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CHARTER (1814)
legislative bodies)
Guarantees most of the rights listed in the Declaration of the Rights of
official religion
IMPORTANT: Promised not to challenge property rights of current
owners of land that had been confiscated from aristocrats and the
church
CONSERVATISM
churches
These three cooperated to keep this ideal alive after the French Revolution
and Napoleonic era
Those that supported this ideal spurned the idea of a written constitution,
unless it was written by themselves
ENLIGHTENMENT
Its rational concepts & reformist writings enshrined the critical spirit
FREE TRADE
Favored by liberals
Abolished government regulation on the economy
Favored a removal of international tariffs & internal barriers to trade
GERMANIC CONFEDERATION
HABEAS CORPUS
democracy
Sought to eliminate mercantilism.
Was the Prime minister of Britain who failed to protect the welfare of
the poor & instead worsened it w/ taxes that favored the nobility in a
time of poor harvest & unemployment
NATIONALISM
same government
Protested against multinational states & against people of the same
ethnic group living in political units smaller than that of the ethnic
nation
A difficulty was determining which ethnic groups would reign (rule) a
particular domain
The problem for LIBERALS in France and England was to protect civil
liberties, define the respective powers of the monarch and the
elected legislature, and expand the electorate moderately while
avoiding DEMOCRACY
Liberalism and nationalism posed the greatest threat to the status quo
in:
a. France
b. Italy
c. Austria
d. Spain
e. Britain
All of the following were achieved during the Prussian ERA OF REFORM
(1806 - 1821):
1. Improvements in the number & quality of the Prussian military
2. Abolition of serfdom
3. End of the Junker monopoly on landholding
4. Reform of the state bureaucracy