Comprehensive CHEMISTRYXI

Value Based Questions

CHAPTER 2
1. Radiowaves are used for broadcasting radio
signals whereas microwaves are used for
telecommunication. Both of these are
electromagnetic waves.
Answer the following questions:
(i) Which radio station broadcasts at a longer
wavelengthan FM radio station or an AM
radio station.
(ii) Out of FM radiowaves and microwaves which
are more energetic and can be harmful to
human beings.
(iii) An FM radio station broadcasts at a frequency
of 103.1 MHz. What is the wavelength of these
radiowaves in meters?
2. By studying the spectrum of light coming from
some distant star, it becomes possible to identify
the elements present on the star.
Answer the following questions:
(i) How does a scientist identify the elements
present on the star by studying the spectrum
of light from the star?
(ii) What are the wavelengths of the two
characteristic lines in the visible region in the
atomic spectrum of sodium?

CHAPTER 3
3. Most of the elements that exist in nature are
metals. The most abundant metal in the earths
crust belongs to p-block while the second most
abundant metal belongs to d-block.
The lightest metal that has sufficient mechanical
strength to be used in construction, belongs to
s-block.
Metals are important natural resource and
should be used judiciously.
What is the group number and period of the
following elements?
(i) The most abundant metal.
(ii) The second most abundant metal.
(iii) The lightest metal that is used in construction.

CHAPTER 6
4. About 7580% of the worlds total requirement
of energy is in the form of heat energy. We meet
this requirement mostly from the combustion of
fossil fuels. Slowly and gradually we are getting
into the grip of energy crisis.
Answer the following questions:
(i) Can we convert one form of energy into another?
Name the law you rely upon while answer in
this question.
(ii) If there is conversation of energy in all chemical
and physical processes, why are we facing
energy crisis? Explain.

CHAPTER 7A
5. Nitric oxide catalyses decomposition of ozone in
the upper atmosphere. Nitric oxide is an air
pollutant formed the reaction of N2 and O2 from
air at high temperatures such as combustion
temperatures in automobile and airplane
engines. Besides NO, the exhaust gases from
automobile engines also contain CO and unburnt
hydrocarbons as pollutants. Modern automobile
engines are fitted with catalytic converters. In
the petrol engines which are fitted with catalytic
converters lead-free petrol is used.
Answer the following questions:
(i) What is the role of catalytic converter in the
automobiles?
(ii) Name the major pollutants present in the
exhaust gases of automobiles.
(iii) Which pollutant catalyses decomposition of
ozone into oxygen?
(iv) How does ozone in the upper atmosphere help
plants and animals on earth?

CHAPTER 7B
6. Carbonic acid solutions play an important role
in environment chemistry. Carbon dioxide gas

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2
released into the atmosphere, by burning fossil
fuels and forest fires, dissolves in rain, rivers,
lakes, etc. making them acidic.
Answer the following questions:
(i) What is the molecular formula of carbonic
acid?
(ii) Is carbonic acid monoprotic or a polyprotic
acid?
(iii) Is carbonic acid a weak acid or a strong acid?
(iv) Give chemical equation representing ionization
of carbonic acid.
7. Natural rainwater is slightly acidic and has a
pH of about 5.7. This is due to presence of
carbonic acid in rainwater. However due to the
presence of pollutants such as SO2 and NO2 in
the air some rainwater has a pH as low as 1.0.
SO2 and NO2 are generated as by products of
industrial energy production by roasting of
sulphide ores and by combustion of natural gas,
petrol, diesel etc. The high acidity of rainwater
has devastating effects on environment.
Answer the following questions:
(i) Give chemical equations for the formation of
acids by dissolution of CO2, SO2 and NO2 in
water.
(ii) Rainwater in an industrial area has a pH
of 1.5. Calculate [H3O+] and [OH] in this
rainwater.
(iii) List any two adverse effects of highly acidic
rainwater on environment.

CHAPTER 9
8. Certain compound X contains hydrogen and
oxygen elements. It covers about 75% of earths
surface. It is also a major part of all living
organisms. Human body contains about 65% of X.
A unique feature of X is that X in solid state
floats over X in liquid state.
Answer the following questions:
(i) What is chemical constitution of X?
(ii) What ecological significance is associated with
the fact that X(s) floats of X(l)?
(iii) Only a very small percentage (2.5%) of total
X on earth is available for human
consumption. Why?
9. In the school laboratory, the chemistry teacher
instructed the laboratory attendents to store a

CHEMISTRYXI

liquid substance of hydrogen and oxygen element

in brown bottles in dark room. He also told to
add some area to it and keep it free from dust.
The substance can act as oxidising agent and
reducing agent both in acidic and alkaline media.
Answer the following questions:
(i) Name the liquid substance.
(ii) Give its structure.
(iii) What value does it carry in pollution control
of domestic and industrial effluents?

CHAPTER 10
10. Potassium metal reacts with excess oxygen to
form potassium superoxide, KO2. KO2 is used in
space capsules, submarines and breathing masks
because it removes CO2 and at the same time
produces oxygen.
Answer the following questions:
(i) Give chemical equations for the reaction of KO2
with CO2 and with water.
(ii) What is the oxidation state of oxygen in KO2?
(iii) Give electron dot structure of superoxide ion.

CHAPTER 13
11. BHT is an antioxidant and is used as a food
preservative. It is a mixture of structural isomers
of butylated hydroxytoluenes. The major
component in BHT is 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4methylphenol. It is prepared industrially by the
reaction of p-methylphenol and 2-methylpropene,
in the presence of acid, using methanol as
solvent.
Answer the following questions:
(i) What is the structural formula of the major
component in BHT?
(ii) How do you explain the formation of this
component by reaction of p-methylphenol and
2-methylpropene in the presence of acid?
(iii) Write the mechanism of the reaction involved.
[Hint: OH group is very strong activating group
where CH3 group is mild activating group.]
12. Combustion of carbon containing compounds
with limited supply of oxygen yields polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons which are carcinogenic
as well as mutagenic. Some polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons have been isolated from tobacco
smoke.

VALUE BASED QUESTIONS

Answer the following questions:

(i) Give examples of any two polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons.
(ii) A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon has
molecular formula C10H8. Draw the various
possible resonating structure of this compound.
(iii) Explain why tobacco smoking is injurious to
health?

CHAPTER 14
13. Drycleaners in your area frequently use
tetrachloroethane for the purpose of drycleaning.
They were advised to use liquefied carbon dioxide
with suitable detergent as an alternative solvent.
Answer the following questions:
(i) What type of harm to the environment can be
prevented by avoiding the use of
tetrachloroethane?
(ii) Will the use of liquefied carbon dioxide and
detergent be completely safe from the point of
view of pollution? Comment.
14. During the educational trip, a group of students
visited a village having a beautiful lake. The
students collected some plants samples and
noticed that some villagers are washing clothes

around the lake. They also observed the dumping

of waste material from the houses into the lake
at certain points.
After few years, the students happened to visit
the same village again. They were shocked to find
the green cover over the lake water which was
unusable and badly stinking.
Answer the following questions:
(i) What is the name of green cover over lake
water?
(ii) Why the lake water had developed bad smell?
(iii) How this situation could have been avoided?
Give your views.
15. On visit to your friends farmhouse you find that,
the farmer uses excessive pesticides on his farm.
The produce of his farm was being used as a food
for rearing fishes. Your friend was shocked to
know that the fish of his farm were not fit for
human consumption.
Answer the following questions:
(i) What can be the possible reason for fish to be
declared unfit as human food?
(ii) How can you explain your friend the cause of
this situation to develop?
(iii) What suggestion you will give for future?

HINTS/ANSWERS
N Chapter 2 N
1.

(i) AM Radio station broadcasts at longer

wavelength.
(ii) Microwaves are more energetic as they have
smaller wavelengths. Their photons have
more energy. Microwaves can be harmful to
human beings.
(iii) c =

c
3 108 m s1
=
= 2.91 m.
103.1 106 s1
2. (i) Each element has characteristic line spectrum.
By comparing the lines present in the spectrum
of light from the star with those of the atomic
spectra of elements a scientist identifies the
elements present on the star. The presence of
element helium on the sun, was detected by
studying the spectrum of light from the sun.
(ii) 589.2 nm and 589.6 nm. These wavelengths
are responsible for the golden yellow light
emitted by sodium vapour lamps.

N Chapter 3 N
3.

(i) The most abundant metal is aluminium. It

belongs to group-13 and period-3.
(ii) The second most abundant metal is iron. It
belongs to group-8 and period-4.
(iii) The lightest metal that is used in construction
is magnesium.
It belongs to group-2 and period-3.

N Chapter 6 N
4.

(i) Conversion of one form of energy into another

form is possible as per the statement of first
law of thermodynamics. However, complete
conversion of heat into work is not possible.
No heat engine can have 100% efficiency.
(ii) The energy crisis is not because of nonvalidity of first law of thermodynamics but it
is because of drying up of natural sources of
fossil fuels which are frequently used for

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generating heat energy. In combustion of
fossil fuels we convert chemical energy into
heat energy which is a random form energy
and cannot be completely converted into work
energy.

N Chapter 7A N
(i) The catalytic converter in automobiles
converts NO to N2 and O2, CO to CO2, and
hydrocarbons to CO2 and H2O.
(ii) Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and
hydrocarbons.
(iii) Nitric oxide catalyses decomposition of ozone
into oxygen.
(iv) It protects plants and animals from the
harmful ultraviolet radiations, present in the
sun rays, by absorbing these radiations.

N Chapter 7B N
6.

9.

H2CO3
It is a diprotic (polyprotic) acid.
Carbonic acid is a weak acid.
H2CO3 (aq)
H+ (aq) + HCO3 (aq)

HCO 3 (aq)
H+ (aq) + CO2
3 (aq).
7. (i) CO2(g) + H2O(l) H2CO3(aq)
SO2(g) + H2O(l) H2SO3(aq)
2NO2(g) + H2O(l) HNO3(aq) + HNO2(aq)
(ii) pH = 1.50
log[H3O+] = pH = 1.50
log[H3O+] = 1.50 = 2.50
[H3O+] = 3.16 102 M

(ii)
(iii)

N Chapter 10 N
10.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

[OH] =

Kw
1 10 14
=
[H3O+ ] 3.162 10 2

= 3.16 1013 M
(iii) (a) It corrodes the monuments and buildings
which are made up of marble.
(b) It promotes rusting.
(c) It harms the leaves of plants.

(i)

frozen water does not sink to the bottom but

keeps floating at the surface. This provides
thermal insulation to the water below it.
Most of the surface water is locked up in polar
ice caps, glaciers or under the ground and is
not readily available.
The liquid substance is hydrogen peroxide
having formula H2O2.
It has open book like structure (Refer section
9.9, Fig. 9.9(a) and 9.9(b) for details in textbook).
The knowledge of oxidative ability of H2O2 is
being used, now a days in pollution control.
It is used in treatment of domestic and
industrial waste, oxidation of cyanides and
restoration of aerobic conditions to sewage
waste.

(i) 4KO2(s) + 2CO2(g) 2K2CO3(s) + 3O2(g)

KO2(s) + H2O(l) KOH(aq) + H2O2(aq)
+ O2(g)
(ii) 1/2
(iii) :O : O:
: :
. :

5.

(iii)

N Chapter 13 N
11.

(i)

H3 C
H3 C

CH3

(i) X is water with chemical formula H2O. In

solid state it exists as ice which has density
lower than that of water.
(ii) Ice being lighter floats over the surface of
water. This property is a boon for survival of
aquatic animals during winter months
because when upper of sea water freezes, the

OH

CH3
CH3
C
CH3

CH3

(ii) OH group is very strong activating and

ortho-para directing group whereas CH3 is
a mild activating group. Therefore,
electrophilic substitution mainly takes place
at positions ortho to OH group (para
position is occupied by CH3).
(iii) (a) CH3C

N Chapter 9 N
8.

CHEMISTRYXI

CH2 + H



CH3CCH3

CH3

CH3

OH
+

(b)

+ CH3CCH3 
CH3

CH3

OH CH3
CH3
H
C
+
CH3
CH3

VALUE BASED QUESTIONS

(c)

OH CH3CH
3
H
C
CH3
+


OH CH3
CH3
C
CH3

CH3

CH3

Another similar attack of tert-butyl

carbocation at the second ortho position
results in the formation of 2,6-di-tert-butyl4-methylphenol.

12.

(i)
Anthracene

(ii)



Phenanthrene



(iii) Because tobacco smoke contains many

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are
carcinogenic and mutagenic.

N Chapter 14 N
13.

(i) Exessive use of chlorofluorocarbon compounds

become the cause of ozone depletion in the
stratosphere. Thus, avoiding indiscriminate
use of such compounds can save us from the
harmful effects of ozone layer depletion.

(ii) Use of liquified carbon dioxide solvent is not

absolutely safe. The exessive concentration of
CO2 in the atmosphere leads to greenhouse
effect.
14. (i) The green cover over polluted water is algae.
(ii) When too much of organic waste is dumped
into water, most of the dissolved oxygen is
used up. As a result oxygen dependent aquatic
life die. The anaerobic bacteria (which donot
require oxygen) begin to break down the
organic waste and thus produce chemicals
with foul smell.
(iii) This situation could have been avoided by
keeping the lake water clean and not allowing
washing of clothes or dumping of household
waste in lake water.
15. (i) The fishes were unfit for human consumption
because of toxins present in their bodies.
(ii) The fish were fed by the produce of farm
where too much of pesticides and herbicides
were used which contains non-biodegradable
toxic chemicals. Gradually, these toxins get
transferred from the farm produce to the fish
in the water body making them unfit for
human consumption.
(iii) This situation could be avoided by stopping
the exessive and indescriminate use of
pesticides and adopting other eco-friendly
means. Also the water bodies should be
aerated and cleaned from time to time.