CHAPTER 2

WATER PRESSURE
Chapter 2
Water Pressure
Exercise -2
Answer 1
Given:1. Dimension of plate
2. Draft
Density of SW

= 10m * 2m
= 8m
= 1.025t/m3

8m

2m

10 m
Area

= Length * Breath

Area

= 10m * 2m

Area

= 20m2

Thrust = (Pressure) * Area

Thrust = (Depth * Density) * Area
Thrust = 8 * 1.025 * 20
Thrust = 164 t
Thrust experienced by flat keel plate is 164t

Answer 2
Given:1. Dimensions of vessel = 150m*20m*12m
2. RD of DW = 1.010
3. Draft of vessel = 10m
Total pressure exerted on a given surface is called as thrust.
Page 1 of 12

CHAPTER 2
WATER PRESSURE

12 m
10 m
20 m
150 m

Total pressure at sides = (Pressure) * (Area)

Total pressure at side

= (Depth/2 * Density) * (Length * Draft)

Total pressure at side

= (10m/2 * 1.01) * (150m * 10m)

Total pressure at side = 7575t

Total pressure at end

= (Pressure) * (Area)

Total pressure at end

= (Depth/2 * Density) * (Length * Draft)

Total pressure at end

= (10m/2 * 1.01) * (20m * 10m)

Total pressure at end

= 1010t

Total pressure at keel

= (Pressure) * (Area)

Total pressure at keel

= (Depth * Density) * (Length * Draft)

Total pressure at keel

= (10m * 1.01) * (150m * 20m)

Total pressure at keel = 30300t

Total pressure = (2*Pressure at sides) + (2*Pressure at ends) + (Total pressure at keel)
Total pressure = (2*7575) + (2*1010) + (30300)
Total pressure = 47470t
Total water pressure exerted on hull is 47470t.

Page 2 of 12

CHAPTER 2
WATER PRESSURE
Answer 3
Given:1. Surface Area of submarine = 650m2
2. Total water pressure to withstand = 1332500t
Density of SW = 1.025t/m3
Total Pressure = (Pressure) * (Area)
Total Pressure = (Depth * Density) * Area
1332500

= Depth * 1.025 * 650

2000m

= Depth

Submarine would collapse at 2000m of water depth.

Answer 4
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Dimensions of lock gate = 40m * 20m

RD1 = 1.01 (Side 1)
Depth1 = 12 m (Side 1)
RD2 = 1.02 (Side 2)
Depth2 = 11m (Side 2)
40 m

20 m

11 m

RD = 1.02

RD = 1.01

Thrust1

= (Pressure1) * (Area1)

Thrust1

= (Depth/2 * Density) * (Length * Draft)

Thrust1

= (12m /2* 1.01) * (40m * 12m)

Thrust1

= 2908.8t

12 m

Page 3 of 12

CHAPTER 2
WATER PRESSURE
Thrust2

= (Pressure2) * (Area2)

Thrust2

= (Depth/2 * Density) * (Length * Draft)

Thrust2

= (10m/2 * 1.02) * (40m * 11m)

Thrust2

= 2468.4t

Resultant Thrust = Thrust1 Thrust2

Resultant Thrust = 2908.8t 2468.4t
Resultant Thrust = 440.4t
Resultant Thrust = 440.4t towards shallower side

Answer 5
Given:1. Dimensions of lock gate = 36m * 20m
2. Depth1 = 16 m (Side 1)
RD of FW = 1.000
36 m

20 m

16 m

RD = 1.02

RD = 1.025

Thrust1

= (Pressure1) * (Area1)

Thrust1

= (Depth/2 * Density) * (Width * Depth)

Thrust1

= (16m/2 * 1.00) * (36m * 16m)

Thrust1

= 4608t

We know, thrust on one side is equal to other

Thrust2

= (Pressure2) * (Area2)
Page 4 of 12

CHAPTER 2
WATER PRESSURE
Thrust2

= (Depth2 /2* Density) * (Width * Depth2)

4608

= (Depth2 * 1.025 * 36 * Depth2)/2

249.756

= (Depth2)2

249.756

= Depth2

15.804m

= Depth2

Depth of SW required to equalize the thrust is 15.804m

Answer 6
Given:1. Breath of triangle
2. Height of triangle
3. Sounding

= 12m
= 15m
= 3m

Density of SW = 1.025t/m3
F 12 m

15 m

3m
H

In triangle ADE and triangle ABC

1.
2.
3.

A = A
ADE = ABC
AED = ACB

(Common angle)
(Corresponding angles)
(Corresponding angles)

Now triangle ADE is similar to triangle ABC.

We know that similar triangles are in equal ratio.
AF = BC
Page 5 of 12

CHAPTER 2
WATER PRESSURE
AG
DE
15 = 12
3
DE
DE = 12*3
15
DE = 2.4m
Area of triangle ADE = 1 * AG * DE
2
Area of triangle ADE = 1 * 3 * 2.4
2
Area of triangle of ADE = 3.6m2
Depth of geometric centre of isosceles triangle = 1 * height
3
Depth of geometric centre of isosceles triangle = 1 * 3
3
Depth of geometric centre of isosceles triangle = 1m
Thrust

= (Pressure) * (Area)

Thrust

= (Depth of geometric centre * Density) * (Area)

Thrust

= (1 * 1.025) * (3.6m2)

Thrust

= 3.69t

Thrust experienced by Fore Peak tank is 3.69 t

Answer 7
Given:4. Breath of triangle
5. Height of triangle
6. Sounding

= 14m
= 12m
= 9m

Density of SW = 1.025t/m3

Page 6 of 12

CHAPTER 2
WATER PRESSURE

F 14 m

G
D

12 m

H
9m

In triangle ADE and triangle ABC

4.
5.
6.

A = A
ADE = ABC
AED = ACB

(Common angle)
(Corresponding angles)
(Corresponding angles)

Now triangle ADE is similar to triangle ABC.

We know that similar triangles are in equal ratio.
AF = BC
AG
DE
12 = 14
9
DE
DE = 14*9
12
DE = 10.5m
Area of triangle ADE = 1 * AG * DE
2
Area of triangle ADE = 1 * 9 * 10.5
2
Area of triangle of ADE = 47.25m2
Depth of geometric centre of isosceles triangle = 1 * height
3
Depth of geometric centre of isosceles triangle = 1 * 9
3
Page 7 of 12

CHAPTER 2
WATER PRESSURE
Depth of geometric centre of isosceles triangle = 3m
Thrust

= (Pressure) * (Area)

Thrust

= (Depth of geometric centre * Density) * (Area)

Thrust

= (3 * 1.025) * (47.25m2)

Thrust

= 145.3t

Thrust on bulkhead is 145.3 t

Answer 8
Given:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Base of triangle = 14m

Side of triangle = 15m
Radius of inspection hole
= 0.5m
Centre above base
= 0.8m
Centre of manhole from corner = 1.6m
RD of oil
= 0.95
Sounding of tank
= 10m
= 3.1416

10m
F
1.6 m

15 m

0.5m
0.8m

D 14 m

DC = 1 BC (AD is perpendicular bisector for isosceles triangle)

2
DC = 1 * 14
2
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CHAPTER 2
WATER PRESSURE
DC = 7m
In triangle ADC:(AC)2 = (AD)2 + (DC)2

(Pythagoras Theorem)

(15)2 = (AD)2 + (7)2

225 49 = (AD)2
176 = AD
13.267m = AD
Area of manhole = r2
Area of manhole = 3.1416 * (0.5)2
Area of manhole = 3.1416 * 0.25
Area of manhole = 0.785m2
We know EF is depth of manhole centre
DE = DF + EF
10 = 0.8 + EF
9.2m = EF
Thrust = (Pressure) * (Area)
Thrust = (Geometric centre depth * Density) * (Area)
Thrust = 9.2 * 0.95 * 0.785
Thrust = 6.861 t
Thrust on the manhole cover is 6.861t

Page 9 of 12

CHAPTER 2
WATER PRESSURE
Answer 9
Given:1. Dimensions of tank = 22m * 20m * 10m
2. Dimensions of trunk = 5m * 4m * 0.2m
3. Depth = 2.64 m above crown
Density of SW = 1.025t/m3
A

2.64 m
B
0.2 m
5m

4m

10 m

20 m
22 m

CD = AB + height of trunk way

2.64m = AB + 0.2m
2.44m = AB
Depth of tank lid = 2.44m
Area of tank lid = L * B
Area of tank lid = 5m * 4m
Area of tank lid = 20m2
Thrust = (Pressure) * (Area)
Thrust = (Depth * Density) * (Area)
Thrust = 2.44 * 1.025 * 20
Thrust = 50.02t
Thrust on the tank lid is 50.02t

Page 10 of 12

CHAPTER 2
WATER PRESSURE
Answer 10
Given:1. Dimensions of the tank = 25m * 20m * 2m
2. Tank top pressed to the head of = 16m
3. Draft of vessel = 10m
Density of SW = 1.025t/m3

16 m
18 m

25 m

20 m
10 m

2m

Thrust on tank top = (Pressure) * (Area)

Thrust on tank top = (Depth * Density) * (L * B)
Thrust on tank top = (16 * 1.025) * (25 * 20)
Thrust on tank top = 8200t
Thrust on tank bottom from top = (Pressure) * (Area)
Thrust on tank bottom from top = (Depth * Density) * (L * B)
Thrust on tank bottom from top = (18 * 1.025) * (25 * 20)
Thrust on tank bottom from top = 9225t
Thrust on tank bottom from bottom = (Pressure) * (Area)
Thrust on tank bottom from bottom = (Depth * Density) * (L * B)
Thrust on tank bottom from bottom = (10 * 1.025) * (25 * 20)
Thrust on tank bottom from top = 5125t
Page 11 of 12

CHAPTER 2
WATER PRESSURE

9225 t
4100 t
(Resultant)

5125 t

Resultant Thrust = 9225t 5125t

Resultant Thrust = 4100t (outwards)
Resultant thrust on tank bottom is 4100 t (outwards)

-o0o-

Page 12 of 12