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APPLICATIONS
The forces acting on the 100-lb boy can be analyzed using the
cylindrical coordinate system.
If the boy slides down at a constant speed of 2 m/s, can we
find the frictional force acting on him?
APPLICATIONS (continued)
EQUATIONS OF MOTION:
CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES
This approach to solving problems has
some external similarity to the normal &
tangential method just studied. However,
the path may be more complex or the
problem may have other attributes that
make it desirable to use cylindrical
coordinates.
Equilibrium equations or Equations of Motion in cylindrical
coordinates (using r, , and z coordinates) may be expressed in
scalar form as:
.. . 2
Fr = mar = m(r r )
..
..
F = ma = m(r 2r)
..
Fz = maz = mz
DETERMINATION OF ANGLE
The angle , defined as the angle
between the extended radial line
and the tangent to the curve, can be
required to solve some problems. It
can be determined from the
following relationship.
tan =
r d
dr
r
dr d
EXAMPLE
Given: The ball (P) is guided along
the vertical circular
path.
.
..W = 0.5 lb, 2 = 0.4 rad/s,
= 0.8 rad/s , rc = 0.4 ft
Find:
EXAMPLE (continued)
Free Body Diagram: Establish the r , inertial coordinate
system and draw the particles free body diagram. Notice that
the radial acceleration is negative.
mg
r
t
ma
Ns
NOA
= 30
mar
EXAMPLE (continued)
Kinematics: at = 30
r = 2(0.4) cos(30) = 0.693 ft
.
r = -2(0.4) sin(30)(0.4) = -0.16 ft/s
..
r = -2(0.4) cos(30)(0.4)2 2(0.4) sin(30)(0.8) = -0.431 ft/s2
Acceleration components are
.. . 2
ar = r r = -0.431 (0.693)(0.4)2 = -0.542 ft/s2
..
..
a = r + 2r = (0.693)(0.8) + 2(-0.16)(0.4) = 0.426 ft/s2
tan = r/(dr/d) where dr/d = -2rc sin
tan = (2rc cos)/(-2rc sin) = -1/tan
= 120
EXAMPLE (continued)
Kinetics:
Fr = mar
0.5
Ns cos(30) 0.5 sin(30) =
(-0.542)
32.2
Ns = 0.279 lb
F = ma
NOA + 0.279 sin(30) 0.5 cos(30) =
NOA = 0.3 lb
0.5
(0.426)
32.2
CONCEPT QUIZ
1. When a pilot flies an airplane in a
vertical loop of constant radius r at
constant speed v, his apparent weight
is maximum at
A) Point A
C) Point C
D
B) Point B (top of the loop)
D) Point D (bottom of the loop)
Kinematics:
At A ( = 90)
r = 600 cos( 2 )
r = 1200 sin( 2 )
r = 2400cos(2 )2 + 1200sin(2 )
r = 0
2
2
Therefore v A = ( r ) + ( r ) = r
80
at A, =
= 0.133 rad
s
600
..
..
s2
s2
mg
Kinetics: Fr = mar => -mg N = mar
130
N = -130
(53.3) => N = 85.2 lb
32.2
Notice that the pilot would experience weightlessness when his
radial acceleration is equal to g.