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ENERGY
Unit 2
1. What is energy?
1
Te lev
calien
colegi
los ele
La e
o tra
La en
en el
ce cam
mos...
La ene
medid
(J), au
2. Energy characteristics.
La
sen
Las
rec
La energa no la podemos ver, ni tocar. Solo podemos sentir
L
m
s
L
c
L
g
m
q
b
L
o
l
L
m
3. Forms of energy.
Mire, jefe: yo
sigo siendo el
mismo a pesar de
mis disfraces
Como la
energa!
La ENERGA
tambin puede
disfrazarse
de muchas
formas, pero
permanece
invariable
a
a.
a
ncial
suelo
3. Forms of energy.
Energa cintica. Es la e
estn en movimiento. Po
tiene energa cintica.
ial
elo
cial
uelo
estn
en cintica.
movimiento.
ejemplo,
cuando
cuerpo
Energa
Es laPor
energa
que tienen
loscorres,
cuerpostucuando
tiene
cintica. Por ejemplo, cuando corres, tu cuerpo
estn energa
en movimiento.
tiene energa
cintica.
Energa
potencial.
Es la energa que tiene un cuerpo cuando
a cierta
altura de
alto
est
Energa
potencial.
Es la superficie
energa queterrestre.
tiene unCuanto
cuerpo ms
cuando
est
avinaltura
o unade
nube,
ms energa
potencial
tienen.
est un
a cierta
la superficie
terrestre.
Cuanto
ms alto
est unelctrica.
avin o una
ms energa
Energa
Es nube,
la energa
que se potencial
produce tienen.
cuando todos
electrones
de losEstomos
se mueven
una misma
direccin,
los
Energa
elctrica.
la energa
que seen
produce
cuando
todos
creando
una corriente
elctrica.
La energa
elctrica
es direccin,
una de las
los electrones
de los tomos
se mueven
en una
misma
ms
utilizadas
por las personas,
para es
hacer
creando
una corriente
elctrica. la
Lanecesitamos
energa elctrica
una funciode las
mslos
utilizadas
las personas,
funcionar
aparatospor
elctricos
comolaelnecesitamos
microondaspara
o la hacer
televisin.
nar los aparatos
comoestn
el
microondas
o la partculas
televisin.muy
Electrical
energy
- Internal
energypor
Energa
interna.elctricos
Los cuerpos
formados
pequeas
Energa interna.
cuerposLaestn
formados
muyes
llamadasLos
tomos.
energa
internapor
departculas
los cuerpos
pequeas
llamadaspor
tomos.
La energadeinterna
de los Cuando
cuerpos es
la
que se produce
el movimiento
sus tomos.
los
la que seseproduce
porsus
el tomos
movimiento
de sus ms
tomos.
Cuando
los
cuerpos
calientan,
se mueven
rpido
y generan
cuerpos
se calientan,
ms
energa
interna. sus tomos se mueven ms rpido y generan
ms energa interna.
Energa radiante o electromagntica. Es la energa que puede
transmitirse
Energa radiante
o de
electromagntica.
Es la energa
que
a travs
ondas electromagnticas,
como
laspuede
ondas
transmitirse
travs delaondas
de
la luz, delatelevisor,
radioelectromagnticas,
o el microondas. como las ondas
de la luz, del televisor, la radio o el microondas.
Energa qumica. La presentan los compuestos qumicos. La gaso
3. Forms of energy.
cial
elo
la
mos
3. Forms of energy.
Fusin
nuclear.por
Se unen
los ncleos
tomos,
lo que
la que
se produce
el movimiento
dede
susvarios
tomos.
Cuando
los
tambin
produce una
cantidad
de energa.
cuerpos
se calientan,
sus gran
tomos
se mueven
ms rpido y generan
ms energa interna.
Fisin nuclear
Fusin nuclear
ma la
tomos
3. Energa
Forms
of
energy.
qumica. La presentan los compuestos qumicos. La gasolina, los alimentos o las pilas y bateras, almacenan energa qumica.
Energa nuclear. Es la que se obtiene del ncleo de ciertos tomos. Podemos obtener energa de los tomos de dos formas:
Fusin nuclear
Energa
Energa
Nuclear
energy
Energa trmica. Provoca
cambios
de temperatura en los cuerpos. El paso de esta energa de un cuerpo a otro se llama calor.
3. Forms of energy.
Sabras explicar cmo funciona este
encendedor mecnico de cerillas ?
Bola a cierta altura
Plano inclinado
Rueda o molinillo
Aspas
Lija
Cerilla
3. Forms of energy.
3
Energa
potencial:
bola a cierta
altura
Energa
cintica:
la bola se
mueve
Energa
cintica:
las aspas se
mueven
Energa
trmica
por el
rozamiento
E. trmica
Energa
qumica
n:
nio:
%
4.4Sources
ofde
energy.
Las fuentes
energa y sus tipos
Las fuentes de energa son aquellos medios naturales o artificiales de los que podemos extraer energa.
4. Sources of energy.
Sources of energy
10
UNIT
Sources of energy
are classified as
Renewable
Nonrenewable
when
when
Meet their
basic needs
Progress of
humankind
4. Sources of energy.
4
Petrleo:
6,7 %
Renovables:
25,7 %
Carbn:
12,5 %
Gas natural:
37,3 %
Uranio:
17,8 %
Las fuentes
energa son aquellos medios naturales
Hidrulica:de
38,1%
48,6%
ciales de los que podemos extraerElica:
energa.
medio ambiente.
Biomasa: 5,1%
Fuentes no renovables
Fuentes renovables
Las prin
elica, b
Aunque
nos inco
Orige
5. Sources
Non-renewable
sources.
of energy
10
UNIT
The non-renewable
sources of energy
are
Fossil fuels
Nuclear
are used in
are
Coal
Oil
are used in
Natural gas
Thermal power
stations
Nuclear power
stations
5. Non-renewable sources.
UNIT
10
Energy
Thermal power stations generally use fossil fuels (which are non-renewable) as
primary energy. Besides their use of non-renewable sources of energy, another
drawback to thermal power stations is that they release harmful gases into the
atmosphere.
Diagram of a thermal power station
Transmission
line
Boiler
Cooling tower
Steam
Fuel
Water
Turbines
Generator
Transformer
5. Non-renewable sources.
UNIT
10
Energy
Nuclear power stations work similarly to thermal power stations, except that the
fuel used here is uranium, which releases a large amount of energy through a
nuclear reaction. The advantage of nuclear power plants is that they do not emit
contaminant gases and produce inexpensive energy. The disadvantage is that they
produce nuclear waste that is deadly to human beings.
Diagram of a nuclear power station
Containment
structure
Transmission
line
Cooling tower
Reactor
Steam
Control
rods
Steam
generator
Water
Turbines
Generator
Transformer
6. Renewable
sources.
Sources of energy
UNIT
10
The renewable
Sources of energy
are
Hydro-electric
energy
Wind energy
is
produced
by
Wind turbines
Geothermal
energy
Solar energy
is
produced
by
Tidal energy
is
produced
by
Hydro-electric
power stations
is obtained
from...
Solar panels or
solar thermal
power stations
Tides and
waves
is obtained
from...
Heat from
inside the
Earth
Biomass
is made
into
Biofuel
UNIT
10
Energy
Hydro-electric power stations use renewable energy, as the water stored in
reservoirs, which is the primary energy used in these power stations, is replenished
through the water cycle. Along with thermal and nuclear power plants, these are
currently the most widely used power stations.
Diagram of a hydro-electric power station
Reservoir
Transmission
line
Sluice gate
Generator
Dam
Transformer
Turbine
UNIT
10
Energy
Geothermal power stations can only be built in regions where geothermal resources
such as geysers and volcanoes are near the surface. For this reason, they are not
widely used.
Diagram of a geothermal power station
Heat
exchanger
Transmission
line
Turbine
Generator
Rain
Pump
Water flow
Pumps
Hot
water
Heat source
Water
fra
Condenser
Pump
Cooling
tower
Impermeable rock
UNIT
10
Energy
Solar thermal power stations consist of a field of heliostats, a large surface covered
in mirrors that capture sunlight and focus it on a receiver, usually a tower, which
houses a turbine and a receiver.
Diagram of a solar thermal power station
Medium-temperature solar power station
Collectors
Heliostats
Oil tanks
Turbine
Alternator
Boiler Steam
Transformer
Sodium Boiler
tanks
Turbine
Steam
Water
Alternator
Transformer
UNIT
10
Energy
Solar photovoltaic power stations convert solar energy into electricity directly,
without the need for any mobile component, thanks to photovoltaic cells, which are
made of silicon. They are also used to supply satellites and space stations with
electricity.
Diagram of a solar cell
Sunlight
Two layers
of silicon
UNIT
10
Energy
Wind farms use wind power to produce electricity. There are some drawbacks,
including their visual impact and their interference with migratory routes. They are
also dependent on weather conditions.
Generator
Rotor blade,
usually made
of fibreglass
Structure or tower
Tidal power stations use the energy of the huge bodies of moving water that make
up seas and oceans. Currently, there is one tidal power station, located in France,
because although seas contain an enormous amount of energy, it is very hard to
harness it.
Diagram of a tidal power station
The water is
stored in the
river, which
serves as a
reservoir
At low tide, the
stored water moves
out to sea, turning
the turbines again.
Grate (filter)
Turbine
7. Energy saving.
UNIT
10
Sources of energy
A few problems associated with energy consumption are:
The deterioration of natural areas, deforestation and soil degradation.
Toxic gases that cause acid rain and smog are released into the atmosphere, as are
aerosols.
The potential risk of radiation leaks.
CLIMATE
CHANGE
7. Energy saving.
El
vid
Pe
po
pe
Comprobar el aislamiento de
las ventanas. Utilizar cintas
aislantes y dobles ventanas que
reduzcan la prdida de calor.
M
pe
la
no
Al
un
7. Energy saving.