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Average
g absolute p
permeability
y
Weighted-average permeability
H
Harmonic-average
i
permeability
bilit
Geometric-average permeability
Timur (1968)
The Morris-Biggs Equation (1967)
Permeability Averages
Average
g Absolute Permeability
y
Permeability Averages
Weighted-average permeability:
This averaging
g g method is used to
determine the average permeability of
layered-parallel beds with different
permeabilities.
Consider the case where the flow
system is comprised of three parallel
layers (with equal width) that are
separated from one another by thin
impermeable barriers, i.e., no cross flow,
as shown
h
in
i the
th Figure.
Fi
P1
flow
P2
Permeability Averages
Weighted-average permeability:
Layer 1
Q1 =
k1wh1P
L
Layer 2
QT =
k 2 wh 2 P
Q2 =
L
Layer 3
Q3 =
k 3 wh 3P
L
k avg wh t P
L
where,
QT = total flow rate
kavg = average permeability for the entire model
w = width of the formation
P = P1 - P2
hT = total thickness
Permeability Averages
Weighted-average permeability:
Or:
k avg wh T P
L
k1wh1P k 2 wh 2 P k 3 wh 3P
=
+
+
L
L
L
k avg h T = k1h1 + k 2 h 2 + k 3 h 3
n
k avgg
k 1h 1 + k 2 h 2 + k 3 h 3
=
=
hT
k h
j =1
n
h
j =1
Permeability Averages
Weighted-average permeability:
P1
k avg =
k h w
j =1
n
h w
j =1
k
j =1
n
Aj
A
j =1
flow
P2
Permeability Averages
Harmonic-Average Permeability
PT = P1 + P2 + P3
k1
k2
k3
Permeability Averages
Harmonic-Average Permeability
k avgg
LT
=
=
L1 L 2 L 3
+
+
k1 k 2 k 3
L
j=1
n
Lj
k
j=1
Permeability Averages
Harmonic-Average Permeability
k avg
lln(r
( e /r
/ w)
= n
ln(rj /rj1 )
j=1
=1
kj
Permeability Averages
Geometric-Average Permeability
k avg
l (k j ))
(h jln(k
j=1
= exp
n
j=1
1
n
Example
p
Rock Permeability
Absolute Permeability Correlations:
Two commonly
T
l used
d empirical
i i l methods
h d are the
h Timur
Ti
equation and the Morris-Biggs equation.
Timur (1968):
Timur (1968) proposed
d the
th following
f ll i expression
i for
f estimating
ti ti the
th
permeability from connate water saturation and porosity:
4.4
k = 8.58102 2
Swc
Rock Permeability
Morris
M
i and
d Biggs
Bi
(1967) presented
t d th
the ffollowing
ll i two
t
expressions for estimating the permeability if oil and gas
2
reservoirs:
3
For an oil reservoir:
k = 62.5
Swc
k = 2.5
Swc
3
Example
where,
k = absolute permeability, Darcy
= porosity,
porosity fraction
Swc = connate-water saturation,
fraction
Conversion Factors
for
Oilfield Units
Darcys
y Law - Darcyy Units
where,
kA
(p)
q=
L
q
k
A
p
cm3/s
darcies
cm2
atm
cp
cm
Darcys
y Law - Oilfield Units
where,
CkA
(p)
q=
L
q
k
A
p
bbl/D
millidarcies
ft2
psia
cp
ft
Darcys
y Law - Oilfield Units
0.001127 k[md] A[ft 2 ]
(p[psia])
q[bbl/D] =
[cp]
[
p] L[ft]
[ ]
C = 0.0011271
REFERENCES:
Ahmed, Tarek : Reservoir Engineering Handbook-Ch. 4: Fundamental of
rock properties, Second Edition, Gulf Professional Publishing, 2001.