Trigger words in STPM Physics Term 1

1. Error : For addition OR subtraction of a physical quantity, the absolute error of the
resultant value is

the ______ of all the absolute errors, regardless of

whether the quantities are added or

subtracted.
For multiplication OR division of physical quantities, the _____________ error
of the resultant
value is the ________ of all the ______________ errors.
2. Projectile :The horizontal component of the velocity is _____________ throughout the
motion.
The vertical component of the velocity ____________ because there is a
of _______ m s-2 in the ______________ direction due to the

vertical acceleration
______________ force.

3. Force : If there is no resultant force, the body will

____________________________________ or

continue

________________________________________________.
-If there is a resultant force, the body will accelerate following the equation
____________________________ if the mass is constant or
_________________________ if
4.

Collision :

the mass changes but the velocity is constant.

Obeys the principle of conservation of _____________________ which

states that the total

_________________ in a closed system is

__________________.
Elastic collision : The total ___________________________ is also conserved.
5.

Work : Product of ____________ and __________________ in the direction of the

_________.

Equation:

W=

Fd s

-Principle of conservation of energy can be applied which states that the

total _____________

in a closed system is __________________. i.e. the total

initial ___________ is equal to the

total final _______________ (including work

done against friction).

6.

Circle : Requires a centripetal force i.e. a ______________ force acting towards the
_________ of the
circle.
Equation : Centripetal force,
or
Centripetal acceleration,
or
.
F=
F=
Period of oscillation :
or
Satellite : Centripetal force
a = is provided bya the
= gravitational force. Therefore
the equation is
T=
T=

7.

Equilibrium : Sum of forces to the left = ___________________________

Sum of forces upwards = ___________________________
Sum of clockwise moments = _____________________________

Edward Kong SMK Methodist Sibu

(F1r1 + F2r2 = F3r3 + F4r4 where r = perpendicular distance of the

force from the
8.

point where the moments are taken)

Planet : Gravitational force between two bodies,

F=
where M, m are the masses of the bodies,
r is the distance between the two
bodies and
G is the universal gravitational constant.
Gravitational field strength, g, at a point at a distance r from the centre of

the planet is given

by the equation
Gravitational potential, V, at a point at a distance r from the centre of the
g=
planet is given by
the equation
Escape velocity, v, is the _____________ speed required to escape to infinity
V=
from a point.
Equation:
mv2 =
9.
Stress : Longitudinal force per unit ___________________ area.
10. Strain : _____________________ per unit ______________ length.
11. Youngs modulus : Ratio of ________ to __________.
Equation
where F is the applied force, l is the original
E=
A is the cross-sectional area, and e is the extension.

length,

12. Strain energy :

Elastic potential energy stored in a stretched wire. Assuming

the ________________

__________ is not exceeded, the strain energy,

E=
where F is the applied force, and e is the extension.
13. Ideal gas : Obeys the ideal gas equation
where p is the gas
pressure, V is the

volume

of the gas, T is the ___________________

temperature, R is the molar gas constant

and n is the number of moles

of the gas in the container.

Also obeys the equation
where p is the gas pressure, is the
p=
________
of the gas, and <c2> is the mean square speed of the gas
molecules.
14. Isothermal :

No change in _________________ of the gas system. Also no change in

its

_____________ energy.

15. Adiabatic :
No __________ enters or leaves the system.
If the type of gas is given i.e. monatomic, diatomic or polyatomic, then use
the equations
or
where p is the gas pressure, V is the volume of the gas, and T is the
absolute temperature.

=
Edward Kong SMK Methodist Sibu

16. Monatomic :

The value of depends on the number of degrees

of freedom =
17. Diatomic :
18. Polyatomic :

=
as shown by the equation

19. Internal energy :

=
the gas molecules.

For an ideal gas, it is the total ___________________________ of

It depends on the thermodynamic temperature, T, as

U=
shown by the equation
where f = _____________________________________________ ,
n = _____________________________________________ .
The change in internal energy can be calculated from the equation
where CV,m = _____________________________________________________________ ,
T = ___________________________________________
U =.
20. First law of thermodynamics :
____________ in

Amount of _______ supplied to the system (Q) =

___________ energy (U) + work done ____ the system

(W).
This law is based on the principle of conservation of _____________.
21. Rate of heat flow :

where k = thermal conductivity, A = cross-

dQ
dt

d
=
dx

sectional area, and

____________________________.

22. Steady state : The state where the ________________ at each point on the rod is
_____________.
If the uniform rod is perfectly lagged, the ___________________________
at each

point is constant and hence the ______________________

along the rod will also be

23. Rate of heat radiated :

dQ
dt

Edward Kong SMK Methodist Sibu

uniform.
, where =
e=
A=
T=