Mathcad - Final Version - Vertical Cantilever Retaining Wall - CTA 95th Street - Typical SE - Without Column Canopy Pedestal

PROJECT NUMBER: HBM1301-568
PROJECT NAME: CTA-95th St Terminal Improvement

CALC BY: MA, LAB DATE: 03/21/2014
CHECK BY: MI, MAI DATE: 03/28/2014
Title: Proposed Retaining Wall (Typical SE Wall Without Canopy Column Pedestal)
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PROJECT NAME: CTA-95th Terminal Improvement
Typical SE Wall Without Canopy Column Pedestal
1. Obtain Design Criteria
The analysis and design procedures for the retaining wall will be those outlined in the 2012 IDOT Bridge
Manual English, AASHTO 2012 LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (Sixth Edition) through 2013 Interims
.
Seismic Performance Zone (SPZ) = 1
Design Spectral Acceleration at 1.0s (SD1) = 0.086g
Design Spectral Acceleration at 0.2s (SDS) = 0.144g
Soil Site Class = D
1.1 Material Properties

conc 150pcf
Concrete unit weight
f'c 5000psi
Concrete strength at 28 days age
K1 1.0
Correction factor for source of aggregate

(to be taken as 1.0 unless determined by
physical test and as approved by the
authority of jurisdiction)
(AASHTO LRFD Article 5.4.2.4)
ag 0.75in
coarse aggregate size
conc
Ec 33000 K1
1000pcf
1
1.5
3
f'c ksi 4.29 10 ksi
0.85 if f'c 4.0ksi

0.85
0.05
ksi
f'c 4ksi
if 4ksi f'c 8ksi
Concrete elastic modulus

(AASHTO LRFD Eqn. 5.4.2.4-1)
Ratio of the depth of equivalent uniformly
stressed compression zone assumed in
the strength limit state to the depth of the
actual compression zone (LRFD 5.7.2.2)
0.65 otherwise
1 0.8
fy 60000psi
Es 29000ksi
Steel yield stress

Steel elastic modulus (AASHTO LRFD
Article 5.4.3.2)

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1.2 Reinforcement Steel Cover Requirements

Covers 2in
Stem back cover
Coverft 2in
Footing top cover
Coverfb 3in
Footing bottom cover
1.3 Soil Properties

Water 62.4pcf
Unit weight of water
Soil 120pcf
Soil unit weight (use average of loose and

compacted gravel)
SoilLS 125pcf
Soil unit weight of Live load surcharge
Ka 0.53
Obtained from geotechnical information

and in accordance with IDOT Bridge
Manual Article 3.11.2.2 for "T-type" walls,
using an angle of internal friction of 30
degrees.
1.4 Footing Bed Properties (Clay)

Su 6ksf
Undrained shear strength
Kp 0
Passive pressure coefficient
q all 10ksf
Allowable bearing capacity
q uall 15ksf
Ultimate bearing capacity
2. Retaining Wall Dimensions

2.1 Retaining Wall Stem Dimensions
Hstem 21.75ft
Stem wall height
Tstem_bot 2.50ft
Stem wall thickness at foundation
Tstem_top 1ft 3in 1.25 ft
Stem wall thickness at top
Tformliner 0in
Formliner thickness
Hkey 0ft
Shear key height

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2.2 Footing Dimensions

Wpcap 19.75ft
Footing width
Dpcap 4ft
Footing depth
Wpctoe 2ft
Footing toe width
Wpcheel Wpcap Tstem_bot Wpctoe 15.25 ft
Footing heel width
2.3 Sidewalk, Approach Slab, Parapet and Railing Loads

Tappslab 15in
Approach slab thickness
Lappslab 30ft
Approach slab length
DCappslab Tappslab conc
Lappslab
2
2.81
kip
ft
weight of approach slab transferred to the

wall stem per foot
Tsidewalk 8in
Sidewalk thickness
Lsidewalk 8ft
Sidewalk width
kip
DCsidewalk Tsidewalk conc Lsidewalk 0.8
ft
Weight of sidewalk per foot
kip
DCNJparap 0.413
ft
Weight of New Jersey parapet per foot

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Figure 1. Retaining Wall Dimensions

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3. Applied Loads Calculations

DC1: Self-weight of sidewalk, moment slab, parapet and
railing
DC2: Self-weight of rectangular portion of wall stem
DC3: Self-weight of triangular portion of wall stem
DC4: Self-weight of base footing
EV1: Vertical earth pressure on the base heel
EV2: Vertical earth pressure above the truncated wall stem
EV3: Vertical earth pressure on the base toe
ESv: Vertical surcharge load due to moment slab at time of
EH: Horizontal earth pressure

ESh : Horizontal surcharge load due to
moment slab at time of construction
(before concrete cures)
LSh : Horizontal live load surcharge
construction (before concrete cures)

LSv: Vertical live load surcharge
LLped : Pedestrian live load
LLped
LSv
ESv
Tstem_top/2
DC1
EV2
(Tstem_bot-Tstem_top)/3
Wpcheel
Tstem_top/2
DC2
EV1
HRW/2
Wpctoe/2
HRW/3
DC3
EV3
B
Wpcap/2
Toe
EShstem LShstem
EHstem
DC4
Heel
EHfoot
EShfoot
LShfoot
qu_Bearing
Leff
R
R: Resultant of vertical loads

e: eccentricity of resultant
qu_Bearing: equivalent bearing pressure from R

distributed over effective Base Area

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3.1 Retaining Wall Dead Loads [DC] (Per 1 Foot Linear Strip of Wall):
3.1.1 Sidewalk, Moment Slab, Parapet and Railing Dead Load [DC1]:
Dead load due to approach slab, sidewalk,
parapet and railing [DC1]
kip
DCtotslab DCappslab DCsidewalk DCNJparap 4.03
ft
3.1.2 Retaining Wall Stem Dead Load
Rectangular Portion of Retaining Wall Stem Dead Load [DC2]:
Rectangular portion of retaining wall stem

vertical [DC2] dead load
kip
DCstemrect Hstem Tstem_top conc 4.08
ft
Triangular Portion of Retaining Wall Stem Dead Load [DC3]:
DCstemtriang Hstem
Tstem_bot Tstem_top
2
conc 2.04
kip
ft
Triangular portion of retaining wall stem

vertical [DC3] dead load
3.1.3 Footing Dead Load [DC4]:

kip
DCpcap Wpcap Dpcap conc 11.85
ft
Footing vertical [DC4] dead load
3.2 Earth Loads

3.2.1 Vertical Earth Loads
3.2.1.1 Soil Pressure above Heel [EV]
Rectangular Portion of Soil Above Heel Dead Load [EV1]
HSoilheel Hstem 21.75 ft
Soil height above footing heel
kip
EVSoilheelrect Wpcheel HSoilheel Soil 39.8
ft
Rectangular portion of soil above heel

vertical dead load [EV]
Triangular Portion of Soil Above Heel Dead Load [EV2]

1
EVSoilheeltriang HSoilheel Tstem_bot
2
T
stem_top
kip
Soil 1.63
ft
Triangular portion of soil above heel vertical

dead load [EV2] due to wall batter
3.2.1.2 Soil Pressure above Toe [EV3]:

HSoiltoe 2.ft
Soil height above footing toe
kip
EVSoiltoe Wpctoe HSoiltoe Soil 0.48
ft
Soil above toe vertical dead load

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3.2.2 Horizontal Earth Loads [EH]

3.2.2.1 Horizontal Earth Load at bottom of Stem [EHstem]
Lateral earth pressure at bottom of stem
PStem Ka Soil HSoilheel 1.38 ksf
The lateral load effects due to soil above the wall footing applied to the stem is:
REHstem
kip
1 P
Stem HSoilheel 15.04
ft
2
Lateral load due to earth pressure behind

stem with soil backfill [EH]
3.2.2.2 Horizontal Earth Load at bottom of Footing [EHfoot]

HRW Hstem Dpcap 25.75 ft
Total height of retaining wall
Ppc Ka Soil HRW 1.64 ksf
Lateral earth pressure at bottom of footing
The lateral load effects due to soil above the bott. of wall footing and applied to the wall footing is:
REHpc
kip
1 P H
pc RW 21.09
ft
2
Lateral load due to earth pressure behind

stem and footing with soil backfill [EH] at
HRW /3 from the bottom
3.2.2.3 Horizontal Surcharge Loads due to Sidewalk and Moment Slab [ES]
Uniform surcharge load due to moment
slab
ES conc Tappslab 0.19 ksf
Note: Two load cases will be considered regarding the moment slab effect on the retaining wall.
Case 1: before the concrete cures, includes surcharges for the slab and live loads.
Case 2: after the concrete cures, assumes that dead and live loads are applied from the moment slab to the
top of the wall, so no surcharges are included.
3.2.2.3.1 Uniform Vertical Surcharge at bottom of Stem [ESv]
kip
ESvert ES Tstem_bot Tstem_top Wpcheel 3.09
ft
Vertical load due to uniform surcharge

from moment slab applied per linear foot
of wall [ESv]
3.2.2.3.2 Uniform Horizontal Surcharge at bottom of Stem [EShstem]

pES Ka ES 0.1 ksf
Maximum lateral surcharge load due to

1'-thick RC pavement (AASHTO 3.11.6.1)
kip
RESstem pES HSoilheel 2.16
ft
Lateral load due to uniform surcharge at

bottom of stem [EH]
3.2.2.3.3 Uniform Horizontal Surcharge at bottom of Footing [EShfoot]

kip
RESpc pES HRW 2.56
ft
Lateral load due to uniform surcharge at

bottom of footing [EH]

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3.3 Live Loads

3.3.1 Pedestrian Live Load [LLped]
According to Article 3.6.1.6 A pedestrian load of 0.075 ksf shall be applied to all sidewalks wider than 2.0 ft
and considered simultaneously with the vehicular design live load in the vehicle lane. Where vehicles can
mount the sidewalk, sidewalk pedestrian load shall not be considered concurrently. If a sidewalk may be
removed in the future, the vehicular live loads shall be applied at 1 ft from edge-of-deck for design of the
overhang, and 2 ft from edge-of-deck for design of all other components. The pedestrian load shall not be
considered to act concurrently with vehicles. The dynamic load allowance need not be considered for
vehicles.
Bridges intended for only pedestrian, equestrian, light maintenance vehicle, and/or bicycle traffic should be
designed in accordance with AASHTO's LRFD Guide Specifications for the Design of Pedestrian Bridges.
LLped 0.075ksf Wpcheel 1.14
kip
Pedestrian live load (conservative)
ft
3.3.2 Live Load Surcharge [LSv]

h eqLS
4ft if Hstem 5ft

3ft
2ft
10ft Hstem
5
20ft Hstem
10
Equivalent height of soil for vehicular

loading based on AASHTO LRFD Table
3.11.6.4-2
if 5ft Hstem 10ft

if 10ft Hstem 20ft
2ft otherwise
h eqLS 2 ft
According to Article 3.11.6.5 If the vehicular loading is transmitted through a structural slab, which is also
supported by means other than earth, a corresponding reduction in the surcharge loads may be permitted.
3.3.2.1 Vertical Live Load Surcharge [LSv ]
kip
Vertical component of live load
LSvert SoilLS h eqLS Tstem_bot Tstem_top Wpcheel 4.13
ft surcharge [LSv]
3.3.2.1 Horizontal Live Load Surcharge at bottom of Stem [LShstem]
pStem Ka SoilLS h eqLS 0.13 ksf
Horizontal pressure increase due to live

load surcharge at bottom of stem
kip
RLSstem pStem HSoilheel 2.88
ft
Lateral load due to Live Load surcharge at

bottom of stem [LShstem] applied at
Hsoilheel/2
3.3.2.2 Horizontal Live Load Surcharge at bottom of Footing [LShfoot]

ppc Ka SoilLS h eqLS 0.13 ksf
kip
RLSpc ppc HRW 3.41
ft
Horizontal pressure increase due to live

load surcharge at bottom of footing
Lateral load due to Live Load surcharge at
bottom of footing [LShfoot] applied at HRW /2

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4. Limit States Design Method

4.1 Resistance and Load Modification Factors
The resistance factors, , for reinforced concrete Retaining walls for the Strength Limit State per
AASHTO LRFD Article 5.5.4.2 are as shown below:
f 0.9
Resistance factor for flexure
v 0.9
Resistance factor for shear
4.2 Load Factors

In accordance with LRFD (Table 3.4.1-1) the following Strength I load factors shall be used for retaining
wall design
DCstrmax 1.25
DCstrmin 0.9
Strength I Load factor for DC load case
LLstrmax 1.75
LLstrmin 1.75
Strength I Load factor for LL + IM load

case
LSstrmax 1.75
LSstrmin 1.75
Strength I Load factor for live load

surcharge
EVstrmax 1.35
EVstrmin 1.0
Strength I Load factor for vertical earth

pressure
EHstrmax 1.50
EHstrmin 0.9
Strength I Load factor for horizontal earth

pressure (active)
ESstrmax 1.50
ESstrmin 0.75
Strength I Load factor for earth surcharge
In accordance with LRFD (Table 3.4.1-2) the following Service I load factors shall be used for retaining wall
design
DCsv 1.0
Service I Load factor for DC load case
LLsv 1.0
Service I Load factor for LL + IM load case
LSsv 1.0
Service I Load factor for live load surcharge
EVsv 1.0
Service I Load factor for vertical earth

pressure
EHsv 1.0
Service I Load factor for horizontal earth

pressure
ESsv 1.0
Service I Load factor for earth surcharge

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5. Stability Analysis for Retaining Wall

5.1 Moment Arms Calculations
Note: Moment arms are calculated from the toe at the bottom of the footing
kip
Tstem_top
DCtotslab 4.03
H
2.63 ft
ft
1
pctoe
2
Tstem_top
kip
DCstemrect 4.08
ft
H5 Wpctoe
kip
DCstemtriang 2.04
ft
H6 Wpctoe Tstem_top
kip
DCpcap 11.85
ft
H7
kip
EVSoilheelrect 39.8
ft
H8 Wpctoe Tstem_bot
kip
EVSoilheeltriang 1.63
ft
2
H9 Wpctoe Tstem_top
T
Tstem_top 4.08 ft
3 stem_bot
kip
EVSoiltoe 0.48
ft
H10
LLped 1.14
kip
ft
Wpcap
2
2.63 ft
Tstem_bot Tstem_top 3.67 ft

3
9.88 ft
Wpcheel
2
Wpctoe
2
H11 Wpctoe
Tstem_top
2
2.63 ft
H12 Wpctoe Tstem_bot
kip
ESvert 3.09
ft
H13 Wpctoe Tstem_bot
kip
ft
RESpc 2.56
kip
RLSpc 3.41
kip
ft
ft
d 1
d 2
d 3
HSoilheel Dpcap
3
HRW
2
HRW
2
1 ft
1
LSvert 4.13 kip
ft
REHpc 21.09
12.12 ft
12.88 ft
12.88 ft
Wpcheel
2
Wpcheel
8.58 ft
12.12 ft
12.12 ft

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5.3 Stability Checks and Bearing Capacity under Service I Limit State per Article 11.6.2
Four Loads Cases are Considered:
Case 1: Includes vertical and horizontal surcharge due to approach slab and horizontal live load surcharge
Case 2: Includes horizontal surcharge due to live load
Case 3: Includes vertical and horizontal live load surcharge and surcharge due to approach Slab
Case 4: Includes vertical and horizontal live load surcharge and weight of approach slab and sidewalk
Table 1: Load Cases Required for Check for Stability and Bearing Capacity at Service Limit State
Load type
Vert. Horiz.
Loads, Loads,
Kips
Kips
Arm,
ft
Service I Factors
Moment at
the Toe,
Stability
Bearing
Kip-ft
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4
DC1
moment slab, sidewalk, parapet

and railing
4.03
2.63
10.57
DC2
Rectangular portion of wall stem
4.08
2.63
10.71
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
DC3
Triangular portion of wall stem

DC dead load
2.04
3.67
7.48
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
DC4
Footing weight
11.85
9.88
117.02
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
39.80
12.13
482.61
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.63
4.08
6.66
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.48
1.00
0.48
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
EV1
EV2
EV3
EHstem
EHf oot
ESv
EShstem
EShf oot
LSv
LShstem
LShf oot
LLped
Rectangular portion of soil

above heel
Triangular portion of soil above
heel
Soil above toe
Horizontal earth pressure at
bottom of stem
bottom of footing
Vertical surcharge due to
moment slab and sidewalk
Horiz. surch. at bot. of stem due
to moment slab & sidewalk
Horiz. surch. at bot. of footing
due to moment slab & sidewalk
3.09
Vertical surcharge live load
4.13
15.04
21.09
Net Moment Capacity, Kip-ft

MaximumVertical Load, Kip
1.0
-8.58
-180.98
1.0
12.13
37.51
1.0
1.0
1.0
-12.88
-32.95
1.0
1.0
12.13
50.02
-12.88
-43.93
1.14
2.63
3.00
1.20
1.20
2.63
2.63
3.15
3.15
2.16
2.56
Horizontal live load surcharge at

bottom of footing
bottom of stem
Pedestrian Live Load
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.88
3.41
1.0
1.0
1.0
404.6 400.0 454.6 463.6
63.0 59.9 67.1 69.2

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5.3.1 Stability Checks against Overturning, Sliding, and Eccentricity

ESv
Tstem_top/2
EV2
Wpcheel
Tstem_top/2
DC2
LSv
EV1
Case 1
HRW/3
DC3
EV3
Heel
Wpcap/2
Toe
HRW/2
Wpctoe/2
DC3
EHfoot
LShfoot EShfoot
Tstem_top/2
EV2
Wpcheel
Tstem_top/2
EV1
Case 2
DC2
Wpctoe/2
HRW/3
DC3
EV3
Toe
Heel
Wpcap/2
DC3
EHfoot
LShfoot

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5.3.1.1 Factor of Safety Against Overturning (Service I)

5.3.1.1.1 Case 1: Includes vertical and horizontal surcharge due to approach slab and horizontal live load
surcharge
Resisting Moment arms are calculated
M resist1 DCsv DCstemrect H5

DC
from the toe (Point A) at the bottom of the

stemtriang H6 DCpcap H7
footing.
EVsv EVSoilheelrect H8 EVSoilheeltriang H9
EV
Soiltoe H10
ESsv ESvert H13

kip ft
Resisting Moment due to Vertical Loads

ft
M overt1 EHsv REHpc d 1 ESsv RESpc d 2 LSsv RLSpc d 3 Overturning Moment due to Horizontal
Loads
M resist1 662.46
M overt1 257.86
FS overt1
kip ft
ft
M resist1
Overturning Factor of Safety
M overt1
FS overt1 2.57
CheckFSovert if FS overt1 2 "OK" "N.G."
Check Overturning
CheckFSovert "OK"
5.3.1.1.2 Case 2: Includes horizontal surcharge due to live load
M resist2 DCsv DCstemrect H5

DC
stemtriang H6 DCpcap H7
EVsv EVSoilheelrect H8 EVSoilheeltriang H9
EV
Soiltoe H10
M resist2 624.95
kip ft
Resisting Moment due to Vertical Loads
ft
M overt2 EHsv REHpc d 1 LSsv RLSpc d 3

M overt2 224.91
FS overt2
Resisting Moment arms are calculated

from the toe (Point A) at the bottom of the
footing.
Overturning Moment due to Horizontal

Loads
kip ft
ft
M resist2
Overturning Factor of Safety
M overt2
FS overt2 2.78
CheckFSovert if FS overt2 2 "OK" "N.G."

CheckFSovert "OK"
Check Overturning

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5.3.1.2 Factor of Safety Against Sliding (Service I) per Article 10.6.3.4 (Case 2)
As per IDOT Bridge Manual, Article 3.10.3.2 Sliding resistance is determined differently depending on
whether the spread footing is setting on granular soil, cohesive soil, or rock. For granular soils, the sliding
resistance is calculated as the vertical resultant, P, times the tangent of the friction angle for footings cast on
in-place aggregate. Shear keys are not recommended for granular soils due to constructability concerns. For
cohesive soils, sliding resistance is calculated as cohesion times the effective footing width B. Lower strength
clays require special attention to ensure adequate sliding resistance and, in some cases, have successfully
utilized shear keys.
Su 6 ksf
Kp 0
Pp Kp Soil Hkey 0 ksf
Passive pressure due to shear key
Rp
1
2
Pp Hkey 0
Lateral Load due to passive pressure on

shear key
kip
ft
5.3.1.2.1 Case 1: Includes vertical and horizontal surcharge due to approach slab and horizontal live load
surcharge
DLvert1 DCsv DCstemrect DCstemtriang DCpcap
EVsv EVSoilheelrect EVSoilheeltriang EVSoiltoe Total Vertical Load
ESsv ESvert
kip
DLvert1 62.97
ft
Assume 50Y for replacing compact soil in front of footing
DLvert1
v1
3.19 ksf
Wpcap
q smin1 min Su 0.5 v1 1.59 ksf

Assume
Vertical effective stress

Shear resistance (LRFD 10.6.3.4)
q s1 Su 6 ksf
kip
Fresist_fric1 q s1 Wpcap Rp 118.5
ft
Friction force resisting sliding
kip
Force causing sliding
Fsliding1 EHsv REHpc ESsv RESpc LSsv RLSpc 27.06
ft
FS sliding1
Fresist_fric1
Fsliding1
4.38
CheckFSsliding1 if FS sliding1 1.5 "OK" "N.G."

CheckFSsliding1 "OK"
Sliding Factor of Safety

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5.3.1.2.2 Case 2: Includes horizontal surcharge due to live load
DLvert2 DCsv DCstemrect DCstemtriang DCpcap

EVsv EVSoilheelrect EVSoilheeltriang EVSoiltoe
Total Vertical Load not Including LLped
kip
DLvert2 59.88
ft
DLvert2
v2
3.03 ksf
Wpcap

Assume
q s2 Su 6 ksf
kip
ft
kip
Fsliding2 EHsv REHpc LSsv RLSpc 24.5
ft
FS sliding2
Fresist_fric2
Fsliding2
4.84
5.3.1.3 Check Eccentricity
AASHTO LRFD 11.6.3.3-Eccentricity Limits
For foundations on soil, the location of the resultant of the reaction forces shall be within the middle two thirds
of the base width.
kip ft
M net1 M resist1 M overt1 404.6
ft
Net moment at bottom of toe

for Case 1 loading
kip
Vvert1 DLvert1 62.97
ft
Total Vertical Load for Case 1 loading
kip ft
ft

for Case 2 loading
kip
Vvert2 DLvert2 59.88
ft
Total Vertical Load for Case 2 loading
Hence the maximum eccentricity due to either Case 1 or Case 2 load configuration is:
ecc
Wpcap
2
Mnet1 Mnet2
3.45 ft
Vvert1 Vvert2
min
Maximum eccentricity from the centerline

of the base

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Checkuplift if ecc
Wpcap
3
"OK" "N.G."
Checkuplift "OK"
Wpcap
3
6.58 ft
5.3.2 Factor of Safety Against Bearing Capacity Failure (Service I)

Tstem_top/2
ESv
EV2
Wpcheel
Tstem_top/2
DC2
EV1
Case 3
HRW/3
DC3
EV3
Toe
HRW/2
Wpctoe/2
Heel
Wpcap/2
DC3
C
EHfoot
LShfoot EShfoot
qu_Bearing
Leff
R

e: eccentricity of resultant


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LSv
Tstem_top/2
DC1
EV2
Wpcheel
Tstem_top/2
EV1
Case 4
DC2
HRW/3
DC3
EV3
Toe
HRW/2
Wpctoe/2
Heel
Wpcap/2
DC3
C
LShfoot
EHfoot
qu_Bearing
Leff

q all 10 ksf
Allowable bearing capacity
5.3.2.1 Case 3: Includes vertical and horizontal live load surcharge and surcharge due
to approach Slab
M resist3 DCsv DCstemrect H5 DCstemtriang H6 DCpcap H7

EVsv EVSoilheelrect H8 EVSoilheeltriang H9 EVSoiltoe H10
ESsv ESvert H13 LSsv LSvert H12

ft
M resist3 712.47 kip
ft
M overt3 EHsv REHpc d 1 ESsv RESpc d 2 LSsv RLSpc d 3

kip ft
ft

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Vvert3 DCsv DCstemrect DCstemtriang DCpcap

ESsv ESvert LSsv LSvert

kip
Vvert3 67.1
ft
Total Vertical Load
Hence the eccentricity of the resultant, R, may be expressed as:

M net3
Wpcap
Eccentricity from the centerline of the base
ecc3
3.1 ft
Vvert3
2
Find effective stress on the bottom of the base due to the applied vertical loads
Per AASHTO LRFD 11.6.3.2, where the wall is supported by a soil foundation, the vertical stress shall be
calculated assuming a uniformly distributed pressure over an effective base length of (B - 2e) where e =
distance from resultant to center of base
Vvert3
vertical stress on bottom of base per LRFD
q eff3
4.95 ksf
Wpcap 2 ecc3
Eq. 11.6.3.2-1
q toe3
q heel3
Vvert3
Wpcap
Vvert3
Wpcap
6 ecc3
Wpcap
6.6 ksf
6 ecc3
Wpcap
Applied bearing pressure at toe due to

Case 3 loading
0.2 ksf
Applied bearing pressure at heel due to

Case 3 loading
5.3.2.2 Case 4: Includes vertical and horizontal live load surcharge and weight of approach slab and
sidewalk transferred to the wall stem
M resist4 DCsv DCtotslab H1 DCstemrect H5 DCstemtriang H6 DCpcap H7

EVsv EVSoilheelrect H8 EVSoilheeltriang H9 EVSoiltoe H10
LLsv LLped H11 LSsv LSvert H12
M resist4 688.53
kip ft
ft
M overt4 EHsv REHpc d 1 LSsv RLSpc d 3

kip ft
ft
Vvert4 DCsv DCtotslab DCstemrect DCstemtriang DCpcap

LLsv LLped LSsv LSvert
kip
Vvert4 69.18
ft
Total Vertical Load

SHEET: 19 OF 59
Hence the eccentricity of the resultant, R, may be expressed as:
ecc4
Wpcap
M net4
Vvert4
Eccentricity from the centerline of the base
3.17 ft
q eff4
q toe4
q heel4
Vvert4
Wpcap 2 ecc4
Vvert4
Wpcap
Vvert4
Wpcap
6 ecc4
Wpcap
6.88 ksf
6 ecc4
Wpcap

Eq. 11.6.3.2-1
5.16 ksf
0.13 ksf
Applied bearing pressure at toe due to

Case 4 loading
Applied bearing pressure at heel due to
Case 4 loading
Maximum applied bearing pressure
q max max q toe4 q heel4 6.88 ksf

5.3.2.3 Check against Bearing Capacity
Maximum vertical stress
q eff max q eff3 q eff4 5.16 ksf
Checkqall if q all q eff "OK" "N.G."
Check bearing capacity
Checkqall "OK"
q toe
q toe3 if q eff3 q eff4
6.88 ksf
Applied bearing pressure at toe
q toe4 otherwise
q heel
q heel3 if q eff3 q eff4

q heel4 otherwise
0.13 ksf
Applied bearing pressure at heel

SHEET: 20 OF 59
5.5 Stability Checks under Strength Limit State

Four Loads Cases are Considered:
Case 1: Includes vertical and horizontal surcharge due to approach slab and horizontal live load surcharge
Case 2: Includes horizontal surcharge due to live load
Case 3: Includes vertical and horizontal live load surcharge and surcharge due to approach Slab
Case 4: Includes vertical and horizontal live load surcharge and weight of approach slab and sidewalk
transferred to the wall stem
Table 2: Load Cases Required for Check for Stability and Bearing Capacity at Strength Limit State
Applied Loads
Vert. Horiz.
Loads, Loads,
Kips
Kips
Arm,
ft
Strength I Factors
Moment at
the Toe,
Stability
Bearing
Kip-ft
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4
DC1
moment slab, sidewalk, parapet

and railing
4.03
2.63
10.57
DC2
Rectangular portion of wall stem
4.08
2.63
10.71
0.90
0.90
1.25
1.25
DC3
Triangular portion of wall stem

DC dead load
2.04
3.67
7.48
0.90
0.90
1.25
1.25
DC4
Footing weight
11.85
9.88
117.02
0.90
0.90
1.25
1.25
39.80
12.13
482.61
1.00
1.00
1.35
1.35
1.63
4.08
6.66
1.00
1.00
1.35
1.35
0.48
1.00
0.48
1.00
1.00
1.35
1.35
-8.58
-180.98
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
12.13
37.51
0.75
1.50
-12.88
-32.95
1.50
1.50
12.13
50.02
-12.88
-43.93
1.14
2.63
3.00
1.75
1.20
1.20
2.63
2.63
3.15
3.15
241.8 263.1 576.2 587.8

60.4 58.1 90.9 93.3
EV1
EV2
EV3
EHstem
EHf oot
ESv
EShstem
EShf oot
LSv
LShstem
LShf oot
LLped
Rectangular portion of soil

above heel
Triangular portion of soil above
heel
Soil above toe
bottom of stem
bottom of footing
Vertical surcharge due to
moment slab and sidewalk
Horiz. surch. at bot. of stem due
to moment slab & sidewalk
Horiz. surch. at bot. of footing
due to moment slab & sidewalk
3.09
Vertical surcharge live load
4.13
15.04
21.09
2.16
2.56

bottom of footing
bottom of stem
Pedestrian Live Load
Net Moment Capacity, Kip-ft

MaximumVertical Load, Kips
1.25
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
2.88
3.41
1.75
1.75

SHEET: 21 OF 59
5.5.1 Check Eccentricity at Strength Limit State per AASHTO LRFD 11.6.3.3
5.5.1.1 Case 1: Includes vertical and horizontal surcharge due to approach slab and horizontal live
load surcharge
Pu_ecc1 DCstrmin DCstemrect DCstemtriang DCpcap
EVstrmin EVSoilheelrect EVSoilheeltriang EVSoiltoe ESstrmin ESvert
kip
Pu_ecc1 60.4
ft
Factored vertical load for eccentricity
M uresist_ecc1 DCstrmin DCstemrect H5 DCstemtriang H6 DCpcap H7

EVstrmin EVSoilheelrect H8 EVSoilheeltriang H9 EVSoiltoe H10
ESstrmin ESvert H13
M uresist_ecc1 639.56
kip ft
ft
M uovert_ecc1 EHstrmax REHpc d 1 ESstrmax RESpc d 2 LSstrmax RLSpc d 2 397.77
kip ft
ft
kip ft
M unet_ecc1 M uresist_ecc1 M uovert_ecc1 241.79

ft
Factored moment for eccentricity
5.5.1.2 Case 2: Includes horizontal surcharge due to live load
Pu_ecc2 DCstrmin DCstemrect DCstemtriang DCpcap

EVstrmin EVSoilheelrect EVSoilheeltriang EVSoiltoe
kip
Pu_ecc2 58.08
ft
Factored vertical load for eccentricity

SHEET: 22 OF 59
M uresist_ecc2 DCstrmin DCstemrect H5 DCstemtriang H6 DCpcap H7

EVstrmin EVSoilheelrect H8 EVSoilheeltriang H9 EVSoiltoe H10
M uresist_ecc2 611.43
kip ft
ft
kip ft
M uovert_ecc2 EHstrmax REHpc d 1 LSstrmax RLSpc d 3 348.35
ft
kip ft
M unet_ecc2 M uresist_ecc2 M uovert_ecc2 263.08
ft
Factored moment for eccentricity
5.5.1.3 Check for Eccentricity

eccecc
Wpcap
2
Munet_ecc1 Munet_ecc2
5.87 ft
Pu_ecc2
Pu_ecc1
min
Checkuplift if eccecc
Wpcap
3
Eccentricity
"OK" "N.G."
Check eccentricity per AASHTO LRFD
11.6.3.3
Checkuplift "OK"
5.5.2 Factor of Safety Against Sliding at Strength Limit State per Article 11.6.3.6
Su 6 ksf
Kp 0
Pp Kp Soil Hkey 0 ksf
Passive pressure due to shear key
Rp
1
2
Pp Hkey 0
Lateral Load due to passive pressure on

shear key
kip
ft
5.5.2.1 Case 1: Includes vertical and horizontal surcharge due to approach slab and horizontal live
load surcharge
kip
Pu_s1 Pu_ecc1 60.4
ft
Factored vertical load for sliding
Pu_s1
v1
3.06 ksf
Wpcap

Assume
q s1 Su 6 ksf
kip
ft

SHEET: 23 OF 59
kip
Fsliding1 EHstrmax REHpc ESstrmax RESpc LSstrmax RLSpc 41.44 Force causing sliding
ft
FS sliding1
Fresist_fric1
2.86
Fsliding1
5.5.2.2 Case 2: Includes horizontal surcharge due to live load

kip
Factored vertical load for sliding
Pu_s2 Pu_ecc2 58.08
ft
Pu_s2
v2
2.94 ksf
Wpcap

Assume
q s2 Su 6 ksf
kip
ft
kip
Fsliding2 EHstrmax REHpc LSstrmax RLSpc 37.6
ft
FS sliding2
Fresist_fric2
Fsliding2
3.15

SHEET: 24 OF 59
5.5.3 Factor of Safety Against Bearing Capacity Failure at Strength Limit State per AASHTO LRFD
11.6.3.2
q uall 15 ksf
5.5.3.1 Case 3: Includes vertical and horizontal live load surcharge and surcharge due to approach
Slab
Pu_b3 DCstrmax DCstemrect DCstemtriang DCpcap
EVstrmax EVSoilheelrect EVSoilheeltriang EVSoiltoe

ESstrmax ESvert LSstrmax LSvert
kip
Pu_b3 90.9
ft
Factored vertical load for bearing

resistance
M uresist_b3 DCstrmax DCstemrect H5 DCstemtriang H6 DCpcap H7

EVstrmax EVSoilheelrect H8 EVSoilheeltriang H9 EVSoiltoe H10
ESstrmax ESvert H13 LSstrmax LSvert H12
M uresist_b3 973.95
kip ft
ft
kip ft
M uovert_b3 EHstrmax REHpc d 1 ESstrmax RESpc d 2 LSstrmax RLSpc d 3 397.77
ft
kip ft
M unet_b3 M uresist_b3 M uovert_b3 576.19
ft
eccb3
Wpcap
2
M unet_b3
Pu_b3
3.54 ft
Factored net moment for bearing

resistance
Eccentricity

SHEET: 25 OF 59
q ueff3
Pu_b3
7.17 ksf
Wpcap 2 eccb3
Pu_b3
q utoe3
Wpcap
q uheel3
6 eccb3
Wpcap
Pu_b3
Wpcap
9.55 ksf
6 eccb3
Wpcap
0.34 ksf

Eq. 11.6.3.2-1
Maximum factored soil pressure at toe for

Case 2 loading
Minimum factored soil pressure at toe for

Case 2 loading
5.5.3.2 Case 4: Includes vertical and horizontal live load surcharge and weight of approach slab and
sidewalk transferred to the wall stem
Pu_b4 DCstrmax DCtotslab DCstemrect DCstemtriang DCpcap
EVstrmax EVSoilheelrect EVSoilheeltriang EVSoiltoe

LSstrmax LSvert LLstrmax LLped
kip
Pu_b4 93.29
ft
Factored vertical load for bearing

resistance
M uresist_b4 DCstrmax DCtotslab H1 DCstemrect H5 DCstemtriang H6 DCpcap H7

EVstrmax EVSoilheelrect H8 EVSoilheeltriang H9 EVSoiltoe H10
LSstrmax LSvert H12 LLstrmax LLped H11
M uresist_b4 936.15
kip ft
ft
kip ft
M uovert_b4 EHstrmax REHpc d 1 LSstrmax RLSpc d 3 348.35
ft
kip ft
M unet_b4 M uresist_b4 M uovert_b4 587.8
ft
eccb4
Wpcap
2
M unet_b4
Pu_b4
3.57 ft
Factored net moment for bearing

resistance
Eccentricity

SHEET: 26 OF 59
q ueff4
Pu_b4
7.4 ksf
Wpcap 2 eccb4
q utoe4
q uheel4
Pu_b4
Wpcap
6 eccb4
Wpcap
Pu_b4
Wpcap

Eq. 11.6.3.2-1
9.85 ksf
6 eccb4
Wpcap
0.41 ksf
Maximum factored soil pressure at toe for

Case 2 loading
Minimum factored soil pressure at toe for

Case 2 loading
5.5.3.3 Check against Bearing Capacity
q ueff max q ueff3 q ueff4 7.4 ksf
Maximum vertical stress
Checkqall if q all q ueff "OK" "N.G."
Check bearing capacity
Checkqall "OK"
q utoe
q utoe3 if q ueff3 q ueff4
9.85 ksf
Applied bearing pressure at toe
q utoe4 otherwise
q uheel
q uheel3 if q ueff3 q ueff4

q uheel4 otherwise
0.41 ksf
Applied bearing pressure at heel

SHEET: 27 OF 59
6. Design of Retaining Wall Stem

The service and ultimate factored moment calculations for the Wall stem are taken at the bottom at point B,
at the center of gravity of the Wall Stem in the horizontal direction
Truncated
Wall Stem
Heel
A
6.1 Combination Factors for Forces applied on the Bottom of Wall Stem
The stem loads that are required include:
Horizontal distances "H" are measured from the c.g. of the stem at the bottom
The c.g. of the stem from its exterior face is:
2
x cstem
Tstem_top Tstem_top Tstem_bot Tstem_bot
3 Tstem_top Tstem_bot
Center of gravity of the truncated wall stem

from the exterior face of the wall
x cstem 0.97 ft
Tstem_top
kip
DCtotslab 4.03
ft
H1 x cstem
kip
DCstemrect 4.08
ft
H5 x cstem
kip
DCstemtriang 2.04
ft
H6 x cstem Tstem_top
LLped 1.14
2
Tstem_top
2
kip
ft
H11 x cstem
Tstem_top
kip
ESvert 3.09
ft
H12 Tstem_top
kip
LSvert 4.13
ft
H13 H12 8.53 ft
0.35 ft
0.35 ft
Tstem_bot Tstem_top
3
0.69 ft
0.35 ft
Tstem_bot Wpcheel Tstem_top

2
x cstem 8.53 ft

SHEET: 28 OF 59
REHstem 15.04
kip
d 1
ft
RESstem 2.16
kip
RLSstem 2.88
kip
d 2
ft
d 3
ft
HSoilheel
3
HSoilheel
2
HSoilheel
2
7.25 ft
10.88 ft
10.88 ft
6.1.1 Retaining Wall Stem Strength I Force Effects

The factored longitudinal shear force at the critical section of the stem is:
VustemstrI EHstrmax REHstem ESstrmax RESstem LSstrmax RLSstem
Factored shear at bottom of wall stem
(Strength I)
kip
VustemstrI 30.85
ft
The factored moment at the base of the stem is:
M ustemstrI DCstrmax DCstemrect H5 DCstemtriang H6

EHstrmax REHstem d 1 ESstrmax RESstem d 2 LSstrmax RLSstem d 3
M ustemstrI 253.7
kip ft
Factored Moment at bottom of wall stem

(Strength I)
ft
6.1.2 Retaining Wall Stem Extreme Event II Force Effects

The following load factors will be used to calculate the force effects for Extreme Event II (AASHTO LRFD
Tables 3.4.1-1 and 3.4.1-2):
DCEEII 1.25 EHEEII 1.50 ESEEII 1.50 LSEEII 0.5
CTEEII 1.00
The factored longitudinal shear force at the base of the stem is (maximum of Case 1 and Case 2):
VustemEEII EHEEII REHstem ESEEII RESstem LSEEII RLSstem
kip
VustemEEII 27.25
ft
The factored moment at the base of the stem is (Case 1):
M ustemEEII DCEEII DCstemrect H5 DCstemtriang H6

EHEEII REHstem d 1 ESEEII RESstem d 2 LSEEII RLSstem d 3
M ustemEEII 214.52
kip ft
ft

SHEET: 29 OF 59
6.1.3 Retaining Wall Stem Service I Force Effects

The service longitudinal shear force at the base of the stem is:
VustemservI EHsv REHstem ESsv RESstem LSsv RLSstem
kip
VustemservI 20.09
ft
The service moment at the base of the stem is:
M ustem_servI DCsv DCstemrect H5 DCstemtriang H6

EHsv REHstem d 1 ESsv RESstem d 2 LSsv RLSstem d 2
M ustem_servI 163.91
kip ft
ft
6.1.4 Maximum Force Effects

The maximum factored stem shear force and moment are:
Vustem_max max VustemstrI VustemEEII
kip
Vustem_max 30.85
ft
M ustem_max max M ustemstrI M ustemEEII

M ustem_max 253.7
Maximum factored stem shear force
Maximum factored stem moment
kip ft
ft
6.2 Design the Reinforcement for Retaining Wall Stem

6.2.1 Applied Loads:
M ustem_servI M ustem_servI 1 ft 163.91 ft kip
Applied Service limit state factored

moment
M ustem_max M ustem_max 1 ft 253.7 kip ft
Applied maximum Strength limit state

factored moment
Vustem_max Vustem_max 1 ft 30.85 kip

factored shear

SHEET: 30 OF 59
6.2.2 Design for Flexure

6.2.2.1 Primary Flexural Reinforcement
Note: The use of epoxy coated reinforcement is required
According to AASHTO 5.7.3.3.2 unless otherwise specified, at any section of a flexural component, the
amount of flexural reinforcement shall be adequate to develop a factored flexural resistance, Mr, at least equal
to the lesser of:
The cracking moment (Mcr) determined from Equation 5.7.3.3.2-1
1.33 times the factored moment required by the applicable strength load combinations specified in
AASHTO Table 3.4.1-1
M ustem_max 253.7 kip ft

factored moment at wall stem per foot
b 12in
Width of concrete strip
Ig
y t
b Tstem_bot Tformliner
12
Tstem_bot Tformliner
2
Ig
Ig 27000 in
Moment of inertia
y t 15 in
Depth at mid-section
Sc
1.8 10 in
yt
Section modulus for the extreme fiber of

the composite section where tensile stress
is caused by externally applied loads
(AASHTO 5.7.3.3.2)
1 1.6
Flexural cracking variability factor

(AASHTO 5.7.3.3.2)
fr 0.24 f'c ksi 0.54 ksi
Modulus of rupture for cracking moment

calculations (AASHTO 5.4.2.6)
3 0.75
Ratio of specified minimum yield strength

to ultimate tensile strength for A615 Grade
60 reinforcement (AASHTO 5.7.3.3.2)
M cr 3 1 fr Sc 96.6 kip ft
M ustem_des
Cracking moment (simplified equation neglects prestressing and noncomposite

terms) (AASHTO LRFD Eqn. 5.7.3.3.2-1)
M cr if M ustem_max M cr
M ustem_max otherwise
M ustem_des 253.7 kip ft
Minimum design moment
Depth to tensile steel reinforcement

1
d ws Tstem_bot 1.27in Tformliner Covers d ws 27.37 in measured from extreme compression fiber
2
of structural wall. For the calculation of
effective depth, d, assume #10 bar.
M ustem_des
Coefficient of resistance
Rn
0.38 ksi
2
0.9 b d ws

SHEET: 31 OF 59
0.85
fy
f'c
0.0066
0.85f'c
2Rn
Calculated ratio of steel for the ultimate

moment in the wall stem
As b d ws 2.16 in
Calculated amount of steel for the ultimate

moment in the wall stem
1 f'c
87 ksi
bal 0.85

0.0335
fy
87 ksi fy
Balanced ratio of steel reinforcement
max 0.75 bal 0.0252
Maximum ratio of steel
For practical purposes a steel ratio up to

1/2max = 1/2x0.75xbal = 0.375bal can
1
pract max 0.0126
2
also be used
Standard reinforcing bar number provided
from AASHTO Appendix B, Table B.4,
selected for the wall stem
Barws 10
Bar#
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Dia(in) Area(in )
0.375
0.11
0.5
0.20
0.625
0.31
0.75
0.44
0.875
0.6
1.00
0.79
1.128
1.00
1.27
1.27
1.41
1.56
Diameter of primary reinforcement
d bws d b1 in 1.27 in
2
Abws Ab1 in 1.27 in
Area of primary reinforcement
Abws
Sws 12
in 7.05 in
As
Calculated spacing of moment

reinforcement
Sws 6in
Selected spacing of moment reinforcement
Abws
2
Asws
12in 2.54 in
Sws
Asws fy
aws
2.99 in
0.85 f'c b
Area of primary reinforcement

Approximate depth of compression block
Equivalent rectangular stress block
reduction factor = 0.85 for f`c <= 4000psi
(AASHTO 5.7.2.2)
1 0.8
cws
aws
1
Depth to neutral section in concrete

section (AASHTO 5.5.4.2.1)
3.74 in
d ws Tstem_bot Tformliner
d bws
2
Covers 27.37 in

measured from extreme compression fiber
of concrete section

SHEET: 32 OF 59
6.2.2.2 Check Moment Strength

Tensile strain in concrete section at tensile
steel reinforcement where a strain of 0.005
is the limiting strain to ensure the concrete
member in flexure will be tension
controlled (AASHTO Figure C5.5.4.2.1-1)
d ws cws
t 0.003
0.019
cws
checkstrain
"Tension Controlled" if t 0.005
checkstrain "Tension Controlled"
"Not Tension Controlled" otherwise

f
0.90 if t 0.005
dws
0.65 0.15 c 1 if 0.002 t 0.005
ws
LRFD reduction factor for bending for

non-prestressed members (AASHTO Eqn.
5.5.4.2.1-2)
0.75 otherwise
f 0.9
aws
Mnstem f Asws fy d ws
295.7 kip ft
2
Flexural resistance for an equivalent 1ft

width of deck (AASHTO 5.7.3.2)
M ustem_des 253.7 kip ft
checkflexure
"O.K." if Mnstem M ustem_des
checkflexure "O.K."
"N.G." otherwise
6.2.2.3 Check for Minimum Reinforcement
M ustem_max 253.7 kip ft
Total Factored moment at Toe per Foot
M cr 96.6 kip ft

checkminflexure
"O.K." if Mnstem min 1.33M ustem_max M cr

checkminflexure "O.K."
"N.G." otherwise

SHEET: 33 OF 59
6.2.2.4 Crack Control

6.2.2.4.1 Stress at Tensile Reinforcement
The control of cracking by distribution of reinforcement must be checked. According to AASHTO
LRFD Article 5.7.3.4, crack control reinforcement is required where tension in the cross-section
exceeds 80% of the modulus of rupture.
M ustem_servI 163.91 kip ft
moment
Es
Modular ratio of steel to concrete moduli of
n
6.76
elasticity
Ec
Depth to tension steel measured from
extreme compressive fiber of the concrete
section
d ws 27.37 in
Asneg 0.44in
Barshtempvert 6
Area of steel in compression. Assume #6

at 12 in spacing CTC
1
d' Covers 0.75in 2.38 in
2
Sshtempvert 12in
Depth to compressive reinforcing steel

measured from extreme compressive fiber
of the concrete section
f ( c)
b c
2
n Asws ( n 1 ) Asneg c n Asws d ws ( n 1 ) Asneg d'
c root f ( c) c 0in Tstem_bot Tformliner 7.42 in
Icr
b c
3
n Asneg ( d' c) n Asws d ws c
y ws d ws c 19.95 in
Mustem_servI y ws
31.06 ksi
Icr
s n
Sum of the statical moments

about the neutral axis
Depth to the neutral axis from extreme

compressive fiber of structural slab
2 8.55 103 in4
Moment of inertia of the doubly

reinforced transformed cracked section
Distance from neutral axis to tensile steel

reinforcement
Tensile stress at tensile steel
reinforcement
6.2.2.4.2 Required Spacing for Crack Control

Maximum Spacing per LRFD 5.7.3.4
Note: AASHTO LRFD 5.7.3.4 states that when tension in the cross-section exceeds 80% of the modulus of
rupture, specified in Article 5.4.2.6, at applicable service limit state load combination, the concrete
deck slab main reinforcement must meet the following spacing limitations.
3
Equivalent deck section modulus at

midspan
S Sc 1.8 10 in
fMserv
M ustem_servI
S
1.09 ksi
Tensile stress at extreme deck due to

Service I Load combinations

SHEET: 34 OF 59
Checkvalidity
"LRFD 5.7.3.4 is Valid" if fMserv 0.8 0.24 f'c ksi Checkvalidity "LRFD 5.7.3.4 is Valid"
"LRFD 5.7.3.4 is Not Valid" otherwise
d c Covers
d bws
2
Thickness of concrete cover measured

from extreme tension fiber to center of the
flexural reinforcement located closest
thereto (AASHTO 5.7.3.4)
2.64 in
Class 2 exposure factor for decks and

substructures exposed to water (AASHTO
5.7.3.4)
cf 0.75
dc
s 1
1.14
0.7 Tstem_bot Tformliner d c
Smax1
dc
700 cf
2 in 9.59 in
s
in
s ksi
Maximum spacing of tensile reinforcing

bars allowed to control flexural cracking of
concrete for service loads (AASHTO Eq.
5.7.3.4-1)

Note: AASHTO LRFD 5.10.3.2 states that the spacing of the reinforcement in walls and slabs shall not
exceed 1.5 times the thickness of the member or 18 in.
Smax2 min Tstem_bot Tformliner 18in 18 in
Smax min Smax1 Smax2 9.59 in
Maximum spacing of steel reinforcing bars

allowed per AASHTO LRFD 5.10.3.2
Maximum allowable spacing of steel
reinforcing bars
Check that the provided spacing is less than the maximum allowable spacing:
checklim
"OK" if Sws Smax

"NG" otherwise
checklim "OK"

SHEET: 35 OF 59
6.2.3 Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement per AASHTO LRFD Article 5.10.8
b Tstem_bot Tformliner 30 in
thickness of stem wall at bottom
h Hstem 261 in
total height of stem wall
1.3 b h
kip
2
2
2Amount of steel reinforcement required for
As_shtemp max0.11in min
0.6in 0.291 in
temperature and shrinkage located at both
2 ( b h ) fy in
sides of the stem
Selected steel bar size for temperature

and shrinkage reinforcement
Barshtempws 5
Bar#
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Dia(in) Area(in )
0.375
0.11
2
2
Abshtempws Ab1 in 0.31 in Area of single reinforcement
0.5
0.20
0.625
0.31
0.75
0.44
0.875
0.6
1.00
0.79
1.128
1.00
1.27
1.27
Abshtempws
Maximum spacing for

Sshtempws min18in 3 Tstem_top Tformliner 12in
12.76 in temperature and shrinkage
As_shtemp
reinforcement in the stem
Sshtempws 12in
Selected spacing for temperature and

shrinkage reinforcement at both sides of
the stem

SHEET: 36 OF 59
6.3 Design for Shear:

The critical section for shear is located at the bottom of the wall stem (top face of footing) but not at distance
dv since the primary flexural reinforcement are located in the face of the stem wall where the load is applied
6.3.1 Simplified procedure for nonprestressed sections according to AASHTO LRFD 5.8.3.4.1
tv Tstem_bot Tformliner
Thickness of the wall stem

2.0
tv 30 in
if tv less than 16 in, then
45deg
b v 12in
value for sections less than 16" in

thickness LRFD [5.8.3.4.1]
width of concrete strip
d vstem max d ws
aws
2
0.9d ws 0.72 tv 25.87 in
Vn1 0.0316 f'c ksi b v d vstem

Vn2 0.25 f'c b v d vstem
Vn1 43.87 kip

Vn2 388.06 kip
Effective shear depth (AASHTO LRFD

Article 5.8.2.9)
Nominal shear resistance (1) (AASHTO
LRFD Eqns. 5.8.3.3-3 and 5.8.3.3-1)
LRFD Eqn. 5.8.3.3-2)
The nominal shear resistance is the lesser of:
Vn min Vn1 Vn2
Vn 43.87 kip
Resistance factor for shear (AASHTO

LRFD Article 5.5.4.2.1)
v 0.9
Vr v Vn
Vr 39.49 kip
kip
Vustem_max 30.85 ft
ft
checklim
Nominal shear resistance (AASHTO LRFD

Article 5.8.3.3)
"OK" if Vr Vustem_max
"N.G." otherwise
Factored shear resistance (AASHTO

LRFD Eqn. 5.8.2.1-2)
Factored shear at critical section of wall
stem (Strength I)
checklim "OK"
Note:
If the Nominal shear resistance is not adequate using =2 and =45 deg, or the concrete section does not
meet the requirements for simplified procedure, use the General procedure of AASHTO LRFD Article 5.8.3.4.2

SHEET: 37 OF 59
6.3.2 General Procedure according to AASHTO LRFD 5.8.3.4.2

2
Area of nonprestressed steel on the

flexural tension side of the member
Factored axial load taken as positive if
tensile and negative if compressive (kip)
As Asws 2.54 in
Nu 0
Vu Vustem_max 30.85 kip
Factored shear at critical section of wall

stem (kip)
sx d vstem 25.87 in
See LRFD Figure 5.8.3.4.2-3: Definition of

crack spacing parameter
M ucs M ustem_max
Absolute value of factored moment at
critical section for shear
M ucs 253.7 kip ft
M u max M ucs Vu d vstem 253.7 kip ft

Mu
ss
d vstem
0.5Nu Vu
2.02 10
Es As
Net longitudinal tensile strain in the

section at the centroid of tension
reinforcement per LRFD Eq. 5.8.3.4.2-4
If the value of s calculated from Eq.
5.8.3.4.2-4 is negative, it should be taken

as zero or the value should be recalculated
with the denominator of Eq. 5.8.3.4.2-4
replaced by (EAs + EpAps + EoAc,).
However, s should not be taken as less
0 if ss 0
2.02 10
ss otherwise
than -0.40 x 10-3 .

sxe max 12in min sx
a
g
in
1.38
80in 25.87 in
0.63
crack spacing parameter per LRFD Eq.

5.8.3.4.2-5
29 3500 s 36.06

4.8
1 750 s
51
sxe
39
in
1.5
Vn1 0.0316 f'c ksi b v d vstem 32.95 kip

Vn2 0.25 f'c b v d vstem 388.06 kip
for sections not containing at least the

minimum amount of transverse
reinforcement (LRFD Eq. 5.8.3.4.2-2)
Nominal shear resistance of a concrete
member LRFD [5.8.3.3]

SHEET: 38 OF 59
Vn min Vn1 Vn2
Vr v Vn
Vn 32.95 kip
Vr 29.66 kip
Vustem_max 30.85 kip

checklim
Factored shear resistance

LRFD Eqn. 5.8.2.1-2)
"OK" if Vr Vustem_max
checklim "N.G."
"N.G." otherwise
Designer note: V of 29.66 is approximately equal to V of 30.85 kip. By inspection, it is OK.
7. Design of Retaining Wall Footing

The flexural reinforcement must be designed at two critical sections for retaining wall footing. The two
sections include the back and front faces of the stem (AASHTO LRFD Article 5.13.3.4).
The service and ultimate factored shear and moment of the Heel and Toe are calculated at the rear and front
face of the Wall Stem, respectively.
Neglect above
soil pressure
Heel
Toe
qmax
wtoe1
qmin
q toe 6.88 ksf
q heel 0.13 ksf

q uheel 0.41 ksf
q utoe 9.85 ksf
7.1 Heel Design for Flexure:

7.1.1 Applied Moment at Heel
The applied vertical loads on the heel of the footing are::
kip
EVSoilheelrect 39.8
ft
Rectangular portion of soil above heel

vertical dead load [EV]
kip
ESvert 3.09
ft
Vertical load due to uniform surcharge

from moment slab applied per linear foot of
wall [ESv]

SHEET: 39 OF 59
kip
LSvert 4.13
ft
Vertical component of live load surcharge

[LSv]
The bearing pressure at the back face of the stem is calculated as:
q bfwall q heel
q toe q heel
Wpcap
Wpcheel
Bearing pressure in the heel at the face of

the wall stem (Service I)
q bfwall 5.34 ksf

q ubfwall q uheel
q utoe q uheel
Wpcap
Wpcheel
Factored Bearing pressure in the heel t the

face of the wall stem (Strength I)
q ubfwall 7.52 ksf

The maximum factored moment applied due to Strength I Limit State on the Heel Footing is:
M uheel_strI DCstrmax conc Dpcap Wpcheel

EVstrmax EVSoilheelrect
Wpcheel
ft

q ubfwall q uheel Wpcheel
1
q uheel Wpcheel
Wpcheel ft
3
2
2
M uheel_strI 327.5 kip ft

The maximum service moment applied due to Service I Limit State on the Heel Footing is:
Wpcheel
M uheel_servI DCsv conc Dpcap Wpcheel
ft
2

EVsv EVSoilheelrect
ESsv ESvert LSsv LSvert

q bfwall q heel Wpcheel
1
q heel Wpcheel
Wpcheel ft
3
2
2
M uheel_servI 211.52 kip ft

Total Factored Moment at Heel per Foot
Total Service Moment at Heel per Foot

SHEET: 40 OF 59
7.1.2.1 Primary Flexural Reinforcement (Top of Heel Footing)

to the lesser of:
Total Factored Moment at Heel per Foot
b 12in
tft Dpcap 48 in
Ig
y t
b tft
3
4
12
tft
2
Ig
Ig 110592 in
Moment of inertia
y t 24 in
Sc
4.61 10 in
yt

(AASHTO 5.7.3.3.2)
1 1.6

(AASHTO 5.7.3.3.2)

3 0.75


M uheel_des
M cr if M uheel_strI M cr
M uheel_strI otherwise
M uheel_des 327.5 kip ft

1
d heel tft 1.27in Coverft 45.37 in

2

of concrete section. For the calculation of

SHEET: 41 OF 59
Rn
M uheel_strI
0.9 b d heel
0.003
0.85f'c

moment in the heel footing
As b d heel 1.64 in

moment in the heel footing
bal 0.0335
max 0.75 bal 0.0252
0.85
fy
0.18 ksi
f'c
2Rn

1/2max = 1/2x0.75xbal = 0.375bal can
1
pract max 0.0126
2
also be used
Barheel 10
2
Bar#
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Dia(in) Area(in )
0.375
0.11
0.5
0.20
0.625
0.31
0.75
0.44
0.875
0.6
1.00
0.79
1.128
1.00
1.27
1.27
1.41
1.56
Sheel 12
Abheel
As
in 9.3 in
Diameter of primary reinforcement in the

heel
d bheel d b1 in 1.27 in
2
Abheel Ab1 in 1.27 in
Area of single primary reinforcement in the

heel

reinforcement
Sheel 6in
Selected Spacing of moment

reinforcement
Abheel
2
Asheel
12in 2.54 in
Sheel
Area of primary reinforcement in the heel
aheel
1 0.8
Asheel fy
0.85 f'c b
2.99 in

(AASHTO 5.7.2.2)

SHEET: 42 OF 59
aheel
cheel
d heel tft

3.74 in
d bheel
2

of concrete section
Coverft 45.37 in

d heel cheel
t 0.003
0.0334
cheel
checkstrain
0.90 if t 0.005
dheel
1 if 0.002 t 0.005
0.65 0.15 c
heel

5.5.4.2.1-2)
0.75 otherwise
f 0.9
Mnheel f Asheel fy d heel
aheel
501.44 kip ft
2
M uheel_des 327.5 kip ft

checkflexure

"O.K." if Mnheel M uheel_des
checkflexure "O.K."
"N.G." otherwise
7.1.2.3 Check for Minimum Reinforcement per AASHTO 5.7.3.3.2
M cr 247.29 kip ft

checkminflexure
"O.K." if Mnheel min 1.33M uheel_strI M cr

"N.G." otherwise

SHEET: 43 OF 59

The control of cracking by distribution of reinforcement must be checked. According to AASHTO LRFD
Article 5.7.3.4, crack control reinforcement is required where tension in the cross-section exceeds 80% of the
modulus of rupture.
moment
n
Es
Ec

elasticity
6.76
d heel 45.37 in

extreme compressive fiber of concrete
section
Asneg 0
Area of steel in compression. Not

considered in the calculations.
1
d' Coverfb 1.27in
2

f ( c)
b c
2
n Asheel ( n 1 ) Asneg c n Asheel d heel ( n 1 ) Asneg d'

c root f ( c) c 0in tft 10.06 in
Icr
b c
3
Muheel_servI y heel
23.79 ksi
Icr
s n
n Asneg ( d' c) n Asheel d heel c
y heel d heel c 35.31 in

2 2.55 104 in4

reinforced transformed cracked
section

reinforcement

reinforcement

SHEET: 44 OF 59

3

midspan
S Sc 4.61 10 in
fMserv
M uheel_servI
S
Checkvalidity
d c Coverft
d bheel
2
2.64 in
dc
s 1
1.08
0.7 tft d c
Smax1
"LRFD 5.7.3.4 is Valid" if fMserv 0.8 0.24 f'c ksi

Checkvalidity "LRFD 5.7.3.4 is Valid"
cf 0.75

0.55 ksi

5.7.3.4)
dc
700 cf
2 in 15.11 in
s
in
s ksi

5.7.3.4-1)

Smax2 min tft 18in 18 in
Smax min Smax1 Smax2 15.11 in

reinforcing bars
checklim
"OK" if Sheel Smax

"N.G." otherwise
checklim "OK"

SHEET: 45 OF 59
7.2 Toe Design for Flexure

7.2.1 Applied Moment at Toe
The bearing pressure at the front face of the stem is:
q ffwall
q uffwall
q heel q toe
Wpcap
Wpctoe q toe 6.19 ksf
q uheel q utoe
Wpcap
Wpctoe q utoe 8.81 ksf
Bearing pressure in the toe at the face of

the wall stem (Service I)
Factored Bearing pressure in the toe t the
face of the wall stem (Strength I)
The loads that are required include:

kip
DLpcap_toe conc Dpcap Wpctoe 1.2
ft
self-weight of toe footing
The maximum factored moment applied due to Strength I Limit State on the Toe Footing is:
Wpctoe
q utoe q uffwall 2Wpctoe

1
q
Wpctoe
uffwall pctoe 2
3
2

M utoe_strI 1ftDCstrmin DLpcap_toe
M utoe_strI 17.93 kip ft

The maximum service moment applied due to Service I Limit State on the Toe Footing is:
Wpctoe
q toe q ffwall 2Wpctoe

1
Wpctoe
q ffwall Wpctoe 2
3
2

M utoe_servI 1ft DCsv DLpcap_toe
M utoe_servI 12.1 kip ft

Once the maximum moment at the critical section is known, the same procedure that was used for the stem
to calculate the flexural reinforcement must be followed. The footing toe flexural reinforcement is located
longitudinally in the bottom of the footing since the bottom of footing is in tension at the critical section.
These bars will extend from the back of the heel to the front of the toe taking into account the clear cover.
Total Factored Moment at Toe per Foot
Total Service Moment at Toe per Foot

SHEET: 46 OF 59
7.2.2.1 Primary Flexural Reinforcement (Bottom of Toe Footing)

to the lesser of:
Total Factored Moment at Toe per Foot
b 12in
tft Dpcap 48 in
Ig
y t
b tft
Thickness of the footing
3
4
12
tft
2
Ig
Ig 110592 in
Moment of inertia
y t 24 in
(AASHTO 5.7.3.3.2)
Sc
in
yt
1 1.6

(AASHTO 5.7.3.3.2)

3 0.75

M utoe_des

M cr if M utoe_strI M cr
M utoe_strI otherwise
M utoe_des 247.29 kip ft

SHEET: 47 OF 59

of concrete section. For the calculation of
1
d toe tft 1.27in Coverfb 3.7 ft
2
Rn
M utoe_des
0.9 b d toe
0.85
fy
f'c
0.14 ksi
0.00237
0.85f'c
2Rn

moment in the toe footing
As b d toe 1.26 in

moment in the toe footing
bal 0.0335
max 0.75 bal 0.0252

1/2max = 1/2x0.75xbal = 0.375bal can
1
pract max 0.0126
2
also be used
Bartoe 10
Bar#
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Dia(in) Area(in )
0.375
0.11
0.5
0.20
0.625
0.31
0.75
0.44
0.875
0.6
1.00
0.79
1.128
1.00
1.27
1.27
1.41
1.56
Diameter of primary reinforcement in the

toe footing
d btoe d b1 in 1.27 in
2
Abtoe Ab1 in 1.27 in
Area of single primary reinforcement
Abtoe
Stoe 12
in 12.1 in
As

reinforcement
Stoe 6in
Selected Spacing of moment

reinforcement
Abtoe
2
Astoe
12in 2.54 in
Stoe
Area of primary reinforcement in the toe

footing

SHEET: 48 OF 59
atoe
Astoe fy
2.99 in
0.85 f'c b

(AASHTO 5.7.2.2)
1 0.8
ctoe
atoe
1
d toe tft

3.74 in
d btoe
2
Coverfb 44.37 in

of concrete section
d toe ctoe
t 0.003
0.0326
ctoe
checkstrain


f
0.90 if t 0.005
dtoe
0.65 0.15 c 1 if 0.002 t 0.005
toe

5.5.4.2.1-2)
0.75 otherwise
f 0.9
Mntoe f Astoe fy d toe
atoe
490.01 kip ft
2
M utoe_des 247.29 kip ft

checkflexure
"O.K." if Mntoe M utoe_strI

"N.G." otherwise

checkflexure "O.K."

SHEET: 49 OF 59
7.2.2.3 Check for Minimum Reinforcement per AASHTO 5.7.3.3.2

M cr 247.29 kip ft

checkminflexure
"O.K." if Mntoe min 1.33M utoe_strI M cr
"N.G." otherwise
The control of cracking by distribution of reinforcement must be checked. According to AASHTO LRFD
Article 5.7.3.4, crack control reinforcement is required where tension in the cross-section exceeds 80% of the
modulus of rupture.
moment

n
Es
Ec

elasticity
6.76
d toe 44.37 in

extreme compressive fiber of concrete
section
Asneg 0
Area of steel in compression. Not

considered in the calculation
1
d' Coverft 1.27in 2.64 in
2

f ( c)
b c
2
n Astoe ( n 1 ) Asneg c n Astoe d toe ( n 1 ) Asneg d'

c root f ( c) c 0in tft 9.93 in

Icr
b c
3
Mutoe_servI y toe
1.39 ksi
Icr
s n
n Asneg ( d' c) n Astoe d toe c
y toe d toe c 34.43 in

2 2.43 104 in4

reinforced transformed cracked section

reinforcement
reinforcement

SHEET: 50 OF 59

3

midspan
S Sc 4.61 10 in
fMserv
M utoe_servI
S
Checkvalidity
"LRFD 5.7.3.4 is Valid" if fMserv 0.8 0.24 f'c ksi

d c Coverfb

0.03 ksi
d btoe
3.63 in
Checkvalidity "LRFD 5.7.3.4 is Not Valid"

5.7.3.4)
cf 0.75
dc
s 1
1.12
0.7 tft d c
dc
700 cf
Smax1
2 in 330.22 in
s
in
s ksi

5.7.3.4-1)

Smax2 min tft 18in 18 in
Smax min Smax1 Smax2 18 in

reinforcing bars
checklim
"OK" if Stoe Smax

"N.G." otherwise
checklim "OK"

SHEET: 51 OF 59
7.3 Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement per AASHTO LRFD Article 5.10.8
b Wpcap 237 in
total width of footing from outside to

outside
h tft 48 in
thickness of footing
1.3 b h
kip
2
2
2Amount of steel reinforcement required for
As_shtemp max0.11in min
0.6in 0.432 in
temperature and shrinkage
2 ( b h ) fy in
Selected steel bar size for temperature

and shrinkage reinforcement located in the
transverse top and bottom of footing
Barshtempft 7
Bar#
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Dia(in) Area(in )
0.375
0.11
2
2
Abshtemp Ab1 in 0.6 in
0.5
0.20
0.625
0.31
0.75
0.44
0.875
0.6
1.00
0.79
1.128
1.00
1.27
1.27
Area of single reinforcement
Abshtemp
Sshtempft min 18in 3 tft 12in

16.65 in
As_shtemp
Maximum spacing for temperature and

shrinkage reinforcement
Sshtempft 12in
Selected spacing for temperature and

shrinkage reinforcement

SHEET: 52 OF 59
7.4 Design for Shear

Shear design in retaining wall footings consists of having adequate resistance against one-way and
two-way actions. (Two-way shear does not apply for the spread footing). The design shear is taken at a
critical section. For retaining walls, one-way action is checked in the toe and heel. The factored shear
force at the critical section is computed by cutting the footing at the critical section and summing the
loads that are outside the critical section.
7.4.1 One-Way Shear Force at Footing Heel
For one-way action in the retaining wall footing heel the critical section is taken as follows:
d bheel
Assumed effective depth
d heel tft Coverft
d heel 45.37 in
2
aheel 2.99 in
Depth of equivalent stress block at heel
b v 12in
Effective web width per 1ft strip
d vheel max d heel
aheel
2
0.9d heel 0.72 tft

Article 5.8.2.9)
The bearing pressure at distance dv from the back face of the stem is calculated as:
q bfwall 5.34 ksf
Bearing stress in the heel at the face of the

wall stem (Service I)
q ubfwall 7.52 ksf
Bearing stress in the heel at the face of

the wall stem (Strength I)
The factored one-way shear force and Moment at the retaining wall footing heel critical section on a per foot
basis is:
Vuheel DCstrmax conc Dpcap Wpcheel
EVstrmax EVSoilheelrect
1ft

qubfwall q uheel
Wpcheel

Vuheel 22.82 kip


SHEET: 53 OF 59
7.4.2 One-Way Shear Force at Footing Toe

For one-way action in the retaining wall footing toe, the critical section is taken as follows:
d btoe
Assumed effective depth
d toe tft Coverfb
d toe 44.37 in
2
Depth of equivalent stress block at toe
atoe 2.99 in
d vtoe max d toe
atoe
2
0.9d toe 0.72 tft

Article 5.8.2.9)
d vtoe 42.87 in
Effective web width per 1ft strip
b v 12in
The factored one-way shear force at the retaining wall footing toe critical section on a per foot basis is:
Vutoe 1ft DCstrmin DLpcap_toe
q utoe q uffwall
2
Wpctoe
Vutoe 17.59 kip

7.4.3 Check for Shear in Footing Heel
The critical section for shear in the heel is located at the interior face of the wall stem but not at distance dv
since the primary flexural reinforcement are located in the top face of the heel where the load is applied
7.4.3.1 Simplified procedure for nonprestressed sections according to AASHTO LRFD 5.8.3.4.1
d v d vheel
2.0
tv tft 48 in if tv less than 16 in, then
45deg

Vn1 0.0316 f'c ksi b v d v
Vn1 74.4 kip

LRFD Eqns. 5.8.3.3-3 and 5.8.3.3-1)
Vn2 0.25 f'c b v d v
Vn2 658.06 kip

LRFD Eqn. 5.8.3.3-2)
Vn min Vn1 Vn2
Vn 74.4 kip

v 0.9
Vr v Vn

Article 5.8.3.3)
Vr 66.96 kip

LRFD Eqn. 5.8.2.1-2)

SHEET: 54 OF 59
Vuheel 22.82 kip

checklim
Factored shear at critical section of heel

"OK" if Vr Vuheel
checklim "OK"
"N.G." otherwise
Note:
7.4.3.2 General Procedure according to AASHTO LRFD 5.8.3.4.2
As Astoe 2.54 in

Nu 0

Vu Vuheel 22.82 kip
Factored shear force (kip)
sx d v 43.87 in

M ucs M uheel_strI
M ucs 327.5 kip ft
M u max M ucs Vu d v 327.5 kip ft

Mu
ss
dv
0.5Nu Vu
1.53 10
Es As


0 if ss 0
1.53 10
ss otherwise
than -0.40 x 10-3 .

sxe max 12in min sx
a
g
in
1.38
0.63
80in 43.87 in

5.8.3.4.2-5

SHEET: 55 OF 59
29 3500 s 34.34

4.8
1 750 s
51
sxe
39
in

1.38

Vn1 0.0316 f'c ksi b v d v 51.24 kip

Vn2 0.25 f'c b v d v 658.06 kip
Vn min Vn1 Vn2
Vr v Vn
Vn 51.24 kip
Vr 46.12 kip
Factored shear at critical section of heel

Vuheel 22.82 kip

checklim
"OK" if Vr Vuheel
checklim "OK"
"N.G." otherwise
7.4.4 Check for Shear in Footing Toe:

7.4.4.1 Simplified procedure for nonprestressed sections according to AASHTO LRFD 5.8.3.4.1
d v d vtoe
2.0
tv tft 48 in if tv less than 16 in, then
45deg

Vn1 0.0316 f'c ksi b v d v
Vn1 72.7 kip

LRFD Eqns. 5.8.3.3-3 and 5.8.3.3-1)
Vn2 0.25 f'c b v d v
Vn2 643.06 kip

LRFD Eqn. 5.8.3.3-2)
Vn min Vn1 Vn2
Vn 72.7 kip

Article 5.8.3.3)

SHEET: 56 OF 59

v 0.9
Vr v Vn
Vr 65.43 kip
Vutoe 17.59 kip

checklim

LRFD Eqn. 5.8.2.1-2)
LRFD Eqn. 5.8.2.1-2)
"OK" if Vr Vutoe
checklim "OK"
"N.G." otherwise
Note:
7.4.4.2 General Procedure according to AASHTO LRFD 5.8.3.4.2
2
As Astoe 2.54 in

Nu 0

Vu Vutoe 17.59 kip
Factored shear force (kip)
sx d v 42.87 in

M ucs M utoe_strI
M ucs 17.93 kip ft
M u max M ucs Vu d v 62.83 kip ft

Mu
ss
dv
0.5Nu Vu
Es As
4.78 10


s
0 if ss 0
ss otherwise
4.78 10

than -0.40 x 10-3 .

SHEET: 57 OF 59
sxe max 12in min sx
a
g
in
1.38
80in 42.87 in
0.63

5.8.3.4.2-5
29 3500 s 30.67

4.8
1 750 s
51
sxe
39
in
2.2
Vn1 0.0316 f'c ksi b v d v 80.03 kip

Vn2 0.25 f'c b v d v 643.06 kip

Vn min Vn1 Vn2

Vr v Vn
Vn 80.03 kip
Vr 72.03 kip
Vutoe 17.59 kip

checklim
"OK" if Vr Vutoe
"N.G." otherwise

LRFD Eqn. 5.8.2.1-2)
checklim "OK"

SHEET: 58 OF 59
8. Summary of Retaining Wall Reinforcement

Summary of Wall Geometry:
Stem Cross section:
Tstem_bot 2.5 ft
Stem wall thickness at foundation
Tstem_top 1.25 ft
Stem wall thickness at top
Footing Cross section:

Wpcap 19.75 ft
Width of the footing base
Dpcap 4 ft
Depth of the footing
Wpctoe 2 ft
Width of the footing toe
Wpcheel 15.25 ft
width of the footing heel
Summary of Wall Reinforcement:

Wall Stem Reinforcement:
For VERTICAL-BACK FACE Reinforcement Provide the following reinforcement bar size at
the following spacing:
Barws 10
Steel reinforcement bar size
Sws 6 in
Spacing between steel reinforcements CTC
For Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement provide reinforcement on the FRONT

FACE in the VERTICAL DIRECTION as follows:
Barshtempvert 6
Sshtempvert 12 in Spacing between steel reinforcements CTC
For Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement provide reinforcement on BOTH FACES in

the HORIZONTAL DIRECTION as follows:
Barshtempws 5
Sshtempws 12 in

SHEET: 59 OF 59
Footing Reinforcement:
For HEEL reinforcement on the TOP along the width of the FOOTING Provide the following
reinforcement bar size at the following spacing:
Barheel 10
Sheel 6 in
For TOE reinforcement on the BOTTOM along the width of the FOOTING Provide the
following reinforcement bar size at the following spacing:
Bartoe 10
Stoe 6 in
For Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement on TOP and BOT TOM along the length of
the FOOTING Provide the following reinforcement bar size at the following spacing:
Barshtempft 7
Sshtempft 12 in Spacing between steel reinforcements CTC

Mathcad - Final Version - Vertical Cantilever Retaining Wall - CTA 95th Street - Typical SE - Without Column Canopy Pedestal

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Mathcad - Final Version - Vertical Cantilever Retaining Wall - CTA 95th Street - Typical SE - Without Column Canopy Pedestal

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PROJECT NUMBER: HBM1301-568

PROJECT NAME: CTA-95th St Terminal Improvement

PROJECT NUMBER: HBM1301-568

1.1 Material Properties

Concrete unit weight

Concrete strength at 28 days age

Correction factor for source of aggregate

coarse aggregate size

f'c ksi 4.29 10 ksi

0.85 if f'c 4.0ksi

if 4ksi f'c 8ksi

Concrete elastic modulus

Steel yield stress

PROJECT NUMBER: HBM1301-568

1.2 Reinforcement Steel Cover Requirements

Stem back cover

Footing top cover

Footing bottom cover

1.3 Soil Properties

Unit weight of water

Soil unit weight (use average of loose and

Soil unit weight of Live load surcharge

Obtained from geotechnical information

1.4 Footing Bed Properties (Clay)

Undrained shear strength

Passive pressure coefficient

Allowable bearing capacity

Ultimate bearing capacity

2. Retaining Wall Dimensions

Stem wall height

Stem wall thickness at foundation

Tstem_top 1ft 3in 1.25 ft

Stem wall thickness at top

Shear key height

PROJECT NUMBER: HBM1301-568

2.2 Footing Dimensions

Footing toe width

Wpcheel Wpcap Tstem_bot Wpctoe 15.25 ft

Footing heel width

2.3 Sidewalk, Approach Slab, Parapet and Railing Loads

Approach slab thickness

Approach slab length

DCappslab Tappslab conc

weight of approach slab transferred to the

Weight of sidewalk per foot

Weight of New Jersey parapet per foot

PROJECT NUMBER: HBM1301-568

Figure 1. Retaining Wall Dimensions

PROJECT NUMBER: HBM1301-568

3. Applied Loads Calculations

EH: Horizontal earth pressure

construction (before concrete cures)

R: Resultant of vertical loads

qu_Bearing: equivalent bearing pressure from R

PROJECT NUMBER: HBM1301-568

Rectangular portion of retaining wall stem

Triangular portion of retaining wall stem

3.1.3 Footing Dead Load [DC4]:

Footing vertical [DC4] dead load

3.2 Earth Loads

Soil height above footing heel

Rectangular portion of soil above heel

Triangular Portion of Soil Above Heel Dead Load [EV2]