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A Brief about Reverse Osmosis

&
Ultrafiltration !!

Reverse

Osmosis
&
Ultra Filtration
System

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TABLE OF CONTENT

About us ........................................................................................3

Product Portfolio ..................................................................................4

Osmosis..7

Reverse Osmosis Definition.8

How does it work .8

RO membranes......9

Membrane Structure.......................10

Types of Membrane........................11

Parameters aftects RO13

RO
13

Production rate V/s Feed Water Conditions......................14

Capable of Removing..15

Rejection ranges of contaminants 16

RO Treated water............17

yp
Membrane Types..18-19

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Reverse

Osmosis
&
Ultra Filtration
System

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Ultrafiltration ...............................................................................21

Difference Between RO & UF ...............................................................22

Advantages of Ultrafiltration...24

Ultrafiltration Application .25

UF as Pre & Post Treatment .26

MF to RO .......27

Configuration
fi
i off UF..................................28

UF Flow Pattern ........................................29

Design Guide lines for UF30

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A role of Shubham in Saving Precious water ..

Shubhamisinthebusinessofmakingthisplanetwatersecure..

Shubham Inc. is the leading EPC contractor of Water

and Sewage Water Treatment Plants. We use the bestin-class technology and cutting-edge tools to foster
high-quality, sustainable, community-level water supply
projects.

We design, engineer, and deliver the most innovative, cost-effective solutions for
managing your most challenging water woes!

| 4

Product Portfolio | 5

Product Portfolio
Membrane and separation
Reverse Osmosis Plant
UF Plants
Media Filters
Activated Carbon Filters
Dual Media Filters
Multigrade Filters
Pressure Sand Filters
Side Stream Filters
ION exchange
DM Plants
Softening Plants
Mixed Bed units

Waste Water Treatment

Swimming Pool

Septic Tanks

Operation & Maintenance

Sewage Treatment Plants [ Civil & Modular ]

Bio Accelerator 360
Electra Rapid
Bio Memclean
Bio Synthesis
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
Grey
G
W
Water
t Treatment
T t
t (GWT)
Laundry Water treatment

Osmosis| 6
Osmosis is a natural phenomenon that provides water to all animal and vegetable cells to support life
Water moves from a high concentration of water (less sugar/salt dissolved in it) to a low concentration
of water (more salt/sugar dissolved in it) across a semi-permeable membrane
This means that water can cross a selectively permeable membrane from a dilute solution (less
dissolved in it) to a concentrated solution (more dissolved in it))

Osmosis | 7

Net
et Movement
o e e t of
o Water
ate Mol
o A se
semi-permeable
pe eab e membrane
e b a e is
s a membrane
e b a e which
c
will allow only certain molecules or ions to pass through
Osmosis is very
y important
p
in biology
gy as it p
provides the p
primary
y means by
y which
water is transported in and out of cellsecules
ecules

Reverse Osmosis | 8

RO is a form of filtration using osmosis in

reverse
Water passes from a more concentrated
solution to a less concentrated solution
p
this a force or p
pressure MUST
To accomplish
be applied

RO is used to remove dissolved solids from water but it can also improve taste, odor & color of water
RO membranes have the capability to remove particles as small as ions i.e. magnesium ions or sodium ions
RO membrane
b
will
ill reject
j
most compounds
d based
b
d largely
l
l on size
i
Dissolved ions, such as salts, carry an electric charge and will also be rejected by membrane

How does it work ? |

Feed water flows into RO unit with the force of line pressure

Water is forced through membrane by cross flow filtration

Cross
C
fl
flow
filtration
fil
i is
i most commonly
l used
d in
i RO as it
i allows
ll
membrane to continually clean itself
Membrane then either rejects or repels contaminants
Two exit streams generated: waste & product stream
Waste stream consists of: A concentrate (reject) stream which
carries
i contaminants
i
((compounds
d too large
l
to pass through
h
h
membrane)
Permeate stream consists of: Product water which has been
forced through the membrane & is virtually free of TDS

PNIDorProcessflow chart

RO Membrane |

10

| 11

FEED WATER

Main flow of impure water to be treated

PRODUCT WATER

Portion of feed water which passes through membrane as permeate

REJECT WATER:

Portion of feed water which did not pass through membrane; carries impurities to
drain

MODULE

Combination of spiral round membrane element & pressure vessel

Spiral Wound Membrane |

ThinFilmCompositeMembrane(TFC)

RO membrane is a method of fine filtration but much smaller

Membrane consists of tiny pores which are approximately 0.0005 microns in size

THEREFORE reverse osmosis

i membranes
b
are capable
bl off rejecting
j ti contaminants
t i
t as smallll as
0.0001 to 0.00001 microns

12

RO Membrane | 13

Membrane is the work

work--horse of an reverse osmosis system

When
h choosing
h
i an RO system you must do
d so wisely
i l taking
ki iinto account water quality
li iis
very important
membranes:
Three main types of membranes:
CTA membrane:: Cellulose acetate/triacetate blend
Provides lowest cost per gallon of water
Resists chlorine but has a lower flow rate limit in applications of high water consumptio
TFC membrane:: Thin film/thin layer composite
Can handle high flow, has a high rejection rate & can handle high water consumption
Cannot handle chlorine concentrations; water must be carbon pre
pre--filtered

Parameters that affect RO |

Water Temperature:
Temperature: RO system ratings are based on 770F/ 250C water
temperature

i.e. : RO system rated at 20 GPD (gallons per day) at 340F/10C will only produce 6
GPD

Feed Water Pressure:

Pressure: A lack in water pressure (less than 40 PSI) will reduce
product
p
water; this can be helped
p with the aid of a booster pump
p p

Contaminants in Feed Water:

Water: Large particles, iron concentration or high levels of
hardness in feed water can cause clogging of the membrane Clogging of the
membrane can decrease its life

Microorganisms:: RO membranes can filter out bacteria, depending on the

Microorganisms
bacteria size, however this may cause fouling of the membrane as bacteria can
begin to grow through pores of membrane causing

BACTERIA CREEP RO systems should not be installed on nonnon-potable water

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RO Production Rate vs. Feed Water Conditions |

Feedwater
Temp
TDS
F
ppm
40

45

50

50
250
500
750
1000
1500
2000
50
250
500
750
1000
1500
2000
50
250
500
750
1000
1500
2000

Feed Pressure (psi)

30

40

50

60

70

80

7.06
6.76
6 17
6.17
5.59
5.00
3.53
2 35
2.35
8.53
7.94
7.35
6.47
5.88
4.41
2.94
10.00
9 11
9.11
8.53
7.64
6.76
5.00
3.23

9.70
9.11
8 53
8.53
7.94
7.35
6.17
5 00
5.00
11.47
10.88
10.00
9.41
8.82
7.35
5.88
13.23
12 64
12.64
11.76
10.88
10.00
8.53
6.76

12.05
11.47
10 88
10.88
10.29
9.70
8.53
7 35
7.35
14.41
13.82
12.94
12.35
11.47
10.00
8.82
16.46
15 88
15.88
14.99
14.11
13.52
11.76
10.00

14.41
14.11
13 52
13.52
12.94
12.05
10.88
9 70
9.70
17.35
16.76
15.88
15.29
14.41
12.94
11.47
19.99
19 40
19.40
18.52
17.64
16.76
14.99
13.52

17.05
16.46
15 88
15.88
15.29
14.70
13.52
12 05
12.05
19.99
19.70
18.82
18.23
17.35
15.88
14.41
23.23
22 64
22.64
21.76
20.87
19.99
18.52
16.76

19.40
18.82
18 23
18.23
17.64
17.05
15.88
14 70
14.70
22.93
22.34
21.76
20.87
20.29
18.82
17.35
26.75
25 87
25.87
25.28
24.40
23.52
21.76
19.99

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RO System Can is capable of removing . | 16

Dissolved solids = TDS (salts & minerals)

UP TO 2000 ppm
Most Heavy metals (lead, mercury,
silver)
Most radioactive elements
RO systems may not be capable of
removing nitrates to recommended levels

Typical Rejection Ranges of Contaminants |

17

ROTreatedWater
ROTreatedWater| 18

RO systems will remove up to 97% (depending on parameters) of salts

in water bringing it closer to a level of pure
pure water
water
The purer the water, the more aggressive it will be with materials it
comes in contact with
THEREFORE RO can be slightly corrosive
Its recommended NEVER to use copper piping on RO water

Membrane Types | 19

ED

Retained

Transported

Water,
TSS,microbes
uncharged
molecules

MF
Larger
particles

Dissolved
salts,
Dissolvedsalts
small
small
particles

UF

NF

RO

Larger
molecules

Higher
charged
ions

almost
everything

Small
molecules
andions

Mono
valent ions,
small
small
molecules

Verysmall
uncharged
molecules

Membrane Types | 20

Ultrafiltration

Ultrafiltration| 22

Primarily a concentration process

p g energy
gy is required
q
to force liquid
q
through
g
Pumping
the membrane
Relatively large size particles (MW 10000 40000<)
are retained and concentrated
Potential use in the recycling of metal containing
alkaline cleaner wastes and paints (concentrate)
Reduction of metals in industrial wastes

Ultrafiltration| 23

Does not change the chemistry of water.

For example to obtain potable water from surface water, which is chemically clean, but contains algea
and bacteria, UF can be used.
Same water quality with coagulation / flocculaltion Removes turbidity
Same
UF removes larger organics, colloids, bacteria while allowing most ions and small organics to permeate
the porous structure.
Larger pore size Requires much lower differential operating pressure.
pressure

Ultrafiltration|

Cross flow or transverse flow

Any
Any membrane configuration
Use re-circulation for high TSS
Operating
O
i pressures ~ 50 psii
Uses back flush to loosen fouling
Excellent pretreatment for RO or
Post treatment for ED

24

Ultrafiltration|

UF can replace several conventional processes

25

Ultrafiltration Applications | 26

Mayy be considered as p
pre-treatment before R/O to p
prevent clogging
gg g of
membranes.
Applications in industrial wastes:
Metal industry Seperation of water-oil
emulsions
Automotive painting industry to seperate
d from
dye
f
washing
hi water
t
Pharmaceutical industry Seperation of
enzymes
Food industry Cheese waste

Ultrafiltration|

UFasPreorPostTreatment?

27

MF to RO |

28

UF Basic Configurations | 29

UF Flow Pattern | 30

DesignGuidelines|

31

Locate Shubham |

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AHMEDABAD, Gujarat - INDIA.

AHMEDABAD, Gujarat INDIA

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VOICE +91 - 79 40086151 - 54 | FAX 91- 79 -

30086163

40086155
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INDIA
E mail - info@shubahmindia.com

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