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B competition
C succession
D evolution
4
3
2
1
C Water beetles
D Water mites
9. Which of the following show the changes of rabbit and fox population in an ecosystem?
A.
C.
B.
D.
Represented
by Box
Definition
Producer
Consumer
B,C, D
Herbivore
..
Carnivore
Feed on animals Eg : ..
Omnivore
...
Feed on . and
Eg: crow
.
.
(b) Which box represents the trophic level which receives the least energy?
(c) Which box represents the largest total mass of living organisms?
Bird A
Bird B
Bird C
Bird D
Bird E
Small fish
Zooplankton
Oysters
Algae
Snails
Garden Plants
(a) The sun is the ultimate source of energy of the food web. Name the process by which the
suns energy enters the ecosystem through the algae and leaves of garden plants.
.
(b) (i) Name the biological relationship between birds D and E.
(ii) Describe and explain one possible effect on the population of bird D if there is a great
reduction in the population of bird E.
(c) What is the term used to describe the diet of the small fish and the snail
(i)
(d) (i) Name two groups of organisms that are not shown in the diagram but they are very
important to maintain the food web shown above.
1.
2.
(ii) How do they help to maintain the above ecosystem in a balanced state.
(e) (i) Construct one food chain of five organisms which are shown in the above food web.
(ii)
.
(iii) State two ways in which energy is lost along the food chain.
1.
2. .
D :
[4 marks]
(ii) Among the mangrove trees stated in (a) (i), which is the pioneer species?
[2 marks]
(b) State two problems faced by the pioneer species in the colonization of
swampy area.
...
......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks ]
(c) Explain two adaptive characteristics that enable the pioneer species to survive in
the swamp area.
....
. ..
...................
[2 marks]
[ 1 mark ]
[1 mark]
13. Figure above shows an oil palm estate. An oil palm estate is identified as a habitat for owls and
rats. The manager of oil palm estate plans to use biology control to control the population size of rats
which are damaging the oil palm in the estate.
Based on ecological studies, some students have carried out a study to estimate the size of the rats
population between the area of estate. The result obtained are recorded in Table 1
Steps in the collection of
samples
Number of rats captured,
markes and released
Number of rats recaptured 3
days later
Number of marked rats
Station X
Station Y
110
70
130
50
60
25
(a) What technique is used for estimating the population of the rat?
..
1 mark]
(b) (i) Give two characteristics of the material used for marking the rat.
..
..
.
2 marks]
( b )(ii) Where will you release the rat after they are marked?
..
..
[1 mark]
(c) Why are the rat caught again after three days?
[1 mark]
(d) Estimate the population of the rat in station X and station Y.
.
..
........
.
[2 marks]
(e) Give three reasons for the difference in the population of the rat in two stations.
...
..
.
.
[3 marks]