesleviedonthepeoplesof
theagrariansocietiesthateachconqueredandruled.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:568
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) PriortotheMongolinvasionsoftheirempire,theAbbasiddynastywasdominatedby
A) theOzbegTurks.
B) Timur-i-Lang.
C) theSeljukTurks.
D) theWest.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:569
Topic:TheOttomans:FromFrontierWarriorstoEmpireBuilders
Skill:Factual
414
4) TheoriginalbaseoftheOttomanTurkswas
A) Mesopotamia.
B) Syria.
C) theBalkans.
D) Anatolia.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:570
Skill:Factual
5) TheOttomansconqueredConstantinopleandendedtheByzantineEmpirein
A) 1245.
B) 1337.
C) 1453.
D) 1519.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:570
Skill:Factual
6) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningOttomannavalpowerismostaccurate?
A) TheOttomanEmpireneverdevelopedanavy,thuswasunabletocontrolthe
MediterraneanorchallengethegrowingnavalsupremacyoftheWest.
B) PowerfulOttomangallyfleetscapturedmajorislandbasesintheeasternMediterranean,
butwereunabletopreventwesternadvancesintheIndianOcean.
C) TheOttomanEmpirewassufficientlypowerfulatseathatuntilthe18thcenturyitwas
abletomaintainnotonlydominanceoftheeasternMediterraneanbutalsoto
monopolizetheIndianOcean.
D) TheOttomansretainedtheirnavaldominanceintheIndianOcean,butalmost
immediatelylostalloftheirMediterraneanpossessions.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:575
Skill:Conceptual
415
7) TheJanissarieswere
A) religiousleadersunderthecontroloftheOttomanstate.
B) powerfulmembersofthewarrioraristocracywithintheOttomanEmpirewho
dominatedregionaladministration.
C) slavetroopsoftheOttomanforciblyconscriptedasadolescentsfromconquered
territories.
D) eunuchsfromtheroyalfamilychargedwithcareoftheimperialharem.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:571
Skill:Factual
8) WhatpermittedtheJanissariestogainapositionofprominenceintheOttomanEmpire?
A) Theircontrolofartilleryandfirearmsgavethemprominenceoverthearistocratic
Turkishcavalry.
B) Theircontrolofthebureaucracymadethemindispensibletotheoperationoftheempire.
C) Asmembersoftheroyalfamily,theyhadaccesstothesultans.
D) TheyrapidlygainedcontrolofthemosquesoftheOttomanEmpireandwereableto
definereligiousorthodoxy.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:571
Skill:Conceptual
9) TheheadoftheOttomancentralbureaucracywasthe
A) vizier.
B) dhimmi.
C) eunuch.
D) Caliph.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:572
Skill:Factual
416
10) WhatwastheprincipleofsuccessionwithintheOttomanEmpire?
A) LikeearlierIslamicdynasties,theOttomanEmpirelackedaprincipleofsuccession, afact
thatledtoprotractedwarfareamongprospectivesuccessors.
B) SuccessionwithintheOttomanEmpirewasbasedonprimogeniture,thatis,theoldest
sonautomaticallysucceededtheprevioussultan.
C) LiketheearlyIslamicadministrationoftheorthodoxcaliphs,thesuccessionswithinthe
OttomanEmpirewaselective.
D) Ottomansultansselectedtheirsuccessorspriortotheirdeathandelevatedthemas
co-rulers.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:572
Skill:Conceptual
11) OneofthemostbeautifuloftheOttomanmosquesofConstantinoplewasthe
A) TajMahal.
B) KahilJibran.
C) Saffah.
D) Suleymaniye.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:572
Skill:Factual
12) WhatdidtheOttomansdotoConstantinoplefollowingitsfallin1453?
A) TheOttomansdestroyedthecityandmovedtheircapitaltoSophia.
B) Theoriginalcityremained,butinamuchreducedconditionthattheOttomansdidlittle
torestore.
C) Soonafteritsconquest,theOttomansultanundertooktherestorationandbeautification
ofConstantinople.
D) TheOttomansrapidlyabandonedConstantinopletotheleadersoftheOrthodoxChurch
whowereresponsibleforitsrestorationandtheconstructionofsignificantchurches.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:572
Skill:Conceptual
417
13) InwhatwayweretheartisansofConstantinoplesimilartotheircounterpartsintheWest?
A) Theyhadbeguntoformaproletariat
B) LiketheircounterpartsinmedievalEuropeantowns,theartisanswereorganizedinto
guilds
C) InthecapitalcityoftheOttomanEmpire,artisanswerefreeofgovernmentalsupervision
D) LiketheearlierWest,craftproductionwaslimitedandtherewerefewindependent
artisans
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:573
Skill:Conceptual
14) WhatwasthechosenlanguageoftheOttomancourt?
A) Greek
B) Arabic
C) Persian
D) Turkish
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:573
Skill:Factual
15) HowdidtheOttomandynastycomparetootherrulingfamilies?
A) TheOttomandynastylastedforover600years, afeatmatchedbynootherrulingfamily.
B) TheOttomandynastywasamongthemostlong-lastinginhistory,survivingforover
200years,exceededonlybytheChinesedynasties.
C) Duetothelackofaprincipleofsuccession,theOttomansenduredconstantdynastic
changewithindividualfamiliessurvivingonlyfordecades.
D) BecausetheOttomansuccessionwaselective,itismisleadingtothinkofthesultansasa
singledynasty.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:573
Skill:Conceptual
418
16) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTacauseforthedeclineoftheOttomanEmpire?
A) Localofficialsbegantoretainincreasingamountsofrevenuefortheirownpurposes.
B) Oppressivedemandsoflocalofficialscausedthepeasantrytoabandontheirholdings
andflee.
C) Theabilityofindividualsultanstoruledeclined.
D) TheadditionofEuropeanmilitarytechnologysuchaslightartillerymadetheJanissaries
sopowerfulthattheycouldchallengetheauthorityofthesultan.
Answer: D
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
17) Onthesea,theOttomangalleyswereeclipsedbyWesternnavalpowerasearlyasthe
A) 14thcentury.
B) 15thcentury.
C) 16thcentury.
D) 17thcentury.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:575
Skill:Factual
18) WhatEuropeannationfirstthreatenedtheOttomanmonopolyoftradewitheastAfricaand
India?
A) Spain
B) Portugal
C) England
D) France
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:575
Skill:Factual
419
19) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaresultoftheOttomanlossofmonopolyovertheIndian
trade?
A) SpicescarriedbyEuropeansaroundAfricaenrichedtheOttomansChristianrivals.
B) DirectcarriageofeasterngoodstoportsintheWestimpliedlossofrevenuesintaxesin
Muslimtradingcenters.
C) MilitarysetbacksrevealedtheobsolescenceoftheMuslimfleets.
D) BullioncausedbyanegativebalanceoftradeflowedoutoftheOttomanempiretothe
West.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:576
Skill:Conceptual
20) WhichofthefollowinggroupsrepresentedsuchextremeconservatismwithintheOttoman
Empirethatreformwasfrustrated?
A) Janissaries
B) Artisans
C) Merchants
D) Sultans
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:576
Skill:Factual
21) WhichofthefollowingrepresentsadifferencebetweentheoriginsoftheOttomansandthe
Safavids?
A) TheSafavidsoriginatedfromaTurkishnomadicgroup
B) TheSafavidsrepresentedahighlymilitantstrainofIslam
C) TheSafavidswereoriginallyfrontierwarriors
D) TheSafavidsrepresentedtheShiitestrainofIslam
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:576
Topic:TheShiiteChallengeoftheSafavids
Skill:Conceptual
420
22) ThecenteroftheSafavidEmpirewasthemodern-daystateof
A) Syria.
B) Iraq.
C) Jordan.
D) Iran.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:576
Skill:Factual
23) TheSafaviddynastyhaditsoriginsinthe14thcenturyinafamilydevotedtowhatvariantof
Islam?
A) Sunnite
B) Ismaili
C) Sufi
D) Sikh
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:576
Skill:Factual
24) InwhatyearwasthefirstSafaviddeclaredshah?
A) 1453
B) 1501
C) 1553
D) 1722
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:576
Skill:Factual
25) FollowersoftheSafavidsfollowerswerecalled
A) RedHeads.
B) YellowTurbans.
C) theWhiteLotusSociety.
D) theRedHand.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:576
Skill:Factual
421
26) ThefirstSafavidShahwas
A) AbbastheGreat.
B) SuleymantheGreat.
C) Akbar.
D) Isma il.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:576
Skill:Factual
27) WhywasthebattleofChaldiranin1514soimportant?
A) ThebattleestablishedthemilitarysupremacyoftheSafavidsovertheOttomansand
markedtheendtoeasternexpansionoftheOttomanEmpire.
B) TheSafavidsweredealtadevastatingdefeatthatcheckedthewestwardadvanceof
ShiismanddecimatedtheranksoftheTurkicwarriorswhohadbuilttheSafavid
Empire.
C) ThecombinedarmiesoftheSafavidsandOttomansdefeatedtheMughalarmiesand
endedthepolicyofexpansionundertakenbytheMughalemperorsofIndia.
D) ThedefeatoftheSafavidsbyaWesternarmyreducedtheIslamicEmpiretoeconomic
dependencyontheWestandmilitaryinferioritytotheotherMuslimempires.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:577
Skill:Conceptual
28) TheSafavidEmpirereacheditsgreatestextentunderShah
A) SuleymantheGreat.
B) TahmaspI.
C) AbbastheGreat.
D) Ismail.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:578
Skill:Factual
422
29) WhatwasthestatusoftheTurkicchiefsundertheSafavidshahs?
A) UnliketheOttomans,theTurkishcavalrymenweredrivenfromtheSafavidEmpire.
B) TheformerTurkishwarriorswerereplacedentirelybytheindigenousPersiannobility
whoformedamercenarymilitaryforce.
C) LiketheOttomans,theTurkishchiefsweregraduallytransformedintoawarriornobility
withassignedvillagesandpeasantlabor.
D) TheformerTurkishnomadswerereducedtoslavery,butstillcomposedthefoundation
oftheSafavidmilitary.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:580
Skill:Conceptual
30) AfterChaldiran,theofficiallanguageoftheSafavidEmpirebecame
A) Turkish.
B) Persian.
C) Arabic.
D) Hindi.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:580
Skill:Factual
31) ThecapitaloftheSafavidEmpireunderAbbastheGreatwas
A) Tabriz.
B) Baghdad.
C) Mosul.
D) Isfahan.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:580
Skill:Factual
423
32) HowdidtheSavafideconomycomparetothatoftheOttomans?
A) OnlytheOttomansultansactivelysoughttoencouragehandicraftproductionandtrade
intheirempire.
B) TheOttomanEmpirebenefittedintheshortrunfromnon-Muslimtraders(Christians
andJews)whohadextensivecontactswithoverseasempiresthattheSafavidempire
lacked.
C) TheSafavidEmpiremadeamoreconcertedandsuccessfulattempttoenlargeitsmarket
economy,particularlybyattractingmerchantsfromtheWest.
D) TheSafavideconomy,becauseofthegeographicallocationoftheempire,wasoriented
exclusivelytowardtheEastandhadnocontactwithWesternmerchants.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:582
Skill:Conceptual
33) WhatledtotherapiddemiseoftheSafavidEmpire?
A) LiketheOttomanEmpire,thelackofaprincipleofsuccessionledAbbastheGreatto
eliminateallcapablerivals,leavingnocapablerulerfollowinghisdeath.
B) TheSafaviddefeatatthebattleofPanipatatthehandsofaRussianarmystrippedthe
empireofitsmilitaryforcesjustaspressurefromoutsideenemiesincreased.
C) ThecollapseoftheSafavideconomyinthe18thcenturydiminishedtherevenuesofthe
empiretothepointthatthecentralgovernmentcouldnolongerfunction.
D) ThesuccessfulconquestoftheOttomanEmpireoverextendedtheSafavidresources,so
thatthecentralgovernmentbecameincreasinglyinefficient.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:582
Skill:Conceptual
34) TheimmediatesuccessoroftheSafaviddynastyinPersiawas
A) BaburtheGreat.
B) AkbartheGreat.
C) SuleymantheGreat.
D) NadirKhanAfshar.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:582
Skill:Factual
424
35) ThefounderoftheMughaldynastywas
A) Timur.
B) Akbar.
C) Babur.
D) NadirKhanAfshar.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:582
Topic:TheMughalsandtheApexofMuslimCivilizationinIndia
Skill:Factual
36) WherewasBaburborn?
A) India
B) France
C) China
D) CentralAsia
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:583
Skill:Factual
37) WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsoftheaccomplishmentsofBaburisNOTaccurate?
A) Hewasafinemilitarystrategistandfiercefighterwhowentintobattlealongsidehis
troops.
B) HewroteoneofthegreathistoriesofIndiaandwasafinemusician.
C) HereformedtheineffectiveLodibureaucracytocreateastreamlinedadministration.
D) HewasafinemusiciananddesignedgardensforhisnewcapitalatDelhi.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:583
Skill:Conceptual
425
38) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelycharacterizesthereignofHumayan?
A) Humayanwasabletobuildonthereformsofhisfatherandenjoyedoneofthemost
stableandprosperousreignsoftheMughaldynasty.
B) HumayancompletedthetaskofcrushingoppositiontotheMughaldynastyduringthe
first20yearsofhisreign,butsettledintodissolutebehaviorlaterinhislife.
C) DespitetheseemingstabilityofBabursreign,hissonHumayanwasexiledby1540and
forcedtofighttorestoretheMughalrule.
D) HumayanwasassassinatedshortlyafterhisaccessionandtheMughaldynastywas
brieflyreplacedbyaHindufamily.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:583
Skill:Conceptual
39) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthereignofAkbarisNOTaccurate?
A) Hepersonallyoversawthebuildingofthemilitaryandadministrativesystem
B) Hepatronizedthearts
C) HeextendedtheMughalconquestsincentralandnorthernIndia
D) HeattemptedtopurifyIslambyremovingHinduinfluences
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:583-585
Skill:Conceptual
40) WhatwasthecriticalfeatureofAkbarsnewreligion,theDin-i-Ilahi?
A) Itattemptedtoblendelementsofthemanyfaithswithwhichhewasfamiliarasameans
ofreconcilingHindusandMuslims.
B) ItsoughttopurifytheIslamicfaithandremoveHinduinfluencesbyadoptingmanyof
theSufiteachingsalreadyextantinIndia.
C) LiketheSafavidstowhomearlymembersoftheMughaldynastyfledinexile,Akbar
adoptedmilitantShiism.
D) AlthoughitretainedtheformalappearanceofIslam,thepopularaspectsofthenew
religionwerealmostentirelyBuddhist.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:585
Skill:Conceptual
426
41) WhatwastheoutcomeoftheDin-i-Ilahi?
A) AcceptedbyHinduswhobenefittedfromthelenientpoliciesofAkbar,thenewreligion
wasrejectedbytheMuslims.
B) AcceptedbyMuslimswhosawitasameansofcementingtheauthorityoftheMughals
overthetraditionalHindurulers,thenewreligionwasrejectedbyHindus.
C) ThenewreligionwaswidelyacceptedduringAkbarslifetimeandbecamethestate
religionoftheMughalEmpire.
D) ByAkbarsdeathin1605,theDin -i-IlahiwasrejectedbybothMuslimsandHindus.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:585
Skill:Conceptual
42) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheeconomyoftheMughalEmpireismost
accurate?
A) UnliketheotherMuslimempires,theMughalssuccessfullybannedEuropeanmerchants
fromtheirmarkets.
B) TheMughalEmpireproducednothingofvaluetotheWest,butservedasaconduitof
productsfromsoutheasternAsiamuchindemandamongtheEuropeans.
C) EuropeantradersbroughtproductsfromthroughoutAsiatoexchangeforthe
subcontinentsfamedcottontextiles.
D) TheIndianmarketsoftheMughalswerefloodedwithWesternproducts.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:585
Skill:Conceptual
43) WhatwasthestateoftheMughaldynastyattheoutsetofthereignofAurangzeb?
A) Althoughtheculturalleveloftheempirehaddeclined,theadministrativereformsof
ShahJahanrenewedthespiritoftheempire.
B) ThestatusofwomenintheMughalEmpirewashigherthanatthebeginningofthe
dynasty.
C) TheMughalbureaucracyremainedefficientandeffective,butthemilitaryhadlapsed
intotechnologicalconservatism.
D) TheMughalbureaucracywasbloatedandcorrupt,thearmywasbackwardinweaponry
andtactics,andthepeasantsandartisanshadseenlivingstandardsfall.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:586
Skill:Conceptual
427
44) WhatwerethegoalsofAurangzeb?
A) Hewishedtoretreatfrommilitantprogramsofhispredecessorsinordertoemphasize
theBuddhistprogramofpacifismandwithdrawalfromthethingsofthisworld.
B) HewasdeterminedtoextendMughalcontroloverthewholeoftheIndiansubcontinent
andbelieveditwashisdutytopurifyIndianIslam.
C) HewasinsistentonintroducingWesterncultureandWesterntechnologytothe
conservativeMughalempire.
D) AsadevoutHindu,AurangzebwishedtoridtheempireofMuslimtraditions.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:586
Skill:Conceptual
45) WhatwastheimpactofAurangzebsreligiouspolicies?
A) AurangzebsreligiouspoliciesgravelyweakenedtheinternalalliancesbetweenHindus
andMuslimsanddisruptedthesocialpeacethatAkbarhadestablished.
B) AurangzebsreligiouspoliciessucceededinremovingBuddhismfromIndia.
C) TheemperorsucceededinreestablishingthepoliticalandsocialdominanceoftheHindu
majorityinIndia.
D) AurangzebsintroductionofChristianitytoIndiabegantheprocessbywhichmillionsof
IndianswereconvertedtothenewreligionandprovidedanentryforWestern
commerce.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:586
Skill:Conceptual
46) WhatwasthestateoftheMughalEmpirefollowingAurangzebsdeathin1707?
A) TheMughalEmpirehadshrunkensomuchduringAurangzebsreignthatthedynasty
controlledonlyBengal.
B) Theempireincludedmoreterritorythaneverbeforeandtherewasgreaterreligious
homogeneitythanearlierinthereign.
C) Theempirewasfarlargerthanearlier,butcontrolandstaterevenuespassedincreasingly
toregionallordswhogavelittlemorethantributepaymentstotheemperors.
D) TheempirecollapsedinthefaceofaSafavidinvasionfromtheIndusrivervalley.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:586
Skill:Conceptual
428
47) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtherelationshipsoftheMuslimempirestothe
WestisNOTaccurate?
A) NoneoftheIslamicemperorssystematicallymonitoredtechnologicaladvancesin
Europe.
B) KeytaxrevenuesandmerchantprofitsweredrainedoffbytheriseofEuropeantrading
empiresinAsia.
C) Theabsenceofminoritypeopleswithintheempiresleftthemwithoutcommercialand
culturalcontactswiththeWest.
D) MuslimscholarscontinuedtotakelittleinterestinEuropeanlearning.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:590
Topic:Conclusion:TheRiseofEuropeandtheEclipse
Skill:Conceptual
48) WhereistheTajMahal?
A) Egypt
B) Turkey
C) India
D) Iran
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:587
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) CompareandcontrastthebasicstructureofthethreeIslamicempires.
Answer: Similarities:eachhadoriginsinTurkishnomadicculture;religiousfervoranddesirefor
conversioncommontoallthree;basedonmilitaryconquestandorientedtoward
militaryclasses;successdependentonuseoffirearms;ruledbyabsolutemonarchs;
supportofempiresdependentontaxationofagrarian,indigenouspopulations.
Differences:religiousmajorityofempiresdiffered;differedonSunni/Shiasplit.
Diff:2
PageRef:566-572
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
429
2) DiscussthesocialandpoliticalorganizationoftheOttomanEmpire.
Answer: Turkishcavalrymentransformedintolandholdingaristocracy;grantedpossessionof
villageswithpeasantlabor;createdregionalpowerbases;supplementarymilitaryforce
createdfromslavetroopsdrawnfromconqueredterritories,Janissaries;controlled
firearmsandartilleryasbasisofpower,gainedpoliticalinfluence;sultanstechnically
absolute,butdependentonbureaucracy;someinfluenceofreligiousleaderswithin
bureaucracy.
Diff:2
PageRef:569-572
Skill:Conceptual
3) CompareandcontrastthecausesfordeclineandcollapseineachoftheIslamicearlymodern
empire.
Answer: Similarities:declineinqualityofcentraladministration,corruption;incaseofSafavids
andOttomansdeclineinqualityofrulersduetoproblemswithprincipleofsuccession;
growthofpowerofregionalaristocracywithincreasingcontroloverlocalrevenuesthat
weredivertedfromthestate;oftenaccompaniedbyabandonmentofland;failureto
successfullycountergrowingeconomicandmilitarypowerofWest.Differences:
Safavidsactuallyconqueredbyoutsideinvadersin1722;MughalsandOttomans
continuedtorule,althoughinreducedcircumstances;Mughalslostreligiousalliance.
Diff:2
PageRef:568-590
Skill:Conceptual
4) CompareandcontrastthesocialandpoliticalorganizationoftheSafavidstothatofthe
Ottomans.
Answer: Similarities:OriginalTurkishwarriorsconvertedtolandholdingaristocracy;creationof
slavemilitaryforce;absoluteruleoftheshah.Differences:introductionofPersiansas
membersofbureaucracy;greaterinfluenceofIslamicclergy;adoptedmilitantShiismin
contrasttoOttomanSunnism.
Diff:2
PageRef:569-582
Skill:Conceptual
5) HowdidthereligiouscomplexionofMughalIndiadifferfromthatoftheotherIslamic
empires?WhatimpactdidreligiousdiversityhaveontheMughals?
Answer: MughalEmpirehadmajorityofnon-Muslims,mostofwhichwereHindu;previous
failuretoamalgamatereligionscontinuedinMughalEmpire;Akbarattemptedtocreate
newreligionthatwouldcombinebothIslamandotherIndianreligions;Akbars
Din-i-Ilahifailed,rejectedbyMuslimsandHindus;inreignofAurangzebreligious
trucearrangedbyAkbarfailed;Hindusbegantoloseallegiancetodynasty;contributed
togrowthofregionalauthority,failureofcentralgovernment.
Diff:2
PageRef:562-590
Skill:Conceptual
430
Chapter27 AsianTransitionsinanAgeof
GlobalChange
1) WhattypeofshipsdidVascodaGamasailininhisvoyagetoIndia?
A) Caravelships
B) Longships
C) Steamships
D) Bedships
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:594
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
2) AllofthefollowingweresourcesofdisappointmenttotheEuropeanswhoarrivedinAsiain
the16thand17thcenturiesEXCEPT
A) AsianswereuninterestedinEuropeantradegoods.
B) AsianswereuninterestedinconvertingtoChristianity.
C) Asiancivilizationseemedmateriallyimpoverished.
D) theEuropeansweretoofewinnumberstoexertforceonAsiankingdoms.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:594-595
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhosevoyagesofexplorationopenedthewayfortheEuropeanstotheIndies?
A) ChristopherColumbus
B) VascodaGama
C) FrancisXavier
D) PoncedeLeon
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:592
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
431
4) Despitetheirarmaments,whatfactorconvincedtheEuropeansthattheycouldmakelittle
headwayagainstthekingdomsofAsia?
A) TheinferiorityofEuropeanships
B) ThedistancefromEuropeanports
C) Europeanlackofbullion
D) ThelargepopulationsandwellentrenchedpoliticalandeconomicsystemsofAsian
kingdoms
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:594
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhatwasthePortugueselessonlearnedatCalicut?
A) ThattheIndianmarketshadlittleofinteresttoWesternconsumers
B) ThattheIndiansrefusedtotradewithEuropeans
C) ThattheWesternproductsbroughtfortradewereoflittleornovalueinIndianmarkets
D) ThatWesternbullionwasofnouseintheEast
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:595
Topic:TheAsianTradingWorldandtheComingoftheEuropeans
Skill:Conceptual
6) WhatwastheinitialPortugueseresponsetotheencounteratCalicut?
A) ToabandonhopesofenteringtheAsianmarkets
B) ToexportincreasingamountsofWesternproductstoAsia
C) TobypassIndiaandtradedirectlywithChina
D) ToapplymilitaryforcetoobtaindesiredAsianproducts
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:595
Skill:Conceptual
432
7) WhatpeopleshadprecededthePortugueseinenteringthemarketsofsouthandsoutheast
Asia?
A) Africans
B) Muslims
C) Dutch
D) English
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:594
Skill:Factual
8) WhichofthefollowingproductswasassociatedwiththeArabzoneoftheAsianseatrading
network?
A) Glass
B) Cottontextiles
C) Paper
D) Porcelain
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:595
Skill:Factual
9) WhichofthefollowingproductswasassociatedwiththeIndianzoneoftheAsianseatrading
network?
A) Tapestry
B) Cottontextiles
C) Carpets
D) Paper
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:595
Skill:Factual
433
10) WhichofthefollowingproductswasNOToneoftheproductsassociatedwiththeChinese
zoneoftheAsianseatradingnetwork?
A) Paper
B) Porcelain
C) Silktextiles
D) Cottontextiles
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:595
Skill:Factual
11) WhatwasthesignificanceofthemainlandkingdomsandislandstatesofsoutheastAsiathat
surroundedthethreegreatmanufacturingzonesoftheAsianseatradingnetwork?
A) Theseregionswerevirtuallythesoleconsumersofgoodsmadeinthemanufacturing
regions.
B) Theseregionsfedrawmaterials, preciousmetalsandforestproducts,intothetrading
network.
C) Theseregionsprovidedthemilitarydefenseforthemanufacturingregions.
D) TheseregionshadnorelationshiptothethreemainmanufacturingzonesoftheAsian
seatradingnetwork.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:595
Skill:Conceptual
12) WhatrawmaterialsweremosthighlyvaluedintheAsianseatradingnetwork?
A) Iron
B) Lumber
C) Spices
D) Fish
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:595
Skill:Factual
434
13) Whichofthefollowingitemswasmorelikelytobeexchangedwithintheportsofeachofthe
maintradingzoneratherthanovergreaterdistancesbetweenzones?
A) Rice
B) Spices
C) Ivory
D) Silktextiles
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:595
Skill:Factual
14) WhatwasthenatureofthesearoutesintheAsiantradingnetwork?
A) Well-establishedroutesdirectlycrossingthemajoroceansweremaintainedfromancient
times.
B) Mostofthenavigationwasalongthecoastlines.
C) OnlytheChineseandArabspracticednavigationintheAsiantradingnetwork.
D) Theonlysea-goingroutescrossedtheIndianOceanfromtheSwahiliportsofeastAfrica
toIndia.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:595
Skill:Conceptual
15) WhichofthefollowingwasoneofthecrucialpointsintheAsianseatradingnetworkwhere
tradeconverged?
A) ThemouthoftheGangesRiver
B) Canton
C) ThestraitsofMalacca
D) ThemouthoftheHuangheRiver
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:595
Skill:Factual
435
16) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribesthenatureoftheAsiansea
tradingnetwork?
A) TheentirenetworkwasdominatedbyArabmerchantswhoworkedincommoncauseto
establishamonopolyoftrade.
B) TheChinese,asaresultoftheirnavalsuperiority,wereabletosecuremilitary
dominanceofthesystem.
C) Therewasnocentralcontrol,andforcewasusuallyabsentfromcommercialexchanges.
D) ThesystemfunctionedonlysolongasitwasadministeredfromtheOttomanEmpire
withthetacitsupportoftheMingdynasty.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:595
Skill:Conceptual
17) WhywerethePortugueseunwillingtoexchangebullionforproductswithintheAsian
commercialsystem?
A) Thedoctrineofmercantilismequatedpossessionofbullionwithpowerandargued
againstnegativetradebalances.
B) Theyhadnone.
C) TherewaslittlemerchandisethatthePortugueseconsideredofvalueintheAsiantrade
network.
D) AllofPortuguesebullionwasexchangedforslavesintheAfricancommercialsystem.
Answer: A
Diff:2
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Skill:Conceptual
18) WhydidthePortuguesebelievetheycouldsuccessfullyentertheAsianseatradingbyforce?
A) TheAsianempireslackednavies.
B) TherewaslittlemilitaryforceinanyoftheMuslimorAsianempires.
C) ThePortugueserealizedthattheirarmiesweremorenumerousthanthoseoftheAsian
opponents.
D) ThePortuguesehadfewerships,buttheyweremoremaneuverableandbetterarmed
thanthoseoftheirAsianopponents.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:596
Skill:Conceptual
436
19) ThePortuguesewonamajorseabattleoveracombinedfleetofEgyptianandIndianvesselsin
1509at
A) Malacca.
B) Diu.
C) Samarkand.
D) Batavia.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:596
Skill:Factual
20) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTafortifiedtradingportestablishedbythePortugueseinthe
early16thcentury?
A) Batavia
B) Ormuz
C) Malacca
D) Goa
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:596
Skill:Factual
21) WhattradedidthePortugueseintendtomonopolizewithintheAsiantradingnetwork?
A) Slaves
B) Ivory
C) Spices
D) Cottontextiles
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:596
Skill:Factual
437
22) HowsuccessfulwasthePortuguesemonopolyonAsianproducts?
A) ForsomedecadestheywereabletomaintainacompletemonopolyoverAsianproducts
shippedtoEurope.
B) Thoughtheymanagedtomonopolizesomespicesgrowninlimitedlocales,the
Portugueselackedthemanpowerandshipstosustainamonopoly.
C) ThePortuguesewereunabletoachievecontroloveranyAsianproductsdueto
competitionfromtheChinesecommercialnavy.
D) ThePortuguesemonopolywasrigidlyenforcedoverAsianproductsforalmosttwo
centuries.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:597
Skill:Conceptual
23) WhosucceededthePortugueseasthemostsuccessfulEuropeanentrantintotheAsiansea
tradingnetwork?
A) England
B) Italy
C) Spain
D) Holland
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:597
Skill:Factual
24) WherewasthechiefDutchtradingfortressandportinsoutheastAsia?
A) Ormuz
B) Goa
C) Batavia
D) Darsan
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:597
Skill:Factual
438
25) HowdidtheDutchcommercialstrategywithintheAsiantradenetworkdifferfromthatofthe
Portuguese?
A) TheDutchlackedasubstantialnavy,andcouldnotusewarshipstomaintaintheir
commercialadvantage.
B) TheDutchdidnotmakeuseoffortifiedtownsandfactories.
C) TheDutchweremoresystematicintheirmonopolycontrolofalimitednumberof
specificspices.
D) TheDutchweremorehumaneintheirtreatmentofislandpeopleswhocultivatedthe
spices.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:597
Skill:Conceptual
26) InwhatwaydidtheDutchandEnglishparticipationwithintheAsianseatradingnetwork
changebythemiddledecadesofthe17thcentury?
A) ForboththeDutchandtheEnglish,peacefulcommercecametobemoreprofitablethan
forciblecontrolandmonopolieswereaimedatEuropeanratherthanAsianrivals.
B) BothnorthernEuropeannationsabandonedthecommerceinspicesinfavorofcotton
andsilktextiles.
C) UnlikethePortugueseandSpanish,thenorthernEuropeannationsundertookwholesale
conversiontoProtestantismoftheinhabitantsoftheSpiceIslands.
D) Asallies,theDutchandEnglishwereabletoestablishanavalsupremacyinAsia
sufficienttomonopolizealltradewithintheAsianseatradingnetwork.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:597
Skill:Conceptual
27) WhatareaofthePhilippinesweretheSpanishNOTabletoconquer?
A) Luzon
B) Suhong
C) Java
D) Mindanao
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:599
Skill:Factual
439
28) AmongwhichofthefollowinggroupsdidRomanCatholicmissionariesenjoysomesuccess?
A) TheanimistsofthesouthernPhilippines
B) Hindubrahmans
C) TheChinese
D) OutcastegroupsinIndiancoastalregions
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:599
Skill:Factual
29) WhatJesuitmissionarywasresponsibleforcreatingthestrategyofconvertingHinduelitesas
ameansofachievingmassconversions?
A) FrancisXavier
B) RobertdiNobili
C) MatteoRicci
D) AdamSchall
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:600
Skill:Factual
30) InwhatsensewastheSpanishconversionoftheFilipinossimilartotheirexperienceinthe
Americas?
A) AllChristiantenetsweretaughtinthelanguageoftheindigenouspeoples.
B) FilipinoconversiontoChristianitywaspredicatedonpoliticalequalitywiththeSpanish
conquerors.
C) LiketheAmerindians,theFilipinosbrandofChristianityrepresentedacreativeblendof
earlierbeliefsandpracticeswithChristianity.
D) FewFilipinoswereconvertedtoChristianity.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:600
Skill:Conceptual
440
31) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaEuropeancontributiontotheAsianseatradingnetwork?
A) Theadditionofnewroutes,includingthelinktoEuropearoundtheCapeofGoodHope
B) TheintroductionofseawarfareintotheAsiantradenetwork
C) TheestablishmentofnewtradingcenterssuchasGoa,Calcutta,andBatavia
D) TheestablishmentofanexchangeofnewcropsanddiseasessimilartotheColumbian
ExchangewiththeAmericas
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:600
Skill:Conceptual
32) ThefirstMingemperorofChinawas
A) Yunglo.
B) Hongwu.
C) Kangxi.
D) Zhenghe.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:601
Topic:MingChina:AGlobalMissionRefused
Skill:Factual
33) WhichofthefollowingreformswasNOTintroducedbythefirstMingemperor?
A) Thepositionofthescholar-gentrywithinthebureaucracywasrestored.
B) Statesubsidiesforimperialacademiesandregionalcollegeswerereinstituted.
C) FamilyinfluenceintheselectionofmentotheChinesebureaucracywaseliminated.
D) Thecivilserviceexaminationsystemwasreinstated.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:601
Skill:Conceptual
441
34) WhichofthefollowingwasareforminstitutedbythefirstMingemperortoreducecourt
factionalismandthepowerofthescholar-gentry?
A) Achiefministerwasappointedfromtheroyalfamilytooverseeallworkoftheimperial
bureaucracy.
B) Corruptorincompetentmembersofthebureaucracywerepunishedbybeingbeatenon
thebarebuttocks.
C) Imperialwivescouldonlycomefromspecifiednoblefamiliesofgoodrepute.
D) Eunuchswereexpelledfromtheroyalhousehold.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:602
Skill:Conceptual
35) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningMingreformsinfavorofthepeasantryismost
accurate?
A) TheearlyMingemperorswerecompletelyuninterestedintheplightofthepeasantry.
B) ThefirstMingemperorattemptedtoincreasetheforcedlabordemandsonthepeasantry
inordertorestoretheChineseeconomyfollowingtheexpulsionoftheMongols.
C) Despitesomeattemptstoimproveeconomicconditionsforthepeasantry,thegrowing
poweroftherurallandlordsledtoincreasedtenancyandlandlesslaborers.
D) TheMingreformsresultedinareductionintheauthorityofthelocallandlordsandthe
establishmentofsmallfarmingoperationsthroughoutChina.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:603
Skill:Conceptual
36) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningMingsocialorganizationismostaccurate?
A) TheadoptionofmoreBuddhistbeliefsbegantobreakdownthestrictpatternsof
deferencethathadbeencustomaryinHanandSongChina.
B) Occupationalalternativesforwomenofallsociallevelsdramaticallyexpandedduring
theMingera.
C) Amongthegroupsgrantedalmosttotalfreedomfromthebondsofsocialstatuswerethe
studentsseekingentryintothescholar-gentry.
D) Underthecontinuedinfluenceofneo-Confucianideology,Mingsocietyremained
rigidlystratifiedwithemphasisondeferenceofyouthtoeldersandwomentomen.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:603
Skill:Conceptual
442
37) WhichofthefollowingreasonsisatleastinpartresponsibleforthepeoplingoftheYangzi
regioninthesouthernpartofChinaduringtheMingera?
A) TheintroductionofcropsfromtheAmericasthatcouldbecultivatedoninferiorsoils
thatdidnotrequireirrigation
B) TheenforcedmigrationofremainingMongolswithintheChinesepopulationtothe
regionoftheYangze
C) Theabandonmentofriceandmilletcultivationintheregioninfavorofwheat
introducedbyPortuguesemerchants
D) TheopeningoftheregiontosettlementfromSiamandVietnam
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:604
Skill:Conceptual
38) WherewereforeignerspermittedtodobusinessinChinaduringtheMingera?
A) Atanyport
B) OnlyattheMingcapitalatBeijing
C) AtMacaoandCanton
D) Nowhere
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:604
Skill:Factual
39) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheMingeconomyismostaccurate?
A) MerchantsfailedtorealizeprofitsfromtheMingcommercialboom
B) Almostallcommercialprofitswerereinvestedintrade
C) TheChinesegovernmentdidnottaxtrade,thusdidnotprofitfromcommercialgrowth
D) Muchmerchantwealthwasinvestedinlandasameansofsocialadvancement
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:604
Skill:Conceptual
443
40) Intermsofliterature,whatwasthechiefaccomplishmentoftheMingera?
A) Poetry
B) Narrativehistory
C) Thenovel
D) Haiku
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:605
Skill:Factual
41) DuringthereignofwhatMingemperordidtheChineselaunchcommercialexpeditionsto
southeastAsia,Persia,andAfrica?
A) Hongwu
B) Yunglo
C) Chongzhen
D) Kangxi
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:605
Skill:Factual
42) WhydidtheChineseabandonthecommercialvoyagesoftheZengheexpeditions?
A) Manyoftheshipswerelostasaresultofpoorshipdesignandinadequatesailing
technology.
B) Thesizeofthefleetswassolimitedthattheycouldnotcompetewiththegreatercapacity
oftheEuropeanvoyages.
C) TherewaslittleofvaluefortheChinesetoimportintrade,andthevoyageswere
expensivetocarryout.
D) ThetradewithforeignregionsproducedanegativebalanceoftradeforChinathat
drainedbullionfromimperialcoffers.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:606-607
Skill:Conceptual
444
43) InwhatwaydidtheJesuitmissionariesmaintaintheirpositionsatthecourtoftheMing
emperors?
A) ByconvertingYunglotoChristianity
B) BymaintainingasmallbutpowerfulEuropeanarmyintheChinesecapital
C) Byacceptingthesupportofthescholar-gentry
D) Bydemonstratingknowledgeofscientificandtechnologicalskills
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:608
Skill:Factual
44) WhichofthefollowingwasNOToneofthethreemilitarycentralizersofJapan?
A) Nobunaga
B) HiataAshikaga
C) ToyotomiHideyoshi
D) TokugawaIeyasu
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:609-610
Topic:FendingOfftheWest:JapansReunificationandtheFirstChallenge
Skill:Factual
45) InwhatyearwastheTokugawaShogunate founded,markingthereestablishmentofcentral

governmentinJapan?
A) 1593
B) 1603
C) 1633
D) 1653
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:610
Skill:Factual
445
46) WhydidtheearliestoftheJapanesemilitarycentralizersacceptChristianmissionaries?
A) HiswifewasaChristianwhowasabletoexertherinfluencethroughouthishousehold.
B) ThePortuguesesuppliedalargearmytorulerswhoofferedtoacceptChristianity.
C) ChristianitywasseenasacounterforcetotheBuddhistordersthatopposedthe
impositionofcentralrule.
D) Priortohisfirstmilitaryvictory,Nobunagasawacrossinthesky.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:610
Skill:Conceptual
47) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTapolicyimposedasaresultofJapaneseisolationinthe17th
century?
A) ChristianitywasbannedandChristianswerepersecuted.
B) ForeigntraderswereconfinedtotheislandofDeshimainNagasakiBay.
C) Neo-Confucianphilosophygavewaytotheinfluenceofthinkerswhochampionedthe
schoolofNationalLearning.
D) TheJapaneseeliteabandonedallcontactwithWesternlearningandtechnological
advance.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:611-612
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) DefinethecharacteristicsoftheAsianseatradingnetwork.InwhatwaysdidtheEuropean
incursionchangetheAsiansystem?
Answer: Threemajormanufacturingzones:Arabproducingcarpets,tapestry,glass;Indian
producingcottontextiles;Chinaproducingporcelain,paper,silks.Nocentralcontrolof
system,nouseofmilitaryforce.Portuguesebroughtuseofmilitaryforceintosystem;
addednewroutesincludingroutearoundCapeofGoodHopetoEurope;additionof
newtradingcenterssuchasthoseatGoa,Ormuz,Batavia;introductionofconceptof
seapowerandmilitaryforce;introductionofChristianity,tributekingdoms.
Diff:2
PageRef:592-599
Skill:Conceptual
446
2) WhatwasthenatureoftheMingrestorationoftraditionalChinesevalues?Whatinnovations
weremade?
Answer: Mingreturnedtouseofneo-Confucianphilosophyasbasisofculture;restoredposition
ofscholar-gentry;reinstitutedexaminationsystemasbasisofcivilservice.Early
emperorsattemptedtocurtailpowerofscholar-gentry;abolishedpositionofchief
minister;restrictedimperialmarriagetocommonerfamiliestoreduceopportunityfor
courtintrigue;numberofeunuchslimited;potentialrivalstosuccessionexiledto
provinces;greatesteconomicreformwasZenghevoyagestodistantmarkets.
Diff:2
PageRef:600-609
Skill:Conceptual
3) CompareandcontrastChineseandEuropeanmeansandmotivesforcommercialexpansion.
Answer: Means:EuropeantechnologicaladvancesgavethemadvantagesoverChineseinterms
ofanimalandmachinepowertheycouldgenerate,allowedthemtooffsetChinese
advantagesinmanpower;bothcivilizationspossessedshipbuildingandnavigational
skillsandtechnology.Motives:WidespreadsupportforexpansioninEuropeamong
merchants,nationalleaders;lookedforopportunitiesforexpansionofChristianity;
lookedforexpansionofplantationeconomy;Chineseexpansionwasprojectofone
emperor,notmerchantsorscholar-gentry;alreadypossessedsufficientmarkets;
wantedmoneyfordefense.
Diff:2
PageRef:605-608
Skill:Conceptual
4) FollowingtheestablishmentoftheTokugawaShogunate,whatwasthenatureofJapanese
isolation?
Answer: FirststeptakenwaspersecutionofChristians,thenbanningofChristianityin1614;after
1616foreignmerchantslimitedtofewports;by1640s,onlyDutchandChinese
admittedatDeshima;in18thcenturyneo-Confucianphilosophyabandonedinfavorof
schoolofNationalLearningbasedonindigenousJapaneseculture;differedfrom
ChineseinmaintainingoversightofEuropeantechnologicaldevelopments.
Diff:2
PageRef:610-612
Skill:Conceptual
5) EvaluatetheimpactoftheEuropeanentryintotheAsianseatradingnetwork.
Answer: LimitedimpactofChristianmissionaries expelledfromJapan,controlledbyChinese;
onlytruemissionarysuccessonPhilippines;EuropeantradeinChinaandJapanlimited
tofewportcities;moredefiniteimpactonSpiceIslandsonperipheryofAsianempires ,
creationoftributekingdoms;establishmentofseaportsandfortresses.
Diff:2
PageRef:612-613
Topic:Conclusion:AsiaandtheFirstPhaseofEuropesGlobalExpansion
Skill:Conceptual
447
Chapter28 TheEmergenceofIndustrialSocietyinthe
West,1750-1914
1) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthepoliticalphilosophyoftheEnlightenmentis
mostaccurate?
A) Enlightenmentphilosopheswerecreaturesofthemonarchswhoweretheirpatronsand
supportedthepowersofthekings.
B) AlthoughtheEnlightenmentphilosophersweregenerallyopposedtotheauthorityofthe
church,theyarguedthatonlymonarchycouldinsurestabilityforthemasses.
C) Enlightenmentthinkerschallengedregimesthatdidnotgrantfullreligiousfreedomor
thatinsistedonaristocraticprivilege.
D) EnlightenmentintellectualswerethefirmestsupportersofthechurchleftinEuropean
culture.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:624
Topic:ForcesofChange
Skill:Conceptual
2) Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostaccurate?
A) WesternEuropeexperiencedahugepopulationjumpafterabout1730.
B) WesternEuropespopulationwasdevastatedbyaseriesofwarsandepidemicsatthe
beginningofthe18thcentury.
C) PovertyandpoornutritionledtoastagnationoftheEuropeanpopulationuntil1840.
D) Themostsignificantfactorinthemovementofpopulationinthe18thcenturywasthe
increasedmortalityamongchildrenleadingtofewersurvivors.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:625
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) Aboveall,populationpressureinthe18thcentury
A) ledtowholesalereplacementofofficeholdersamongtheelite.
B) drovemanypeopleintotheworking-classproletariat.
C) ledthebusinessclassestoreducethenumberofchildrenintheirfamilies.
D) causedthemiddleclassestoreducerisk-taking.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:625
Skill:Conceptual
448
4) Proto-industrializationrefersto
A) thestrictlyagriculturaleconomythatprecededtheIndustrialRevolution.
B) thedevelopmentoftheruralfactorysystem.
C) theemploymentoflaborerswhoworkedathomebutinacapitalistsystemdependenton
urbanmerchants.
D) thedevelopmentofsystemsoftransportationandcommunicationnecessaryforfull
industrialization.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:625
Skill:Conceptual
5) Populationupheavalandthespreadofapropertylessclassworkingformoneyledtowhichof
thefollowingdevelopments?
A) Anincreaseintheauthorityofthemaleheadsofhouseholds
B) Ageneralacceptanceofauthority,whetherdomesticorpolitical
C) Adeclineinthepercentageofillegitimatebirths
D) Theadoptionofmoreurbanstylesofdress
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:625
Skill:Conceptual
6) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTacauseoftheAmericanRevolution?
A) Britainsattemptstoimposenewtaxesandtradecontrolsafter1763
B) Adesiretooverthrowtheoldercolonialleadership
C) TheBritishinvasionoftheMississippiRiverValley
D) Restrictiononfreemovementintothefrontierareas
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:625
Skill:Conceptual
449
7) InwhatyeardidtheAmericancoloniessetupanewconstitutionalstructurebasedon
Enlightenmentprinciples?
A) 1776
B) 1781
C) 1783
D) 1789
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:625
Skill:Factual
8) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTacauseoftheFrenchRevolution?
A) EnlightenmentthinkersurgingtheneedtolimitthepowersoftheCatholicchurchand
thearistocracy
B) Thechurchseekinggreaterpowerovertheroyalgovernment
C) Themiddleclassdemandforgreaterpoliticalrepresentation
D) Thepeasantdesireforfreedomfrommanorialism
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:626
Skill:Conceptual
9) InwhatyeardidtheFrenchRevolutionbegin?
A) 1789
B) 1791
C) 1795
D) 1798
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:626
Skill:Factual
450
10) OnJuly14inthefirstyearoftheFrenchRevolution,thestormingofwhatpoliticalprison
providedarevolutionarysymbol?
A) Tuileries
B) PlacedesVosges
C) Montparnasse
D) Bastille
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:626
Skill:Factual
11) Whichofthefollowingwasalastingreformpassedduringtheinitial,moderatephaseofthe
FrenchRevolution?
A) Universalmalesuffrage
B) TheintroductionofProtestantism
C) Peasantswerefreedfromalltracesofmanorialism
D) Universalmilitaryconscription
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:626
Skill:Conceptual
12) TheradicalphaseoftheFrenchRevolutionledtoallofthefollowingEXCEPTthe
A) executionoftheking.
B) introductionofthemetricsystemofweightsandmeasures.
C) extensionoftherevolutiontowarfareintheLowCountries,Italy,andGermany.
D) full-scaleattackonprivateproperty.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:626-627
Skill:Conceptual
13) ThefinalphaseoftheFrenchRevolutionwasusheredinbythevictoryof
A) MaximilienRobespierre.
B) NapoleonBonaparte.
C) AugusteComte.
D) PartieGirondin.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:627
Skill:Factual
451
14) InwhatyeardidaEuropeanalliancefinallycrushtheFrenchEmpire?
A) 1809
B) 1811
C) 1815
D) 1822
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:628
Skill:Factual
15) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheimpactoftheFrenchRevolutionontherest
ofEuropeisNOTaccurate?
A) TheFrenchRevolutionspreadkeyrevolutionarylegislationthroughoutmuchofwestern
Europe.
B) TherevolutionencouragedpopularnationalismoutsideofFrance.
C) TheFrenchRevolutionanditssubsequentempirecreatedageneralconsensusafterthe
defeatofFranceforamoreliberalEurope.
D) Theideaofequalityunderthelawandattacksonprivilegewhetheraristocratic,guild,
orecclesiasticalspreadthroughoutEurope.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:628
Skill:Conceptual
16) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthepeaceconferenceatViennafollowingthe
fallofFranceismostaccurate?
A) ThealliesintendedtopunishFranceseverelyinordertomakecertainthatnofurther
revolutionwaspossible.
B) TerritorialadjustmentsreachedatViennakeptEuropefairlystableforalmosthalfa
century.
C) Successfulrestorationofconservativemonarchiesandpromotionofinternalpeacewas
achievedforacentury.
D) Polandemergedasoneofthewinnersintheterritorialrealignmentsthatfollowedthe
wars.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:629
Skill:Conceptual
452
17) WhichpoliticalgrouplistedbelowwouldespousethefollowingstatementThepoliticalgoals
ofgreatestsignificancearetheestablishmentofconstitutionalruleandtheextensionofthe
parliamentaryfranchisetopropertiedmenofthemiddleclass?
A) Radicals
B) Socialists
C) Liberals
D) Conservatives
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:629
Skill:Conceptual
18) Whichpoliticalgrouplistedbelowwouldespousethefollowingstatement?Aslongas
propertyiscontrolledbyprivateindividuals,inequalitywillexist.Itistheroleofthestateto
managepropertyforthebenefitofallcitizens?
A) Radicals
B) Socialists
C) Liberals
D) Conservatives
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:629
Skill:Conceptual
19) In1820,Greecefoughtforitsindependencefrom
A) Austria-Hungary.
B) Poland.
C) Italy.
D) theOttomanEmpire.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:629
Skill:Factual
453
20) Whichofthefollowingnationsbecameindependentforthefirsttimeasaresultofa
revolutionin1830?
A) Germany
B) France
C) Italy
D) Belgium
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:629
Skill:Factual
21) WhatpieceoflegislationgavethevotetomanymembersofthemiddleclassinGreatBritain?
A) TheReformBillof1832
B) TheGreatCharterof1848
C) TheFranchiseActof1811
D) TheCornLaws
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:629
Skill:Factual
22) Afterindustrializationademographictransitionoccurredtoanewsystemthatpromoted
stablepopulationlevelsthrough
A) government-sponsoredfamilyplanning.
B) legalsanctionsagainstillegitimatebirths.
C) lowbirthanddeathrates
D) increasedmortalityduetoindustrialaccidentsandenvironmentalpollution.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:631
Topic:TheConsolidationoftheIndustrialOrder
Skill:Conceptual
454
23) By1900whatproportionoftheWesternpopulationenjoyedconditionsabovethesubsistence
level?
A) Onefifth
B) Onethird
C) Onehalf
D) Twothirds
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:631
Skill:Factual
24) LouisPasteurwasresponsibleforthe
A) developmentofthetelegraph.
B) discoveryofgerms.
C) creationofthefirstFrenchdepartmentstore.
D) inventionofthebirthcontrolpill.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:633
Skill:Factual
25) AsindustrializationspreadpeasantsinEuropeimprovedtheirconditionsbyallofthe
followingmeansEXCEPT
A) overthrowingcapitalism.
B) organizingcooperatives.
C) specializinginnewcashcrops
D) seekingeducationandnewtechnicalskills.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:633
Skill:Conceptual
455
26) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningconservativepoliticalstrategiesafter1850is
mostaccurate?
A) Withthedestructionoftheliberalmovement,conservativesfeltfreetorestorethe
aristocraticbiasofabsolutemonarchy.
B) Conservativesbegantoallymorecloselywithsocialistsinordertooffsetthepolitical
advantagesgainedbyliberalsduringtherevolutionsof1848.
C) ConservativesceasedtoplayanyroleinthepoliticalframeworkofEuropeafter1850.
D) Conservativesstrovetodevelopanewpoliticalconsensuswithliberalsthatwouldgrant
theappearanceofconstitutionalreformbutretainaristocraticprivilege.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:634
Skill:Conceptual
27) WhatBritishconservativeprimeministerwasresponsibleforextendingthevoteto
working-classmalesin1867?
A) ViscountCastlereagh
B) GeorgeCanning
C) BenjaminDisraeli
D) WilliamE.Gladstone
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:634
Skill:Factual
28) WhowasresponsibleformanagingtheunificationofItaly?
A) BenitoMussolini
B) CountCamillodiCavour
C) GeorgioGaspari
D) GiovanniVillani
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:634
Skill:Factual
456
29) WhatGermanconservativewasresponsiblefortheunificationofGermanyin1871?
A) OttovonBismarck
B) TheElectorofHanover
C) KingJosephII
D) KlemensvonMetternich
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:634
Skill:Factual
30) WhichofthefollowingdidNOTrepresentanexpansionofgovernmentfunctionsintheWest
after1870?
A) Civilserviceexaminations
B) Extensionofregulatoryapparatus
C) Theestablishmentofmandatorynationalunionsforlaborers
D) Widerwelfaremeasures
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:635
Skill:Conceptual
31) WhichofthefollowingstatementscouldNOTbeattributedtothepoliticalphilosophyofKarl
Marx?
A) Earliersocialisttheoriesbasedonutopianschemesweresillyandunrealistic.
B) Intheaftermathofthevictoryoftheproletariat,thestatewouldemergepermanentlyas
apowerfuldictatorship.
C) Historywasshapedbytheavailablemeansofproductionandwhocontrolledthem.
D) Revolutionoftheproletariatagainstthebourgeoisiewasinevitable.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:636
Skill:Conceptual
457
32) Inwhatnationdidsocialismproducethestrongestpoliticalparty?
A) Britain
B) TheUnitedStates
C) France
D) Germany
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:636
Skill:Factual
33) Socialistmovementsthatproposedthepossibilityofgradualandpeacefulchangeratherthan
revolutionwerecalled
A) Bolsheviks.
B) Revisionist.
C) Falangists.
D) Boulangists.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:636
Skill:Factual
34) Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribestherelationshipbetweenscience
andtheartsinthelater19thcentury?
A) Scienceandartcontinuedtofollowthelinesofclassicalandrationaltraditionalism.
B) Scienceandartofthe19thcenturywerefreedfromthetraditionsofclassicalrationalism
andembarkedonaradicalshiftthatfavoredtheemotional.
C) SciencecontinuedtheWesterntrendoftraditionalrationalism,butartadoptedthemore
emotionalandimpressionistictheoriesofRomanticism.
D) Therewerefewscientificadvancesaftertheearlystagesofindustrializationandlittleif
anyinnovationinthefieldofart.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:638
Topic:CulturalTransformations
Skill:Conceptual
458
35) Whoproposedevolutionin1859asthebasisofbiologicaldevelopment?
A) CharlesDarwin
B) KarlLeBlanc
C) LouisPasteur
D) NilsBormann
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:638
Topic:CulturalTransformations
Skill:Factual
36) AmericanexceptionalismsuggeststhattheUnitedStates
A) developedonitsowntermswithonlyincidentalcontactwithEurope.
B) dependedexclusivelyforitsculturaldevelopmentonEurope.
C) hadnoculturalrelationshipofanykindwithEurope.
D) achieveditsculturalfoundationsfromNativeAmericans.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:642-643
Topic:WesternSettlerSocieties
Skill:Conceptual
37) Westernexpansioninthe19thcenturymeantanextensionofWesternsocietyitself,andnot
primarilyanewculturalinterchange.WhichofthefollowingregionswasNOTanareaof
Westernexpansion?
A) Canada
B) Malaya
C) NewZealand
D) Australia
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:641-642
Skill:Factual
38) BritainsAustraliancoloniesoriginatedin1788as
A) miningexpeditions.
B) plantationandranchingsettlements.
C) penalsettlements.
D) fortifiedtradingports.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:642
Skill:Factual
459
39) WhichofthefollowingcountrieswasNOTamemberoftheTripleEntente?
A) Russia
B) France
C) Britain
D) TheUnitedStates
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:644
Topic:DiplomaticTensionsandWorldWarI
Skill:Factual
40) Balkannationalisminitiallyexacerbateddeterioratingrelationshipsbetweenwhattwopowers
withinterestsintheregion?
A) BritainandFrance
B) GermanyandItaly
C) RussiaandAustria-Hungary
D) FranceandRussia
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:644
Skill:Factual
EssayQuestions
1) WhatwerethepermanentreformsoftheAmericanandFrenchrevolutions?
Answer: Bothcasesrelatedtotriumphofliberalconstitutionalism,Enlightenmentpolitical
philosophy;creationofparliamentaryinstitutions,assaultsonaristocraticand
ecclesiasticalprivilege;broadervotingrightsformiddleclasses;abolitionofserfdomin
France;establishmentofequalityunderthelaw.
Diff:2
PageRef:623-631
Skill:Conceptual
2) InwhatwaysdidtheNapoleonicperiod,despitethecreationofanauthoritarianregime,result
intheextensionofrevolutiontotherestofEurope?
Answer: SpreadconceptsofrevolutionoutsideboundariesofFrance, liberalconstitutionalism,
equalityunderthelaw,parliamentaryrestrictionsonabsolutism;destructionof
aristocraticprivilegecreateddemandsforgreaterpoliticalvoiceamongmiddleand
workingclasses;encouragedpopularnationalismonliberallines;ledtorevolutionsin
1820inGreeceandSpain,in1830inBelgium,France,andcentralEurope.
Diff:2
PageRef:627-629
Skill:Conceptual
460
3) After1850whatpoliticalcoalitionsledtosuccessfulnationalistmovements,particularlyin
centralEurope?
Answer: UnionofconservativessuchasCavourandBismarckwithliberalsandtoalesserextent
withsocialistsinordertopermitcentralization;inbothItalyandGermanyreforms
werepassed,universalmanhoodsuffrage,promotionofindustrialization,extensionof
welfare,education;interestsofliberalssubmergedinnationalpride,desireforunited
country.
Diff:2
PageRef:631-637
Skill:Conceptual
4) HowdidtheemergenceofnewcentralEuropeannationsafter1870leadtoincreased
diplomatictensions?
Answer: Fewpartsofworldavailableforcolonialexpansion;latecomershadfewplacesavailable
tocolonize;createdtensionsandcompetitionamongnations;FranceandBritain
terrifiedbygrowingmilitary,naval,andeconomicpowerofGermany;Russiaand
FranceconcernedbydiplomaticisolationasGermanybegantocreatecentralEuropean
alliancesystem(TripleAllianceofGermany,Austria-Hungary,andItaly);ledto
creationofsecondalliancesystemamongoldernations(TripleEntente ofBritain,
France,andRussia);eachalliancesystemcontainedaweakernation Austria-Hungary
andRussia.
Diff:2
PageRef:644-646
Skill:Conceptual
461
Chapter29 IndustrializationandImperialism:The
MakingoftheEuropeanGlobalOrder
1) WhodefeatedBritainatIsandhlwanainJanuary1879?
A) India
B) France
C) Germany
D) Zulus
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:648
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthemanagementofcolonialenterprisesbythe
DutchandBritishEastIndiacompaniesismostaccurate?
A) Thedirectorsofthecompanieswerelittleinterestedintheacquisitionofcolonial
territories.
B) Thedirectorsofthecompaniesmadepreciseplansfortheexpansionofcompany
administrativecontroloverthegovernmentsofindigenouspeoples.
C) Thecompaniesweregrantedmonopoliesbygovernmentswiththeclearexpectationthat
theywouldconquernewterritoriesfortheirrespectivenations.
D) ThecompaniesweremerefigureheadsfortheactiveanddirectinterventionofEuropean
nationsintheaffairsofAsianpeoples.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:651
Topic:TheShifttoLandEmpiresinAsia
Skill:Conceptual
3) Howwere18thcenturylandempiresinAsiaaccumulated?
A) Bydirectgovernmentintervention
B) BythepolicyofthedirectorsoftheDutchandBritishEastIndiacompanies
C) BytheinitiativeofoverseasagentsoftheDutchandBritishEastIndiacompaniesacting
intheabsenceofinstructionsfromthecompanydirectors
D) No18thcenturyterritorialacquisitionsweremade
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:651
Skill:Conceptual
462
4) WhichofthefollowingwastheearliestexampleofaEuropeanempirebuiltasaresultof
independentinitiativeofcompanyagents?
A) Java
B) Siam
C) India
D) Libya
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:652
Skill:Factual
5) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheincursionoftheDutchEastIndiacompany
inJavaismostaccurate?
A) TheDutchwerecontentinthe1620stobethevassalsofthesultanofMataram.
B) TheDutchwonaseriesofmilitaryvictoriesinthe1620sthatestablishedtheirmilitary
dominanceinJava.
C) TheDutchreliedonshipsandmilitaryforcesfromHollandtoestablishtheirinitial
supremacyinJava.
D) TheDutchreplacedthelocalrulerswithacompanydirectoratetogovernthecolonyof
Javainthe1620s.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:652
Skill:Conceptual
6) WhattacticledtotheDutchcontroloftheentireislandofJava?
A) TheDutchwonaseriesofnavalbattlesoverforcesofthesultanofMataram.
B) TheDutchintroducedAfricanmercenariesintoJavatosecureamilitaryvictory.
C) TheDutch,usingmercenaryforcesrecruitedfromthepeopleofJava,intervenedin
successiondisputesinreturnforgrantsofland.
D) TheDutchusedtheprocessofconversionofmassesoftheJavanesepeopleaswellasthe
elitetogainapositionofsupremacyonJava.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:652
Skill:Conceptual
463
7) InwhatwaywastheBritishEastIndiaCompanysintrusionintoIndiasimilartotheDutch
entryintoJava?
A) TheconversionoftheIndianelitetoChristianity
B) Theuseofmercenariesrecruitedfromamongindigenouspeoples
C) TheBritishremovalofalllocalrulersinthe18thcentury
D) ThedirectinterventionoftheBritishgovernment
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:653
Skill:Conceptual
8) InwhichofthefollowingwayswastheBritishexperienceinIndiadifferentfromthatofthe
DutchinJava?
A) ThelackofinvolvementoftheBritishEastIndiaCompany
B) TheabsenceofinterventioninlocalsquabblesandsuccessiondisputesinIndia
C) Thefailuretouseindigenouspeoplesinrecruitedarmies
D) TheexistenceofaglobalimperialrivalrywiththeFrench
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:653
Skill:Conceptual
9) WhatwasthecriticalbattleinwhichtheBritishdefeatedacombinedforceofIndiansand
French?
A) Nawab
B) Siraj-ud-daula
C) Plassey
D) Calicut
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:654
Skill:Factual
464
10) WhowastheBritishcommanderduringthemilitaryvictoriesovertheFrenchinIndiaduring
the18thcentury?
A) LordCornwallis
B) RobertClive
C) JohnChurchill,theDukeofMarlborough
D) RichardArkwright
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:654
Skill:Factual
11) ThevictoryoftheforcesoftheBritishEastIndiaCompanyovertheFrenchgavethemdirect
controlof
A) Bengal.
B) Punjab.
C) theIndusRivervalley.
D) Mysore.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:654
Skill:Factual
12) TheterritoriescontrolledbytheBritishEastIndiaCompanyexpandedconcurrentlywiththe
collapseofthe
A) Safaviddominions.
B) MughalEmpire.
C) Mauryanterritories.
D) Raj.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:655
Skill:Factual
465
13) WhichofthefollowingcitieswasNOToneoftheadministrativecentersofthethree
presidenciesestablishedbytheBritishEastIndiaCompany?
A) Madras
B) Bombay
C) Calcutta
D) Delhi
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:655
Skill:Factual
14) InwhatyeardidtheBritishwinthebattleofPlassey?
A) 1754
B) 1789
C) 1832
D) 1757
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:654
Skill:Factual
15) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTahandicapfacedbytheIndianprincesindefendingtheir
kingdomsfromtheBritish?
A) ThelackofasenseofnationalidentityinIndia
B) ThewillingnessofIndianstoserveintheBritisharmies
C) ThecontinuedwarfareamongtheIndianprinces
D) ThesuccessoftheBritishinwinningmanyconvertstoChristianity
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:655
Skill:Conceptual
466
16) AllofthefollowingwerereasonswhyIndiabecamethepivotofthegreatBritishempire
EXCEPT
A) thesizeoftheIndianlandarmy.
B) theutilityofIndianportsinmaintainingBritishseapower.
C) theresidenceofmorewhitesettlersthananyotherBritishcolony.
D) theexistenceofrawmaterialsusefultotheBritishindustries.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:655
Skill:Conceptual
17) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningcolonialsocietyinIndiaandJavapriorto1850
ismostaccurate?
A) TheDutchandBritishwerecontenttoleavethesocialsystemsofJavaandIndiapretty
muchastheyfoundthem.
B) ThemassiveconversionoftheJavanesetoProtestantismcreatedasignificantchangein
socialmores,buttheBritishwereunabletocarryoutasimilarchangeinIndia.
C) ThearrivaloftheBritishandtheDutchcompletelydestroyedtheoriginalsocial
hierarchiesofIndiaandJava.
D) TheDutchandBritishincursionsresultedintheremovaloftheindigenousaristocracies
andthesubstitutionofdirectEuropeancontrolofthepeasants.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:655
Skill:Conceptual
18) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningEuropeaninteractionwithindigenouspeoples
priorto1850ismostaccurate?
A) SocialtabooseffectivelypreventedanysocialinteractionbetweenEuropeansand
indigenouspeoples.
B) AsmostoftheEuropeansweremale,socialinteractionwaslimitedtosexualexploitation
offemalesinbrothelsorasslaves.
C) MixedmarriagesbetweenEuropeanmalesandindigenousfemalesbecamewidely
accepted,particularlyinJava.
D) BothEuropeanmalesandfemalesintermarriedwithindigenouspeoplesonacommon
basis.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:657
Skill:Conceptual
467
19) ThelaterrepresentativesoftheBritishEastIndiaCompanywhowentouttosecuresudden
wealth,oftenthroughcorruption,werecalled
A) nawabs.
B) nabobs.
C) nizards.
D) nygards.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:658
Skill:Factual
20) WhowasresponsibleforthesweepingreformsinIndiainthe1790s?
A) RobertClive
B) RichardArkwright
C) LordCornwallis
D) GeneralJohnBurgoyne
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:658
Skill:Factual
21) WhatEnglishreligiousmovementwascriticaltothesocialreformmovementintheBritish
Empirebythebeginningofthe19thcentury?
A) Erastian
B) Calvinist
C) Evangelical
D) Separatist
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:658
Skill:Factual
468
22) JeremyBenthamandJamesMillwereleadersofwhatphilosophicalmovementthatsupported
socialreforminthecolonies?
A) Sophism
B) ScientificPositivism
C) SocialDarwinism
D) Utilitarianism
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:658
Skill:Factual
23) Whichofthefollowingcountriesgrantedcitizenshiptoeducatedinhabitantsoftheircolonies?
A) Britain
B) Germany
C) Holland
D) France
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:656-657
Skill:Conceptual
24) DuringwhatdecadedidEuropeancountriesreducemuchofAfrica,Asia,andthePacificto
colonialpossessions?
A) 1840s
B) 1850s
C) 1860s
D) 1870s
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:659
Topic:IndustrialRivalriesandthePartitionoftheWorld
Skill:Factual
469
25) Inthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury,whatEuropeannationdominatedoverseastradeand
empirebuilding?
A) Holland
B) Portugal
C) Britain
D) Germany
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:659
Skill:Factual
26) WhichofthefollowingnationsdidNOTenterthecompetitiveraceforcolonialempireand
industrialsupremacyafter1870?
A) Germany
B) Belgium
C) Spain
D) TheUnitedStates
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:659
Skill:Factual
A) EuropeannationsweremilitarysuperiortoAfricannationsintheearly20thcentury.
B) EuropeannationscooperatedtodefeattheoutmannedarmiesofAfricannations.
C) Europeannationsrapidlycametoagreementsovertheterritorialdivisionofcolonial
holdings.
D) TheLeagueofNationssupervisedtheconstructionofEuropeancolonialempires.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:660
Skill:Conceptual
470
28) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTamotiveforexpansioninthelate19thcentury?
A) Thepressureofpublicopinion
B) Theuseofcoloniesaspressurevalvestoreleasethepressuresofunemployedworkers
andsurplusgoods
C) TheabsenceofinfluenceofpoliticalleadersintheEuropeancountries
D) Theneedtoensureasupplyofrawmaterials
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:659
Skill:Conceptual
29) Thejingoisticpressandtheextensionofthevotetothelowermiddleandworkingclasses
A) madepublicopinionamajorfactorinforeignpolicy.
B) lefttheplanningofimperialexpansiontotheEuropeanaristocracy.
C) madeimperialexpansionimpossibletoachieve.
D) ledtodemandsformassiveprogramsofemigrationfromEuropeancountries.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:659
Skill:Conceptual
A) FacedwiththeadvancedmilitarytechnologyoftheEuropeans,indigenouspeople
ceasedresistingtheimperialadvance.
B) Despiteadvancesinmilitarytechnology,theEuropeansremainedunabletoovercome
theAsianadvantagesinpopulation.
C) AfricanandAsianpeoplesoftenfiercelyresistedcolonialrule,althoughwithoutrealistic
chancesofpermanentsuccess.
D) NoAfricanorAsianmilitaryforceswonsetpiecebattles.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:660
Skill:Conceptual
471
31) Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsmostaccuratelydefinesthetermtropicaldependencies?
A) ImperialpossessionsinwhichthenumbersofEuropeansettlersandindigenouspeoples
wereapproximatelyequal
B) ColoniesinwhichsmallnumbersofEuropeansruledlargenumbersofnon -Western
peoples
C) Colonieswithsubstantialmajoritiesofwhite,Europeanimmigrants
D) ColoniesthatwerelargelyunpopulatedpriortothecomingoftheEuropeans
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:662
Topic:PatternsofDominance:ContinuityandChange
Skill:Conceptual
32) WhichofthefollowingisanexampleofaWhiteDominion?
A) NewZealand
B) Hawaii
C) Australia
D) Kenya
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:662
Skill:Factual
33) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribestheEuropeanstrategywith
respecttotheircontroloftropicaldependencies?
A) TheEuropeansexploitedlongstandingethnicandculturaldivisionsbetweenindigenous
peoples.
B) EuropeancolonialismdependedonwholesaleconversionstoChristianity.
C) Inmanycases,theEuropeansutilizedtheirmilitarysuperioritytocarryoutgenocide
againstAfricanandAsianpeoples.
D) ColonialrulerstendedtofavorMuslimsattheexpenseofotherminoritiesinAfricanand
AsiancoloniesbecauseofthelevelofeducationofMuslimpeoples.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:662
Skill:Conceptual
472
34) HowdidtheestablishmentofeducationalsystemsinAfricadifferfromthoseofJavaand
India?
A) Theydependedmoreonstateassistancethanonreligiousmissionaries
B) Theydependedmoreonreligiousmissionariesthanonstatesupport
C) EducationalsystemsinAfricawererunalmostexclusivelybyindigenouspeoples
D) TherewasmorehighereducationpromotedinAfrica
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:663-664
Skill:Conceptual
35) Whichofthefollowingincentivestogreaterproductionwascommonlyutilizedbycolonizers
inthelater19thcentury?
A) Higherwages
B) Betterlivingconditions
C) Theimpositionofheadorhuttaxespayableincommodities
D) TheconstructionofEuropean-styleworkerscommunities
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:666
Skill:Conceptual
36) WhichofthefollowingeconomicsectorsdidNOTincreaseasaresultofEuropeaneconomic
exploitationoftheircolonies?
A) Mining
B) Cocoa
C) Palmoil
D) Foodcrops
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:666
Skill:Factual
473
37) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheinternaleconomiesoftheEuropeancolonies
ismostaccurate?
A) TheintroductionofEuropeantechnologysuchasrailwaysandtelegraphswereintended
toimprovetheinternaleconomiesofthecolonies.
B) Slowly,theindustrialsystemoftheWest,includingfactoriesandtheproductionof
manufacturedgoods,wasintroducedintoAfricaandAsia.
C) By1914,AsianandAfricancolonieshadwoneconomicindependencefromthe
Europeancolonizers.
D) ColonialeconomiesweresteadilyreducedtodependenceontheEuropean -dominated
globalmarket.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:666
Skill:Conceptual
38) TowhichareasdidmostofBritishforeigninvestmentflowby1913?
A) WhiteDominions
B) India
C) WestAfrica
D) SouthAfrica
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:663
Skill:Conceptual
39) WhateventsettheBoercolonyinSouthAfricaonadifferentpaththantheWhiteDominions
ofCanadaandAustralia?
A) ThearrivaloftheBantuintothoseregionssettledbytheBoersinthe1790s
B) UprisingamongtheKhoikhoiin1802
C) TheannexationofthecolonybytheBritishin1815
D) TheGermaninvasionofsouthernAfricain1902
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:667
Skill:Conceptual
474
40) WhichofthefollowingwasarepublicfoundedbytheBoersinthe1850s?
A) Oudenaarde
B) Ryswick
C) Transvaal
D) Senegal
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:668
Skill:Factual
41) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaresultofthefirstcontactbetweentheMaorisand
Europeansduringthe1790s?
A) Thespreadofalcoholismandprostitution
B) TheintroductionofEuropeanfirearmstoMaoriwarfare
C) TheintroductionofEuropeandiseasessuchassmallpox
D) PeacefulrelationsbetweentheMaorisandthewhitesettlers
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:669
Skill:Conceptual
42) HawaiiwaseffectivelyopenedtotheWestthroughthevoyagesof
A) Magellan.
B) CaptainJamesCook.
C) HenryHudson.
D) AdmiralFarragut.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:669
Skill:Factual
43) WhatHawaiianprincecreatedaunitedkingdomin1810withtheaidofBritishweaponsand
advisors?
A) Makepani
B) Mahele
C) Haoalele
D) Kamehameha
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:669
Skill:Factual
475
EssayQuestions
1) InwhatwayswastheBritishconquestofIndiasimilartotheDutchcolonizationofJava?In
whatwayswasitdifferent?
Answer: Similarities:ColonizationinitiallyinhandsofBritishEastIndiaCompany,notBritish
government;intervenedinwarsbetweenrivalprincestogainlandandauthorityas
MughalEmpiredisintegrated;recruitedarmyfromamongindigenouspeoples.
Differences:existenceofchallengefromFrench;warsagainstFrenchandIndianallies
ledtocontrolofBengal-Bihar.
Diff:2
PageRef:648-657
Skill:Conceptual
2) OneofthefirstelementsofEuropeanreformwithinthecolonieswastheintroductionof
educationalsystems.InwhatsensedidtheintroductionofWesterneducationplanttheseeds
ofdecolonization?
Answer: CreatedamiddleclassalienatedfrombothBritishandindigenouspopulation;received
lowerwagesthanEuropeans;servedasminoradministratorsbeneathEuropean
masters;lackedbothprestigeandauthority;moretechnologicallyorientedthan
indigenouspeasantry;morecomfortablewithindustrializedsociety;alienationledto
movementstorecastcoloniesinmoreacceptablemode;becameleadersofrevolutionary
movements.
Diff:2
PageRef:662-665
Skill:Conceptual
3) Inwhatwaysdidtheprocessofindustrializationandnationalcentralizationtypicalof19th
centuryEuropealtertheprocessofimperialism?
Answer: ApplicationofindustrializationtomilitarytechnologyallowedEuropeanstodominate
world;useoftelegraph,steamship,andrailwaysimprovedcommunications,permitted
statetoplaygreaterroleindeterminingpolicy;nationalcentralizationallowed
GermanytochallengeBritishsupremacy;alsoindustrializationofU.S.createdeconomic
challenge;ledtoarmsbuildups,alliances,competitionforempire.
Diff:2
PageRef:659-662
Skill:Conceptual
476
4) Inwhatwaysdidthecolonizersofthelate19thcenturycontroltheindigenouspeoplesand
increaseeconomicexploitation?
Answer: Continuedtoexploitlongstandingethnicandculturaldivisions ,particularlyreligious;
playedanimistsorChristiansagainstMuslims;oftenutilizedminoritypeoplesto
administerterritoriesinreturnforpoliticalsupport;dividedpeopleintotribes;recruited
favoredgroupsforWesterneducation,rolesingovernment;createdeconomy
dependentonindustrializedWest;extractedrawmaterialsbyintroductionofincentives
orcoercion,taxes,productionquotas;increasedsectorsofeconomyusefultoWestern
industryatexpenseoflocaleconomy.
Diff:2
PageRef:655-666
Skill:Conceptual
5) Inwhatwaysdidthecolonialexperienceofcontestedsettlercoloniesdifferfromthatof
tropicaldependencies?
Answer: Intruecoloniessmallnumbersofwhitesgovernedlargepopulationsofindigenous
peoples;resultedinpermanentexploitationbyEuropeans;incontestedsettlercolonies,
strugglesbetweenwhitesettlersandindigenouspeoplesoftenresultedinbalance;
SouthAfricawastheearliestcontestedsettlercolony;strugglewithZulus,British
resolvedindecolonizationofBoers,supremacyoverSouthAfricanindigenouspeoples,
Bantus;NewZealandMaorissufferedfromentryofwhites,butlearneduseoflawsto
gainbalanceofpower,rightsoverlandandresources;similarresultsinHawaii.
Diff:2
PageRef:662-671
Skill:Conceptual
477
Chapter30 TheConsolidationofLatinAmerica,
1830-1920
1) InwhatwaywasLatinAmericadifferentthantheotherregionsthatremainedoutsidethe
directcontrolofWesternimperialism?
A) LatinAmericahadnoeconomicrelationshipwiththeWest.
B) Duringthecenturyofimperialism,LatinAmericahadfoughtandwonindependence
fromtheSpanishandthePortuguese.
C) Unliketheothers,LatinAmericahadnopreviouspoliticalrelationshiptotheWest.
D) TheidealsoftheEnlightenmenthadlittleornoimpactonLatinAmerica.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:674
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) InwhatcenturydidmostLatinAmericancountriesachievetheirindependence?
A) 17th
B) 18th
C) 19th
D) 20th
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:674
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
3) WhichofthefollowingwasNOToneofthebeliefsthatLatinAmericasharedwiththeWest
duringthe19thcentury?
A) Beliefinprogress
B) Beliefinreform
C) Beliefincolonialism
D) Beliefinprivateproperty
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:674
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
478
4) Whichofthefollowingeventswasrejectedbycreoleelitesasamodelofrevolutionbecauseof
excessiveradicalism?
A) TheAmericanRevolution
B) TheFrenchRevolution
C) TheindependencemovementinPortugal
D) TheNapoleonicWars
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:675
Topic:FromColoniestoNations
Skill:Conceptual
5) TheleaderoftheslaveindependencemovementontheislandofSt.Dominguewas
A) BernardinoRivadavia.
B) FatherMigueldeHidalgo.
C) SimonBolivar.
D) ToussaintLOverture.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:675
Skill:Factual
6) ForwhomdidtheindependenceofHaitiserveasasymboloffreedomandhope?
A) Thecreoleelite
B) TheSpanish
C) Slaves
D) Mestizos
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:675
Skill:Factual
7) WhatwastheimpactoftheHaitianindependencemovementonLatinAmerica?
A) ItservedasamodelfornationalindependencemovementsthroughoutSouthand
CentralAmerica
B) Itdemonstratedthepowerofcreoleelitesinleadingrevolutionarymovements
C) ItledimmediatelytoageneralabolitionofslaverythroughoutLatinAmerica
D) Creoleelitesvieweditwithhorrorasanexampleofgeneralsocialupheaval
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:675
Skill:Conceptual
479
8) WhateventinEuropeprecipitatedthemovementsforindependenceinLatinAmerica?
A) TheforcedabdicationoftheroyalfamilyofSpainduringtheNapoleonicWars
B) TheconquestoftheMughalEmpirebythePortuguese
C) SpainslossofcolonialterritoriestotheBritishduringtheWarofJenkinsEar
D) TheSevenYearsWar
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:675
Skill:Conceptual
9) WhoinvadedSpainin1808?
A) France
B) Britain
C) Holland
D) Denmark
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:675
Skill:Factual
10) WhoinitiatedthemovementforindependenceinMexicobycallingonthemestizosand
Indianstorebelin1810?
A) ToussaintLOverture
B) FatherMigueldeHidalgo
C) SimonBolivar
D) ManueldeRosas
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:675
Skill:Factual
11) WhowasproclaimedthefirstemperorofMexico?
A) ToussaintLOverture
B) BernardinoRivadavia
C) ManueldeRosas
D) AugustindeIturbide
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:675
Skill:Factual
480
12) SimonBolivarwasresponsiblefortheindependencemovementin
A) Argentina.
B) Mexico.
C) northernSouthAmerica.
D) Guatemala.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:676
Skill:Factual
13) ThepersonresponsiblefortheindependencemovementsinArgentinaandChilewas
A) ManueldeRosas.
B) BernardinoRivadavia.
C) SimonBolivar.
D) JosedeSanMartin.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:676
Skill:Factual
14) BywhatdatehadallofSpanishSouthAmericagaineditsindependence?
A) 1808
B) 1814
C) 1816
D) 1825
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:676
Skill:Factual
15) InwhatwaywastheexperienceoftheNapoleonicwarsdifferentforPortugalthanforSpain?
A) PortugalwasalliedwiththeFrenchemperor.
B) TheFrenchattemptedtoinvadePortugal,butfailed.
C) TheentireroyalfamilyfledfromtheFrenchtoBrazilandestablishedtheircapitalthere.
D) FollowingthedefeatofthePortuguese,theFrenchtookoverthecolonialadministration
ofBrazil.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:677
Skill:Conceptual
481
16) HowwasBrazilianindependenceachieved?
A) Througharebellionledbythecreoleelite
B) ThroughaslaverebelliononthemodelofHaiti
C) BecausetheFrenchfreedthecolonyunilaterally
D) Pedro,theprinceregentofBrazil,declaredindependence
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:677
Skill:Conceptual
17) InwhatwaywasthegovernmentofindependentBrazildifferentfromthoseoftheother
newlycreatedLatinAmericannations?
A) Brazilwasamonarchyratherthanarepublic
B) Itwastheonlygovernmentthatimmediatelyabolishedslavery
C) Itwasruledbythepopularmajorityofformerslavesandpeopleofmixedrace
D) ItwastheonlyrepublicanformofgovernmentestablishedinLatinAmerica
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:677
Skill:Conceptual
A) WhilemostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicismastheofficialreligionofthenew
states,somesoughttoendtheexclusionofotherfaiths.
B) RomanCatholicismhadbeentheonlystatereligionduringthecolonialperiod,andits
statusastheonlypermittedreligionremainedunchallengedafterindependence.
C) TheonsetofindependencewasaccompaniedbyageneraltrendawayfromCatholicism
towardProtestantreligions.
D) ThedefenseoftheRomanCatholicchurchbecamearallyingcryforLatinAmerican
liberals.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:677
Topic:NewPoliticalandEconomicRealities
Skill:Conceptual
482
19) InwhichofthefollowingareasdidslaveryNOTexistfollowing1854?
A) Cuba
B) PuertoRico
C) Mexico
D) Brazil
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:677
Skill:Factual
20) WhichofthefollowingstateswasnotpartofGranColombia?
A) Paraguay
B) Ecuador
C) Venezuela
D) Colombia
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:676
Skill:Factual
21) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthepoliticalorganizationofLatinAmericato
1850ismostaccurate?
A) MostofLatinAmericawasdividedupintoconsolidatedunitsthatmirroredthecolonial
viceroyalties.
B) Theexcellentcolonialroadsystemenabledthecreationoflargerstatesafter
independence.
C) PermanentconsolidationandunionwasmoretypicalofCentralAmericaandsouthern
SouthAmericathanelsewhere.
D) Mostattemptsatconsolidationandunionfailed.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:678
Skill:Conceptual
483
22) Independentleaderswhodominatedlocalareasbyforceindefianceofnationalpoliciesand
whosometimesseizedthenationalgovernmentwerecalled
A) Rurales.
B) caudillos.
C) guano.
D) fazendas.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:679
Skill:Factual
23) Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsismostaccuratelyassociatedwiththecentralisttheory
ofgovernmentinLatinAmerica?
A) Fiscalandcommercialpoliciessetbyregionalgovernments
B) RecognitionofthepoliticalrightsofIndiansandmestizos
C) Democracy
D) Strongnationalgovernmentswithbroadpowers
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:727
Skill:Conceptual
24) WhichofthefollowingpoliticalprincipleswouldNOTbeassociatedwithLatinAmerican
liberals?
A) Rightsofindividuals
B) SecularsocietymodeledontheUnitedStates
C) Theretentionofcorporategroups
D) Developmentofcommerce
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:679
Skill:Conceptual
484
25) InwhatwaywerebothliberalandconservativepartiesinLatinAmericasimilar?
A) TheirdistrustforRomanCatholicism
B) Theiracceptanceoffederalistpoliticaltheory
C) Theirendorsementofcentralistpoliticaltheory
D) Thesocialoriginsoftheirleadership
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:679
Skill:Conceptual
26) WhatEuropeannationwasthefirsttoofferrecognitionofandtradewiththenewly
independentnationsofLatinAmerica?
A) Germany
B) Britain
C) Spain
D) Portugal
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:682
Topic:LatinAmericanEconomiesandWorldMarkets
Skill:Factual
27) TheUnitedStatesexpresseditsattitudetowardLatinAmericanindependencein1823withthe
issuanceofthe
A) ArticlesofConfederation.
B) SouthwestOrdinance.
C) CanningTreaty.
D) MonroeDoctrine.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:682
Skill:Factual
28) WhatnationreplacedSpainpriorto1850asthedominanteconomicforceinLatinAmerica?
A) France
B) TheUnitedStates
C) Britain
D) Germany
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:682
Skill:Factual
485
29) WhichofthefollowingfactorsdidNOTaccountfortheeconomicstagnationinLatinAmerica
from1820to1850?
A) Theslowrecoveryoftheminingsectorafterwarsofindependence
B) Thelackofatransportationnetworkandportfacilities
C) Thelackofcapitalforinvestmentinindustry
D) Theabsenceofforeignmarketsforrawmaterials
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:682-683
Skill:Conceptual
30) PerusprimaryexporttoEuropebetween1850and1880wasguanoor
A) birddroppings.
B) mercury.
C) woolencloth.
D) turtleeggs.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:682
Skill:Factual
31) ManyliberalpoliticiansinLatinAmericaadoptedAugusteComtesphilosophyof
A) utilitarianism.
B) existentialism.
C) positivism.
D) progressivism.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:683
Skill:Factual
486
32) Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsofthepoliticianswholedliberalgovernmentsin
post-1860LatinAmericaisNOTaccurate?
A) Theyrepresentedanewgenerationofpoliticianswhohadmaturedafterindependence
B) TheyfavoredexpansionofthefranchisetoIndiansandmestizos whorepresentedthe
ancientaspectsofLatinAmericancivilization
C) TheirinspirationwasEngland,France,andtheUnitedStates
D) Theywerefirmbelieversinprogress,education,andfreecompetitionwithinasecular
society
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:684
Skill:Conceptual
33) Between1832and1854,whodominatedMexicanpolitics?
A) FatherMigueldeHidalgo
B) BenitoJua rez
C) AntonioLo pezdeSantaAnna
D) BernardinoRivadavia
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:684
Skill:Factual
34) WhichofthefollowingnationsdidNOTintervenemilitarilyinMexicanpoliticsbetween1829
and1865?
A) Spain
B) TheUnitedStates
C) France
D) Britain
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:684-685
Skill:Factual
487
35) ManifestDestinyreferredto
A) theinevitabilityofademocraticrepublicinMexico.
B) theeconomicdominanceofBritaininLatinAmerica.
C) theimpositionofFrenchgovernmentinMexicoduringthereignofNapoleonIII.
D) thebeliefthattheUnitedStateswasdestinedtoruletheNorthAmericancontinentfrom
coasttocoast.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:684
Skill:Factual
36) TheagreementfollowingtheMexicanAmericanWarinwhichMexicocededaboutonehalfof
itsterritorytotheUnitedStateswastheTreatyof
A) SanAntonio.
B) Atchison-Jua rez.
C) Guadalupe-Hidalgo.
D) theRioGrande.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:684
Skill:Factual
37) TheleaderoftheliberalrebellioninMexicocalledLaReforma was

A) BenitoJua rez.
B) BernardinoRivadavia.
C) SimonBolivar.
D) GeneralAntonioLo pezdeSantaAnna.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:684
Skill:Factual
38) UnderJuanManueldeRosas,theUnitedProvincesoftheRiodelaPlata
A) adoptedthefederalistprogramofaweakcentralgovernmentandlocalautonomy.
B) overthrewthedominanceofBuenosAiresprovince.
C) undertookaprogramofeducationandeconomictrainingamongtheIndians.
D) introducedademocraticregimethatrecognizedpoliticaldiversitywithoutviolence.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:686
Skill:Conceptual
488
39) WhatwasthenewexportcropinBrazilthatmadeupover40percentofBrazilsexportsby
1840?
A) Tea
B) Sugar
C) Cotton
D) Coffee
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:688
Skill:Factual
40) Followingthe1830s,theliteraryandartisticstylepreferredinLatinAmericawas
A) neo-classicism.
B) Romanticism.
C) existentialism.
D) Dadaism.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:689
Topic:SocietiesinSearchofThemselves
Skill:Factual
41) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthestatusofwomeninpost -independence

LatinAmericaismostaccurate?
A) Followingindependence,womengainedlittlegroundandtherewasvirtuallynochange
intheattitudestowardwomensproperroleinsociety.
B) Becauseoftheirparticipationintheindependencemovement,womenwererewardedin
post-revolutionaryLatinAmericawithvotingrightsandaccesstopoliticaloffice.
C) Becausewomeningeneralfailedtosupporttherevolutionarymovements,theywerenot
includedinthemassivereformsthatfollowedindependence.
D) Thestatusofwomenactuallydeclinedafterindependence,astheywerecutofffrom
areassuchaspubliceducationthathadbeenavailabletothemincolonialLatinAmerica.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:690
Skill:Conceptual
489
42) By1888thestigmaofskincolorandformerslavestatus
A) wasnolongerafactorinLatinAmericansocialhierarchy.
B) wasnotafactorexceptintheformerplantationcoloniesoftheCaribbean.
C) wasnotafactorforIndians,butcontinuedtoplaguedescendantsofAfricanslaves.
D) continuedtocreatebarrierstosocialadvancementthroughoutLatinAmerica.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:691
Skill:Conceptual
43) WhichofthefollowingbeliefsisNOTassociatedwiththeconceptofmodernizationor
Westernization?
A) Developmentwasamatterofincreasingpercapitaproductioninanysociety.
B) Themoreindustrializedandurbanizedanysocietybecame,themoresocialchangeand
improvementwerepossibleastraditionalpatternsandattitudeswereabandoned.
C) Changewouldtakeplacethroughradicalorrevolutionarytransitionsratherthan
gradually.
D) Astheprocessoccurred,therewouldbeanaturalmovementtowardmoredemocratic
formsofgovernmentandpopularparticipation.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:692
Skill:Conceptual
44) Thedependencytheoryofeconomicdevelopmentisassociatedwithwhatpoliticalgroup?
A) Liberals
B) Marxists
C) Conservatives
D) Monarchists
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:693
Skill:Conceptual
490
45) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribestheeconomyofLatinAmericain
theperiodfrom1880to1920?
A) Thecollapseofworldwidedemandforrawmaterialsledtoastagnationandthena
contractionofeconomiesthroughoutLatinAmerica.
B) LatinAmericaexperiencedaspurtofeconomicgrowthfueledbytheincreasingdemand
forrawmaterials,foodstuffs,andtropicalcrops.
C) Althoughthedemandinindustrializedcountriesforrawmaterialsfelloff,theslumpin
exportswasmorethanovercomebyadramaticsurgeinindustrialproductionand
export.
D) Theperiodwasmarkedbyincreasinggovernmentcontrolofallfacetsofproductionand
increasingtariffsplacedoncommercialexports.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:691
Topic:TheGreatBoom,1880-1920
Skill:Conceptual
46) FollowingJua rezsdeathin1876,whosucceededaspresidentandpoliticalleaderofMexico?

A) AntonioLo pezdeSantaAnna
B) PorfirioDiaz
C) BernardinoRivadavia
D) MaximilianvonHapsburg
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:694
Skill:Factual
47) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningArgentinabetween1880and1920ismost
accurate?
A) Thecentralistgovernmentbecameincreasinglyrepressiveandactuallyreducedthe
numberofeligiblevoters.
B) TheimmigrationofEuropeanlaborersledtoanincreasinglyradicalworkforceandthe
developmentofaSocialistPartybythe1890s.
C) UnlikeotherregionsofLatinAmerica,Argentinaexperiencedaneconomicdepression
thatledtorapidturnoverwithinthegovernmentandpoliticalinstability.
D) RiodeJaneiroheldovertwomillioninhabitants,oraboutaquarterofArgentinastotal
population.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:694-696
Skill:Conceptual
491
48) TheSpanishAmericanWarthatbrokeoutin1898centeredon
A) Mexico.
B) Brazil.
C) Cuba.
D) Haiti.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:697
Skill:Factual
49) In1902whichofthefollowingUnitedStatespossessionswasgrantedindependence?
A) Philippines
B) PuertoRico
C) Hawaii
D) Cuba
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:697
Skill:Factual
50) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheDiazgovernmentinMexicoismost
accurate?
A) UnderDiaz,reformswereundertakenthatfinallybegantoresolvetheinequityofland
distributioninMexico.
B) Laborunrestandpoliticalinstabilitydecreasedsignificantlybythebeginningofthe20th
century.
C) Diazsstronglycentralizedgovernmentactivelydiscouragedforeigninvestmentin
Mexicanminingandtransportation.
D) Undertheguiseofmodernization,theformsofliberalgovernmentweremaintainedbut
weresubvertedinordertokeepDiazinpower.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:694
Skill:Conceptual
492
EssayQuestions
1) IntermsofmodelsofrevolutionavailabletoLatinAmericansintheearly19thcentury,which
exampleswereconsideredacceptable,whichunacceptable,andwhy?
Answer: AmericanRevolution:consideredacceptable,moderaterevolutionbycreoleelite
utilizingEnlightenmentpoliticalprinciples;lackofradicalrevisionofsocialhierarchy.
FrenchRevolution:consideredunacceptable;hadcorrectpoliticalphilosophy,but
includedregicide,removalofaristocraticprivilegeoverpeasantry,andassaulton
Catholicchurch.Haitianrevolution:consideredtotallyunacceptable;carriedoutby
slavesovercolonialmasters;incorporatedradicalrevisionofsocialhierarchy
considereddangerouselsewhereinLatinAmerica.
Diff:2
PageRef:674-677
Skill:Conceptual
2) InwhatwaysweretherevolutionarymovementsinMexico,northernSouthAmerica,and
southernSouthAmericasimilar?
Answer: Ledbycreoleelitesrepresentedbymilitaryleaders;exceptionwasearlyrevolutionin
MexicounderFatherMigueldeHidalgo;generallyexcludedparticipationbyIndians
andmestizos;resultedincreationofconservativerepublicsincorporatingmuchof
colonialsocialhierarchy;allrevolutionsaccomplishedbetween1810and1825.
Diff:2
PageRef:672-677
Skill:Conceptual
3) InwhatwaysweretheLatinAmericaneconomiesofthe19thcenturydependentonthe
industrializednationsofEuropeandNorthAmerica?
Answer: Dependentonindustrializedmarkets;surgeinLatinAmericaneconomiesinlater19th
centurycreatedbydemandforrawmaterials,agriculturalproductsinindustrialized
world;importationofmanufacturedgoodsfromindustrializedworldcausedslow
developmentofindigenousindustries;dependentoncapitalfromindustrializedworld
forinvestment;meantnewtransportationandcommunicationsystems,miningsectors
oftencontrolledbyforeigncorporations.
Diff:2
PageRef:682-688
Skill:Conceptual
493
4) WhataretheexplanationsofferedfortherelativeunderdevelopmentofLatinAmerica?
Whichexplanationseemstobethemostsufficientexplanation?
Answer: Modernizationtheory:developmentbasedonabilitytofollowpatternofWestern
industrialization;socialchangeandimprovementnaturaloccurrencesthataccompany
processofindustrialization;LatinAmericafailedtoindustrialize,thusfailedtoemulate
developmentofWestsuccessfully.Dependencytheory:developmentofindustrialized
nationsaccomplishedatcostofLatinAmericanunderdevelopment;industrialnations
drewrawmaterials,labor,profitsfromdependenteconomies;industrialnations
accumulatedcapital;economyofdependentnationsdeterminedbyexternalforces.
Diff:2
PageRef:692-693
Skill:Conceptual
5) DiscusstherelationshipoftheUnitedStateswithLatinAmericauntil1910.
Answer: FirstinterventioninMexicanAmericanWar(1846-1848);militarydefeatofMexicoled
toTreatyofGuadalupe-Hidalgo;Mexicolostnearlyhalfofitsterritorialpossessionsto
U.S.;following1870,U.S.begantocompetewithBritainforcapitalinvestmentinLatin
America,particularlyMexico;underDiaz,U.S.investmentwasactivelysought;second
militaryinterventioninSpanishAmericanWar(1898 -1902)allowedU.S.toannex
PuertoRico,PhilippinesfromSpain,gaindiplomaticcontroloverCuba;ledtodirect
U.S.interventioninCaribbean;PanamaCanalallowedentryintoCentralAmerica.
Diff:2
PageRef:696-698
Skill:Conceptual
494
Chapter31 CivilizationsinCrisis:TheOttomanEmpire,
TheIslamicHeartlands,andQingChina
1) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaweaknessassociatedwiththeOttomanEmpireinthe18th
century?
A) Weakrulers
B) Competitionwithinfactionsoftheelite
C) ConversionofmuchofthepopulationtoChristianity
D) DeterioratingconditionsforartisansasaresultofcompetitionwiththeWest
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:703
Topic:FromEmpiretoNation
Skill:Conceptual
2) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheMuslimeconomyatthebeginningofthe
18thcenturyismostaccurate?
A) TheMuslimeconomyremaineddependentonArabmerchantswhotraded
predominantlywithAfrica.
B) ByholdingtheEuropeansatbay,theMuslimswereabletocapitalizeanindigenous
industrybasedontheproductionofcottontextiles.
C) TheprosperityoftheindustrialbaseoftheMuslimempiresledtoaclosealliance
betweentheartisansandthegovernment.
D) Merchantswithintheempire,especiallythosewhowereJewsorChristians,grewmore
dependentoncommercialdealingswithEuropeancounterparts,acceleratingtheinflux
ofWesterngoods.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:703
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhichofthefollowingEuropeanpowersseizedterritoriesoftheOttomanEmpireintheearly
decadesofthe18thcentury?
A) Austria-Hungary
B) Britain
C) France
D) Italy
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:703
Skill:Factual
495
4) Inthelater1700swhatpowerbecamethemainthreattotheOttomanssurvival?
A) Britain
B) Austria-Hungary
C) France
D) Russia
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:703
Skill:Factual
5) ThefirstregiontosuccessfullyrebelandachieveindependencefromtheOttomanEmpirewas
A) theCrimea.
B) Greece.
C) Serbia.
D) Palestine.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:703
Skill:Factual
6) Bythe1870s,theOttomanEmpire
A) hadrecoveredmostoftheirterritoriallossestoEuropeanpowers.
B) hadceasedtoruleanyportionofAsiaMinor.
C) hadbeendrivenfromvirtuallyalloftheBalkans.
D) haddriventheRussianarmiesbacktothesteppes.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:703
Skill:Conceptual
7) WhatEuropeannationsupportedtheOttomanEmpireinordertopreventotherEuropean
powersfromgainingaccesstotheMediterranean?
A) Britain
B) France
C) Russia
D) Austria-Hungary
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:703
Skill:Factual
496
8) WhatwastheresultofthereformsofSultanSelimIII(1789-1807)?
A) Western-styleeducationwasintroducedthroughouttheempire
B) TheJanissarycorpswaseliminatedasapoliticalandmilitaryforce
C) ThesultanwastoppledfromthethronebyaJanissaryrevolt
D) Railwayswereconstructed,connectingtheempirewithEurope
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:704
Skill:Conceptual
9) WhatOttomansultansuccessfullyeliminatedtheJanissarycorpsasamilitaryandpolitical
influence?
A) SelimIII
B) MahmudII
C) AbdulHamid
D) SelimII
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:704
Skill:Factual
10) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthereformsofMahmudIIismostaccurate?
A) MahmudpatternedhisreformprogramonWesternprecedents,includingthecreationof
adiplomaticcorps.
B) Despitesubtlemilitaryandadministrativereforms,Mahmudwasunabletoshakeoffthe
influenceoftheJanissaries.
C) Mahmud,withtheconsentoftheulama andtheayan returnedtoatraditionalIslamic
formofgovernment.
D) Mahmudsprogramofreformwasactuallylessambitiousthanthatofhispredecessor,
SelimIII.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:704
Skill:Conceptual
497
11) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTpartoftheTanzimatreformsintheOttomanEmpire?
A) TheintroductionofWestern-styleeducationintheuniversities
B) Theadditionofstate-runpostalandtelegraphsystems
C) ThecreationofaconstitutionbasedonEuropeanprototypes
D) Theeliminationofreligiousprotectionforminorityreligiousgroups
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:704
Skill:Conceptual
12) InwhatyearwastherevisedconstitutionintroducedaspartoftheTanzimatreforms?
A) 1839
B) 1848
C) 1876
D) 1898
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:704
Skill:Factual
13) WhatgroupwithintheOttomanEmpireactuallysufferedasaresultoftheTanzimatreforms?
A) Ayan
B) Ulama
C) Artisans
D) Merchants
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:704
Skill:Factual
498
14) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheimprovementofwomensstatusasaresult
oftheTanzimatreformsismostaccurate?
A) TheinclusionofreformsforwomenwasnotevenconsideredinOttomansocietyduring
theperiodoftheTanzimatreforms.
B) Despitewidespreaddiscussionofthepracticesofseclusion,polygamy,andveiling,few
improvementsinwomenssocialstatuswerewoninthe19thcentury.
C) Whilenotallwomenbenefitted,elitewomenwerefreedfromtherestrictiveaspectsof
MuslimsocietyduringtheperiodoftheTanzimatreforms.
D) Muslimrestrictionsagainstthesocialequalityofwomenweresweptawayaspartofthe
Tanzimatreforms.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:705
Skill:Conceptual
15) WhatOttomansultanattemptedtorollbacktheTanzimatreformsandreinstituteanabsolute
monarchyin1878?
A) SelimIII
B) MahmudII
C) YazidII
D) AbdulHamid
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:705
Skill:Factual
16) InwhichofthefollowingareasdidSultanAbdulHamidcontinuetopressforincreased
Westernization?
A) Freedomofthepress
B) Constitutionalreform
C) MilitaryreformandtheintroductionofWesterntechnology
D) Civilliberties
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:705
Skill:Conceptual
499
17) WhichofthefollowinggroupswasresponsiblefortheoverthrowoftheOttomansultanatein
1908?
A) BlackSeptember
B) TheOttomanSocietyforUnionandProgress
C) TheYoungArabs
D) TheMamluks
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:705
Skill:Factual
18) WhichofthefollowingreformsresultedfromthecoupintheOttomanEmpireof1908?
A) Thesultanatewasabolished
B) Theconstitutionof1876wasrestored
C) TheJanissarieswereremovedasapoliticalandmilitaryforce
D) RestrictionsagainstwomeninMuslimsocietywereremoved
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:705
Skill:Conceptual
19) WithwhatEuropeanpowerdidtheOttomanscontestthecontrolofLibyajustpriortoWorld
WarI?
A) Britain
B) Germany
C) Austria-Hungary
D) Italy
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:706
Skill:Factual
500
20) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtherelationshipsbetweentheYoungTurksand
theArabsoftheOttomanEmpireafterthe1908coupismostaccurate?
A) TheYoungTurksharboredresentmentagainsttheArabsoftheempireforfailingto
supportthe1908coup.
B) Arabsupportofthe1908coupwanedwhentheydiscoveredthattheYoungTurkshad
nointentionsofabandoningtheconceptofempire.
C) The1908coupresultedintheimmediateindependenceoftheArabportionsofthe
OttomanEmpire.
D) TheclosealliancebetweentheYoungTurksandtheArableadersoftheOttomanEmpire
continuedafterthe1908coup.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:706
Skill:Conceptual
21) WhatnationsinvasionofEgyptin1798signalledthebeginningofEuropeanpenetrationof
theIslamicheartland?
A) France
B) Britain
C) Russia
D) Austria-Hungary
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:708
Topic:WesternIntrusionsandtheCrisisintheArabIslamicHeartlands
Skill:Factual
22) WhatIslamicgroupruledEgyptin1798?
A) TheFatimids
B) TheUmayyads
C) TheMamluks
D) TheAlmoravids
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:708
Skill:Factual
501
23) By1801whatrulerhadsucceededinestablishinghisdominanceoverEgypt?
A) Murad,commanderoftheMamluks
B) Napoleon,Frenchemperor
C) MuhammadAli,anAlbanianofficerintheOttomanarmy
D) Nurhaci,Almoravidmilitarycommander
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:709
Skill:Factual
24) WhichofthefollowingreformswasNOTintroducedinEgyptafter1801?
A) TherestorationoftheMamlukarmies
B) TheintroductionofWestern-stylemilitaryconscription
C) ThehiringofFrenchmilitaryadvisors
D) TheimportationofWesternarms
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:709
Skill:Conceptual
25) WhatpreventedMuhammadAlifromoverthrowingtheOttomanEmpire?
A) Hisfailuretodevelopamodernarmy
B) Thelackofanavy
C) HisdefeatbytheOttomansatOmdurman
D) TheoppositionofEuropeanpowers
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:709
Skill:Conceptual
26) WhichofthefollowingreformsundertakenbyMuhammadAlifailed?
A) TheproductionofrawmaterialsindemandinEurope(cotton,hemp,indigo)
B) ImprovementsofEgyptianharborsandirrigationworksalongtheNile
C) Thebuild-upofanEgyptianindustrialsector
D) Modernizationofthearmy
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:709
Skill:Conceptual
502
27) MuhammadAlissuccessorsasrulersofEgyptwerereferredtoas
A) sultans.
B) khedives.
C) caliphs.
D) kings.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:709
Skill:Factual
28) EuropeanfinancierslentmoneytotheprofligatesuccessorsofMuhammadAlibecausethey
desiredaccesstoEgyptscheapcottonand,bythe1850s,ashareinthe
A) OrientExpress.
B) CairoRailway.
C) SuezCanal.
D) PanamaCanal.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:709
Skill:Factual
29) WhichofthefollowingwasanIslamicmoderatein19th-century-Egyptwhourgedthe
adoptionofWesternscientificknowledgeandtechnology?
A) al-Afghani
B) IbnSina
C) IbnRochd
D) al-Mansur
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:710
Skill:Factual
503
30) ThekhedivalgovernmentofEgyptwasthreatenedin1882byarebellionofEgyptianmilitary
officersunder
A) MuhammadAli.
B) AhmadOrabi.
C) MuhammadAchmad.
D) KhalifaAbdallahi.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:711
Skill:Factual
31) WhatwastheresultoftherebellionbyEgyptianarmyofficersin1882?
A) ThekhedivalgovernmentwasoverthrownbyanindigenousEgyptiangovernment.
B) AnewconstitutionwasinstitutedmodeledontheOttomanconstitutionof1876.
C) TherebellionwascrushedbytheTurkishelementswithintheEgyptianarmy.
D) ThekhedivecalledontheBritishtocrushtherebellionresultinginBritishoverlordship
ofEgypt.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:711
Skill:Conceptual
32) WhatwasthecenterofEgyptianadministrationintheSudan?
A) Omdurman
B) Cairo
C) Aboukir
D) Khartoum
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:711
Skill:Factual
504
33) OnwhatbasisdidMuhammadAchmadclaimleadershipoftheSudanicresistanceto
Egyptianrule?
A) HeclaimeddirectdescentfromMuhammad
B) HeclaimedtobeadirectdescendantofthekingsofGhana
C) HewastheheadoftheSunniulama intheSudan
D) HeclaimedtobeadirectdescendantofMurad,thelastruleroftheMamluks
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:711
Skill:Conceptual
34) ThesuccessortotheMahdi,KhalifaAbdallahi,
A) relievedtherestrictivesocialregulationsimposedbytheMahdi.
B) immediatelylostthemilitaryadvantagegainedbytheMahdi.
C) fellintheMahdistdefeatatthebattleofOmdurmanin1898.
D) overthrewtheOttomansultanandcapturedIstanbul.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:714
Skill:Conceptual
35) WhowasresponsiblefortheunificationoftheManchutribesmenpriortotheinvasionof
Chinainthe17thcentury?
A) LinZexu
B) Nurhaci
C) Cixi
D) HongLiaquan
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:714
Topic:TheLastDynasty:TheRiseandFalloftheQingEmpireinChina
Skill:Factual
36) ThedynasticnametakenbytheManchudynastywas
A) Song.
B) Tang.
C) Qing.
D) Chou.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:714
Skill:Factual
505
37) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheManchugovernmentismostaccurate?
A) Theydestroyedthescholar-gentryinordertoconsolidatetheirgriponthegovernment.
B) Thecivilserviceexaminationsystemwaseliminatedasameansofenteringthe
government.
C) ThoughManchusoccupiedadisproportionatenumberofthehighestpoliticalpositions,
therewerefewlimitsonChinesepromotionswithintheimperialbureaucracy.
D) Chineseofficialswereeliminatedatthelocaladministrativelevelsinordertopreventthe
extremeregionalizationthathadledtothedownfallofpreviousdynasties.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:714
Skill:Conceptual
38) InwhatareadidtheManchusattempttotakestrongmeasuresofreform?
A) Eliminationofthescholar-gentry
B) Removalofsocialrestrictionsonwomen
C) OverturningtheConfuciansocialhierarchyofageandsex
D) Alleviatingruraldistressandunrest
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:715
Skill:Conceptual
39) WhataccountsforthegeneralfailureofManchuattemptsatreform?
A) Resistanceonthepartofthepeasantry
B) Enormouspopulationgrowthandthedisappearanceofopenlands
C) Buddhistresistance
D) LossofterritorytonomadsfromtheAsiansteppes
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:716
Skill:Conceptual
506
40) ThenewgroupsofmerchantsthatdevelopedinChinaunderthemorerelaxedcommercial
systemoftheManchuswerecalled
A) waiqin.
B) pescadors.
C) compradors.
D) Boxers.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:715
Skill:Factual
41) AllofthefollowingsignsofdynasticdeclinewereapparentintheQingregimebythe
beginningofthe19thcenturyEXCEPT
A) corruptionoftheexaminationsystem.
B) diversionofrevenuefromstateprojectstoprivatefortunes.
C) failureofforeigncommerce.
D) foodshortages,massmigrations,andbanditry.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:716
Skill:Conceptual
42) UnhappyabouttheunfavorabletermsoftradeinChina,Britishmerchantshitonapossible
solutiontoreversetheflowofbullionintheformof
A) cottontextiles.
B) opiumfromIndia.
C) teas.
D) industrialmachinery.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:717
Skill:Factual
507
43) WhatwastheimpactoftheBritishopiumtradeonChina?
A) ItsusewasrestrictedtothepeasantryofnorthernChina,whereproductionoffood
rapidlydecreased.
B) Thegovernmentwasquicklyabletohalttheimportationofopium,sothatitdidnot
havethedisastrousimpactontheChinesepopulationthatwasexpected.
C) WithinyearsChinasfavorablebalanceoftradewasreversedandsilverbegantoflow
outofthecountry.
D) Duetotheaddictionoftheimperialcourt,theBritishwerewelcomedasavaluabletrade
partnerofChina.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:717
Skill:Conceptual
44) TheChineseofficialchargedwitheliminatingtheopiumtradeinthe1830swas
A) Cixi.
B) LinZexu.
C) HongLiuquan.
D) Kanxi.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:718
Skill:Factual
45) WhatwastheoutcomeoftheOpiumWar?
A) Despitetechnologicaladvantages,theBritishforceswereoverwhelmedbytheChinese
numericalsuperiorityandwereunabletopenetrateChinasisolation.
B) TheBritishsoonswepttheseasofopposition,butwerepreventedfromenteringChina
byoppositionfromotherEuropeanpowerswhofearedBritainsoverthrowofthe
Manchus.
C) TheBritishvictorywassooverwhelmingthattheManchudynastywasoverthrownby
1850andreplacedbyarepublic.
D) BritishvictoryintheOpiumWarallowedEuropeanpowerstoforceChinatoopentrade
anddiplomaticexchanges.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:718
Skill:Conceptual
508
46) Thesemi-ChristianrebellionthatbrokeoutinsouthernChinainthe1850sandearly1860s
wasthe
A) Boxerrebellion.
B) Kwangxirebellion.
C) Taipingrebellion.
D) Shandongrebellion.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:718
Skill:Factual
47) WhatwasthepoliticalandsocialpositionoftheManchurulersattheendofthe19thcentury?
A) TheManchurulersstubbornlyresistedthefar-reachingreformsthatweretheonlyhope
ofsavingtheregimeandChinesecivilization.
B) ThelastdecadesofthedynastyweredominatedbyCixi,awomanwhoproposedradical
reformsofthesocialorder.
C) TheChinesescholar-gentryandtheprovincialelitealliedwiththeemperorstointroduce
significantreformoflandholdingpracticesandregionaladministration.
D) ThedynastywholeheartedlyembracedtheongoingWesternizationoftheChinese
governmentandeconomy.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:719
Skill:Conceptual
48) InwhatyearwasthelastemperorofChinadeposedinfavorofarepublicanformof
government?
A) 1895
B) 1901
C) 1908
D) 1912
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:720
Skill:Factual
509
EssayQuestions
1) HowdidtheemergenceoftheindustrializedWestaffectthepatternforthedeclineof
civilizations?
Answer: PriortoindustrializedWest,civilizationsdeclinedinforseeablepatterns(seeChapter
11);generallyinternaldeclineassociatedwithweakrulers,fragmentationofauthority,
economicdisorder,socialdisruption;externalthreattocivilizationsnormallymounted
bynomadicpeoples;civilizationshadlittleornoimpactonthedeclineofother
civilizations;afterriseofWest,EuropeandlaterNorthAmericabecamemajorfactorin
declineofcivilizations;advancedtechnologyledtodestructionofAztec,Inca,African,
Islamic,andChinesecivilizations.
Diff:2
PageRef:706-707
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) HowdidtheexperienceoftheQingdynastyinChinaandtheOttomanEmpiredifferbetween
1700and1900?
Answer: Infirstcenturyandahalf,ManchusreformedChina,appearedtorestoretraditional
Chinesecivilization;OttomanssufferedterritoriallossestoEuropeans,continued
internalweaknessesduetoJanissaries,inabilitytocontrollocalelites,economic
competitionwithWest;by19thcentury,Qingdynastyinturmoilasreformsfailed,new
militarychallengesmountedbyWest,hugepopulationgrowthdestroyedabilityto
sustaintraditionalsocialorganization;OttomanEmpirerevivedafterseriesofreforms
patternedonWest.
Diff:2
PageRef:700-707714-722
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) CompareandcontrasttheconditionsleadingtotheoverthrowoftheOttomanEmpirein1908
andtheQingdynastyin1912.
Answer: OttomanEmpire:AbdulHamidattemptedtoundoreforms,returntoabsolutism;
overthrownbyWesternizedandeducatedgroupofyoungermenseekingretentionof
reformscalledtheYoungTurks.Qingdynasty:alsooverthrownbyyoungermenwith
Westerncontacts(compradors)seekingreforms;emperorscontinued,asinOttoman
Empire,toberegressiveforce;factorofdirectforeigninterventioninChinanotpresent
inOttomanEmpire.
Diff:2
PageRef:700-707714-722
Skill:Conceptual
510
4) CompareandcontrasttheBritishinterventioninEgyptwiththeirinterventioninChina.
Answer: Egypt:Britishinvestorshadinterestsinsupplyofrawmaterials,alsoinSuezCanal;
calledongovernmenttointervenetoprotectinvestmentsinKhedivalgovernment;
KhediveactuallycalledonBritishforcestodefendagainstrevoltofAchmadOrabi.
China:BritishinvestmentsinformofopiumtradefromIndia;merchantscalledon
governmenttoprotectlucrativetradedespiteattemptsofChinesegovernmenttohalt
drugtraffic;interventionresultedinforcibleentryofEnglishdiplomats,openingof
ChineseportstoEuropeantrade.
Diff:2
PageRef:706-714716-721
Skill:Conceptual
5) ContrastthereactionsoftheIslamicheartlandsandChinatothechallengeoftheWest.
Answer: Chinesecivilizationmorefundamentallythreatened,indeeddestroyedbyadventof
West;Muslimshadlong-termfamiliaritywithWest,militaryconfrontationsdating
backtoMiddleAges,similarJudaeo-Christianreligiousbackground,similar
backgroundinclassicalrationalismreceivedfromGreekphilosophy;Chinaremained
isolatedtotallyfromWesternthoughtandculture;Islamretainedreligiousfocusafter
politicaldefeat;ChineseConfucianismpassedwithpoliticaldefeat,lossofcultural
center;Muslimshadmanypoliticalcenters;ChinahadonlyQingdynasty.
Diff:2
PageRef:721-722
Topic:Conclusion:IslamicandChineseResponsestotheChallengeoftheWest
Skill:Conceptual
511
Chapter32 RussiaandJapan:IndustrializationOutside
theWest
1) OfthefollowingregionsdefiedthecommonpatternofgrowingWesterndominationinthe
19thcentury?
A) RussiaandJapan
B) TheOttomanEmpire
C) TheCarribbean
D) WestAfrica
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:726
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthedevelopmentofRussiaandJapanto1900is
NOTaccurate?
A) NeitherRussianorJapanrivaledtheindustrialmightoftheWestby1900.
B) Bothnationsgainedsufficientpowertowieldimportantpoliticalandmilitaryinfluence
inthecolonialscramble.
C) RussiaandJapandidlaunchsignificantindustrializationby1914.
D) BothRussiaandJapanachievedbotheconomicautonomyandashareintheWestscore
position.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:726
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhichofthefollowingrepresentsasignificantdifferencebetweenRussiaandJapan?
A) OnlyJapanhadasignificantaristocracypriortoindustrialization.
B) OnlyRussiaparticipatedinterritorialexpansionby1914.
C) RussiaengagedinselectiveborrowingfromWesternmodelsby1700.
D) OnlyJapanunderwentsignificantpoliticalrevolutionpriorto1914.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:724-742
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
512
4) WhichofthefollowingreflectsasignificantsimilaritybetweenJapanandRussiaduringthe
periodofindustrializationpriorto1914?
A) Bothexperiencedsignificantpoliticalrevolutions.
B) BothJapanandRussiahadpriorexperienceofimitation:JapanfromChinaandRussia
fromByzantiumandtheWest.
C) Bothdemonstratedremarkablepoliticalflexibilityresultinginsweepingtransformations
ofpoliticalstructure.
D) BothengagedinterritorialacquisitionsintheOttomanEmpire.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:726
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
5) RussiasfearaboutWesternizationinthefirstdecadesofthe19thcenturywasrootedin
A) concernaboutBritishinvasion.
B) theFrenchRevolution.
C) dislikeofWesterndress.
D) worryoverlossofPoland.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:727
Topic:RussiasReformsandIndustrialAdvance
Skill:Factual
6) WhatnationswerelinkedtogetherintheHolyAlliancethatgroupedconservativemonarchies
togetherindefenseofreligionandthestatusquoin1815?
A) Britain,France,Spain
B) Spain,Russia,Poland
C) Russia,Prussia,Austria
D) Austria,Japan,Russia
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:727
Skill:Factual
513
7) WhatwasthenameoftheRussianrevoltinspiredbyWesternvaluesin1825?
A) TheDecembristring
B) TheNovemberrebellion
C) Pushkinsrevolt
D) Pugachevrebellion
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:727
Skill:Factual
8) WhichofthefollowingpartlyaccountsforRussiaslackofsignificantrevolutionin1830and
1848?
A) Russialackedasubstantialhistoryofautocracy
B) TheabsenceofacoercivelaborsysteminRussialeftscantcauseforrebellion
C) Politicalrepression
D) LikeEngland,Russiashistoryofparticipatorygovernmentanditsnationalparliament
forestalledrevolution
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:727
Skill:Conceptual
9) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningRussianterritorialexpansionismostaccurate?
A) RussiaslossofPolandintherevoltof1830stimulatedotherattemptsatterritorial
expansion.
B) RussiaactivelyopposednationalistmovementsintheBalkansinkeepingwiththeir
conservativetradition.
C) WesternpowersactivelyaidedRussiaspursuitofterritoriesintheOttomanEmpire.
D) Nomassiveacquisitionsmarkedtheearly19thcentury,butRussiacontinuedtobean
aggressivecompetitorforterritorialexpansion.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:728
Skill:Conceptual
514
10) WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheRussianeconomyatthebeginningofthe
19thcentury?
A) Russiahadachievedeconomicautonomyinthe18thcentury,althoughmostofeastern
Europeremainedlargelyagricultural.
B) TheRussianeconomywasgeographicallyorientedtotheOttomanEmpire ,afeatureof
theMongoldominationofRussiauntilthe15thcentury.
C) RussiaseconomicdynamismandinnovationrivaledtheWest.
D) Inreturnforlow-costgrainexports,RussiaandotherEastEuropeanareasimported
Westernluxurygoodsforthegreataristocratstodisplayasbadgesofrespectability.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:729
Skill:Conceptual
11) Whatwarinthemid-19thcenturydemonstratedRussiaswideninggapwiththeWest?
A) TheRusso-JapaneseWar
B) NapoleonsinvasionofRussia
C) TheCrimeanWar
D) TheSepoyrebellion
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:729
Skill:Factual
12) WhataccountedfortheWestsvictoryoverRussiaintheCrimeanWar?
A) ThewarwasfoughtfarfromRussia,necessitatinglengthylinesofcommunicationand
supply.
B) Russiawasforcedtofightanoffensivewaragainstentrenchedpositions.
C) ThewarwasfoughtalmostentirelyatseawheretheRussianswereunabletobringtheir
numericalsuperioritytobear.
D) TheWesternnationswonnotbecauseofsuperiortacticsorinspiredprinciples,but
becauseofindustrialadvantages.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:729
Skill:Conceptual
515
13) Whattsarbegantheprocessofreforminthe19thcentury?
A) AlexanderI
B) AlexanderII
C) NicholasI
D) PetertheGreat
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:729
Skill:Factual
14) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaconsiderationinthereformofserfdom?
A) Itwasthepurposeofthetsartosweepawaythetightlyknitpeasantcommunitieson
whichserfdomdepended
B) Thedevelopmentofavigorousandmobilelaborforce
C) AdesiretomeetWesternhumanitarianstandards
D) Periodicpeasantuprisingsfocusedonlackoffreedom,undueobligations,andlackof
land
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:729
Skill:Conceptual
15) InwhatyearwereRussianserfsemancipated?
A) 1831
B) 1854
C) 1861
D) 1868
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:729
Skill:Factual
516
16) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheemancipationoftheserfsinRussiaismost
accurate?
A) TheemancipationoftheserfsdestroyedtheRussianaristocracy.
B) Emancipationoftheserfsloosenedthegripofthetsariststate.
C) Inadditiontopersonalfreedom,theserfsweregrantedparcelsoflandsubjectto
redemptionpayments.
D) Followingemancipation,peasantswerefreetomoveaboutRussiaastheypleased
leadingtomassivemovementsofagriculturallabor.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:729
Skill:Conceptual
17) AllofthefollowingwerereformsintroducedinRussiainthe1860sand1870sEXCEPT
A) thecreationoftheDuma,anationalparliament.
B) thecreationoflocalpoliticalcouncils,thezemstvoes.
C) theissuanceofnewlawcodesthatcutbacktraditionalpunishments.
D) reorganizationofthemilitary.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:730
Skill:Conceptual
18) WhatwasthefirststeptowardindustrializationinRussia?
A) Theconstructionoffactories
B) Thedevelopmentoftheminingsector
C) Thecreationofanextensivesystemofrailways
D) TheendofthegraintradewiththeWest
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:730
Skill:Conceptual
517
19) TheRussianministeroffinancefrom1892to1903responsibleformucheconomic
modernizationwas
A) Stolypin.
B) CountSergeiWitte.
C) KlemenzvonMetternich.
D) GregorMendel.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:732
Skill:Factual
20) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthecapitalizationofRussianindustryismost
accurate?
A) CapitalforRussianinvestmentwasalmostentirelyderivedfromliquidationof
agriculturalestatesinRussia.
B) By1900approximatelyhalfofRussianindustrywasforeign-ownedbyBritish,German,
andFrenchindustrialists.
C) ItwasthecontactwiththeJapanesethatledtoaninfluxofcapitalforRussian
industrialization.
D) Russianindustrywascapitalizedbyasubstantialmiddleclassthathadbuiltupwealth
inthegraintradewiththeWest.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:732
Skill:Conceptual
21) By1900,howsuccessfulwastheRussianindustrializationprogram?
A) Despitemassiveprogramsofforcedlaborandextensivegovernmentsubsidies,the
Russianprogramofindustrializationfailed.
B) Russianindustrializationprogressedslowlyandby1900hadreachedtenthintheworld
intermsofsteelproduction.
C) By1900,Russiahadsurgedtofourthrankintheworldinsteelproductionandwas
secondtotheUnitedStatesinthenewerareaofpetroleumproduction.
D) Withoutaccesstoplentifulrawmaterials,Russiawasdependentonconstantterritorial
acquisitionstofuelitslaggingindustrialprogram.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:732
Skill:Conceptual
518
22) WhichofthefollowingwaspresentduringtheRussianprogramofindustrialization?
A) AttitudinalchangeamongworkerssimilartotheWest
B) Alargemiddleclass
C) Richnaturalresources
D) Small,butefficient,factories
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:732
Skill:Conceptual
23) AllofthefollowingwerepartoftherisingtideofunrestinRussiaduringthesecondhalfof
the19thcenturyEXCEPT
A) theOrthodoxchurch.
B) ethnicminorities.
C) peasants.
D) theintelligentsia.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:732-733
Topic:ProtestandRevolutioninRussia
Skill:Conceptual
24) WhatwasthegeneralgoaloftheRussianintelligentsia?
A) Politicalfreedom,socialreform,andretentionofRussianculture
B) Politicalfreedom,retentionofthesocialhierarchy,andincreasedWesternization
C) Restrictionofcivilliberties,honoranddeferencetotheemperor,retentionofRussian
culture
D) RadicalWesternizationaspartofaprogramofincreasedindustrialization
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:732
Skill:Conceptual
25) Russianradicalswhosoughttheabolitionofallformalgovernmentwerecalled
A) Decembrists.
B) Latitudinarians.
C) abolitionists.
D) anarchists.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:733
Skill:Factual
519
26) Whatwasthechiefpoliticalmethodusedbytheanarchiststoachievereform?
A) Strikes
B) Terrorism
C) Politicalrallies
D) Voterregistration
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:733
Skill:Factual
27) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutRussianMarxismismostaccurate?
A) Marxistinsistenceoncarefulrevolutionaryorganizationandafocusontheworkingclass
wasrapidlyassimilatedbyanarchistsandpeasantgroups.
B) MarxistdoctrineswerenotimportedfromtheWest,butoriginatedamongtheRussian
intelligentsia.
C) LeninintroducedimportantinnovationsinMarxisttheory,includingtheideathata
proletarianrevolutioncouldtakeplacewithoutgoingthroughamiddle-classphase.
D) LeninwasdedicatedtothemasselectioneeringtypicalofWesternsocialistparties.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:733
Skill:Conceptual
28) LeninsapproachwasadoptedbythegroupsofRussianMarxistsknownas
A) Mensheviks.
B) anarchists.
C) Decembrists.
D) Bolsheviks.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:733
Skill:Factual
520
29) WhichofthefollowingdidNOTcontributetoworking-classradicalisminlate19th-century
Russia?
A) Theabsenceoflegalpoliticaloutlets
B) Severeconditionsofearlyindustrialization
C) Ruralunrestandadoptionofpeasantgrievances
D) Absenceofunions
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:733
Skill:Conceptual
30) FailureinwhatwarledtotheRussianrevolutionof1905?
A) Crimean
B) Sino-Japanese
C) Russo-Japanese
D) WorldWarI
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:734
Skill:Factual
31) Whatgroupdidtheimperialgovernmentappealtointhereformsfollowingtherevolutionof
1905?
A) Liberals
B) Workersorganizations
C) Marxists
D) Anarchists
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:734
Skill:Conceptual
521
32) Whatministerwasresponsibleforenactingreformsforthepeasantryfollowingtherevolution
of1905?
A) CountWitte
B) GrigoriRasputin
C) AlexiRomanov
D) Stolypin
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:734
Skill:Factual
33) TheDumawas
A) theconfrontationbetweenradialworkersandthetsaristarmyin1905.
B) asystemofcollectivefarmsforpeasantsintroducedafter1905.
C) anationalparliamentcreatedintheaftermathofthe1905revolution.
D) theimperialcouncilthattookovergovernmentaftertheabdicationofthetsarin1905.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:734
Skill:Factual
34) Peasantswhorespondedtothereformsof1905byengaginginentrepreneurialactivity
includingincreasingproductionandbuyinguplandwerecalled
A) Duma.
B) kulaks.
C) anarchists.
D) Bakunin.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:734
Skill:Factual
522
35) WhichofthefollowingRussiandevelopmentswasNOTadoptedinothereastEuropean
states?
A) Nationalparliaments
B) Emancipationofserfs
C) EconomicautonomyfromtheWest
D) Monarchicformsofgovernment
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:735
Skill:Conceptual
36) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTa19th-centuryRussiannovelist?
A) Turgenev
B) Pavlov
C) Tolstoy
D) Dostoevsky
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:735
Skill:Factual
37) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheTokugawaShogunateinthe19thcenturyis
mostaccurate?
A) TheShogunatebureaucracyhadbeenopenedtotalentedcommoners ,areformthat
improvedthestandingofthegovernmentwiththemassesoftheJapanesepeople.
B) Bythe19thcentury,theTokugawawereabletodispensewiththefeudalorganizationof
earlierJapan.
C) IncreasinglytheShogunatedependedonitslong-standingallianceswithWestern
powerstomaintainitsdominance.
D) TheShogunatecontinuedtocombineacentralbureaucracywithsemi-feudalalliances
withregionaldaimyosandthesamurai.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:735
Topic:Japan:TransformationWithoutRevolution
Skill:Conceptual
523
38) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningTokugawaintellectualandculturallifeismost
accurate?
A) JapaneseliteraturereacheditszenithduringthelastdecadesoftheTokugawa
Shogunate.
B) ConfucianismrapidlylostgroundtoBuddhismasthemajorreligiousandethicalbasis
forJapanesesociety.
C) JapancontinuedtobelargelyimitativeofconservativeChineseintellectualcurrents
ratherthandevelopingdynamicethicalandphilosophicalsystems.
D) LiteracyinJapanreachedlevelshigherthananywhereelseoutsidetheWest.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:735
Skill:Conceptual
39) WhichofthefollowinggroupsinTokugawaJapanadvocatedinterestinWesternscientific
advance?
A) DutchStudiesgroup
B) Nationalstudiesgroup
C) Confucianscholars
D) Buddhistscholars
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:736-737
Skill:Factual
40) WhowasresponsiblefortheforcedopeningofJapanin1853?
A) CaptainJamesCook
B) CommodoreMatthewPerry
C) AdmiralHoratioNelson
D) CaptainWilliamFarragut
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:736
Skill:Factual
524
41) Inwhatyearwasanewemperor,MutsuhitobutcommonlycalledMeijiorEnlightened
One,proclaimed,signalingtheendofamajorpoliticalcrisis?
A) 1854
B) 1868
C) 1875
D) 1889
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:736
Skill:Factual
42) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTanadvantageofJapanoverChinainthecompetitionto
assumeleadershipandtoestablishindustrializationinAsia?
A) JapansleadershipwaslesssecularandbureaucraticthanthatofChina.
B) Japanalreadyknewthebenefitsofimitation,whichChinahadneveracknowledged.
C) Japanhadallowedamoreautonomousmerchanttradition.
D) Feudaltraditionslimitedtheheavyhandofgovernmentcontrolswhilestimulatinga
senseofcompetitiveness.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:737
Skill:Conceptual
43) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningJapanesepoliticalreformsintheperiodofthe
MeijistateisNOTaccurate?
A) Meijileadersestablishedanewconservativenobility,stockedwithformernoblesand
MeijileadersthatoperatedaBritish-styleHouseofPeers.
B) Samurai,destroyedbytheremovalofgovernmentstipends,werebannedfrom
participationintheMeijiDiet.
C) Theconstitutionissuedin1889assuredmajorprerogativesfortheemperoralongwith
limitedpowersforthelowerhouseoftheDiet.
D) Thebureaucracywasreorganized,insulatedfrompoliticalpressures,andopenedto
talentonthebasisofcivilserviceexaminations.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:738
Skill:Conceptual
525
44) WhatwastheprimarydifferencebetweenthereformedJapanesegovernmentandreformed
Russianinstitutionsby1914?
A) Japanretainedanemperorattheheadofgovernment.
B) Japancreatedanationalparliament.
C) Japansgovernmentwaselectedbyabroadmajorityofthepopulation.
D) Japansgovernmenthadincorporatedbusinessleadersintoitsgoverningstructure.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:738
Skill:Conceptual
45) OneofthemajorsimilaritiesbetweenJapaneseandRussianindustrializationwasthefactthat
A) bothlackednaturalresources.
B) scarcecapitalandunfamiliarityofnewtechnologycompelledstatedirection.
C) neitherwasabletocompleteconstructionofarailwaysystem.
D) neitherhadanyexperienceofculturalexchangewiththeWest.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:739
Skill:Conceptual
46) HugeindustrialcombinesputtogetherinJapanbythe1890swerecalled
A) haiku.
B) terakoya.
C) zaibatsus.
D) khitan.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:739
Skill:Factual
526
47) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningJapaneseindustrializationpriortoWorldWarI
iscorrect?
A) Japansworkforcewasamongthehighestpaidintheworld.
B) AbundantnaturalresourcesmadeJapanvirtuallyself-sufficientasanindustrialized
nation.
C) By1914,JapanhadreachedthelevelofindustrializationfoundintheWest.
D) Japanneededexportstopayformachineandresourceimports.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:739
Skill:Conceptual
48) WhichofthefollowingWesternculturalcharacteristicswasNOTadoptedbylargenumbersof
Japanese?
A) Hairstyles
B) Standardsofhygiene
C) Westerncalendar
D) Christianity
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:740-741
Skill:Conceptual
49) WhichofthefollowingreligionsgainednewadherentsinindustrializedJapan?
A) Shinto
B) Confucianism
C) Buddhism
D) Christianity
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:741
Skill:Factual
527
50) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTasignofsignificantsocialstressinindustrializedJapan?
A) DisputesbetweengenerationsoverWesternization
B) Theincreasingfreedomandpoliticalinfluenceofwomen
C) Growthofnationalism
D) Growthofurbanslums
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:741-742
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) CompareandcontrastJapaneseandRussiansocietypriortoindustrialization.
Answer: Russiangovernmentanempirewithlimitedparticipationbyaristocracy;Japanese
governmentTokugawaShogunatetypifiedbycentralbureaucracycomposedof
samuraiandregionalfeudalgovernmentsunderdaimyos;technicallyJapanretainedan
emperor,buthewasafigureheadpriorto1868;bothRussiaandJapanwereessentially
agriculturaleconomies,althoughJapanwasmuchmoreisolated;Russiaretained
programofgrainexportstoWest;bothcountrieshadpriortraditionofimitation,Russia
fromWest,JapanfromChina;Russiafollowedpolicyofterritorialexpansion,Japandid
not.
Diff:2
PageRef:724-727
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) CompareandcontrastthepoliticalreformsundertakeninJapanandRussiapriortoand
duringindustrialization.
Answer: Russia:abolitionofserfdom,establishmentoflocalpoliticalunits(zenstvoes),military
reform,establishmentofDuma.Japan:abolitionoffeudalism,serfdom,militaryreform,
establishmentoflocalgovernmentunderregionalprefects,creationofDietwithupper
andlowerhouse.Despiteseemingsimilarityofreform,Japanesemoresweeping.
Russianreformwaslimitedintermsofshakingauthorityofaristocracy.
Diff:2
PageRef:727-738
Skill:Conceptual
3) CompareandcontrastindustrializationinJapanandRussia.
Answer: Bothrequiredstatedirectionduetolackofcapital,entrepreneurialexperience;both
reliedonimitationofWest,alsocertaincapitalizationfromWest;Russiamore
dependentonforeigncapital,morevulnerabletoforeigncontrolofindustry;duetolack
ofnaturalresources,Japaneseindustrializationmorefocusedonexportof
manufacturedgoods;Japaneseindustrializationaccompaniedbydevelopmentof
middleclass,butnomiddleclassinRussia.
Diff:2
PageRef:727-742
Skill:Conceptual
528
4) WhydidrevolutionoccurinRussiainconsequenceofindustrialization,butnotinJapan?
Answer: Russianpoliticalreformswerelesssincere,lessfar-reaching;Westerntraditionsof
politicalradicalismpresentinRussia;workingclassabletoachieveunionization,
politicalradicalisminRussia,butnotinJapan;Japanmoresecularsociety,lessaffected
byreligiousconservatism;aristocracyofJapanreformulatedinindustrialrevolutionas
newelitewithentrepreneurs,samurai;nomiddle-classdevelopmentinRussia.
Diff:2
PageRef:727-742
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhydidJapanratherthanChinaassumeleadershipinAsiainthefaceofthechallengeofthe
West?
Answer: PossessedflexibilitythatChinalacked;knewbenefitsofimitation;slowercentralization
ofgovernmentallowedmoreautonomousmerchanttradition;feudalconditionslimited
governmentcontrolsandpermittedinitiative;notcrushedbymassivepopulation
increaseaswasChina;Chinasuffereddynasticcrisisinthe19thcenturywhileJapan
maintainedpoliticalvigorinthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury.
Diff:2
PageRef:737
Skill:Conceptual
529
Chapter33 DescentintotheAbyss:WorldWarIandthe
CrisisoftheEuropeanGlobalOrder
1) ApproximatelyhowlongdidWorldWarIlast?
A) Aboutfouryears
B) Abouttwoyears
C) Aboutsixyears
D) Aboutoneyear
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:755-763
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
2) WhichofthefollowingnationsdidNOTcomprisetheTripleEntenteallianceinthetheearly
1900s?
A) Germany
B) Britain
C) France
D) Russia
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:755
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
3) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaFrenchcolonyinnorthAfricaattheoutbreakofWWI?
A) Libya
B) Morocco
C) Tunisia
D) Algeria
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:755
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
530
4) WhatwastheregionofEuropethatproducedthemostdiplomaticcrisespriortoWorldWarI?
A) Scandinavia
B) TheBalkans
C) Italy
D) Spain
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:757
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
5) WhattwoEuropeanpowersweredirectlyinvolvedintheBalkandiplomacy?
A) GermanyandRussia
B) RussiaandBritain
C) RussiaandAustria-Hungary
D) FranceandAustria-Hungary
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:757
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
6) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaneventleadingtotheoutbreakofWorldWarI?
A) TheassassinationoftheAustrianArchdukebyaSerbiannationalist
B) AustriasdeclarationofwaronSerbia
C) ThemobilizationoftheRussianarmy
D) FrancesinvasionofBelgium
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:757
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
7) GermanysleaderscountedonWHATtohelpthemoverwhelmtheBelgiansandFrench?
A) Theircountryssuperbrailwaysystem
B) Small,butlightning-quickarmies
C) Submarinewarfare
D) Diplomacy
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:758
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
531
8) WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonforthequicksuppressionoftheRussianarmies
duringthefirstweeksofthewar?
A) Aristocraticgenerals
B) Uncodedbattlecommands
C) DestructionoftheRussianfleetatLeningrad
D) Ineffectiveartillerycover
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:758-759
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
9) Asadirectconsequenceofthewar
A) womensparticipationinthelaborforceincreasedgreatly.
B) womensparticipationinthelaborforceincreasedonlyslightly.
C) womensparticipationinthelaborforcedecreasedsignificantly.
D) womensparticipationinthelaborforcestayedbasicallyatthesamelevels.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:760
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
10) WhichofthefollowingcountriesdidNOThavecoloniesoutsideofEuropeattheoutbreakof
thewar?
A) France
B) Britain
C) Austria-Hungary
D) Italy
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:760
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
11) TheseawarfareduringWorldWarIconsistedlargelyof
A) majorsurfacebattlesbetweenthefleetsofBritainandGermany.
B) asinglemajorbattleinwhichtheGermanfleetdestroyedtheRussiannavy.
C) Germansubmarinewarfare.
D) theBritishattempttodestroytheRussianfleetintheMediterranean.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:761
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
532
12) By1916,conflictontheWesternFront
A) hadbecomeashiftinggameofrapidmaneuverwithfewmajorbattles.
B) hadresultedinthesurrenderofFranceandtheestablishmentoftheVichygovernment.
C) hadresultedinvictoryfortheBritishandFrenchtroopswhopushedtheexhausted
enemytothebordersofGermany.
D) hadsettledintoadeadlystalemateinwhichhundredsofthousandsofliveswere
expendedforafewfeetoftrench.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:758
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Conceptual
13) OntheAustro-Hungarianfront,theprimarycombatantswereItalyand
A) Germany.
B) Russia.
C) Austria-Hungary.
D) France.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:759
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
14) Between1914and1917,warfareontheEasternFront
A) pittedtheforcesofRussian,andAustria-HungaryagainsttheinvadingGermans.
B) includedpartsofRussiaandtheBalkans.
C) resultedintheSerbianknockoutoftheAustrianforces.
D) featuredbloodytrenchwarfareinwhichalmostnolandchangedhands.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:759
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Conceptual
533
15) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTafeatureofwaronthehomefrontbetween1914and1919?
A) Governmentsorganizedthemajorsectorsoftheeconomytorationresourcesand
production
B) Executivebranchesofgovernmentincreasinglytookoverfromparliaments
C) Governmentscontrolledpublicopinionthroughmanipulationofmassmediasuchas
newspapers
D) Strictgovernmentregulationpreventedmaterialshortagesandfamine
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:759
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Conceptual
16) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheglobalaspectsofWorldWarIismost
accurate?
A) TheBritishdominions,Canada,Australia,andNewZealand , remainedaloofand
virtuallyuntouchedbythewar.
B) By1914,theUnitedStateshadnotenteredthescrambleforcolonialpossessions.
C) Americanbusinessmenpriorto1917profitedbysellinggoodstobothsidesandby
takingadvantageofEuropeandistractionstoseizenewworldmarkets.
D) TheUnitedStatesaggressivelyenteredthewarin1914todemonstrateitsnewposition
asaworldpower.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:761
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Conceptual
17) WhatnationprofitedmostbywarfareinAsiabetween1914and1919?
A) Japan
B) China
C) NewZealand
D) TheUnitedStates
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:761-762
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
534
18) DuringWorldWarI,theOttomanEmpire
A) vainlyattemptedtoretainitsneutralityinwhattheTurksperceivedwasaChristian
conflict.
B) longattachedtoGermanmilitaryadvisors,joinedGermanyinthewareffort.
C) usedtheopportunitytoreassertTurkishdominanceovertheArabregions.
D) launchedassaultsindifferentlyagainstthecolonialpossessionsofBritain,France,and
Germany.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:761
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Conceptual
19) TheBritishpromisedsupportforaJewishsettlementintheMiddleEastinthe
A) SinaiResolution.
B) ExodusPact.
C) ChamberlainManifesto.
D) BalfourDeclaration.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:772
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
20) By1917thewarontheEasternFront
A) hadstagnatedintoastalemateinwhichneithersidehadanadvantage.
B) ledtoamajorrevolutioninRussiathattoppledthetsaristgovernment.
C) wasresolvedbyapeacetreatybetweenthecombatants.
D) resultedinamassiveRussianoffensivefueledbythenumericalsuperiorityofRussian
armies.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:759
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Conceptual
535
21) InwhatyeardidtheGermanforcesontheEasternFrontsueforpeace?
A) 1916
B) 1917
C) 1918
D) 1919
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:763
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
22) Beforetheirsurrender,theGermangeneralsrunningthegovernment
A) installedanewciviliangovernmenttoshouldertheblameofdefeat.
B) murderedtheemperor.
C) issuedastatementacceptingblameforthepoliciesthathadledtoWorldWarI.
D) overthrewtheciviliangovernmentandestablishedamilitarydictatorship.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:763
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Conceptual
23) TheseriesoftreatiesthatendedWorldWarIwerenegotiatedat
A) Potsdam.
B) Brest-Litovsk.
C) London.
D) Versailles.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:764
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
536
24) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTincludedinthefinalsetoftreatiesthatendedWorldWarI?
A) ALeagueofNationswasformed,buttheUnitedStatesrefusedtojoin.
B) RussiawasrewardedforitsservicetotheAlliesbythegrantofsubstantialterritoriesin
PolandandtheBalticrepublics.
C) Germanywasforcedtoacceptblameforthewarandtopayhugereparationstothe
victoriousAllies.
D) Austria-HungarywasdividedupintoaGermanicAustriaaswellindependentstatesof
Hungary,Czechoslovakia,andYugoslavia.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:764-765
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Conceptual
25) ApproximatelyhowmanypeoplediedasaresultofthecarnageofWorldWarI?
A) Onemillion
B) Twomillion
C) Fivemillion
D) 10million
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:763
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
26) AsaresultofitsparticipationinWorldWarI,theOttomanEmpire
A) effectivelycollapsed.
B) recovereditscontrolovertheArabregionsoftheempire,includingEgypt.
C) wasrewardedbythegrantofsubstantialterritoriesintheBalkans.
D) recoveredlandpreviouslylosttoRussia.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:771
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Conceptual
537
27) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTcarvedfromtheOttomanEmpireattheendofWorldWarI?
A) Turkishrepublic
B) Greece
C) BritishmandatesinPalestineandIraq
D) FrenchmandatesinSyriaandLebanon
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:772
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
28) WhatwastheDinshawaiincident?
A) ApartyofEgyptianguerillastoreupmuchoftheEgyptianrailwaysystem.
B) AgroupofBritishofficerswereimprisonedinagreatholeinKhartoum.
C) BritishofficershuntingpigeonsaccidentallyshotthewifeofaMuslimprayerleaderand
weresubsequentlyassaulted.
D) TheBritishtoredownanIslamicmosquetoconstructacathedral.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:770
Topic:WorldWarIandtheNationalistAssault
Skill:Factual
29) WhatwastheoutcomeoftheDinshawaiincidentinEgypt?
A) TheBritishwithdrewfromEgyptpriortoWorldWarI.
B) TheBritishwereforcedtosuppressarevoltledbytheMahdiintheSudan.
C) Masssupport,includingtheemergenceofayan allegiance,forthenationalcausegrewin
Egypt.
D) Islamicmullahsbegantopreachagainstthenationalistmovement.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:771
Skill:Conceptual
30) By1913,theBritish
A) hadgrantedfullindependencetoEgypt.
B) hadeliminatedresistancetotheirregimeinEgypt.
C) grantedaconstitutiontoEgyptiannationalists.
D) hadwithdrawnfromEgypt.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:771
Skill:Conceptual
538
31) PriortoWorldWarI,whatwastheprimarydifferencebetweenEgyptianandtheIndian
nationalistmovements?
A) InIndiaasinglepoliticalpartydominatedthenationalistmovement,butinEgypta
varietyofrivalpartiesproliferated.
B) TheEgyptiannationalistmovementwasdominatedbypeasantry,whileinIndia
Western-educatedlawyersranthemovement.
C) WhereasIndiahadbeendominatedbytheBritishsincethe18thcentury,Europeans
playednoroleinEgyptiancolonialism.
D) Egyptlackedaneducatedelitecapableofassumingleadershipofthenationalist
movement.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:770
Skill:Conceptual
32) WhatgroupwithinEgypttookupthecauseofnationalindependenceanddecolonization?
A) Theayan
B) TheTurco-Egyptianpoliticalelite
C) Sonsoftheeffendi
D) Thepeasants
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:770
Skill:Factual
33) WhichofthefollowinggroupsdidNOTbenefitfromtheBritisheconomicreformsinEgypt?
A) Theayan
B) TheEgyptianbourgeoisie
C) Thepeasants
D) TheTurco-Egyptianpoliticalelite
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:770
Skill:Conceptual
539
34) WhatBritishpoliticalofficerdominatedgovernmentpolicyinEgyptafter1882andpushedfor
economicreformsintendedtoreducethekhedivaldebt?
A) LordAfton
B) LordCromer
C) LordBentinck
D) GeneralGordon
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:770
Skill:Factual
35) BritishoccupationofEgyptmeantdoublecolonization bytheBritishand

A) theFrench.
B) theArabs.
C) theGermans.
D) theTurks.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:770
Skill:Factual
36) TheBritishfirstoccupiedEgyptfollowingtheAhmadOrabirevoltin
A) 1805.
B) 1867.
C) 1882.
D) 1914.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:769-770
Skill:Factual
37) EgyptistheonecountryintheAfro-Asianworldinwhich
A) decolonizationoccurredinthe19thcentury.
B) decolonizationfailedtooccuruntilthe1980s.
C) EuropeancountriesfailedtoestablishacolonialbaseuntilafterWorldWarI.
D) theemergenceofnationalismprecededEuropeanconquestanddomination.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:769
Skill:Conceptual
540
38) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheleadershipofthedecolonizationmovement
inIndiajustpriortoWorldWarIismostcorrect?
A) LeadershipwasassumedbymoreradicalmembersoftheCongressPartysuchasTilak
justbefore1914.
B) TheCongressPartylostitsleadershiproletotheSocialistParty,whichwasmorewilling
tocourtthemassesoftheIndianpeasantry.
C) Tilaksremovalandtherepressioncampaignsagainstterrorists,alongwithBritish
reforms,strengthenedthehandsoftheWestern-educatedmoderatesinCongress.
D) Itisdifficult,ifnotimpossible,toidentifyleadershipinthefragmentedCongressPartyof
1914.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:768
Skill:Conceptual
39) WhatBritishreformin1909providededucatedIndianswithexpandedopportunitiesbothto
electandtoserveonlocalandall-Indialegislativecouncils?
A) TheHalstead-Colemanreforms
B) TheCornwallisCommission
C) TheBentinckreforms
D) TheMorley-Mintoreforms
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:768
Skill:Factual
40) WherewastheterroristmovementmostconcentratedinIndiabeforeWorldWarI?
A) Deccanplateau
B) Punjab
C) Bengal
D) Bombay
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:768
Skill:Factual
541
41) WhowasthefirstIndianleaderwithagenuinemassfollowing?
A) J.Nehru
B) M.K.Gandhi
C) M.A.Jinnah
D) B.G.Tilak
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:768
Skill:Factual
42) AlargeportionofthegovernmentofIndiasbudgetwenttoallofthefollowingEXCEPT
A) highsalariesandpensionsofBritishadministrators.
B) thepurchaseofrailwayequipmentandsteelfromGreatBritain.
C) thehugeIndianarmy,oftenengagedoutsideofIndia.
D) statesupportforthedevelopmentofIndianindustries.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:768
Skill:Conceptual
43) Bythelastyearsofthe19thcentury,theCongressPartywasappealingto
A) investorsandbusinessmen.
B) peasants.
C) laborers.
D) untouchables.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:767
Skill:Factual
44) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthepositionoftheearlyCongressPartyismost
accurate?
A) ItwascommittedtorelievingthepovertyoftheIndianmasses
B) ItdemandedtheimmediatedecolonizationofIndia
C) ItwasloyaltotheBritishrulersandprimarilyconcernedwithinterestsoftheIndianelite
D) ItwascloselyinvolvedwiththedevelopmentofastronglabormovementwithinIndian
industry
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:767
Skill:Conceptual
542
45) In1885,regionalassociationsofWestern-educatedIndianscametogethertoformthe
A) IndianSocialistWorkersParty.
B) LiberalParty.
C) RevolutionaryNationalistParty.
D) IndianNationalCongressParty.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:767
Skill:Factual
46) WhatnationalistmovementpioneeredpatternsofdecolonizationandEuropeanretreat?
A) Kenya
B) India
C) Vietnam
D) Algeria
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:767
Skill:Factual
47) Whatmadecolonialregimesparticularlyvulnerabletochallengesfromwithin?
A) Thegrowingindustrializationofcolonialsocieties
B) Thefactthatcolonialgovernmentswerebuiltincollaborationwithindigenouselite
groups
C) TheirdependenceonEuropeanmilitaryforces
D) ThedependenceofplantationeconomiesontheWest
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:765
Skill:Conceptual
543
48) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheearlynationalistmovementsofAfricais
mostaccurate?
A) French-speakingwestAfricanstendedtoconcentratetheireffortsatpolitical
representationwithintheircolonies.
B) Bythemid-1920s,racistviewsofAfricansocietywerebecomingmorestrident,andmost
EuropeansrefusedtocountenancetheconceptofaprogressiveAfricanculture.
C) Pan-Africanism,linkingallAfricansinasinglenationalmovementforindependence,
wasthemostsuccessfulapparatusforachievingdecolonization.
D) Theearlyleadershipofpan-AfricanorganizationswasmoreoftenAmericanandWest
IndianthanAfrican.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:775
Topic:WorldWarIandthePostwarCrisesoftheEuropeanEmpires
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) DiscusstheaftermathofWorldWarIanditseffectonEuropeansociety.
Answer: Newterritorytosomecountriesandlossestoothers;collapseofempires;creationof
newstates;assignmentofblametoGermany;reparationstoBritainandFrance;pariah
statusforRussia;generalweakeningofEurope,deathsanddestructionofindustrial
property;somechangesinstructureofcolonialism.
Diff:2
PageRef:763-777
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Conceptual
2) HowdidWorldWarIaffectsocietiesoutsideofwesternEurope?
Answer: Africa:littleactualfighting,butparticipationinwarexposedcoloniestonationalism,
createdpan-Africanmovementin1919,ledtodecolonization.U.S.:emergedaswar
powerthroughintervention,gainedcentralroleinglobaltradenetworkthrough
creditorstatus.Japan:emergedasimperialpowerinAsia,notamajorfactorinpeace
negotiations,ledtodistrustofWest.India:likeAfricaexposedtoWesternnationalism,
independenceleaderssupportedwarinhopesoffreedomafter,frustratedbyWestern
failuretodecolonize.
Diff:2
PageRef:765-777
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Conceptual
3) Discussthechangesingenderrolesbroughtaboutbythewar.
Answer: Womensparticipationintheworkforceincreasedgreatly;betterwages;higher
confidence;broaderliberation;increasedpoliticalactivismandtherighttovoteinsome
countries.
Diff:2
PageRef:759-760
Topic:WorldWarI
Skill:Factual
544
4) DiscussGhandisapproachtotheremovaloftheBritishfromIndia.
Answer: Thenon-violentapproachofsatyagrahaencouragedpeacefulboycotts,strikes,
noncooperation,andmassdemonstrations
Diff:2
PageRef:769
Skill:Conceptual
5) DiscussZionismandhowWorldWarIhelpedmakepossiblethecreationofaJewish
homeland.
Answer: ZionismmovementforJewishhomeland,in1917BritishforeignsecretaryLordBalfour
promisedzionistsahomelandinPalestineafterthewar,WorldWarIdestroyedthe
OttomanEmpireandallowedincreasedJewishmigrationtoPalestine.
Diff:2
PageRef:772
Skill:Conceptual
545
Chapter34 TheWorldBetweenWars:Revolutions,
DepressionsandAuthoritarianResponse
1) Themid-1920sinwesternEuropecouldbestbedescribedasaperiodof
A) waranddestruction.
B) stabilityandoptimism.
C) depressionandunemployment.
D) internalpoliticalunanimity.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:781-782
Topic:TheGlobalGreatDepression
Skill:Conceptual
2) WhendidthecommunistrevolutioninRussiatakeplace?
A) 1917
B) 1918
C) 1919
D) 1920
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:780
Skill:Factual
3) TheU.S.economy
A) wasinseveredepressionthroughoutthe1920s.
B) sufferedbecausecorporationsrefusedtoinnovate.
C) boomedthroughoutmuchofthe1920s.
D) boomedonceHenryFordintroducedelectricity
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:783
Skill:Conceptual
546
4) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheeconomyofEuropeduringtheRoaring
20sisNOTaccurate?
A) Theworstinflationarypressureswereresolved,thoughatthecostofwipingoutthe
valueofsavingsformanypropertiedgroups.
B) Industrialproductionboomed.
C) Massconsumptionstandards,basedonreadyavailabilityofnewproducts,rose.
D) TheUnitedStateslaggedbehindtheEuropeannationsinbothindustrialproductionand
massconsumption.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:781-783
Skill:Conceptual
5) WhatcountrydidBenitoMussolinirule?
A) Britain
B) theU.S.
C) Italy
D) Germany
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:785
Skill:Factual
6) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelysummarizesthestateofMexicanpolitical
organizationaftertherevolution?
A) Amultitudeofpoliticalpartiessoconfusedtheelectoralscenethatnomeaningful
politicalcompromisecouldbeachieved.
B) Mexicowasimmediatelydominatedbylaborpartieswhooriginatedinthenorthern
partsofMexico.
C) Therevolutionaryleadershipinstitutionalizedtheregimebycreatingaone-partysystem
underPRI.
D) Presidentsruledmuchasthecaudillosbeforethemwithoutlimitationofpowersorterm
ofoffice.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:789
Topic:Revolution:TheFirstWaves
Skill:Conceptual
547
7) WhoweretheCristeros?
A) MarxistrevolutionarieswithintheMexicanlaborforce
B) RadicalswhosoughttooverthrowtheinfluenceofCatholicisminMexico
C) Conservativepeasantsbackedbythechurchwhofoughttostoptheslidetoward
secularism
D) Membersoftherevolutionaryelitewhodesiredtheestablishmentofaparliamentary
democracy
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:789
Skill:Factual
8) Whichofthefollowingwasincludedinthepolicyofindigenismthatwasincorporatedinto
manyofthepost-revolutionaryreformsinMexico?
A) TheremovalofallevidenceofSpanishheritage
B) TheMexicanmuralistmovementfeaturingworksofDiegoRiveraandJoseClemente
Orozco
C) ActiveattemptstoEuropeanizeMexicanculture
D) IntentionalemulationofSovietsocialistrealism
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:788
Skill:Conceptual
9) WhichofthefollowingreformswasNOTincludedintherevolutionaryconstitutionof1917in
Mexico?
A) StatetakeoverofpropertybelongingtotheCatholicchurch
B) Limitedforeignownershipofkeyresources
C) Landreform
D) Guaranteedrightsforworkers
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:788
Skill:Conceptual
548
10) ThecommunalholdingscreatedaspartoftheprogramoflandreformfollowingtheMexican
Revolutionwerecalled
A) playas.
B) tierralibertad.
C) lascasas.
D) ejidos.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:788
Skill:Factual
11) In1920whowaselected,bringingtheMexicanRevolutiontoaclose?
A) EmilianoZapata
B) VictorianoHuerta
C) AlvaroObregon
D) FranciscoMadero
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:788
Skill:Factual
12) WhatwastheprimarygoalofZapatasforceswithintheMexicanRevolution?
A) ThepresidencyforZapata
B) Industrialization
C) ExtensionoftheplantationeconomyinOaxaca
D) Sweepinglandreform
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:788
Skill:Conceptual
13) WhichofthefollowingpoliticalandmilitaryleaderswasNOTinvolvedintheMexican
Revolutionin1910?
A) JuanJoseArevalo
B) FranciscoMadero
C) EmilianoZapata
D) PanchoVilla
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:788
Skill:Factual
549
14) WhatpoliticianfirstchallengedtheMexicangovernmentin1910?
A) FranciscoMadero
B) AugustinIturbide
C) BenitoJuarez
D) PorfirioDiaz
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:788
Skill:Factual
15) ThemanwhohadbeeninchargeoftheMexicangovernmentsince1876atthetimeofthe
MexicanRevolutionwas
A) FranciscoMadero.
B) AugustinIturbide.
C) BenitoJuarez.
D) PorfirioDiaz.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:787
Skill:Factual
16) TheMexicanRevolutionbeganin
A) 1901.
B) 1910.
C) 1914.
D) 1919.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:788
Skill:Factual
17) AttheendofWorldWarI,whatnationemergedasthedominantforeignpowerinLatin
America?
A) Britain
B) Germany
C) TheUnitedStates
D) Spain
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:787
Skill:Factual
550
18) TwoeventssetinmotiontrendsthatwoulddeterminemuchofLatinAmericassubsequent
history:WorldWarIand
A) WorldWarII.
B) theMexicanRevolution.
C) thePero nera.
D) thecommunistrevolutioninCuba.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:787
Skill:Factual
19) ThelastManchuemperorabdicatedin
A) 1912.
B) 1923.
C) 1939.
D) 1945.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:793
Skill:Factual
20) Thebest-positionedcontendersforpowerintheaftermathoftheabdicationoftheQingwere
the
A) merchantsandbankersofcoastalcities.
B) warlordsormilitarycommanders.
C) universitystudents.
D) secretsocieties.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:793
Topic:Revolution:TheFirstWave
Skill:Factual
551
21) WhatforeignpowerplayedamajorfactorinChinesedomestichistoryfromthemid-1890sto
1945?
A) TheUnitedStates
B) Vietnam
C) Britain
D) Japan
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:794
Skill:Factual
22) TheleaderoftheRevolutionaryAlliance,aloosecoalitionofanti-Qingpoliticalgroupsthat
spearheadedthe1911revolt,was
A) YuanShikai.
B) ChiangKai-shek.
C) SunYat-sen.
D) MaoZedong.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:794
Skill:Factual
23) WhathappenedtotheparliamentarygovernmentestablishedinChinabytheRevolutionary
Alliancein1912?
A) ItwasoverthrownbyaCommunistinsurrection.
B) SunYat-senresignedthepresidencyinfavorofthenorthernwarlord,YuanShikai.
C) TheparliamentarygovernmentunderthepresidencyofSunYat-Seneffectively
governednorthernChinafromthecapitalatBeijingfor20years.
D) TheparliamentarygovernmentwasoverthrownbytheBoxerrebellion.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:794
Skill:Conceptual
552
24) JapangainedinfluenceinChinabyseizingtheconcessionaryareasofwhatEuropeanpower
duringWorldWarI?
A) Britain
B) TheUnitedStates
C) Russia
D) Germany
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:794
Skill:Factual
25) TheinitialgoaloftheMayFourthmovementwas
A) Communistinsurrection.
B) riddingChinaofallWesterninfluences.
C) thecreationofaliberaldemocracyalongWesternlines.
D) ChinesesubjectiontoJapan.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:795
Skill:Conceptual
26) MostofthemembersoftheearlyMayFourthmovementwere
A) warlords.
B) peasants.
C) Communists.
D) intellectualsandstudents.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:794-795
Skill:Factual
27) WhatmadeChinesethinkersawareofapossibleMarxistsolutiontoChinasills?
A) TheRussianrevolutionof1905
B) TheRussianrevolutionof1917
C) FrederickEngelssvisittoChinain1912
D) TheJapaneseexample
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:795
Skill:Conceptual
553
28) ThemanwhoheadedthestudycircleattheUniversityofBeijingandwhofirstgaveserious
attentiontoMarxistphilosophywas
A) ChiangKai-shek.
B) LiBo.
C) LiDazhao.
D) YuanShikai.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:795
Skill:Factual
29) HowdidearlyChineseMarxistphilosophydifferfromLenins?
A) Chinesephilosophersemphasizedtheroleoftheproletariatintherevolution.
B) Chinesethinkersstressedthegradualistapproachtopoliticalchange.
C) SunYat-sentaughtthattherevolutioncouldonlyoccurafterthecomplete
industrializationofChina.
D) ThestudycircleattheUniversityofBeijingsawthepeasantsasthevanguardof
revolution.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:795
Skill:Conceptual
30) EarlyMarxistphilosophersinChinacharacterizedallofChinassocietyas
A) proletarian.
B) peasant.
C) bourgeois.
D) Westernized.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:795
Skill:Conceptual
554
31) WhichofthefollowingorganizationsandpublicationswasNOTassociatedwiththeearly
MarxistmovementinChina?
A) NewYouth
B) SocialistYouthCorps
C) CommunistYouthCorps
D) Guomindang
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:795-796
Skill:Factual
32) In1919,SunYat-senreturnedtoChinaandattemptedtounifythevariouspolitical
organizationsstrugglingforpoliticalinfluenceinChinabyreorganizingtherevolutionary
movementunderwhatname?
A) TheSocialistYouthCorps
B) TheMayFourthmovement
C) TheRedArmy
D) TheNationalistPartyofChina
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:796
Skill:Factual
33) WhichofthefollowinggroupswasNOTalliedwiththeNationalistPartyby1924?
A) TheUnitedStates
B) Urbanbusinessmenandmerchantsofthesoutherncoastalcities
C) TheCommunists
D) Localwarlordsandthecriminalunderworld
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:796
Skill:Conceptual
555
34) WhohelpedfindtheWhampoaMilitaryAcademyin1924?
A) theUnitedStates.
B) Britain.
C) SovietRussia.
D) Japan.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:796
Skill:Factual
35) WhatwasChiangKai-sheksinitialrolewithintheChineseNationalistParty?
A) DelegatetotheLeagueofNations
B) RepresentativeattheTreatyofVersailles
C) FamilyheadoftheGreenGang
D) HeadoftheWhampoaMilitaryAcademy
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:796
Skill:Factual
36) TheNationalistPartysgreatestfailurewasitsinabilityto
A) createamilitarywingoftheparty.
B) dealwiththesocialandeconomiccrisisoftheChinesepeasantry.
C) industrializeChina.
D) riditselfofitstiestotheQingdynasty.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:796-797
Skill:Factual
37) WhatearlyCommunistleaderemphasizedtheroleofthepeasantryinrevolutionarysolutions
toChineseproblems?
A) SunYat-sen
B) ChiangKai-shek
C) MaoZedong
D) YuanShikai
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:797
Skill:Factual
556
38) FollowingSunYat-sensdeathin1925,whatgroupseizedcontroloftheNationalistParty?
A) UrbanbusinessmenandmerchantsofthesouthernChinesecoast
B) Communists
C) Warlordsandmilitarychiefs
D) Peasants
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:797
Skill:Factual
39) WhoemergedastheheadoftheNationalistPartyanddefactorulerofChinabythelate
1920s?
A) SunYat-sen
B) MaoZedong
C) ChiangKai-shek
D) LiDizhao
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:797
Skill:Factual
40) OpenwarfarebeganbetweentheCommunistsandNationalistPartyfollowing
A) theCommunistassaultonBeijing.
B) theinterventionofJapanonthesideoftheNationalists.
C) theannouncementofSovietRussiansupportfortheNationalistcause.
D) theNationalistslaughteroftheirformeralliesinShanghai.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:797
Skill:Conceptual
41) WhichofthefollowinggroupsdidNOTinitiallysupporttheNationalistsintheircontestwith
theCommunistsforcontrolofChina?
A) Urbanbusinessmenandmerchants
B) Urbanworkers
C) Intellectualsandstudents
D) Rurallandlords
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:797
Skill:Conceptual
557
42) WhatimpactdidtheNationalistsmashingoftheworkersmovementhaveonthe
developmentoftheCommunistPartyinChina?
A) ItdestroyedtheearlyCommunistmovement,leavingonlysmallcellsofintellectualsand
students.
B) TheslaughteroftheworkersinShanghaihadlittleimpact,becausethegreat
concentrationofworkerswasinBeijing.
C) ItpropelledMaotoleadership.
D) ItforcedtheCommuniststobecomeincreasinglydependentontheSovietUnion.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:797
Skill:Conceptual
43) TheLongMarchrefersto
A) thehumiliatingexportationofChineseprisonerstoJapan.
B) themarchof90,000communistsfromHunantoShaanxiprovince.
C) theNationalistPartyprogressionfromminormovementtoascendancyinChina.
D) ChiangKai-sheksassaultonthecommuniststrongholdinBeijing.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:797
Skill:Factual
44) ThecenteroftheCommunistPartyinChinafrom1934tothemid -1940swas

A) Shaanxiprovince.
B) Hunanprovince.
C) Beijing.
D) Macao.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:797
Skill:Factual
558
45) WhatinterruptedChiangKai-sheksdestructionoftheChineseCommunistPartyinthelate
1930s?
A) Russianintervention
B) ThedeathofSunYat-sen
C) JapaneseinvasionoftheChinesemainland
D) TheinterventionoftheUnitedStates
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:797
Skill:Conceptual
46) InwhatcitydidtheRussianrevolutionof1917begin?
A) St.Petersburg
B) Moscow
C) Novgorod
D) Odessa
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:789
Skill:Factual
47) The1917revolutionsawcitiesrunbycouncilsofworkersor
A) glasnost.
B) soviets.
C) commissars.
D) kulaks.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:789
Skill:Factual
48) IntheeightmonthsfollowingthebeginningoftheRussianrevolutioninMarch1917,what
termcouldbestbeusedtodescribetherevolutionarygovernment?
A) Liberal
B) Anarchist
C) Communist
D) Conservative
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:789
Skill:Conceptual
559
49) WhowastheleaderoftheRussiangovernmentaftertheMarchRevolution?
A) JosephStalin
B) Bakunin
C) AlexanderKerensky
D) NicholasRomanov
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:789
Skill:Factual
50) WhatgroupsucceededtheinitialrevolutionarygovernmentofRussia?
A) Bakuninsanarchists
B) Kerenskysliberals
C) LeninsBolsheviks
D) MolotovsMensheviks
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:790
Skill:Factual
51) WhatwasLeninssolutiontoRussianparticipationinWorldWarI?
A) HelaunchedamassiveoffensivecampaignthatcarriedRussianforcesdeepwithin
Germany.
B) HeimmediatelydemandedthathisBritishandFrenchalliessendhumanitarian,
economic,andmilitaryaidtotheeasternfront.
C) HenegotiatedapeacetreatywiththeGermansandsurrenderedhugeamountsofland
onRussiaswesternborder.
D) HesuccessfullyachievedasignificantroleattheVersaillespeacenegotiations.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:790
Skill:Conceptual
560
52) Leninspowerin1917wasbasedonhiscontrolofthe
A) Duma.
B) zemstvos.
C) tsar.
D) CouncilofPeoplesCommissars.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:790
Skill:Factual
53) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthepoliticalsituationinRussiaafterLenins
seizureofpowerismostaccurate?
A) LeninhopedtoestablishamajoritypartybasedalmostentirelyontheRussian
peasantry.
B) Thefirstparliamentaryelectionfollowingtherevolutionreturnedamajorityforthe
SocialRevolutionaryParty,notLeninsBolsheviks.
C) Leninremainedcompletelydedicatedtotheprinciplesofparliamentarygovernment,a
positionthatgarneredhimthesupportofRussianliberals.
D) Leninabandonedpowerinthefaceofapopularplebisciteforanotherformof
government.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:790
Skill:Conceptual
54) WhatresponsedidtheRussianrevolutionprovokeelsewhereinEurope?
A) Britain,France,theU.S.,andJapanallinvadedRussia.
B) RussiawasimmediatelyalliedwithBritain,France,andtheU.S.againstcontinued
Germanaggression.
C) Francesupportedtherevolution;BritainandtheU.S.remainedneutral.
D) None
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:791
Skill:Conceptual
561
55) ThefirstheadoftheRedArmywas
A) Lenin.
B) Bakunin.
C) Trotsky.
D) Molotov.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:791
Skill:Factual
56) LeninsfirstattemptatimprovingtheRussianeconomyin1921wascalledthe
A) FirstFiveYearPlan.
B) NewEconomicPolicy.
C) MarchonHunger.
D) ACT.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:791
Skill:Factual
57) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheSupremeSovietismostaccurate?
A) ItwaselectedbyatinyminorityoftheRussianpopulation
B) Itfeaturedsomanypoliticalpartiesthatitwasvirtuallypowerless
C) Competitioninelectionswasnormallyprohibited,whichmeantthattheCommunist
Partyeasilycontrolledthebody
D) Italmostnevermet
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:791
Skill:Conceptual
562
58) HowdidStalinsviewofcommunismdifferfromthatofLenin?
A) LeninwasonlyinterestedintheRussianrevolutionanddidnotvisualizeanyfurther
revolutionaryprocess.
B) LeninwasmoreinterestedinincludingabroadswathoftheRussianpopulationinthe
Communistmovement.
C) StalinrepresentedastronglynationalistversionofCommunismandconcentratedon
socialisminonecountry.
D) StalinwasnotamemberoftheCommunistParty.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:793
Skill:Conceptual
59) TheinternationalofficeestablishedtoencourageCommunistpartiesintheWestwascalled
A) WesternInternational.
B) Comintern.
C) Leninistainternationale.
D) Eurored.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:793
Skill:Factual
EssayQuestions
1) DiscussthetransitioninrevolutionaryRussiafromliberalismtocommunism.
Answer: In1917developmentofliberalgovernmentunderKerensky;attemptedtoestablish
parliamentarydemocracy,butlackedsubstantialmiddleclass;secondrevolution
broughtworkersgroupsandBolshevikstopowerunderLenin;becauseoflackof
popularmajority,forcedtoshutdownparliament,establishsingle-partyrule;
constructedpowerfulnewarmyunderpoliticalleadership;establishedstatecontrolof
economicpolicieswithNEP;createdUnionofSovietSocialistRepublicswith
governmentsdominatedbysmallcadreofCommunists;pseudo-parliament,the
SupremeSoviet,created;controlledbyparty.
Diff:2
PageRef:789-791
Skill:Conceptual
563
2) Whatarethecharacteristicsof20thcenturyrevolutions?
Answer: Occurinsocietieswherechanges,industrialorpolitical,arealreadyunderway;involve
priorintellectualbuildup,liberalism,nationalism,religiousfundamentalism,or
socialism;theeventualdeclineofliberalismintherevolutionarymovement;theneedto
cometotermswithWesterninfluence.
Diff:2
PageRef:792
Skill:Conceptual
3) InwhatwaysdidStalinismaltertheoriginalconceptsofSovieteconomyandgovernment?
Answer: Stalinlessorientedtogoalsofinternationalcommunism,moretiedtosocialisminone
country,moredirectinterventionineconomy,collectivizationofagriculture,five-year
plansforindustrialdevelopment;moreruthlesseliminationofpoliticaloreconomic
enemies;createdtotalitariangovernment,secretpolice,purgesofenemies,totalcontrol
ofbureaucracy.
Diff:2
PageRef:789-793
Skill:Conceptual
564
Chapter35 ASecondGlobalConflictandtheEndofthe
EuropeanGlobalOrder
1) WorldWarIIofficiallybeganinwhatyear?
A) 1940
B) 1941
C) 1939
D) 1935
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:818
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
2) WhichofthefollowingcountrieswasNOTamemberoftheAxispowers?
A) TheSovietUnion
B) Germany
C) Italy
D) Japan
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:818
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
3) After1937,thegovernmentofJapanwasdominatedby
A) socialistswhogainedpowerintheaftermathofthedepression.
B) laborunionswhosepositionwasstrengthenedbytheircontrolofindustry.
C) theemergingestateofmiddle-classliberalsintentonabroaderfranchise.
D) amilitaryregimededicatedtotheultra-nationalistgoals.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:817
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
565
4) In1931,theJapanesearmymarchedinto__________anddeclareditanindependentstate.
A) Korea
B) Vietnam
C) thePhilippines
D) Manchuria
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:817
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
5) AdolphHitlerwasthepoliticalandideologicalleaderofthe
A) SocialDemocraticParty.
B) NationalSocialistParty.
C) ChristianDemocraticParty.
D) ConservativeUnion.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:817
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
6) HitlerpromisedtheGermanpeopleallofthefollowingEXCEPT
A) toputGermansbacktowork.
B) toridGermanyoftheJewishrace.
C) torestorepoliticalstability
D) toremilitarizeGermany.
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:817
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
7) InwhichyeardidGermanyrearm?
A) 1935
B) 1936
C) 1937
D) 1938
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:885
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Conceptual
566
8) WhowastheleaderoffascistItaly?
A) BenedettoCroce
B) ErnestoMomigliano
C) BenitoMussolini
D) BenitoJuarez
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:817
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
9) WhichofthefollowingcountriescontributedtoSpainsrepublicansduringtheSpanishCivil
War?
A) Mexico
B) TheSovietUnion
C) Italy
D) Germany
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:817
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
10) ThiscitybecamethecapitaloftheChineseNationalistsformuchofWWII.
A) Chongqing
B) Taipei
C) Nanjing
D) Cuomintang
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:820
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
11) TheTripartitePact,signedin1940,includedallofthefollowingcountriesEXCEPT
A) Russia
B) Japan
C) Germany
D) Italy
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:820
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
567
12) Inordertoavoidatwo-frontwar,Hitlersignedanonaggressionpactwiththiscountryin
1939.
A) Spain
B) France
C) Italy
D) TheSovietUnion
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:820
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
13) TheNaziinvasionofthiscountryin1939putanendtotheideaofappeasement.
A) Poland
B) Czechoslovakia
C) France
D) Sweden
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:820
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
14) Germanyswareffortwasbasedontheconceptof
A) blitzkrieg.
B) horse-mountedinfantry.
C) trenchwarfare.
D) Anschloss.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:821
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
15) In1940,theDutchportof__________wasvirtuallyleveledbytheGermans,killingover40,000
civilians.
A) Flanders
B) Helsinki
C) Rotterdam
D) Brisbane
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:822
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
568
16) WhichofthefollowingdidNOTcontributetothefallofFrancetotheGermans?
A) TherefusalofEnglishtroopstofightwiththeFrench
B) Dividedandweakleadership
C) DelaysoverrearmingtheFrenchforces
D) AthoroughlydemoralizedFrenchpopulation
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:822
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
17) ThiscitywasthecapitaloftheNazispuppetregimeinFrance.
A) Toulose
B) Vichy
C) Paris
D) St.Gabrielle
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:822
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
18) BritishvictoryintheBattleofBritainwasduetoallofthefollowingEXCEPT
A) thebraveryoftheroyalfamily.
B) thehighmoraleofthecitizens.
C) radar.
D) theV2rocket.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:822
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
19) AllofthefollowinggroupsweretargetedbyHitlerinthemassexecutionsthatwouldbecome
knownasthefinalsolutionEXCEPT
A) musicians.
B) homosexuals.
C) Gypsies.
D) Jews.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:823
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
569
20) Atthisconferencein1942,theNazihighcommandfinalizedplansforthedestructionofthe
Jewishrace.
A) Krakow
B) Auschwitz
C) Copenhagen
D) Wannsee
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:823
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
21) ApproximatelyhowmanypeoplewerekilledbytheNazisduringtheHolocaust?
A) 12million
B) Twomillion
C) Eightmillion
D) 20million
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:823
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
22) A1944AlliedlandinginthiscountrycreatedaEuropeanfrontagainsttheGermans.
A) Belgium
B) France
C) Sicily
D) Spain
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:824
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
23) HItlerslast-ditchefforttorepeltheAlliedarmiesbecameknownas
A) theBattleofParis.
B) theBattleoftheArdennes.
C) theBattleoftheBulge.
D) theBattleofBritain.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:824
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
570
24) InwhatyeardidtheJapaneseattackPearlHarbor,thusbringingtheUnitedStatesintoWorld
WarII?
A) 1939
B) 1941
C) 1943
D) 1945
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:824
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
25) ThiscountrychoseapathofneutralityandcooperationwithJapaninthePacifictheaterof
WWII.
A) Australia
B) ThePhilippines
C) Indonesia
D) Thailand
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:824-825
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
26) Universallyrecognizedasthegreatestnavalbattleinhistory,theJapanesefleetwaseffectively
putoutofcommissionat
A) Midway
B) Tarawa
C) CoralSea
D) IwoJima
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:825
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
571
27) ThisAmericangeneralorderedmassaerialbombingofhighlyvulnerableJapanesecities.
A) McArthur
B) Patton
C) LeMay
D) Eisenhower
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:826
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
28) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningwarfareintheEuropeantheaterduringWorld
WarIIismostaccurate?
A) Francemountedafanaticdefenseofitshometerritories,onlysuccumbingtotheNazi
advancein1944.
B) Bythesummerof1940,mostofFrancelayinGermanhands,whileasemi -fascist
collaborativeregimeruledinVichy.
C) BritishresistancecrumbledbeforetheairassaultsofGermany,andanamphibious
assaultknockedtheBritishfromthewar.
D) From1939on,thechiefresistancetotheGermanadvancewasprovidedbyAmerican
forces.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:822
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Conceptual
29) ThebalanceofthewarinEuropeshiftedin1941whenGermanyinvaded
A) France.
B) Britain.
C) Italy.
D) theSovietUnion.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:823
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
572
30) JapanssurrenderinthePacificwasprecipitatedby
A) theuseofatomicweaponsonthecitiesofNagasakiandHiroshimabytheU.S.
B) amassivelandandseaassaultontheJapanesehomeislands.
C) thelossofthePhilippinestotheU.S.
D) theBritishadvancethroughMalayaintoChina.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:826-827
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
31) Allofthefollowingwereconferencesheldamongthealliedpowerstodeterminethefateof
EuropeafterthedefeatofGermanyEXCEPT
A) Potsdam.
B) Yalta.
C) Sarajevo.
D) Teheran.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:826
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
32) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaresultofthepeacetreatiessignedfollowingWorldWarII?
A) TheUnitedStatesoccupiedJapan
B) Germanywasdividedintofourzonesofoccupation
C) TheSovietUniontookmuchofeasternPoland,whilethePoleswerecompensatedby
receivingpartofeasternGermany
D) Germanindustrialpowerwasdestroyed.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:829
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Conceptual
33) ThisinstitutionwascreatedasaresultofWWII.
A) TheLeagueofNations
B) TheUnitedNations
C) TheWorldBank
D) TheInternationalMonetaryFund
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:828
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
573
34) WhichofthefollowingcountrieswasNOTachartermemberoftheUN?
A) China
B) TheSovietUnion
C) Britain
D) France
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:828
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
35) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthecreationofthestateofIsraelin1948isNOT
correct?
A) ArabstatesborderingIsraelattackedthenewnation,butfailedtodefeattheIsraelis.
B) TheUnitedStatessupportedthecreationofIsraelin1948,buttheSovietUnionopposed
itsformation.
C) ThepartitionofPalestineintoJewishandArabicstateswascarriedoutintheUnited
Nations.
D) TheArab-Israeliwarof1948createdhundredsofthousandsofArabrefugeesfrom
Palestine.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:836
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Conceptual
36) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningZionismfollowingWorldWarIIismost
accurate?
A) ZioniststurnedtoviolentattemptstoejecttheBritishfromPalestineinresponsetothe
BritishattemptstolimitimmigrationtotheMiddleEast.
B) TheZionistmovementturnedtopeacefuldemonstrationsandboycottsonthemodelof
theIndiannationalistmovementandrefusedtoparticipateinviolence.
C) TheZionistmovement,frustratedbythefailuretoachieveanindependentnation,
weakenedafterWorldWarII.
D) TheZionistmovementwaseliminatedafterWorldWarIIbythecombinedactionofthe
PalestinianArabsandtheBritish.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:836
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Conceptual
574
37) TheAfrikanerNationalPartyinSouthAfricaestablishedarigidsystemofracialsegregation
called
A) Boerprejudice.
B) voortrekker.
C) apartheid.
D) swartzfrei.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:835
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
38) Inwhatnationwerewhitesettlersabletoretaintheirpositionofsupremacy?
A) Kenya
B) Algeria
C) SouthernRhodesia
D) SouthAfrica
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:834
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
39) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheAlgerianindependencemovementismost
accurate?
A) AlgeriawonitsindependencefromFranceinapeacefulmovementledbywhitesettlers
inthecolony.
B) DecolonizationinAlgeriawasviolent,aswhitesettlersresistedindependencethrough
theOASsupportedbypowerfulelementswithintheFrenchmilitary.
C) IndependenceinAlgeriawasachievedasaresultofthemilitaryvictoryoftheFLNover
theFrencharmy.
D) UnliketherestofAfrica,Algeriawasneverdecolonizedandremainedaprovinceof
France.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:834
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Conceptual
575
40) FailureoftheBritishtodealwiththeleaderofthelargestnationalistparty,JomoKenyatta,led
toaviolentandprolongedrevolutionin
A) Nigeria.
B) Ghana.
C) SouthAfrica.
D) Kenya.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:833-834
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
41) InwhattypeofAfricancolonieswastheprocessofdecolonizationmostviolent?
A) Thosethatwereleastindustrialized
B) ThosecolonizedbytheGermans
C) ThosewithlargenumbersofwhiteEuropeansettlers
D) Truecolonies
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:832
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
42) BywhatdecadehadtheEuropeancolonizationofmostofblackAfricacometoanend?
A) 1950s
B) 1960s
C) 1970s
D) 1980s
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:832
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
43) WhatradicalAfricanleaderhelpedtoachieveindependenceinGhana?
A) JuliusNyerere
B) JomoKenyatta
C) KwameNkrumah
D) NelsonMandela
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:832
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
576
44) Whichofthefollowingnationsachievedindependencewithoutviolence?
A) Indonesia
B) Philippines
C) Indochina
D) India
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:831
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
45) WhatwasthesolutiontothedivisioninIndiabetweenMuslimsandHindusin1947?
A) TheBritishestablishedasinglegovernmentwithaHindumajority,butwithspecific
officesreservedforMuslims.
B) ThegovernmentofIndiawasdividedbetweentwohousesoftheIndianparliament,one
forMuslims,oneforHindus.
C) TheBritishsimplywithdrewfromIndiawithoutanypoliticalsettlementoftheproblem
ofreligiousdivision.
D) TheBritishdecidedtodivideIndiaintotwonations: aMuslimPakistanandasecular,
butHindu-dominated,India.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:831
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Conceptual
46) OfallthenationalistpartiesinIndia,theBritishweremostcloselyalliedwith
A) theMuslimLeague.
B) Congress.
C) theQuitIndiamovement.
D) theCommunists.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:831
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
577
47) HowdidtheIndianCongressPartyandnationalistleadersrespondtoBritishparticipationin
WorldWarII?
A) AsinWorldWarI,theCongressPartyandnationalistleaderssuchasGandhiled
popularralliesinfavoroftheBritishwareffort.
B) Nationalistleadersofallpartiesopposedthewareffort.
C) Congressopposedthewareffortanditsleaderswerejailed,buttheMuslimLeague
ralliedtotheBritishcause.
D) TheMuslimLeagueandtheCommunistsopposedtheBritishwareffortasameansof
establishingindependence.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:831
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Conceptual
48) AJewishhomelandtobecalledIsraelwasestablishedin1948
A) inPalestine.
B) inEgypt.
C) inSaudiArabia.
D) inSyria.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:836
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
49) WhatdocumentduringWorldWarIIincludedaclausethatrecognizedtherightofallpeople
tochoosetheformofgovernmentunderwhichtheylive?
A) TheMarshallPlan
B) TheAtlanticCharter
C) TheBalfourDeclaration
D) TheTrumanDoctrine
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:830
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
578
50) Whichofthefollowingnations,createdintheaftermathofWorldWarI,lostitsindependence
followingWorldWarII?
A) Czechoslovakia
B) Yugoslavia
C) Greece
D) Latvia,Lithuania,Estonia
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:829
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Factual
EssayQuestions
1) Definetotalwar.HowdidtheWorldWarsofthe20thcenturydemonstratetheapplication
oftotalwar?
Answer: Totalwar:warresultingfromtheimpactofindustrializationonmilitaryeffort,
reflectingboththetechnologicalinnovationandtheorganizationalcapacitythat
accompaniedtheindustrialeconomyfromitsearlystages.WorldWarIsawthe
applicationofmoredestructivetechnology,machineguns,poisongas,battleships,
submarines,airplanes,tanks;governmentcontrolofeconomicactivity,altered
managementpolicy,laborrelations,andpersonalconsumptionoptions;controlof
media;WorldWarIIsimplyintensifiedallofabove;mostobvioustechnological
advancewasatomicweapons.
Diff:2
PageRef:819
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Conceptual
2) InwhatwaysdidthesettlementofWorldWarIIrepudiatetheVersailles
treatiesthatendedWorldWarI?Inwhatwaysdidthesettlementaffirmthe
conceptsincludedintheVersaillestreaties?
Answer: Repudiation:creationofsmallrepublicsineastEuropelargelyundoneby
dominanceofSovietUnionfollowingWorldWarII;directlycontrolledmost,
tookoverBalticrepublics;U.S.isolationended;Japanwhowasonthe
victorioussideinWorldWarIoccupiedbyU.S.Affirmation:
internationalizationaffirmedwithcreationofUnitedNationstoreplacefailed
LeagueofNations;destructionofGermanyaccomplishedbycreationoffour
occupationzones,althougheconomyleftlargelyintact.
Diff:2
PageRef:827-829
Topic:WorldWarII
Skill:Conceptual
579
Chapter36 WesternSocietyandEasternEuropein
the Decades of the Cold War
1) Whatcrisisemergedin1956thatdemonstratedthediminishedpowersofEuropeannationsin
worldaffairs?
A) PortugalattemptedtoreassertitscontroloverGoa.
B) TheNetherlandssoughttoestablishcolonialruleinSouthAfrica.
C) BritainandFranceattemptedforciblytohaltEgyptsnationalizationoftheSuezCanal.
D) FrancewasdrivenfromLibya.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:845
Topic:AfterWorldWarII:InternationalSettingfortheWest
Skill:Factual
2) WhatFrenchleadernegotiatedAlgeriasindependencein1962?
A) KingCharlesV
B) MarshalPetain
C) GeneralBoulanger
D) CharlesdeGaulle
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:845
Skill:Factual
3) InwhatyeardidtheFrenchrelinquishtheircolonyinVietnam?
A) 1947
B) 1954
C) 1973
D) 1981
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:845
Skill:Factual
580
4) WhatphrasedidWinstonChurchillcointodescribethedivisionbetweenfreeandrepressed
societiesafterWorldWarII?
A) Theredmenace
B) Theironcurtain
C) TheBerlinWall
D) Thecoldwar
Answer: B
Diff:1
PageRef:845
Topic:TheColdWarandDecolonization,1945-1989
Skill:Factual
5) WherewasthefocalpointofthecoldwarinEuropeimmediatelyafterWorldWarII?
A) Hungary
B) Czechoslovakia
C) France
D) Germany
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:846
Skill:Factual
6) Whichofthefollowingcountrieswasnotamemberoftheeasternbloc?
A) Poland
B) Hungary
C) Turkey
D) Romania
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:845
Skill:Factual
7) AprogramofloansthatwasdesignedtoaidwesternEuropeannationsrebuildafterWWIIs
devastationwasthe
A) DreyfusPlan.
B) McArthurPlan.
C) MarshallPlan.
D) ChurchillPlan.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:846
Skill:Factual
581
8) U.S.oppositiontoSovietaggressioninwesternEuropewaspredicatedon
A) amassivesuperiorityinmenunderarms.
B) thetechnologicalsuperiorityofittanksandartillery.
C) anuclearumbrella.
D) thepoliticaldivisionwithintheSovietUnion.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:846
Skill:Factual
9) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheU.S.militaryspendingismostaccurate?
A) AfterWorldWarII,U.S.militaryspendingcontinuouslydeclined.
B) UnderDemocraticpresidents,thepercentageofU.S.resourcesdevotedtothemilitary
increasedwhileunderRepublicanpresidentsthesameexpendituresdecreased.
C) TheU.S.abandonedmilitarypreeminencetothegrowingpowerofFrance.
D) Regardlessofthepartyinpoliticalpower,thepercentageoftheU.S.budgetgoingtothe
militaryremainedstablefromthe1950stothe1980s.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:847
Skill:Conceptual
10) WhichofthefollowingwasconsistentwiththepoliticalviewpointoftheChristianDemocrats?
A) Totalitariangovernment
B) Democraticinstitutionsandmoderatesocialreform
C) Abolitionoftradeunions
D) Nationalizationofallindustries
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:847
Skill:Conceptual
582
11) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthedevelopmentofnewgovernmentsin
EuropeafterWorldWarIIismostaccurate?
A) ExceptforGermanyandItaly,politicalstabilitywasrestoredthroughtheinstitutionof
moreauthoritariangovernments.
B) NewconstitutionsestablishedinwesternEuropeuniformlyestablishedeffective
parliamentswithuniversal(includingfemale)suffrage.
C) ConstitutionsformedafterWorldWarIIwerenoteworthyprimarilyforthelackof
durability.
D) Aslateasthe1980sseveralnationsclungtosemi -fascist,authoritarianregimesruledby
strongmen.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:848
Skill:Conceptual
12) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheGermangovernmentafterWorldWarIIis
mostaccurate?
A) GermanyremaineddividedamongthreeWesternpowersuntil1980.
B) Duringthecoldwar,France,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesmergedtheirterritoriesto
formtheFederalRepublicofGermany.
C) AfterWorldWarII,theWeimarRepublicwasrestoredinGermany.
D) GermanyfellunderthedirectgovernmentoftheSovietUnionalongwiththerestof
easternEurope.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:847
Skill:Conceptual
13) Thecreationofthewelfarestate
A) wasaccomplishedonlyintheUnitedStates.
B) wascarriedoutaspartoftheprogramofconservatisminEuropeangovernments
followingWorldWarII.
C) wasnecessitatedbytherecurrenceoftheDepressionfollowingWorldWarII.
D) resultedfromtheleftwardshiftofthepoliticalspectruminEuropefollowingWorldWar
II.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:848
Skill:Conceptual
583
14) WhichofthefollowingsocialinsuranceprogramswasNOTtypicalofthewelfarestate?
A) State-runmedicalfacilities
B) Unemploymentinsurance
C) Thevalue-addedtaxscheme
D) Familyassistance
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:848-849
Skill:Conceptual
15) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheEuropeanwelfarestateismostaccurate?
A) Theimpositionofthewelfarestatewasaccompaniedbytheeliminationoftheprivate
sectorinmostEuropeannations.
B) Middle-classpeople,ingeneral,failedtorealizeanybenefitsfromthewelfarestate.
C) Thewelfarestatecushionescitizensagainstmajorexpensesandunusualhardships,
thoughitdidnotrearrangeoverallsocialstructure.
D) Allofthetaxschemesintroducedbythewelfarestatewereintendedtoredistribute
incomefromthewealthytothepoor.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:849
Skill:Conceptual
16) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaneffectofthewelfarestate?
A) Itcushionedcitizensagainstbigexpensesandunusualhardships,ratherthan
rearrangingthesocialstructure.
B) Itprotectedthepurchasingpoweroftheverypooragainstcatastropheandcontributed
toimprovedhealthconditions.
C) Itincreasedcontactsbetweengovernmentandcitizenandproducedahostofnew
regulations.
D) Immediatelyuponitscreation,itgeneratedastormofpoliticalprotestfromconservative
politicalfactions.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:848-849
Skill:Conceptual
584
17) Whichofthefollowingparalleledthedevelopmentofthewelfarestate?
A) Increasedmilitaryspending
B) Increasedgovernmentroleineconomicpolicy
C) Increasedpoliticalconservatism
D) Decreasedgovernmentspendingoverall
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:849
Skill:Conceptual
18) WelfarecommitmentsbecamefarandawaythelargestcomponentofWesterngovernment
budgetsoutsideof
A) Sweden
B) theUnitedStates
C) Britain
D) France
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:849
Skill:Factual
19) Atechnocratwas
A) anewpoliticalpartisanoftheChristianDemocraticParty.
B) anopponentofthereplacementofmenbymachines.
C) anewbreedofbureaucrattypifiedbytraininginengineeringoreconomics.
D) apersonwhopromotedgovernmentbythemagnatesofindustry.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:849
Skill:Factual
20) Whatupsetthepatternofpoliticalcompromisearoundthepatternsofparliamentary
democracyandthewelfarestateinthe1960s?
A) MilitaryrevolutionsinFranceandSpain
B) ProtestoncollegecampusesinEuropeandtheU.S.
C) TheelectionofafascistgovernmentinPortugal
D) ThewidespreaddepressionthatafflictedEurope
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:849
Skill:Factual
585
21) WhichofthefollowingrepresentedanewpoliticalconcernintheWestfollowingtheupheaval
ofthe1960s?
A) Communism
B) Socialism
C) TheGreenmovement
D) Conservatism
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:850
Skill:Factual
22) WhichofthefollowingnationswasNOTinvolvedintheoriginalEuropeanEconomic
Community?
A) Britain
B) Italy
C) France
D) Germany
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:850
Skill:Factual
23) TheEuropeanEconomicCommunityisagoodexampleof
A) Europescontinuednationalstrife.
B) cooperationbetweenEuropeannationsandawillingnesstocreateasingleEuropean
economy.
C) theneedforEuropetodevelopasingleforeignpolicyindependentoftheU.S.
D) thecontinuedeconomicdependenceoftheEuropeannationsonthecapitalderivedfrom
theU.S.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:850
Skill:Conceptual
586
24) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribestheEuropeaneconomyofthe
post-1950s?
A) TheEuropeaneconomystagnatedshortlyafterthewithdrawaloftheU.S.from
Europeanaffairs.
B) Overallgrowthingrossnationalproductsurpassedtheratesofanyextendedperiod
sincetheIndustrialRevolutionbegan.
C) Withtheexceptionofamajordepressionfrom1958to1964,theEuropeaneconomy
grew.
D) WhilesouthernEuropeannations,longtheleastdevelopedofthecontinent,
demonstratedremarkablegrowth,northernEuropeslidintoeconomicrecession.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:851
Skill:Conceptual
25) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTtypicaloftheEuropeaneconomyafter1950?
A) Rampantconsumerism
B) Risingper-capitadisposableincome
C) Highlevelsofunemployment
D) Difficultieswithimmigrantlaborers
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:851
Skill:Conceptual
26) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribesthesituationofEuropean
peasantryinthesocialstructureoflate20th-centuryEurope?
A) TheEuropeanpeasantrydisappearedfollowingWorldWarII.
B) TheEuropeanpeasantrydecreasedinsizeandbecameincreasinglycommercialized.
C) TheEuropeanpeasantrycontinuedtoremainexclusivelyruralandrejectedtwentieth
centuryurbanculture.
D) AloneamongEuropeansocialclasses,thepeasantryremainedindependentofthestate
bureaucracies.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:856
Topic:CultureandSocietyintheWest
Skill:Conceptual
587
27) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTarightachievedbywomenintheWestinthelater20th
century?
A) Voting
B) Familyrights,accesstodivorce,abortion,birthcontrol
C) Accesstohighereducation
D) Paymentequaltomalesforequalwork
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:856
Skill:Conceptual
28) WhatworkbySimonedeBeauvoirsignifiedthebeginningofthenewfeminismin1949?
A) PatriarchalSociety
B) TheFeminineMystique
C) TheSecondSex
D) Mine,Yours,andOurs
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:858
Skill:Factual
29) WhowroteTheFeminineMystique?
A) BettyFriedan
B) GerdaLerner
C) JeanneStemple
D) SojournerTruth
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:858
Skill:Factual
588
30) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningWesterncultureduringthelater20thcenturyis
mostaccurate?
A) Inthefinearts,mostartistsattemptedareturntotheclassicalformsoftheRenaissance
andtheancientworld.
B) Morethananyotherscientificfield,thesocialsciencesabandonedthetraditional
emphasisonconsistencyinhumanandsocialbehavior.
C) Inthefieldofphysics,modernscientistswereunabletogobeyondthestartling
discoveriesofthe19thcentury.
D) Westerncultureinthe20thcentury,bothinartandinscience,becamelargelyrelative
ratherthanobjective.
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:858-859
Skill:Conceptual
31) WhichofthefollowingnationsdidNOTremainindependentofdirectSovietcontrolby1948?
A) Greece
B) Albania
C) Yugoslavia
D) Poland
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:862
Topic:TheSovietUnionasaSuperPower
Skill:Factual
32) AllofthefollowingpolicieswerefollowedbySoviet-sponsoredregimesineasternEurope
EXCEPT
A) attacksonpotentialpoliticalrivals,includingtheCatholicchurch.
B) theinitiationoffive-yearplans.
C) theestablishmentofparliamentarydemocracies.
D) collectivizationofagriculture.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:862
Skill:Conceptual
589
33) DespitethelooseningofSovietcontrolovereasternEuropefollowingStalinsdeath,what
aspectsofSovietdominationcontinuedtobeenforced?
A) Single-partydominanceandmilitaryalignmentwiththeSovietUnion
B) Centralizedeconomicplanning
C) TotalrejectionofCatholicism
D) Agriculturalcollectivization
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:863
Skill:Conceptual
34) TheindependentlabormovementinPolandthatchallengedSovietdominancewascalled
A) Comintern.
B) Solidarity.
C) Izvestia.
D) Pravda.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:862
Skill:Factual
35) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheOrthodoxchurchunderStalinsregimeis
mostaccurate?
A) TheregimeappointedtheOrthodoxchurchtheonlyapprovedreligionwithinthestate.
B) TheOrthodoxchurchbecametheprimaryinstrumentoftheregimespolicyofeducation.
C) TheOrthodoxchurchceasedtoexistduringtheStalinistregime.
D) LoyaltiestoOrthodoxypersisted,buttheywereconcentratedinalargelyelderly
minority.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:863
Skill:Conceptual
590
36) WhatRussianauthorofGulagArchipelagowasexiledtotheWest,butfoundlifetheretoo
materialistic?
A) Turgenev
B) Tolstoy
C) Solzhenitsyn
D) Karamazov
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:864
Skill:Factual
37) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTtypicaloftheSovieteconomy?
A) Controlofvirtuallyalleconomicsectors
B) Emphasisonheavyindustrialgoods
C) Needtocreateamassivearmamentsindustry
D) Readyavailabilityofconsumergoods
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:864
Skill:Conceptual
38) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTasourceofpressureontheSovietfamily?
A) ReligiousconstraintsimposedbytheOrthodoxChurch
B) Crowdedhousing
C) Lossoftiestoextendedfamilylifeofthecountryside
D) Motherswhoworkedlonghoursawayfromthehome
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:865
Skill:Conceptual
39) InwhatwaydidthesocialorganizationoftheindustrializedSovietUnioncome
toresemblethatoftheWest?
A) Emphasisonserviceindustriesandmanagerialhierarchies
B) Thedivisionofurbansocietybetweenworkersandamanagerialmiddleclass
C) Theabsenceofatrueproletariat
D) Lackofapeasantry
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:865
Skill:Conceptual
591
40) Bythe1970s,theRussianrateofpopulationgrowthwas
A) muchlessthanthatoftheWest.
B) aboutthesameasthatofChina.
C) aboutthesameasthatoftheWest.
D) muchgreaterthantheWest.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:865
Skill:Factual
41) WomeninRussianindustrializedsociety
A) rapidlyreachedthesamestatusasmales.
B) werelesslikelytobeintheworkforcethanwomenintheWest.
C) dominatedsomeprofessions,suchasmedicine.
D) wereaffordedthesametypeofdomesticidealizationtypicalofwomenintheWest.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:865
Skill:Conceptual
42) ImmediatelyafterStalinsdeathin1953,whatformofgovernmentwasestablished?
A) Aliberaldemocracy
B) Arulingcommitteeratherthansingle-manrule
C) AutocracyunderLeonidBrezhnev
D) RulebytheSupremeSoviet
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:866
Skill:Factual
43) Whatleaderemergedtotakeprimarypowerin1956?
A) JosephStalin
B) MikhailGorbachev
C) YuriAndropov
D) NikitaKhrushchev
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:866
Skill:Factual
592
44) WhichofthefollowingwasaSovietsuccessduringtheyearsofKhrushchevsdominance?
A) TheCubanmissilecrisis
B) ThedevelopmentofagricultureinSiberia
C) ThelaunchingofSputnik
D) Increasesinoverallagriculturalproductivity
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:866
Skill:Conceptual
45) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheSovietmilitaryfollowingStalinsdeathis
mostaccurate?
A) OveralltheSovietUnionplayedacautiousdiplomaticgame,almostneverengagingin
warfarebutmaintainingahighlevelofpreparedness.
B) ThecontinuedgrowthoftheSovietmilitaryledtoanincreasingwillingnessonthepart
ofRussianrulerstoengageindirectmilitaryinterventionaroundtheglobe.
C) FollowingStalinsdeath,subsequentSovietrulersenactedapolicyofprogressive
demilitarization.
D) FollowingWorldWarII,theSovietmilitaryplayednosignificantroleinsubsequent
Russianhistory.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:866
Skill:Conceptual
46) WhatRussianleadersignificantlyalteredpolitical,diplomatic,andeconomicpoliciesinthe
SovietUnionafter1985?
A) YuriAndropov
B) LeonidBrezhnev
C) MikhailGorbachev
D) YuriGagarin
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:868
Topic:TheExplosionofthe1980sand1990s
Skill:Factual
593
47) Thetermperestroikarefersto
A) anewfreedomtocommentandcriticizetheSovietgovernment.
B) economicrestructuringandmoreleewayforprivateownership.
C) theSovietspaceprogram.
D) theestablishmentofaliberaldemocracy.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:868-869
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) WhateventsledtotheColdWar?
Answer: SovietoccupationofeasternEurope,PresidentTrumanwasaggressivetowardsthe
SovietUnion,MarshallPlan,unificationofGermany,andtheestablishmentofNATO
andtheWarsawPact.
Diff:2
PageRef:845-847
Topic:TheColdWar
Skill:Conceptual
2) HowdidwesternEuropechangeafterWorldWarII?
Answer: Thespreadofliberaldemocracy,movementtowardsawelfarestate,establishmentof
theEuropeanCommonMarketandamovetowardsEuropeanUnion,unprecedented
economicexpansion,andimmigration.
Diff:2
PageRef:847-853
Topic:TheResurgenceofWesternEurope
Skill:Conceptual
3) HowdidcultureandsocietyintheWestchangeduringthedecadesoftheColdWar?
Answer: Workersbecamemoreaffluentandthemiddleclassgrew,awomensmovement
changedthesocial,economicandpoliticalpositionofwomen,growingpermissiveness,
culturalinfluenceoftheUS,andanupsurgebytheyoungergeneration.
Diff:2
PageRef:855-860
Skill:Conceptual
4) WhatwerethemaineventsineasternEuropeafterWorldWarII?
Answer: SovietUnionbecameasuperpower,theSovietsestablishedcontrolofeasternEurope,
rapidindustrializationbutfewerconsumergoodsthanintheWest,andWesternideas
andcultureincreasinglybegantopenetrateeasternEurope.
Diff:2
PageRef:860-869
Topic:EasternEuropeafterWorldWarII:ASovietEmpire
Skill:Conceptual
594
5) WhatdidMikhailGorbachevintendbythepoliciesofglasnostandperestroika?
Answer: TheSovieteconomyandsocietyhadstagnatedandglasnostwasanattempttoallowa
moresearchingenquiryintotheproblemsoftheSovietsocietyandperestroikawasthe
introductionofsmallscalemarketmechanismsintotheeconomy.Theideawasto
preservecommunism.
Diff:2
PageRef:868-869
Topic:ANewWaveofSovietReform
Skill:Conceptual
595
Chapter37 LatinAmerica:RevolutionandReactionin
the21stCentury
1) Whatdistinguishesthoseregionsreferredtoasthethirdworldfromothersocieties?
A) Lackofstablepoliticalinstitutions
B) Lackofindustrialization
C) Lackofmajorreligioussystems
D) Isolationintheworldcommercialnetwork
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:874
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) Thesecondworldrefersto
A) theindustrializedWest.
B) LatinAmerica.
C) industrializedcommunistnations.
D) unindustrializednations.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:874
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
3) WhichofthefollowingnationsisNOTpartofthefirstworld?
A) TheUnitedStates
B) Japan
C) Britain
D) TheSovietUnion
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:874
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
596
4) InwhichoftheregionsoftheworlddoesLatinAmericabelong?
A) Firstworld
B) Secondworld
C) Thirdworld
D) Fourthworld
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:874
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
5) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningchangeinLatinAmericainthe20thcenturyis
mostaccurate?
A) Theregionhasgrappledwithsocialjustice,culturalautonomyandeconomicsecurity.
B) WhiletheLatinAmericaneconomyhadremainedrelativelyunchanged,thepolitical
andsocialorderhasbeenrevolutionized.
C) Themostsignificantchangehasbeenintheoverthrowoftheoldsocialhierarchybased
onraceandcolor.
D) TheelitesofLatinAmericanowarebasedontheincreasinglydominantlabormovement
thataccompaniedindustrializationthroughoutLatinAmerica.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:874
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
6) InLatinAmericathestrugglefordecolonizationhasbeenprimarily
A) oneofeconomicsubordination.
B) oneofeconomicexploitation.
C) oneofeconomicbrinksmanship.
D) oneofeconomicdisengagement.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:874
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
597
7) WhichofthefollowingwasakeyfigureinLatinAmericaafterWorldII?
A) JuanPeron
B) EmilianoZapata
C) ChristopherColumbus
D) PanchoVilla
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:875
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
8) TheGuatemalanreformsofJuanJoseArevalothatbroughthisgovernmentintodirectconflict
withforeigninterestsdoNOTinclude
A) oustingtheCatholicchurch.
B) landreform.
C) improvementintherightsandconditionsofworkers.
D) aproposedincometax.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:879
Topic:RadicalOptionsinthe1950s
Skill:Factual
9) WhatcorporationinGuatemalabecamethecenterpieceofthedisputebetweentheUnited
StatesandreformgovernmentsintheCentralAmericancountry?
A) U.S.Steel
B) FordMotorCompany
C) ContinentalCanCompany
D) UnitedFruitCompany
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:879
Skill:Factual
598
10) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtherevolutioninGuatemalain1954ismost
accurate?
A) ThecommunistArbenzgovernmentthatruledGuatemalawasoverthrownbyliberal
reformersunderArevalo.
B) Communistrevolutionariesoverthrewtheconservativemilitarygovernmentdespite
activeU.S.support.
C) TheU.S.CentralIntelligenceAgencyaidedconservativedissidentsinoverthrowingthe
nationalisticArbenzgovernment.
D) TheU.S.-supportedregimethatreplacedtheArbenzgovernmentintroducedsignificant
landreformandlimitedforeignownershipofGuatemalanindustry.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:879
Skill:Conceptual
11) AfterthecoupthattoppledArbenzsgovernment,Guatemalawasvirtuallyrunbyallofthe
followingEXCEPT
A) coffeeplanters.
B) foreigncompanies.
C) theSovietUnion.
D) themilitary.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:879
Skill:Factual
12) Byabout1950,whatportionofCubasimportscamedirectlyfromtheUnitedStates?
A) Three-fourths
B) One-half
C) 20percent
D) 10percent
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:879
Skill:Factual
599
13) AllofthefollowingwerereformpromisesoftheBatistagovernmentEXCEPT
A) nationalizationofnaturalresources.
B) fullemployment.
C) theoverthrowoftheUnitedStates.
D) landreform.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:879
Skill:Conceptual
14) WhowastheleaderoftheCubanrevolutionthatoverthrewFulgencioBatista?
A) HortensioHerrera
B) CristobalColon
C) JuanPeron
D) FidelCastro
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:879
Skill:Factual
15) TheCubanrevolutionwasreferredtobytherevolutionariesas
A) TierrayLibertad.
B) the26thofJulyMovement.
C) theDecembristrevolt.
D) VotaAsi.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:879
Skill:Factual
16) ThebeardedrebelsunderCastrowerealsoknownas
A) gauchos.
B) barbudos.
C) loslobos.
D) cubanos.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:880
Skill:Factual
600
17) WhatArgentinerevolutionaryassistedintheoverthrowoftheCubangovernmentin1956?
A) CarlosObregon
B) ErnestoCheGuevara
C) FulgencioBatista
D) EnriqueRamirez
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:879
Skill:Factual
18) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribestheoutcomeoftheCuban
revolution?
A) DespitethesuccessfuloverthrowofBatista,therevolutionarygovernmentfailedtoenact
significantreformsintheplantationeconomy.
B) TherevolutionarygovernmenteventuallyannounceditsadoptionofMarxist-Leninist
leanings,brokeoffrelationswiththeU.S.,andintroducedsweepingsocialistreforms.
C) Thelargelyliberalgovernmentthatresultedfromtherevolutionreturnedtothe
constitutionof1940andcloserrelationshipswiththeU.S.
D) AfterabriefsojournintheU.S.,Batistawasabletoreturntopowerwiththesupportof
theU.S.military.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:880
Skill:Conceptual
19) TherevolutionarygovernmentofCubatradedeconomicdependencyontheU.S.for
A) economicautonomywithasuccessfulprogramofindustrialization.
B) increasingpoliticalandeconomictieswithJapan.
C) increasingeconomicdependencyontheSovietUnion.
D) asignificantshareoftheworldspetroleummarket.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:880
Skill:Conceptual
601
20) ThesweepingreformsofCastrosCubahaveimprovedallofthefollowingEXCEPT
A) basicfreedom.
B) education.
C) health.
D) housing.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:880
Skill:Factual
21) WheredidCheGuevaradiein1967?
A) Armenia
B) Turkey
C) Russia
D) Bolivia
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:881
Skill:Factual
22) WhichofthefollowingwereNOTavenuesofreformforLatinAmericaduringthe1960sand
1970s?
A) TheCatholicchurch
B) Politicalstability
C) Ahigh-techmilitary
D) Socialjustice
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:881
Topic:TheSearchforReformandtheMilitaryOption
Skill:Factual
23) TheemergencewithintheRomanCatholichierarchyofacombinationoftheologyand
socialistprinciplesinanefforttobringaboutimprovedconditionsforthepoorwascalled
A) liberationtheology.
B) socialisminonecountry.
C) TierrayLibertad.
D) thecommunistprimer.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:881
Skill:Factual
602
24) Liberaltheologiansstressed__________asaformofpersonalsalvation.
A) socialequality
B) confession
C) materialwealth
D) physicalprowess
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:881
Skill:Factual
25) WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinregardstoofficersoftheLatinAmericanmilitary?
A) Theybegantoseethemselvesasabovetheselfishinterestsofpoliticalparties.
B) Theybegantothinkofthemselvesasthetruerepresentativesofthenation.
C) Theybelievedinthevalueofhierarchyandusuallykepttheirplaceinsociety.
D) Theybelievedtheywerethebestequippedtosolvetheirnationsproblems.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:882-883
Skill:Factual
26) WhichofthefollowingcountrieswasNOTaffectedbyamilitarycoupduringthe1960sand
1970s?
A) Chile
B) Brazil
C) Argentina
D) Mexico
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:883-884
Skill:Factual
27) InArgentina,violentoppositiontomilitaryruleledtoacounteroffensiveknownas
__________.
A) thegrange.
B) thetroubles.
C) thedirtywar.
D) theredcommand.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:884
Skill:Conceptual
603
28) ThecommonthreadrunningthroughallofthemilitaryregimesofLatinAmericawas
A) theywereallsupportedbytheSovietUnion.
B) theywereallsupportedbytheworkingpopulations.
C) theywereallreform-minded.
D) theywereallnationalistic.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:884
Skill:Conceptual
29) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningmilitarygovernmentsinLatinAmericaafter
1960ismostaccurate?
A) Militarygovernmentstendedtofavorlaborandtheworkingclassesattheexpenseofthe
traditionaloligarchy.
B) Politicalrepressionandtorturewereoftenusedtosilencecritics.
C) Noneofthemilitarygovernmentswassuccessfulinintroducingsocialoreconomic
reforms.
D) MilitarygovernmentswereuniformlysurrogatesforconservativesinLatinAmerican
society.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:883-884
Skill:Conceptual
30) Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelyreflectstheprogressofdemocratizationin
LatinAmericaduringthe1980s?
A) DespitereturntodemocraticgovernmentinmanyLatinAmericancountries,problems
withpopulistmovements,threatsfrommilitaryleaders,inflation,andthedrugtrade
weakenedthenewregimes.
B) OncedemocraticgovernmentswererestoredinmuchofLatinAmerica,theinfluenceof
theU.S.intheregionbegantowane.
C) ThereturnofdemocracytoLatinAmericawassouniversalthatmilitarygovernments
ceasedtoexist.
D) Democraticgovernmentsinthe1980sceasedtobetroubledbytheexistenceofleftist,
guerrillamovements.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:884
Skill:Conceptual
604
31) TheUnitedStatesdemonstrateditscontinuingpowerintheLatinAmericanregioninits
invasionof__________in1989
A) Panama
B) CostaRica
C) ElSalvador
D) Nicaragua
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:888
Skill:Factual
32) LatinAmericangovernmentsinthelastdecadesofthe20thcenturyfacedallofthefollowing
problemsEXCEPT
A) largeforeignloans
B) highratesofinflation
C) overpopulation
D) criminalactivityduetothedrugtrade
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:884
Skill:Factual
33) HowmanydirectU.S.militaryinterventionswerethereintheCaribbeanandCentralAmerica
before1933?
A) Two
B) Seven
C) 16
D) Over30
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:885
Skill:Factual
605
34) WhatNicaraguanpoliticianledanoppositiontoU.S.occupationuntilhisassassinationin
1934?
A) AugustoSandino
B) VioletaChamorro
C) DanielOrtega
D) LuizInacioSilva
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:886
Skill:Factual
35) ConservativegovernmentsanddictatorshipsestablishedintheaftermathofU.S.military
interventioninLatinAmericawerereferredtoas
A) UncleSamsAmigos.
B) C.I.A.heaven.
C) BananaRepublics.
D) BurritoBandits.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:886
Skill:Factual
36) WhatU.S.presidentintroducedtheGoodNeighborPolicythatpromisedtodealmorefairly
withLatinAmericancountriesandtohaltdirectmilitaryintervention?
A) TheodoreRoosevelt
B) CalvinCoolidge
C) FranklinRoosevelt
D) HarryTruman
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:887
Skill:Factual
606
37) WhatledtotheU.S.returntomoreaggressivepoliciesincludingdirectmilitaryintervention
followingWorldWarII?
A) Thedesiretocontaincommunismandthecoldwar
B) ThediscoveryofuraniuminMexico
C) TheincreasinginterventionofJapanintoLatinAmericaneconomies
D) TheallianceofmanyLatinAmericancountrieswithfascistgovernmentsduringthewar
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:888
Skill:Conceptual
38) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaUSmethodofinfluencewithinLatinAmericaafterWorld
WarII?
A) Participationinregionalorganizations
B) Supportofgovernmentsthatexpressedpro-democraticsentiments
C) Covertunderminingofunfriendlycountries
D) Directannexation
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:888
Skill:Factual
39) Duringthe1970sand1980s,U.S.policytowardsLatinAmericawasoften
A) hostile.
B) pragmatic.
C) hands-off.
D) dictatorial.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:888
Skill:Factual
40) PresidentJimmyCarter
A) invadedGrenada.
B) invadedPanama.
C) gavecontrolofthePanamaCanaltoPanama.
D) invadedCostaRica
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:888
Skill:Factual
607
41) Profoundculturalvariationsonwhatismoralandproperleadtoahuman-rightspositionof
A) absolutism.
B) relativism.
C) universalism.
D) sectionalism.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:886-887
Topic:HumanRightsinthe20thCentury
Skill:Conceptual
42) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningwomeninLatinAmericanpoliticsandsocietyis
mostaccurate?
A) NowhereinLatinAmericadidwomenachievetherighttovotebefore1955.
B) Womentendedtojointhenationalpoliticalparties,wheretraditionalprejudicesagainst
womeninpubliclifelimitedtheirabilitytoinfluenceprograms.
C) WomencontinuedtobeexcludedfromtheLatinAmericanindustrializedlaborforce,
althoughtheyplayedamajorroleinagriculturalproduction.
D) Bythemid-1980s,LatinAmericanwomencontinuedtoholdsocialandpoliticalstatus
moresimilartootherareasofthethirdworldthanwesternEuropeandNorthAmerica.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:888
Topic:SocietiesinSearchofChange
Skill:Conceptual
43) WhichofthefollowingfactorsdidNOTcontributetosignificantchangeinLatinAmerican
womensroles?
A) LatinAmericanmen
B) Feministorganizations
C) Suffragemovements
D) Internationalpressures
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:888-889
Skill:Factual
608
44) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTa1980sreasonfortheincreasedmovementofpeopleswithin
thehemisphere?
A) Workersseekingjobs
B) Thedemandsforcheaplabor
C) Theflightofpoliticalrefugees
D) Tourism
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:889
Skill:Factual
45) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningLatinAmericanpopulationismostaccurate?
A) Between1950and1985,LatinAmericanpopulationremainedstagnantduetopoor
healthconditionsandconstantinternalwarfare.
B) Despiteimprovements,LatinAmericaspopulationcontinuedtoincreasemoreslowly
thanthatofNorthAmerica.
C) AlmostallpopulationincreaseinLatinAmericacanbeattributedtoimmigrationof
Europeanlaborers.
D) Since1950,LatinAmericanpopulationhasmorethandoubled,whileNorthAmerican
populationhasgrownmoreslowly.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:889
Skill:Conceptual
46) WhichofthefollowingtypesofpopulationmovementwasNOTtypicalofLatinAmericain
thelate20thcentury?
A) MovementoflaboracrossinternationalboundariesinLatinAmerica
B) MovementoflaborfromLatinAmericatotheU.S.
C) Flightofpoliticalrefugees
D) Movementofpopulationawayfromthecitiestothecountryside
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:889
Skill:Conceptual
609
47) ThepercentageofLatinAmericanpeoplelivingincitiesis
A) greaterthanwesternEurope.
B) lessthanAsia.
C) lessthanAfrica.
D) lessthanEurope,butgreaterthanAfricaandAsia.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:890
Skill:Conceptual
48) Thetermfavelasrefersto
A) largecoffeeestates.
B) shantytowns.
C) unemployment.
D) illegalbordercrossings.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:890
Skill:Factual
49) Withrespecttoreligion,thevastmajorityofLatinAmericans
A) arestillnominallyRomanCatholics.
B) practicereligionsbroughtwithslavepopulationsfromAfrica.
C) followindigenousIndianreligionsthatpredatethearrivaloftheSpaniards.
D) haveconvertedtosomeformofProtestantism.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:890
Skill:Conceptual
50) WhichofthefollowingisNOTaLatinAmericanliteraryfigureofthelate20thcentury?
A) PabloNeruda
B) GabrielGarciaMarquez
C) PanchoVilla
D) JorgeLuisBorges
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:891
Skill:Factual
610
EssayQuestions
1) DescribetheCubanrevolutionofthe1950s.
Answer: Cubanrevolutionwaslaunchedagainstlong-standingpersonalruleofBatista;
nationalisticresponsetoforeigncontrolofinternalresourcesandeconomy;itinvolved
demandsforredistributionofland;itwaswonbyguerillawarfareagainstnational
militaryforces.Theoutcomeoftherevolutionwastheestablishmentof
Marxist-Leninistsocialistgovernmentandactualgovernmentcontrolledbysingle
party.
Diff:2
PageRef:879-881
Skill:Conceptual
2) Defineauthoritarianreformer.HowhaveauthoritarianreformshadaroleinLatinAmerica
since1945?
Answer: AuthoritarianreforminLatinAmericawastypifiedbymobilizationofsupportfrom
labor,poor;strongnationalismparticularlydirectedagainstforeignownershipof
resources;oftenledbymilitaryfigureswhowishedtoretainstructureofgovernment.
AfterWorldWarII,PeroninArgentina,PRIinMexicoandVargasinBrazil.
Diff:2
PageRef:875-876
Topic:EconomicandPoliticalChangesinLatinAmerica
Skill:Conceptual
3) Compareandcontrasttheradicalrevolutionsofthe1950sinCubaandGuatemala.
Answer: Comparison:bothbasedonpopulistappealoflaboringgroups,nationalist
expropriationofforeigncapital,landredistribution.Contrasts:Guatemalanreform
movementunderArevaloandArbenzhaltedbyinterventionofU.S.Central
IntelligenceAgencyinsupportofbusinessinterests;CubanrevoltunderCastroresulted
increationofMarxist-LeniniststatewitheconomydependentonSoviet
Union;succeededwhereGuatemalathwartedbyU.S.intervention.
Diff:2
PageRef:877-881
Skill:Conceptual
4) DiscusstheroleofthemilitaryinLatinAmericanpoliticaldevelopmentduringthelate20th
century.
Answer: Militarycametoforefrontduring1960sinfearofCubanexpansionofMarxist
revolution;madepossiblebyfailureofpopulistandliberalgovernmentstosupply
reforms;oftensupportedinitiallybyU.S.asmeansofopposingcommunism;tendedto
conservatism;imposedbureaucraticauthoritarianregimesbasedonmilitarychainof
command;heavyuseoftorture,politicalrepressionofopposition;governmentslasted
untilmid-1980s.
Diff:2
PageRef:881-884
Skill:Conceptual
611
Chapter38 Africa,theMiddleEast,andAsiaintheEra
of Independence
1) WhichcountrydidIndiraGandhigovern?
A) Britain
B) Nigeria
C) India
D) China
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:894
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) Anothertermforthelong-standingdivisionsbetweendifferentclassesandethnicgroupsis
A) communism
B) socialism
C) communalism.
D) ethniccleansing.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:897
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Factual
3) WhyhaveethnicrivalriesandcommunalviolencebeenendemicindecolonizedAfricanand
Asianstates?
A) ThelevelofcivilizationinAfricaandAsiawasmoreprimitiveatthetimeof
colonization.
B) TriballifeinAfricaandAsiawastraditionallymoreviolentthanothercultures.
C) Theintroductionofslaverybywhitesinthe19thcenturybrutalizedAfricanandAsian
culture.
D) EuropeanshastilycolonizedAfricaandAsiaandestablishedboundarieswithout
referencetoethnicgroupsorculturalhomogeneity.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:897-898
Topic:TheChallengesofIndependence
Skill:Conceptual
612
4) ThefragmentationofPakistanresultedinthecreationoftheindependentnationof
A) Myanmar.
B) SriLanka.
C) Bangladesh.
D) Bhutan.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:898
Skill:Factual
5) WhatwasthemostformidablebarriertoeconomicgrowthinpostcolonialAfricaandAsia?
A) Lackofcapital
B) Lackoftechnology
C) Lackofeducationalinstitutions
D) Rapidpopulationgrowth
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:898
Skill:Conceptual
6) EuropeancolonizerscontributedtoAfricanpopulationgrowthbyallofthefollowingmeans
EXCEPT
A) theintroductionofnewfoodsourcesfromtheNewWorld.
B) bybringinganendtolocalwars.
C) byintroducingrailwaylinesthatcutdownonregionalfamines.
D) byencouragingimmigrationoflargenumbersofwhites.
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:898-899
Skill:Conceptual
7) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningpopulationgrowthinthethirdworldismost
accurate?
A) PopulationinAsiahasactuallybeguntodeclineinrecentdecades.
B) TherateofpopulationgrowthofAsiaismuchhigherthanthatofAfrica.
C) TherateofpopulationgrowthofAfricaisgreaterthanthatofAsia.
D) ThepopulationofAfricahasactuallybeguntodeclineinrecentdecades.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:899
Skill:Conceptual
613
8) WhichofthefollowingisNOTafactorinthehighbirthrateofthirdworldnations?
A) Theabilitytoimportfoodtofeedtheincreasedpopulation
B) Resistancetobirthcontrol
C) Socialstatussymbolsattachedtomalevirilityandtheabilityofwomentohavemale
children
D) TheneedtoextendfamilylineagesinAfrica
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:899-900
Skill:Conceptual
9) WhichofthefollowingregionsdoesNOTcontainartificialnations?
A) NorthAmerica
B) Asia
C) Africa
D) TheMiddleEast
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:904-905
Skill:Factual
10) Oneofthechiefby-productsofpopulationgrowthinthirdworldnationshasbeen
A) industrialization.
B) massmigrationstourbanareas.
C) impositionofeffectivestatebirthcontrolprograms.
D) intensiveprogramsoflandredistribution.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:900
Skill:Conceptual
11) Whatdidthirdworldcitieslackthathadmadepossibletheabsorptionofasimilarmigrant
influxintheWest?
A) Expandingindustrialsectors
B) Slums
C) Lowpopulationgrowthinthecountryside
D) Competitionforjobs
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:900
Skill:Conceptual
614
12) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheurbanpoorinthirdworldcitiesismost
accurate?
A) Despitetheirconditionandlargenumbers,theurbanpoorofthethirdworldhavenot
hadapoliticalimpact.
B) Developmentspecialistshaveconcludedthatslumsprovidetheonlyurbanhousingthe
poorarelikelytofind.
C) Citiesinthethirdworld,fueledbytheexistenceofcheaplaborsupply,havebecomethe
mostproductivecentersoftheeconomy.
D) Thirdworldcitiesgenerallydisplaythemarkingsofcarefulurbanplanningintheir
programsofexpansion.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:900-901
Skill:Conceptual
13) WhichofthefollowingisNOTaproblemintheruralenvironmentofthirdworldcountries?
A) Deforestation
B) Depletionofsoils
C) Insufficientlaborsupply
D) Industrialpollution
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:901
Skill:Conceptual
14) Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostcorrectconcerningwomensrolesinthethird
world?
A) Therearemanyopportunitiesforwomenateverylevel.
B) Womenareneverallowedtoholdofficeorpoliticalpower.
C) Womeninpositionsofpoliticalauthorityarewell-connected.
D) Womenareuniversallydeniedtherighttovote.
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:902
Skill:Conceptual
615
15) Onwhathavethirdworldcountriestraditionallydependedtofinanceindustrialization?
A) Developmentofbankingsystems
B) Saleofresourcesleftbehindbycolonizers
C) Profitsofpreviousindustrialization
D) Saleofcashcropsandminerals
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:902
Skill:Conceptual
16) Inwhatexportcommodityhavesomethirdworldnationsbeenabletoimprovetheterms
underwhichtheyparticipateintheglobaleconomy,atleastforperiodsoftime?
A) Oil
B) Coffee
C) Bauxite
D) Cocoa
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:903
Skill:Factual
17) Neocolonialeconomyrefersto
A) EuropesconquestofnewcoloniesinAfricaandAsia.
B) JapansconquestofmuchofAsiaduringWorldWarII.
C) theglobaleconomydominatedbytheindustrialnations.
D) thecreationofcoloniesbyIndiaandthemoreadvancednationsofAfricainthelast
severaldecades.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:905
Skill:Conceptual
616
18) WhichofthefollowingisNOTadrawbacktoacceptinginvestmentcapitalfromfirstand
secondworldnations?
A) Excessivelyhighratesofinterest
B) Requiredmilitaryalliances
C) Requirementsforremovalofstatesubsidiesonfoodandotheressentialitems
D) Commitmentstobuyproductsofinvestors
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:906
Skill:Conceptual
19) WhatwasKwameNkrumahsresponsetothefailureofhisprogramsofsocialreformand
economicuplift?
A) HebecameincreasinglyindebtedtothepowersofEuropeandtheUnitedStates.
B) Heforciblycrushedalloppositionpartiesandassumeddictatorialpowers.
C) HeabandonedAfricancultureandincreasinglyimposedmandatoryWesternization.
D) Heresignedtheprimeministrytohispoliticalopponentsandestablishedaguerilla
movementintheruralcountryside.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:906
Topic:PathstoEconomicGrowthandSocialJustice
Skill:Conceptual
20) KwameNkrumahwasthefirstpost-colonialprimeministerof
A) India.
B) Nigeria.
C) China.
D) Ghana.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:906
Skill:Conceptual
617
21) KwameNkrumahspoliticalandeconomicprograms
A) rejuvenatedGhanaslaggingindustrializationwithmassiveinjectionsfromtheWest.
B) resultedinthecreationofthemostdemocraticgovernmentinAfrica.
C) ledtofaileddevelopmentschemesandhiseventualousterfrompowerin1966.
D) representedthemostthoroughWesternizationprograminAfrica.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:907
Skill:Conceptual
22) OneofthemostcommonelementsofAfricanandAsiangovernmentssincedecolonizationis
A) thecreationofliberaldemocracies.
B) militarytakeovers.
C) communism.
D) effectiveindustrialization.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:908
Skill:Factual
23) WhichofthefollowingcountrieshasNOTexperiencedamilitarytakeoverofitsgovernment?
A) Ghana
B) Vietnam
C) Nigeria
D) India
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:908
Skill:Factual
618
24) WhichofthefollowingreasonswasNOTafactorinexplainingthefrequencyofmilitary
takeoverinthirdworldnations?
A) Regimentationrenderedsoldiersmoreresistanttodivisionbyreligiousandethnic
rivalries.
B) MilitaryforcesinthirdworldnationsoftenreceivedsupportfromtheSovietbloc.
C) Themilitarypossessedamonopolyofforceessentialinrestoringorderduringpolitical
crises.
D) Militarypersonnelpossessedsometechnicaltrainingthatwasoftenlackingamong
civiliannationalistleaders.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:908
Skill:Conceptual
25) Amongtheworstexamplesofmilitaryregimesinthirdworldnationswas
A) Uganda.
B) India.
C) Kenya.
D) Zambia.
Answer: A
Diff:3
PageRef:908
Skill:Factual
26) TheMuslimBrotherhood,anEgyptianreformmovementfoundedin1928,wasledby
A) GamalAbdulNasser.
B) AhmadOrabi.
C) theKhediveFarouk.
D) Hasanal-Banna.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:909
Skill:Factual
619
27) TheMuslimBrotherhoodembracedallofthefollowingEXCEPT
A) afundamentalistapproachtoIslam.
B) thepromotionoftradeunions.
C) non-violence.
D) landreform.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:909
Skill:Conceptual
28) TheKhediveFaroukwastoppledfrompowerin1952byacoupledby
A) theFreeOfficersMovement.
B) theMuslimBrotherhood.
C) theMahdists.
D) BlackSeptember.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:910
Skill:Factual
29) ThemanwhoemergedasheadoftheEgyptiangovernmentfollowingthe1952coupwas
A) GamalAbdulNasser.
B) AhmadOrabi.
C) AnwarSadat.
D) Hasanal-Banna.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:910
Skill:Factual
30) ThemilitarygovernmentofEgyptafter1952attemptedallofthefollowingreformsEXCEPT
A) landredistributionschemeslimitingtheamountoflandasingleindividualcouldown.
B) state-financededucationthroughthecollegelevel.
C) statesubsidiestolowerthepriceoffoodstaples.
D) anisolationistforeignpolicytominimizemilitaryexpenses.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:910
Skill:Conceptual
620
31) TheEgyptiangovernmentwasabletoforcetheBritishandtheirFrenchalliesoutoftheSuez
Canalzonein
A) 1952.
B) 1956.
C) 1961.
D) 1974.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:910
Skill:Factual
32) ThecornerstoneofEgyptiandevelopmentafter1952was
A) theAswandamproject.
B) theconstructionoftheSuezCanal.
C) theirrigationoftheSinai.
D) theconstructionofaMediterraneanportatKhartoum.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:911
Skill:Factual
33) InwhichofthefollowingwaysdidAnwarSadatalterEgyptianpoliciesestablishedbythe
militarygovernmentafter1952?
A) Heincreasedstatecontroloftheeconomy
B) HecreatedstrongertieswiththeSovietUnionasameansofincreasingforeign
investmentinEgypt
C) HeendedthecostlyconfrontationwithIsraelafter1973
D) HeincreasedEgyptiansupportforArabrevolutionarymovements
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:911
Skill:Conceptual
621
34) InwhichofthefollowingwayswasIndiasimilartoEgyptfollowingdecolonization?
A) Levelofindustrialization
B) Emphasisonsocialismandstateintervention
C) Militarytakeoverofgovernment
D) Sizeofthemiddleclass
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:912
Skill:Conceptual
35) Theworldslargestfunctioningdemocracyis
A) Canada.
B) theUnitedStates.
C) India.
D) China.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:912
Skill:Factual
36) Inthefirstdecadesofindependence,Indiawasgovernedby
A) M.K.Gandhi.
B) M.A.Jinnah.
C) M.A.Bhutto.
D) J.Nehru.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:912
Skill:Factual
37) Perhapsmorethananyotherthirdworldnation,Indiahasbeensuccessfulat
A) controllingpopulationgrowth.
B) raisinglivingstandards.
C) equitablelandredistribution.
D) preservingcivilrightsanddemocracy.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:912
Skill:Conceptual
622
38) Whowasbroughttopowerin1979inIranthrougharadicalrevolution?
A) SaddamHussein
B) HosniMubarak
C) AyatollahKhomeini
D) GamalAbdulNasser
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:912
Skill:Factual
39) Inmanyrespects,theIranianrevolutionof1979ismostlike
A) themilitarycoupinEgyptin1952.
B) Gandhisnon-violentresistancetotheBritishRaj.
C) KwameNkrumahsgovernment.
D) theMahdistrevolutionintheSudaninthe1880s.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:912
Skill:Conceptual
40) Iran,unlikeotherareasofthethirdworld,
A) hadnotbeenformallycolonizedbyEuropeanpowers,buthadbeenreducedtoan
informalsphereofinfluence.
B) didnothaveproblemswithinequitablelanddistribution.
C) possessedasubstantialWestern-educatedmiddleclass.
D) washeavilyindustrializedandnotdependentontheexportofcashcropsormineral
wealth.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:913
Skill:Conceptual
41) DevelopmentschemesinIranwereforestalledbecauseof
A) internalbickeringamongthemullahsandayatollahs.
B) alengthyandexhaustingborderwarwithneighboringIraq.
C) IransinvasionofIsrael.
D) theradicalsecularizationofIransgovernment.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:913
Skill:Factual
623
42) WhatEuropeancolonizer,otherthanBritain,wasabletoholdontoitscoloniesinAfricainto
themid-1970s?
A) France
B) Germany
C) TheUnitedStates
D) Portugal
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:914-915
Skill:Factual
43) From1948,SouthAfricanpoliticsweredominatedby
A) theNationalistParty.
B) theblackleadershipoftheZulunation.
C) Britishadministrators.
D) aUNmandategovernmentdominatedbytheU.S.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:915
Skill:Factual
44) WhichofthefollowingwasnotanintendedroleofapartheidinSouthAfrica?
A) Tospreadtheprofitsfromthecountrysmineralwealthtowhereitwoulddothemost
good
B) Economicdominanceforthewhitemajority
C) Monopolyofpoliticalpower
D) Toimposeasystemofextremesegregationonallracesofthecountry
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:915
Skill:Factual
45) WhichofthefollowinggroupswasflourishingundertheruleoftheIranianshahs?
A) Foreigninvestors
B) Theayatollahs
C) Themullahs
D) Smallbazaarmerchants
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:913
Skill:Factual
624
46) WhatwerethehomelandsestablishedbythegovernmentofSouthAfrica?
A) Areasreservedforthewhiteminority
B) Areasdesignatedforthemainethno-linguisticgroupsofindigenouspeopleswithin
SouthAfrica
C) AreasoutsideoftheboundariesofSouthAfricadesignatedforemigrationofindigenous
peoples
D) AreasofSouthAfricainwhichlandredistributionamongtheBoerpopulationhastaken
place
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:915
Skill:Conceptual
47) WhichofthefollowingmethodswasNOTusedbytheSouthAfricangovernmenttosuppress
dissentamongtheblackpopulation?
A) Arrestofoppositionleaders
B) Favoritismshowntosomeleadersinordertodivideopponentsofapartheid
C) Useofspiesandpoliceinformers
D) Useofstateprogramstoimprovetheconditionsoftheblacktownships
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:915
Skill:Conceptual
48) OneofthesignsthatthewhitemajoritywaswillingtonegotiatethefutureofSouthAfrican
politicsandsocietywasthefreeingof
A) SteveBiko.
B) JuliusNyerere.
C) NelsonMandela.
D) JomoKenyatta.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:915
Skill:Factual
625
49) EnfranchisementofalladultSouthAfricansoccurredinwhatyear?
A) 1989
B) 1996
C) 1994
D) 1990
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:915
Skill:Factual
EssayQuestions
1) Whatproblemstendtobetypicalofallthirdworldnations?
Answer: Populationpressure, growingpopulationsoverwhelmnationalresources,restrictability
toachieveeconomicindependence;lackofindustrializationcomplicatedbylackof
investmentcapital;continueddependenceonexportofagriculturalproducts,mineral
wealth;fluctuationofmarketvalueofexportproducts;continueddependenceonglobal
tradenetworkdominatedbyindustrialnationsoffirstandsecondworlds;dramatic
populationshiftstourbanregionsthatcannotprovideemploymentorhousing;creation
ofpotentiallyvolatileunderemployedpopulationsincities.
Diff:2
PageRef:894-906
Skill:Conceptual
2) Howhavewomenfaredinthenewlyindependentnationsofthethirdworld?
Answer: Greaterpoliticalrights, suffragealmostinvariablygranted;greaterlegalrightssuchas
accesstodivorce;actualbenefitsofabovelimitedbytraditionalsocialroles;fewwomen
reachedpositionsofpower;thosethatdidwererelatedtopowerfulmales;noentryinto
administrations;continuedsubjectioninhouseholds;continuedexistenceofdomestic
seclusionandveiling,particularlyinIslamicsocieties;spreadofreligious
fundamentalismhasintensifiedwomenssubordinatestatusinmostsocieties.
Diff:2
PageRef:901-902
Skill:Conceptual
3) CompareandcontrastthepostcolonialgovernmentsofIndiaandEgypt.
Answer: Contrasts:nomilitaryinterventioninIndia,retentionofcivilianrule;Indiahadalarger
industrialandscientificsector,alsobettertransportandcommunicationinfrastructure;
IndiahadlargermiddleclassthanEgypt;Indiastateinterventionineconomylessdirect
thaninEgypt;greateraccesstointernationalcapitalization.Similarities:bothnations
typifiedbyoverwhelmingpopulationgrowththatateupmuchofgains;bothengaged
instatestimulationofeconomy,statefinancededucation,landredistribution(although
largelyunsuccessful).
Diff:2
PageRef:906-912
Skill:Conceptual
626
4) InwhatsensewastheIranianrevolutionof1979athrowbacktothefundamentalistrevoltsof
the19thcentury?
Answer: RevolutionaimedatWesternizedregimethatwasdemonstrablyun -Islamicalthough
composedofindigenousrulers;Khomeiniclaimedtobedivinelyinspiredleaderfor
returntopureformsofIslamtypicalofthedaysoftheProphet;promisedrebelsinstant
paradiseshouldtheyfallduringrevolution;attemptedtospreadIslamicrevolutionto
otherneighboringregimes;continuedconflictofShiaversionsofIslamversusSunni
regimes.
Diff:2
PageRef:912-914
Skill:Conceptual
5) Inwhatsensehastheprocessofdecolonizationbeenapositivemovement?
Answer: Despiteproblems,decolonizationdidresultinindependencefromAsian,European,
andAmericanimperialists;insomecases,notablyIndia,democraticregimeswere
establishedandachievedpoliticalsuccess;althoughindustrializationhasbeenslowto
occur,conditionsofindustrializationnoworsethanconditionsinEuropeduring18th
and19thcenturies,urbansqualor,underemployment,poorhealthcare;difficultto
overcomeburdensofexcessivepopulation;conditionsoflimitedcapitalization,
dependencycreatedbyexternalforcesandimperialists.
Diff:2
PageRef:916-918
Topic:Conclusion:ThePostcolonialExperienceinHistoricalPerspective
Skill:Conceptual
627
Chapter39 RebirthandRevolution:NationBuildingin
EastAsiaandthePacificRim
1) WhowonthecivilwarinChinain1949?
A) Thecommunists
B) Vietnam
C) TheLiberalParty
D) Japan
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:922
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) WhoheadedtheAmericanoccupationgovernmentofJapan?
A) HapArnold
B) OmarBradley
C) DouglasMacArthur
D) DwightD.Eisenhower
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:923
Topic:EastAsiainthePostwarSettlement
Skill:Factual
3) AmericansintroducedallofthefollowingreformstoJapanduringtheiroccupationEXCEPT
A) givingwomenthevote.
B) abolishingShintoismasastatereligion.
C) outlawinglaborunions.
D) makingtheemperorasymbolicfigurehead.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:923
Skill:Conceptual
628
4) WhatpartymonopolizedJapanesegovernmentintothe1990s?
A) Socialist
B) LiberalDemocratic
C) Labor
D) Communist
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:923
Skill:Factual
5) InwhatyeardidtheAmericanoccupationofJapancometoanend?
A) 1945
B) 1947
C) 1952
D) 1955
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:923
Skill:Factual
6) InwhatwaywastherestorationofanindependentKoreacomplicated?
A) KoreahadbecomeacolonyofChina,whichrefusedtorestoreindependence.
B) KoreawasdividedintozonescontrolledbytheU.S.andtheSovietUnion.
C) Koreasgovernmentwasclaimedbysurvivingmembersoftheoldmonarchy.
D) Koreahadnopriorexperienceasanindependentgovernment.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:924
Skill:Conceptual
7) WhowasthepoliticalleaderoftheSoviet-dominatedPeoplesDemocraticRepublicofKorea?
A) SyngmanRhee
B) LeeHoPark
C) KimIl-Sung
D) SoKimChung
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:924
Skill:Factual
629
8) ThefirstleaderoftheU.S.-dominatedRepublicofKoreawas
A) SyngmanRhee
B) LeeHoPark
C) KimIl-Sung
D) SoKimChung
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:924
Skill:Factual
9) InwhatyeardidtheconflictbetweenNorthandSouthKoreacometoatemporaryconclusion
withthesigningofanarmistice?
A) 1947
B) 1950
C) 1953
D) 1964
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:925
Skill:Factual
10) WhocommandedtheUnitedNationstroopswhoparticipatedintheKoreanconflictonbehalf
oftheRepublicofKorea?
A) HapArnold
B) DouglasMacArthur
C) OmarBradley
D) DwightD.Eisenhower
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:924
Skill:Factual
630
11) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelyreflectsthesituationinKoreafollowingthe
KoreanWar?
A) NorthernandsouthernKoreawererapidlyreunitedunderasingle,authoritarian
governmentcontrolledbytheSovietUnion.
B) NorthernKoreathrewoffitstieswithChinaandtheSovietUnionandsoughtacloser
relationshipwiththeU.S.
C) Korearemaineddividedwithrelativelyauthoritariangovernmentsinbothhalvesofthe
dividednation.
D) SouthernKoreabecamefullydemocratic,butmovedclosertopoliticalneutralityduring
thecoldwar.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:925
Skill:Conceptual
12) WhatChineseleaderestablishedanautocraticgovernmentonTaiwanin1948?
A) SunYatsen
B) ShiZilin
C) KimIl-Sung
D) ChiangKai-shek
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:925
Skill:Factual
13) WhichofthefollowingeconomicpowersofthePacificRimremainedaBritishcolonylong
afterWorldWarII?
A) Malaya
B) Indonesia
C) ThePhilippines
D) HongKong
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:925
Skill:Factual
631
14) WhichnationretainedalargeBritishnavalbaseuntil1971?
A) Malaya
B) Taiwan
C) Singapore
D) HongKong
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:925
Skill:Conceptual
15) TheJapanesepoliticalsystemafter1955
A) wasmarkedbyradicalshiftsbetweenpartiesoftheleftandright.
B) wastypifiedbythedominanceofsocialism.
C) revivedmanyoftheoligarchicfeaturesofearlierpoliticaltradition.
D) wasintentonthedestructionofthebigbusinesscombines.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:925
Topic:Japan,Incorporated
Skill:Conceptual
16) WhatwastheonlyweaknessoftheleadershipoftheLiberalDemocraticPartyinJapaninthe
1980s?
A) Inabilitytoprovideeconomicgrowth
B) Corruption
C) AssociationwithmilitarypoliciesofWorldWarII
D) Adoptionofapolicyofnucleararmament
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:926
Skill:Conceptual
17) WhatWesternlabelwasappliedtotheclosecoordinationofJapanesegovernmentand
businessforpromotionofeconomicgrowthandexportexpansion?
A) Japan,Incorporated
B) Business,Japan
C) Toyota,Inc.
D) SonyUnited
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:926
Skill:Factual
632
18) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTafeatureofgovernmentinvolvementinJapaneseindustry?
A) Settingproductiongoals
B) Establishinginvestmentgoals
C) Limitingimports
D) Selectingtheheadsofthemajorcorporations
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:926
Skill:Conceptual
19) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthedevelopmentofJapanesecultureinthe
postwareraismostaccurate?
A) Japaneseculturethrewoffitsconnectionswiththepastandwholeheartedlyembraced
Westernstylesinliterature,drama,andthearts.
B) Japaneseculturewasdefinedbyitsconservatismandretentionofoldformstotheextent
thatWesternforms,particularlyinartandarchitecture,wereunknown.
C) Asidefrominteriordecorationandfilm,Japanesecontributionstoworldculturewere
negligible.
D) BuddhismandShintoismwereofficiallybannedbecauseoftheirassociationwiththe
warlikeJapanesepast.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:926
Skill:Conceptual
20) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTafactorintheamazingeconomicgrowthofJapanfollowing
the1950s?
A) Cheaploansfortechnologicalinnovation
B) Educationalexpansion
C) Agrowingpopulationandareductionintheagriculturallaborforce
D) Arapidlygrowingmilitary-industrialcomplex
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:927
Skill:Conceptual
633
21) Japanproducedadistinctiveeconomiccultureafterthe1950sthatincludedallofthefollowing
featuresEXCEPT
A) astrongtraditionofindependentunions.
B) managerswhodisplayedactiveinterestinsuggestionsbyemployees.
C) anetworkofpoliciesandattitudesthatreflectedoldertraditionsofgroupsolidarity.
D) willingnessamongmanagementtoabidebycollectivedecisionsandlessconcernfor
quickpersonalprofits.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:927
Skill:Conceptual
22) WhichofthefollowingrepresentsasignificantdifferencebetweenJapaneseandWestern
womeninthelater20thcentury?
A) WomeninJapanparticipatedactivelyinleisureactivitieswiththeirhusbands.
B) JapanesewomenhadhigherratesofdivorcethantheirWesterncounterparts.
C) TheJapanesefeministmovementwasconfinedtoasmallnumberofintellectuals.
D) JapanesewomenconcentratedlessondomesticdutiesthanwomenintheWest.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:927-928
Skill:Conceptual
23) Inthe1980stheJapanesegovernmentinvestedconsiderablemoneyinteaching
A) Japanesemotherstobreast-feed.
B) socialetiquetteatgeishahouses.
C) eatingwithchopsticks.
D) Western-styledancing.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:928
Skill:Factual
634
24) WhatnationotherthanJapaninthePacificRimwasthemostobviousexampleofthespread
ofneweconomicdynamism?
A) SouthKorea
B) NorthKorea
C) Vietnam
D) Malaya
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:929
Topic:ThePacificRim:NewJapans?
Skill:Factual
25) WhatleadershipwastypicalofSouthKoreabetween1960andthelate1980s?
A) LiberalDemocratic
B) Socialist
C) Communist
D) Military
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:929
Skill:Factual
26) WhichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelydescribesKoreaneconomicgrowthafter
1950?
A) Economicgrowthwaslimitedtoproductionofporcelainandsilksforexport.
B) KoreaneconomicgrowthwasmuchslowerthanthatofJapan.
C) Koreaneconomicgrowthwasdependentonsmall,government -financedcorporations
producinglimitedquantitiesofgoodswithlittleadvancedtechnology.
D) Koreawasablebythe1970stocompetesuccessfullyintheareasofsteel,automobiles,
andcheapconsumergoods.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:929
Skill:Conceptual
635
27) Whichofthefollowingcompaniesexemplifiestheeconomicgrowthandpoliticalinfluenceof
Koreancorporations?
A) Hyundai
B) Sony
C) Mitsubishi
D) Magnavox
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:929
Skill:Factual
28) In1978theUnitedStatesgovernment
A) recognizedTaiwanasamost-favoredtradingpartner.
B) severeditsdiplomatictieswithTaiwanandrecognizedthelegitimacyofthecommunist
governmentofmainlandChina.
C) offeredsignificantmilitaryaidtoTaiwaninitscontinuingoppositiontocommunismin
Asia.
D) supportedTaiwansinvasionofQuemoyandMatsu.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:930
Skill:Factual
29) Taiwansgreatesttradepartnerwas
A) mainlandChina.
B) theU.S.
C) Japan.
D) HongKong.
Answer: C
Diff:3
PageRef:930
Skill:Factual
636
30) WhendidLeeKuanYew,primeministerofTaiwan,takeoffice?
A) 1955
B) 1965
C) 1975
D) 1985
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:930
Skill:Factual
31) WhatforeignpowerdidtheChineseCommunistsfightinthe1930sand1940s?
A) TheUnitedStates
B) Russia
C) Japan
D) Britain
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:933
Topic:MaosChinaandBeyond
Skill:Conceptual
A) AfterthecivilwarthatbroughttheCommuniststopower,thecountrywasrapidly
demilitarized.
B) ThePeoplesLiberationArmy,thesourceoftheCommunistrisetopower,gained
dominanceovertheCommunistParty.
C) MostofChinawasadministeredbycivilianbureaucratsrecruitedfromtheold
Confucianscholar-gentry.
D) ThearmyremainedclearlysubordinatetotheCommunistParty,withcadreadvisors
attachedtomilitarycontingents.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:935
Skill:Conceptual
637
33) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningChineseforeignpolicyduringthe1950sand
1960sisNOTaccurate?
A) TheChineseintervenedmilitarilyintheconflictbetweenNorthandSouthKorea,forcing
theUnitedStatestosettleforastalemateapermanentdivisionofthecountry.
B) TheclosecollaborationbetweentheSovietUnionandChinathatmarkedtheearlyyears
ofMaosrulebrokedown.
C) Chinawasabletoachieveaclosealliancewiththeemergingthirdworldgovernmentin
IndiaasameansofunitingthemajorpowersofAsia.
D) Chinabecamethefirstnon-industrialnationtoexplodeanucleardevice.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:935
Skill:Conceptual
34) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningChinesedomesticpoliciesduringthe1950sand
1960sismostaccurate?
A) Despitepledgesmadeduringthecivilwar,theCommunistPartyfailedtoundertake
substantiallandredistributionprograms.
B) Withtheintroductionofthefirstfive-yearplanin1953,theCommunistleadership
turnedawayfromthepeasantry.
C) IncreasinglyMaocametoembracetheoldConfucianconceptofabureaucraticeliteas
themeansofgovernment.
D) Maosprimarytrustcametorestinagroupofintellectualsassociatedwiththe
UniversityofBeijing.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:935
Skill:Conceptual
35) Maos1958programofpushingindustrializationthroughsmall -scaleprojectsintegratedinto

thepeasantcommuneswascalled
A) theMayFourthprogram.
B) ThousandFlowersBloom.
C) theGreatLeapForward.
D) theLongMarch.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:936
Skill:Factual
638
36) Unlikemostthirdworldcountries,Chinarespondedtoitspopulationprobleminthe
mid-1960sby
A) acceptingUNproposalsforbirthcontrolprograms.
B) limitingurbancouplestotwochildrenandruralcouplestoone.
C) refusingtoadoptanybirthcontrolprogramsinordertofostermorecommunistchildren.
D) allowingunrestrictedbirthsamongthepeasantry,butlimitingurbancouplestoone
child.
Answer: B
Diff:3
PageRef:936
Skill:Factual
37) By1960,Maolosthispositionasstatechairman
A) becauseofthegeneralandcatastrophicfailureoftheGreatLeapForward.
B) whenhewasassassinatedbyadisgruntledintellectual.
C) whenheproposedthedestructionofBuddhistmonasteriesthroughoutChina.
D) followingthedefeatofChineseforcesinVietnam.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:937
Skill:Conceptual
38) WhichofthefollowingpragmatistscametopowerfollowingMaosfallin1960?
A) LiDizhao
B) ChiangKai-shek
C) JiangQing
D) ZhouEnlai
Answer: D
Diff:3
PageRef:937
Skill:Factual
639
39) WhichofthefollowingprincipleswasNOTpartoftheChineseCommunistPartyattitudes
towardswomen?
A) Womenshouldachievelegalequality
B) Careeropportunitiesshouldbeopentowomen,whoshouldworkoutsideofthe
household
C) Virtueismoreimportantforwomenthanlearning
D) Womenholduphalfoftheheavens
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:937
Skill:Conceptual
40) Maoslastcampaign,launchedin1965,wasthe
A) LongMarch.
B) CulturalRevolution.
C) GreatLeapForward.
D) MayFourthmovement.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:938
Skill:Factual
41) TheGangofFourwere
A) thetemporarilydismissedpragmatists,whosoughttoremoveMaofrompower.
B) Britain,Japan,theSovietUnion,andtheUnitedStates wereidentifiedbyMaoasChinas
chiefrivals.
C) JiangQingandthreeallieswhocontestedforpowerwiththepragmatistsonbehalfof
theagingMao.
D) universityintellectualsidentifiedascapitalistroadersduringtheCulturalRevolution.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:939
Skill:Factual
640
42) Duringthe1980s,allofthefollowingweretypicaloftheChinesegovernmentEXCEPT
A) encouragementofprivatemarketproductionforthepeasantry.
B) privateenterprisewithintheindustrialsector.
C) dominationbythepragmatists.
D) democraticreform.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:940
Skill:Conceptual
43) InwhichofthefollowingwayswerethepreconditionsforrevolutioninVietnamNOTsimilar
tothoseinChina?
A) PossessionofapolitybasedontheConfuciansystemofChina
B) Failureofimperialgovernmenttorespondtoforeigninterventionleadingtocomplete
collapseofdynasticsystem
C) ActualcolonizationbyaEuropeanpower
D) Radicalratherthangradualistsolutionstoreconstruction
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:940
Topic:ColonialismandRevolutioninVietnam
Skill:Conceptual
44) Fromthe17thcentury,VietnamhadbeenpartofthecolonialsystemofwhatEuropean
power?
A) Britain
B) Portugal
C) Spain
D) France
Answer: D
Diff:1
PageRef:940
Skill:Factual
641
45) TheVietnameserebellionthattoppledboththeTrinhandtheNguyendynastiesofthe18th
centurywasthe
A) Tayson.
B) Boxer.
C) Mekong.
D) ChuLai.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:940
Skill:Factual
46) TheFrenchintervenedinthe18thcenturyVietnameserebellionandsupported
A) theChuLai.
B) theTayson.
C) NguyenAnh.
D) HongTrinh.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:940
Skill:Factual
47) Theoutcomeofthe18th-centuryVietnameserebellionwas
A) theunificationofthecountryunderasingleemperoratHue.
B) theexpulsionoftheFrenchfromVietnam.
C) thevictoryoftheTaysonandthecreationofanewdynastyunderChuLai.
D) thedestructionofallrebelsbytheFrenchandtheestablishmentofdirectFrench
administration.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:940
Skill:Conceptual
48) BywhatdecadedidtheFrenchmanagetoachievecontrolofallofVietnam?
A) 1810s
B) 1840s
C) 1870s
D) 1890s
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:941
Skill:Factual
642
49) InwhatwaywastheearlynationalistorganizationinVietnamsimilartootherthirdworld
nations?
A) ItwascomposedofaWestern-educatedmiddleclass
B) ItwasmodeledontheMarxismoftheCommunistPartyofRussia
C) Itwasdrawnalmostentirelyfromthepeasantry
D) Itsgoalswereentirelypeaceful
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:941
Skill:Conceptual
50) TheVietnamesenationalistsin1954decisivelydefeatedtheFrenchatthebattleof
A) Hue.
B) Hanoi.
C) QangDiep.
D) DienBienPhu.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:942
Skill:Factual
51) InordertoopposetheCommunistgovernmentofNorthVietnam,theUnitedStatesdecidedto
propupapro-U.S.regimeintheSouthunder
A) HoChiMinh.
B) GeneralGiap.
C) NgoDinhDiem.
D) NguyenTrinh.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:943
Skill:Factual
643
52) CommunistoppositiontotheU.S.-supportedgovernmentinSouthVietnamwasreferredtoas
the
A) VietCong.
B) VietMinh.
C) VNQDD.
D) Tayson.
Answer: A
Diff:1
PageRef:1943
Skill:Factual
EssayQuestions
1) DiscusssimilaritiesinthepreconditionsofrevolutioninChinaandVietnam.
Answer: Bothsufferedheavilyfromtheassaultsandexploitivetermsofexchangeimposedby
theimperialistpowers;eachcontendedwithunderdevelopment,overpopulation,and
poverty;bothsawtheirancienttraditions,embodiedintheConfuciansystem,collapse
infaceofoutsideinfluenceandfailureofConfucian-styleelitestoorganizeresistance;
bothcountriesgainedlittle,ifanything,fromyearsofEuropeandomination;both
alreadyhad,priortoWesternincursion,astrongsenseofidentity,commonlanguage,
andunifyingpolity.
Diff:2
PageRef:933-945
Topic:Introduction
Skill:Conceptual
2) HowdidMaospoliciesconcerningthepeasantryimpacttheChinesestate?
Answer: Maodeclaredinfavorofpeasantrevolution;earlyemphasisonupliftofpeasantry,
redistributionofland;Maoremaineddistrustfulofsmallelites,continuedtofavor
peasantrevolution;ledtoseriesofpurgeslaterinMaosregime.
Diff:2
PageRef:933-940
Skill:Conceptual
3) InwhatwaysdidMaosconceptofapeasantrevolutionleadtospecificshiftsindomestic
policyduringhisrule?
Answer: Following1949victoryoverChiangandNationalists,Maoenactedpeasantland
reforms;in1953CommunistPartyintroducedfirstfive -yearplantoindustrialize
accompaniedbyincreasedstateplanning,growthoftechnocraticbureaucracy;Mao
repudiateddevelopmentofelitebyMassLineapproachin1955,attackonintellectuals
in1957;GreatLeapForwardannouncedin1958intendedtomoveindustrializationto
ruralcommunes;failedby1960;lastattackonelitesinCulturalRevolutionin1965.
Diff:2
PageRef:933-940
Skill:Conceptual
644
4) InwhatwayshavetheCommunistregimesofVietnamandChinaretainedtiesto
thetraditionalculturesoftheregion?
Answer: Althoughtraditionalimperial,Confuciandynastiesweredestroyed,some
conceptstypicalofancientChinesecultureretained;stillbiasagainst
commercialandbusinessclasses;emphasisonnecessityofrulerstopromotethe
welfareofthemassofthepeople;ideologicalsystemsstresssecular,social
harmony;lackofreligiousemphasis;continuedsenseofculturalsuperiority;
reassertionofelitistthinkingandbureaucraticcontrolinChina;continued
patternsoffamilyandhouseholdfrompast.
Diff:2
PageRef:945
Topic:Conclusion:RevolutionsandCivilizationsinChinaandVietnam
Skill:Conceptual
5) HowdidtheexperienceofdecolonizationinVietnamdifferfromthatofmostthirdworld
nations?
Answer: Mostthirdworlddecolonizationachievedwithoutviolence;Vietnameseexperience
totallyviolent;FrenchrulepromotedVietnamesesenseofseparateidentity;Confucian
traditionregardedFrenchasbarbarians;anyVietnamesewhosupportedFrenchrule
wasregardedasatraitor;notraditionofpeacefulcolonialismasinmostthirdworld
nations;failureofConfucianempiretoresistforeignersledtocompleteabandonment;
leftnoculturaltraditiontodefend;ledtoradicalrevolutionarymeans;nostrong
religiousbasisasculturalunity;Frenchdestroyedbourgeoispoliticalorganizations.
Diff:2
PageRef:940-945
Skill:Conceptual
645
Chapter40 TheEndoftheColdWarandtheShapeofa
NewEra:WorldHistory1990-2006
1) WhichofthefollowingfactorsdidNOTplayaroleinthedemiseofcommunism?
A) Sovietleadership
B) ReassertionofeasternEuropeaninitiative
C) WesternEuropesthrivingEconomy
D) ThesteadfastnessofChinesepolicy
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:949-950
Topic:TheEndoftheColdWar
Skill:Conceptual
2) Anewstrategicarmstreatycalled________wasnegotiatedbetweenthesuperpowersin1979.
A) SALTI
B) SALTII
C) START
D) STOP
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:950
Skill:Factual
3) WhichofthefollowingwasnotasignificantchangeinChinesepolicyinthelate1970s?
A) Thedecisiontoparticipateintheworldeconomy
B) Thedecisiontorelaxpoliticalcontrols
C) ThedecisiontoadmitmoremarketforcesintoChina
D) ThedecisiontoallowcompetitivefreeenterprisewithinChina
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:950
Skill:Factual
646
4) Inprotestagainstthe1979invasionofAfghanistanbytheSovietUnion,theU.S.
A) boycottedtheUnitedNations.
B) threatenednuclearwar.
C) invadedIraq.
D) boycottedthe1980MoscowWinterOlympics.
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:950
Skill:Factual
5) WhatRussianleadersignificantlyalteredpolitical,diplomatic,andeconomicpoliciesinthe
SovietUnionafter1985?
A) YuriAndropov
B) LeonidBrezhnev
C) MikhailGorbachev
D) YuriGagarin
Answer: C
Diff:1
PageRef:951
Skill:Factual
6) Thetermperestroikarefersto
A) anewfreedomtocommentandcriticizetheSovietgovernment.
B) economicrestructuringandmoreleewayforprivateownership.
C) theSovietspaceprogram.
D) theestablishmentofaliberaldemocracy.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:952
Skill:Conceptual
7) Inwhichofthefollowingnationsdidoutrightviolenceleadtotheoverthrowofan
authoritarianCommunistleader?
A) Czechoslovakia
B) Poland
C) EastGermany
D) Romania
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:953
Skill:Factual
647
8) WhichofthefollowwasNOTafactorleadingtostagnationofindustrialproductioninthe
SovietUnion?
A) Shortageofrawresourcesandmaterials
B) Rigidcentralplanning
C) Healthproblems
D) Poorworkermorale
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:951
Skill:Factual
9) AllofthefollowingwerereformsofMikhailGorbachevEXCEPT
A) relaxationofmediarestrictions.
B) thedividingoftheSovietUnionintoitsoriginalstates.
C) thereductionofnucleararms.
D) theendingoftheSoviet-Afghaniwar.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:952-953
Skill:Factual
10) In1988,Gorbachevencouragedanewparliamentwithinhiscountrycalled
A) theLeagueofStalin.
B) thePeoplesDomain.
C) theCongressofPeoplesDeputies.
D) theDiet.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:952
Skill:Factual
11) Inthiscountry,theCommunistPartyrenameditselfSocialistin1988.
A) Hungary
B) Bulgaria
C) Czechoslovakia
D) Romania
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:953
Skill:Factual
648
12) Thiscountrypushedforeconomicliberalizationin1987butwasheldbackbytheSoviet
centralstate.
A) Hungary
B) Bulgaria
C) Albania
D) Romania
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:953
Skill:Factual
13) Thiscountryinstalledanon-communistgovernmentin1988.
A) Hungary
B) Romania
C) Poland
D) Albania
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:953
Skill:Factual
14) Germanreunificationoccurredinwhatyear?
A) 1991
B) 1990
C) 1988
D) 1995
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:953
Skill:Factual
15) WhichofthefollowingisnotaminoritynationalityregionoftheformerYugoslaviannation?
A) Bosnia
B) Muria
C) Serbia
D) Croatia
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:954
Skill:Factual
649
16) WhichofthefollowingisnotoneoftheBalticstates?
A) Estonia
B) Latvia
C) Lithuania
D) Ukraine
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:956
Skill:Factual
17) In1991,BorisYeltsinemergedasheadofwhatmajorSovietRepublic?
A) Belarus
B) Russia
C) Ukraine
D) Georgia
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:956
Skill:Factual
18) TheformerSovietUniongavewaytothe
A) SovietCommonwealth
B) UnitedStatesofRussia
C) CommonwealthofIndependentStates
D) RussianCommonwealth
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:956
Skill:Factual
19) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaconcernwithintheformerSovietUnion?
A) InvasionbytheWest
B) Economiccoordination
C) Controlofthemilitary
D) RelationshipsbetweentheformerSovietstates
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:957
Skill:Factual
650
20) ThismansucceededYeltsinasleaderofRussia.
A) Tastin
B) Shovin
C) Putin
D) Estin
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:956
Skill:Factual
21) Theendofthecoldwarwasassociatedwithwhatlargetrendintheworldattheendofthe
20thcentury?
A) Therapidindustrializationofthethirdworld
B) Thespreadofmultipartydemocracy
C) Theendingofworldhunger
D) ThedismantlingofWesternarmedforces
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:957
Skill:Factual
22) WhichofthefollowingcountriesdidNOTexperiencedemocraticrestructuringinthe
mid-1970s?
A) Spain
B) Germany
C) Portugal
D) Greece
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:957
Skill:Factual
651
23) Duringthe1990s,whichofthefollowingLatinAmericancountrieswasnotadaptingto
democracy?
A) Argentina
B) Cuba
C) Chile
D) Panama
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:957
Skill:Factual
24) TheheaviestpopulatedcountryonthecontinentofAfricais
A) SouthAfrica.
B) Nigeria.
C) theIvoryCoast.
D) Tanzania.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:958
Skill:Factual
25) Aftertheendofthecoldwar,whichofthefollowingcountriesremainedasuperpower?
A) Russia
B) TheSovietUnion
C) TheUnitedStates
D) GreatBritain
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:963
Topic:TheGreatPowersandNewDisputes
Skill:Factual
26) WhichcountrywasattackedbyIslamicmilitantsonSeptember11,2001?
A) TheUnitedStates
B) China
C) Russia
D) Romania
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:966
Skill:Factual
652
27) WhichofthefollowingcountriesdidtheUSinvadein2003?
A) Iran
B) NorthKorea
C) Iraq
D) Russia
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:967
Skill:Factual
28) ThePersianGulfWarof1991wasinresponsetotheIraqiinvasionof
A) Israel
B) Kuwait
C) Syria
D) Iran
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:961
Skill:Factual
29) ThecommoncurrencyoftheEuropeanUnioniscalledthe
A) dollar.
B) euro.
C) dinero.
D) peso.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:963
Skill:Factual
30) WhobecamepresidentoftheU.S.in2001?
A) AlGore
B) GeorgeW.Bush
C) DickCheney
D) BillClinton
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:966
Skill:Factual
653
31) TheattackontheNewYorksWorldTradeCenterin2001ledtotheinvasionofwhatcountry?
A) Iran
B) NorthKorea
C) Kuwait
D) Afghanistan
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:967
Skill:Factual
32) TheformercountryofCzechoslovakiahasnowsplitintowhattwonations?
A) BosniaandSlovakia
B) MoldviaandSlovakia
C) TheCzechRepublicandSlovakia
D) CroatiaandSlovakia
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:960
Skill:Factual
33) Ontwooccasionsduringthe1990s,theRussianmilitaryhadtoputdownrevoltsinthis
Muslimregion.
A) Ukraine
B) Modavia
C) Chechnya
D) Chernyenko
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:960
Skill:Factual
34) WhatcountryexperiencedpoliticalprotestsinTinanmenSquareinJune1989?
A) Russia
B) Britain
C) China
D) TheUnitedStates
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:958
Topic:Globalization
Skill:Factual
654
35) WhatisthenameofthedisputedterritoryaroundwhichIndiaandPakistanhaveclashed?
A) Kashmir
B) Nepal
C) Iraq
D) SouthIndia
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:961
Topic:Globalization
Skill:Factual
EssayQuestions
1) WhatstrainsappearedincommunismineasternEuropethateventuallyledtoitscollapse?
Answer: Sovietleadershipwasconservative,warinAfghanistan,successofwesternEurope,
Chinesemovetowardsmarketeconomy,aggressivepolicyoftheUSunderReagan,and
inabilitytomaintainmilitaryspendingwithastagnatingeconomy.
Diff:2
PageRef:949-951
Skill:Conceptual
2) HowdidthereformsofMikhailGorbachevleadtothecollapseofcommunismineastern
Europe?
Answer: Glasnostintroducedagreaterfreedom,perestroikaintroducedmarketreformsbut
economystillstagnated,GorbachevallowedeasternEuropetomoveawayfromthe
SovietsandeventuallyoverthrowtheirproSovietregimesin1989,andunderthestrain
ofreformersandinternalrevoltofnationalitiestheSovietUnioncollapsedin1991.
Diff:2
PageRef:951-956
Topic:TheAgeofReform
Skill:Conceptual
3) Inwhatpartsoftheworlddiddemocracyincreasesincethe1970s?
Answer: AuthoritarianregimesinSpain,PortugalandGreececollapsedinthe1970s,
dictatorshipsinLatinAmericabegantocollapseinthe1980s,andcommunism
collapsedinthe1990s,
Diff:2
PageRef:957-960
Topic:TheSpreadofDemocracy
Skill:Conceptual
4) Whatpartsoftheworldcontinuedtoenduremilitaryconflictsattheendofthe20thcentury?
Answer: BreakupofYugoslavia,PersianGulfWar,Israeli-Palestineconflict,tensionsbetween
IndiaandPakistanoverKashmir,andgenocideinRwanda.
Diff:2
PageRef:961-962
Topic:EndemicandEthnicConflicts
Skill:Conceptual
655
5) WhywastheUSattackedonSeptember11,2001?
Answer: RiseofIslamicfundamentalism,hostilitytowardstheWestandparticularlytheUS,the
GulfWarandstationingofUStroopsinSaudiArabia,andUSsupportforIsraeland
authoritarianregimesintheMiddleEast.
Diff:2
PageRef:966-967
Topic:Anti-AmericanTerrorismandResponse
Skill:Conceptual
656
Chapter41 GlobalizationandResistance:WorldHistory
1990-2006
1) NAFTAstandsforthe
A) NorthAtlanticFreeTradeAgreement.
B) NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement.
C) NorthAtlanticFreeTradeAmalgamation.
D) NorthAmericanFreeTradeAmalgamation.
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:978
Skill:Factual
2) Theincreasedinterconnectednessofallpartsoftheworldiscalled
A) gradualism.
B) universalism.
C) globalization.
D) SpaceshipEarth.
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:971
Topic:Globalization
Skill:Factual
3) WhichofthefollowingisNOTanewdevelopmentregardingtheglobalizationoftheEarth?
A) Advancesincreatingaprototypeuniversallanguage
B) Theendofthecoldwarledtonewopportunitiesforglobalcommunication
C) Advancedtechnicaldevelopments
D) Theadjustmentofpeopleseverywheretothenotionofglobalcommunications
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:971-973
Topic:Globalization
Skill:Factual
657
4) Possiblythemostimportanttechnologicalinnovationincommunicationsinthe1990swould
be
A) thecellularphone.
B) theInternet.
C) thepersonalcomputer.
D) satellitetelevision.
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:972
Topic:Globalization
Skill:Factual
5) TheGermanVolkswagonbugcarisproducedinwhatcountry?
A) TheUnitedStates
B) Mexico
C) Canada
D) Germany
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:973
Topic:Globalization
Skill:Factual
6) Intheyear2000,whatwasthepercentageofAmericanhouseholdsinwhichEnglishwasnot
theprimarylanguage?
A) 50
B) 25
C) 10
D) Five
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:974
Topic:Globalization
Skill:Factual
658
7) Thetextbookmentionsthiscompanyasthemoststrikinginternationalculturalinfluencesince
the1970s.
A) Nike
B) McDonalds
C) Ford
D) Sony
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:974
Topic:Globalization
Skill:Conceptual
8) NorthernMexicoembracedtheAmericanholidayofHalloween,displacingwhattraditional
Catholicobservance?
A) Passover
B) Easter
C) AllSaintsDay
D) Theconfessional
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:975
Topic:Globalization
Skill:Factual
9) Onthewhole,politicalinstitutionsglobalizedatwhatratecomparedtotechnologyor
business?
A) Ataboutthesamepace
B) Lessrapidly
C) Morerapidly
D) Politicalinstitutionsneverglobalize
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:978
Topic:Globalization
Skill:Factual
659
10) WhichofthefollowingisNOTanissueraisedagainsteconomicglobalization?
A) Damagetolaborconditionsthroughuseofcheapworkers
B) Damagetotheenvironment
C) Itspaceistooslow
D) Rampantconsumerism
Answer: C
Diff:2
PageRef:976-977
Topic:Globalization
Skill:Conceptual
11) WhichofthefollowingisNOTatrendrunningcountertoglobalization?
A) Nationalism
B) Religiousdifferences
C) Ethniccompetition
D) TheInternet
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:979-981
Topic:Globalization
Skill:Factual
12) Whatreligionspreadrapidlyinthe1990sthroughoutLatinAmerica?
A) Hinduism
B) Protestantfundamentalism
C) Islam
D) OrthodoxChristianity
Answer: B
Diff:2
PageRef:979
Topic:Globalization
Skill:Factual
13) AmajorconferenceinKyoto,Japan,setlimitson
A) greenhousegasemissions.
B) communism.
C) racism.
D) politicalfundamentalism
Answer: A
Diff:2
PageRef:984
Topic:Globalization
Skill:Conceptual
660
14) Bytheendofthelastcentury,whatpercentageofhumanityconsumedawhoppingfour -fifths

ofallmarketedgoodsandservices?
A) Four-fifths
B) One-half
C) Two-thirds
D) One-fifth
Answer: D
Diff:2
PageRef:981
Topic:Globalization
Skill:Conceptual
EssayQuestions
1) Whatisglobalizationandwhataretheprocessesthathaveledtoglobalization?
Answer: Globalizationistheincreasinginterconnectednessofallpartsoftheworld.Political,
demographic,culturalandtechnologicalchanges.Therehasbeenanintensificationof
internationalcontacts(moreextensivetrade,worldwidealliancesystems,cultural
exchanges).
Diff:2
PageRef:971-978
Topic:ANewPeriodinWorldHistory
Skill:Conceptual
2) Whattrendsinpoliticalorganizationandeconomicdevelopmentcanbeidentifiedwith
globalization?
Answer: MajorindustrialnationsliketheUnitedStatesandorganizationssuchastheWorld
BankandInternationalMonetaryFundhavepromotedglobalization.Economictrends
basedonindustrialization;gapsremainwidebasedonlevelofindustrializationand
sophisticationoftechnology;createdimmigration,impactonurbanization.
Diff:2
PageRef:973-978
Topic:ExtrapolatingTrendsinWorldSocieties
Skill:Conceptual
3) Inwhatwayshasglobalizationofferedevidenceofhumanprogress?Whatproblemshasit
produced?
Answer: Progress:advancesintechnologicalsophisticationandscientificknowledgeallows
abilitytomanagehumanandnaturalenvironment,withbettermeanstopreserve
healthandimprovelifeexpectancyandincreaseinconsumergoods.Problemsinclude
disparitiesinwealth,anddestructionofnationalculturesandtheenvironment.
Diff:2
PageRef:971-984
Topic:OptimismorPessimism
Skill:Conceptual
661
4) Theauthorspostulateseveralpotentialcausalfactorsimpactingcivilizationinthefuture,
includingpopulationgrowth,theexhaustionoffrontiers,andtechnologicaladvances
associatedwiththepostindustrialworld.Evaluatetheimpactsuchfactorsarelikelytohave
onthefuture.
Answer: In1960sand1970s,therewaswidespreadconcernthatpopulationgrowthwould
outstripproductionoffoodandresourcesandleadtoenvironmentaldisasterand
warfare;dropinbirthrateshascausedthisproblemtobediscountedby1990salthough
birthratesremaindangerouslyhigh;endoffrontiersmeansgreaterpotentialfor
friction,seennowinhostilitytowardimmigrants;nomorepopulationmigrations
possible,leadingtopotentialconflictoverspace.Technologicaldevelopments
(computers,geneticengineering,robotics)linkedtocreationofpostindustrialsociety
mosttypicalofadvancedindustrialstates;ledtoservice-orientedeconomywith
machinesperformingmostindustrialtasksandmuchofagriculturalproductionaswell;
fostersagenerallyoptimisticviewofindustrializedsociety,thoughcriticsemphasize
increaseininequalitiesinworldeconomy;othersarguethattechnological
transformationsarenotfundamentalbutmerelyreinforceexistingtrends.
Diff:2
PageRef:984-986
Topic:ForecastingbyaSingleCausalFactor
Skill:Conceptual
5) Discusstheeconomicandculturalaspectsofglobalization.
Answer: Speedoftransportationandcommunication,worldtrade,developmentofinternational
scientificcommunity;internationalartisticstyles,popularityofWesternfashions,fads,
andsports.
Diff:2
PageRef:971--981
Topic:Regions,Civilizations,andWorldForces
Skill:Conceptual
662

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Chapter 2 The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa

Chapter 3 Asias First Civilizations: India and China

Chapter 4 Unification and the Consolidation of Civilization in China

Chapter 5 Classical Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia and Greece

Chapter 6 Religious Rivalries in Indias Golden Age

Rome and its Empire

Chapter 8 The Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas

Chapter 9 The Spread of Civilization and the Movement of Peoples

Chapter 10 The End of the Classical Era: World History in Transition,

Chapter 13 African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam

Chapter 14 Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe

Chapter 15 A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe

Chapter 16 The Americas on the Eve of Invasion

Chapter 18 The Spread of Chinese Civilizations: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam

Chapter 20 The West and the Changing World Balance

Chapter 21 The World Economy

Chapter 22 The Transformation of the West, 1450-1750

Chapter 23 The Rise of Russia

Chapter 24 Early Latin America

Chapter 26 The Muslim Empires

Chapter 27 Asian Transitions in an Age of Global Change

Chapter 28 The Emergence of Industrial Society in the West, 1750-1914

Chapter 29 Industrialization and Imperialism: The Making of the European

Chapter 30 The Consolidation of Latin America, 1830-1920

Chapter 31 Civilizations in Crisis: The Ottoman Empire, The Islamic Heartlands

Chapter 32 Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside the West

Chapter 34 The World Between the Wars: Revolutions, Depression, and

Chapter 37 Latin America: Revolution and Reaction in the 21 Century

Chapter 41 Globalization and Resistance: World History, 1990-2006

26) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTavarna inAryansociety?

39) WhichofthefollowingstatementswasNOTanaspectofthe shi administrationduringthe

12) Intheearlieststagesofcity-statedevelopment,thepoleis werelargelyruledby

13) Whatwerethecausesforthedisputesthataroseafter700B.C.inthecity -statesofGreece?

19) TheAthenianempireofthefifthcenturyB.C.grewfromanallianceofcity -statescalledthe

20) WhenwerethetwogreatIndianepics,theMahabharata andtheRamayanawritten?

48) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningAndeanayllus ismostcorrect?

17) Whichofthefollowingrepresentsamountingpressureforchangeinpre -Islamicsociety?

30) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheulama ismostaccurate?

48) WhatgroupofpeopleswereresponsiblefortheconquestofKievanRussiain1237 -1238?

37) Inthe12thcentury,whatParisianscholar , theauthorofYesandNo, utilizedlogictoexamine

13) WhatwastheattitudeoftheTangemperorstowardtheConfucianscholar -gentry?

38) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningurbanizationinChinaduringtheTang -Song

43) WhichofthefollowingwasNOTatechnologicalinnovationoftheTang -Songera?

47) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthestatusofwomenintheTang -Songerais

18) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthenatureofwarfareamongthe bushiismost

19) Whatwastheimpactoftheriseofthesamurai onthepeasantryinJapan?

21) Between1180and1185thestrugglebetweenthetwomajorprovincialfamilies ,theTairaand

26) Whattitlewasgiventothemilitaryleaderofthe bakufu atKamakura?

33) Howdidtheprinciplesofwarfarechangeunderthe daimyos?

17) WhatproportionoftheEuropeanpopulationdiedasaresultofthe14th -centuryplague?

25) WhatItaliancity-statewasbestplacedtoengageinthenew,Western -orientedcommercial

16) Thecolonialgovernmentsreplacedthelaboroftheencomienda withIndianlaborextracted

45) InwhatyearwastheTokugawaShogunate founded,markingthereestablishmentofcentral

37) TheleaderoftheliberalrebellioninMexicocalledLaReforma was

41) Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthestatusofwomeninpost -independence

46) FollowingJua rezsdeathin1876,whosucceededaspresidentandpoliticalleaderofMexico?

35) BritishoccupationofEgyptmeantdoublecolonization bytheBritishand

44) ThecenteroftheCommunistPartyinChinafrom1934tothemid -1940swas

35) Maos1958programofpushingindustrializationthroughsmall -scaleprojectsintegratedinto

14) Bytheendofthelastcentury,whatpercentageofhumanityconsumedawhoppingfour -fifths

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