Professional Documents
Culture Documents
General
The initial set of Approach-and-Landing Flight Operations Briefing Notes has been
developed by Airbus in the frame of the Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction
(ALAR) Task Force led by the Flight Safety Foundation (FSF).
The Approach-and-Landing Flight Operations Briefing Notes provide background
information,
operational
recommendations
and
training
guidelines
for
the implementation of the conclusions and recommendations of the following
international ALAR working groups:
U.S. Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST), ALAR Joint Safety Implementation
Team (JSIT).
Lessons-learned from the Airbus operational and human factors analysis of in-service
occurrences and from training feedback have been also considered.
A generic version of the ALAR Briefing Notes has been published by the FSF,
in the Volume 19, No 8-11, Aug.-Nov./00 of the FSF Flight Safety Digest and in the FSF
ALAR Tool Kit (CD-ROM).
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II
Accident-prevention Strategy
The Flight Operations Briefing Notes have been designed to allow an eye-opening and
self-correcting accident-prevention strategy.
To support this strategy, each Flight Operations Briefing Note:
Presents the subject and its associated hazard to flight operations safety, using
background information and statistical data;
Emphasizes the applicable standards and best practices (e.g., standard operating
procedures [SOPs], supplementary techniques, operational recommendations and
training guidelines);
Lists and discusses the operational and human factors that may cause flight
crewmembers and cabin crewmembers to deviate from applicable standards;
This section constitutes an eye-opener to assist the reader in assessing his/her own
exposure;
References related ICAO, U.S. FAR and European JAR regulatory documents.
The proposed education and training strategy is valid at both company and personal
levels for:
III
Risk awareness;
Exposure assessment;
Identification of related prevention strategies (at company level) and lines-ofdefense (at company and/or personal levels); and,
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This reference aircraft features the following equipment to allow discussing the role and
operation of each system during each flight phase:
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Automatic ground-spoilers;
Autobrake system;
Thrust reversers;
Operating philosophy;
Use of automation;
Briefings;
Normal checklists.
Operational documentation:
Training:
Simulator Training, to develop new scenarios for line oriented flight training
(LOFT) or special purpose operational training (SPOT); and/or,
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Information:
Stand-alone reading.
Line pilots, line flight attendants and flight operations personnel should review and
compare the recommendations, guidelines and awareness information with their
current practices and enhance their techniques and awareness level, as required.
Other actors in the global aviation system, such as:
Operational authorities;
should use the provision of the Flight Operations Briefing Notes to evaluate their
possible contribution to the enhancement of ground and flight safety.
Statistical Data
Statistical data quoted in the Flight Operations Briefing Notes originate from various
industry sources.
The following Special FSF Report provides a consolidated source of statistical data,
definitions and facts about approach-and-landing accidents, including those involving
CFIT:
Flight Safety Foundation
Flight Safety Digest
Killers in Aviation:
FSF Task Force Presents Facts
About Approach-and-landing and
Controlled-flight-into-terrain Accidents
Volume 17/No 11-12 Volume 18/No 1-2
Nov.-Dec.98/Jan.-Feb.99
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VI
Reference Documents
The following reference documents have been used to:
Document and analyze the operational factors and human factors involved in
incidents and accidents
Proceedings of:
U.S. FAR Part 121 Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental
Operations; and,
U.S. FAA Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Basic Flight Information and
ATC Procedures.
Several airlines aircraft operating manuals (AOM) have been used to document
operators best practices for non-type-related operational matters.
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In addition, Airlines Flight Safety Magazines, Incident and Accident Analysis Reports,
Feature Articles from various aviation publications have been used as data sources.
VII
Acknowledgement
Airbus is grateful to various airlines and industry professionals who have kindly
contributed to this effort by reviewing the Flight Operations Briefing Notes in their
respective fields of expertise.
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This FOBN is part of a set of Flight Operations Briefing Notes that provide an overview of the applicable standards,
flying techniques and best practices, operational and human factors, suggested company prevention strategies and personal
lines-of-defense related to major threats and hazards to flight operations safety.
This FOBN is intended to enhance the reader's flight safety awareness but it shall not supersede the applicable regulations
and the Airbus or airline's operational documentation; should any deviation appear between this FOBN and the Airbus or
airlines AFM / (M)MEL / FCOM / QRH / FCTM / CCOM, the latter shall prevail at all times.
In the interest of aviation safety, this FOBN may be reproduced in whole or in part - in all media - or translated; any use of
this FOBN shall not modify its contents or alter an excerpt from its original context. Any commercial use is strictly excluded.
All uses shall credit Airbus.
Airbus shall have no liability or responsibility for the use of this FOBN, the correctness of the duplication, adaptation or
translation and for the updating and revision of any duplicated version.
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