NO.

EXPLAINATION/ PENERANGAN

MARKAH/

ITEM/

MARKS

SOALA
N
1 (a) (i)

Able to name organelles P,Q,R and S.

Answer:
P: mitochondria/ mitokondria

Q: rough endoplasmic reticulum/ retikulum endoplasmik

kasar
R: chloroplast/ kloroplas
S: Golgi apparatus/ Jasad Golgi/ Alat Golgi

(b)(i)

Able to name the organ accurately

1
1

Answer: Leaf/ daun

(b)(ii)

Able to state the process that occur in organelle R

Answer: Photosynthesis/ fotosintesis

Able to name the pigment.

(b)(iii)

Answer: chlorophyll/ klorofil

Able to give two differences between the process

occur in organelle P and R.

Answer:
(c)

-Organelle X absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen

while organelle Y absorbs oxygen and releases carbon
dioxide/ Organel X menyerap karbon dioksida dan
membebaskan oksigen manakala organel Y menyerap
oksigen dan membebaskan karbon dioksida.

-Organelle X use energy to synthesis glucose while

organelle Y breaks down glucose to produce energy/
Organel X menggunakan tenaga untuk mensintesis
glukosa manakala organel Y memecahkan glukosa untuk
hasilkan tenaga.
-Organelle X carries out the synthesis/ anabolic process

2a

P : Water/ carbon dioxide/ oxygen/ small lipid soluble particles

Q : glucose / amino acid
R : Natrium / Pottasium ions
(i) facilitated diffusion
(ii) small
- soluble to phospholipids bilayers
to enable large particles to pass through.
- to enable particles insoluble to the phospholipids bilayer
- to pass through the cell membrane
- to enable partibles to move against the concentration gradient.

Active transport need energy to tranpsport molecules or

ion, against the concentration gradient, movement from
lower concentration to higher concentration
Passive transport no need energy, movement from higher
concentration region to lower concentration.
Root hairs absorb water and ion

3a

- P : polysacharide
- Q : protein
- R : Fatty acid and glycerol/triglycerides
- P : primary
- Q : seondary
- R : tertiary
ii)
Two sequences of amino acid
iii)
Combination two or more tertiary structures
polypeptides
i)
Enzymes, hormones
ii)
haemoglobin
- essential amino acid cannot be derived from the body
- non essential amino acid can be derived from body
- Lock and key

Bi
Bi
i
C
D
4a
B

P : Enzyme
Q: Substrate
R: Enzyme Substrate Complex
S: Product
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.

Enzymes are active site to bind to specific substrates

Enzymes are not destroyed by the reaction they
catalyse
Enzymes are protein
Enzymes are denatured by high temperature
Enzymes react at maximum rate at optimum
temperature
Enzymes action are reversible

1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4

vii.

enzymes are needed in small quantities

37 C
At low temperature an enzyme reaction takes place slowly
As the temperature increases, the movement of substrate
molecules increases
For every 10 C rise in temperature the rate of reaction is
doubled
At the optimum temperature the rate of reaction is at the
maximum rate
At high temperature the enzyme is denatured, the active
site is destroyed
The rate of reaction of enzyme decreases.

5a

Y prophase
X metaphase
Y anaphase

Stage X
During early prophase, the chromosomes condense and become
visible under a light microscope.
The nucleolus disappears and the nuclear membrane disintegrates.
The pair of centrioles moves lto opposite poles of the cell.
Stage Z
The sister chromatids of each chromosome separate at the
centromere.
The separated chromatids are pulled apart from each other towards
the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibres.
Anaphase ends when the daughter chromosomes arrives at the cell
poles.

D
E

Section B
6) a i.
ii.

Animal cell

Plant cell

marks

Do not have a fixed shape

Have a fixed shape

1 marks

Do not have cell wall

Have cell wall

1 marks

D o not have chloroplasts

All green plants have chloroplasts

that contain chlorophyll

1 marks

Do not have vacuoles. If

present usually small

Have a large vacuole

1 marks

Stored materials in form of

glycogen

Stored material in form of starch

1 marks

Have centrioles

Do not have centrioles

1 marks

b) i
Animal Tissue

Function

Epithelial tissue

Choose any one:

1.Protection:
The skin is epithelial tissue. skin cell have keratin making them resistance to
water loss.

2.Absorption
The ileums epithelium absorb nutrient

3.Secretion
Endocrine gland have epithelium that secrete mucus, saliva
Connective
tissue

This bind and support the body part (bone, cartilage), fill spaces (collagen),
store fat for energy(adipose tissue) and transport material (blood)

Muscle tissue

This is used for locomotion (skeletal muscles),food movement, heat

production and for heart contraction (cardiac muscle)

Nervous tissue

Nervous tissue responses to stimuli and transmits impulse from one body part
to another.

ii)
Plant Tissue

Function

Meristematic
tissue

The main function is mitosis to produce more somatic cell for growth. The cell
produce in the meristems become differentiated into the other tissue

Ground tissue

Schlerenchyme and collenchyme cell are thick walled and help support plant, eg
in leaf vein,leaf petioles and flower stalk

Vascular tissue

Xylem vessel and tracheid transport water and mineral from the root to the
shoot,secondary xylem is thickened with lignin and form woody tissue.Phloem
sieves tube translocate sugar and amino acid from the leaves and other place such
aas stem, flower and root

Epidermal tissue

This is protective tissue that cover the surface of leaves, roots and stems. They
have tick wall that protect the soft inner tissue from dehydration, physical injury,
microbial attack and ultraviolet radiation

7) a
-

When salt solution is added to the fish, it will create a hypertonic condition

Water will diffuse through fish cells by osmosis

As a result of water loss, fish becomes dehydrated.

The acidic condition is not suitable for the growth of microorganisms that
spoil the food.

Molecules of salt will also diffuse through the fish, thus creating neutral
condition which is also unfavorable for microorganism to grow.

When vinegar is added to the vegetables, it will create a hypertonic

condition causing water to diffuse through the vegetables by osmosis

As a result of water loss, vegetables become dehydrated

The condition is not suitable for the growth of microorganisms that spoil the
food

Vinegar contains acetic acid that creates a strong acidic medium (low pH
medium)which can kill microorganisms.

b)
Passive transport

Active transport

The movement of substances

The movement of substances against the

follows the concentration

concentration gradient

gradient
Cellular energy is not

Cellular energy is required

required
The process continues until a

The process results in accumulation of or

dynamic equilibrium is

elimination of substances from the cell

reached
Living membrane is not

Living membrane is essential

essential
Substances may pass

Substances can only pass through carrier

through either channel protein

protein

or carrier protein

c)

When the red blood cells are placed in a distilled water (hypotonic solution)
Water molecules diffuse into the red blood cells by osmosis
This causes the cells to swell and burst
The red blood cell are said to undergo haemolysis
When the red blood cells are placed in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution (isotonic

solution),
water molecules move across the membrane at the same rate in both directions
No net movement of water in and out of the cells take place
The red blood cells maintain their shape
When the red blood cells are placed in a 1.3% sodium chloride solution (hypertonic

solution)
water molecules diffuse out of the red blood cells by osmosis
Water is rapidly lost
The red blood cells will shrink and plasma membrane crinkles up.
This process is called crenation

1
1
1

1
1
1
1

Any 10

1
1
1

(a)(i)

7
Protease enzyme. (Enzim protease.)
Shirt A has a considerable amount of stains as enzyme is less active at 15C.
(Baju A mempunyai sedikit kotoran kerana enzim kurang aktif pada 15C.)
Shirt C has the largest amount of blood stains remaining.
The enzyme must have been denatured at the high temperature of the wash at
65C.
(Baju C mempunyai paling banyak kotoran darah tertinggal. Enzim telah
dinyahasli pada suhu yang tinggi 65C.)
Shirt B does not have blood stain remaining. The temperature of the wash at 35C
must be at the optimum temperature.
Enzyme digests most of the blood stains efficiently.
(Baju B tidak mempunyai kotoran darah tertinggal. Suhu cucian mesti berada
pada suhu optimum 35C supaya enzim mencernakan kebanyakan kotoran darah
dengan berkesan.

(a)(ii)

The protease enzyme in the washing powder will act on the blood stains

which contain protein and removes blood stains from the shirt.

a)iii

Enzim protease dalam serbuk pencuci akan bertindak ke atas kotoran darah
yang mengandungi protein dan menyingkirkan kotoran darah dari baju

lipase

b) i

3
Enzyme Substrate complex

Enzyme

Substrate
Product s

ii)

In the lock and key hypothesis, the enzyme molecule represents thelock
while the substrate molecule represents the key.

Dalam hipotesis mangga dan kunci, molekul enzim mewakili mangga manakala
molekul substrat mewakili kunci.

An enzyme-substrate complex formed when the substrate molecule binds to

the active site of the enzyme molecule.

Kompleks enzim-substrat terbentuk apabila molekul substrat mengikat pada

tapak aktif molekul enzim.

Products formed after the enzyme catalyses the substrate, then leave the active
site.

Hasil terbentuk selepas enzim memangkinkan substrat, kemudian meninggalkan

tapak aktif.

Enzyme molecules remain unchanged after the reaction

Molekul enzim tetap tidak berubah selepas tindak balas

The enzyme molecule is free to bind other substrate molecules.

Molekul enzim adalah bebas untuk mengikat molekul substrat lain

9
a)
i

. mitosis
. replacing dead cell/repair the damaged tissue/organ
. increases the number of cells(for growth/development in living
organisme)
. asexual reproduction (for unicellular organisms)
. maintain the chromosomal number(of daughter cells)

Ii (10 M)

Stages
Prophase

explanation
During early prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible
under a light microscope.
The nucleolus disappears and the nuclear membrane disintegrates.
The pair of centrioles moves to opposite poles of the cell.

Metaphase

Sister chromatids lines up on a plane at the metaphase plate.

The formation of spindle fibres is complete.
The pair of sister chromatids of each chromosome is still attached to
each other at the centromere.

Anaphase

The sister chromatids of each chromosome separate at the centromere.

The separated chromatids are pulled apart from each other towards the
opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibres.
Anaphase ends when the daughter chromosomes arrives at the cell
poles.

Telophase

The chromosomes changes to chromatin and become invisible.

The spindle fibres disappear and the centrioles replicate.
Nuclear membrane reappears in each nucleus as well as the nucleolus.
Cytokinesis happens after telophase.

b)
i. Technique : Cloning / tissue culture

Problems : All clones are easily infected by diseases

due to low resistance to a particular type of disease.
ii. mitosis maintain the genetic contents from one
generation to next generation.
- mitosis increases the number of cells/bring about
growth.
- mitosis maintain the diploid/original number of
chromosomes in the species.
- the offspring have the same characteristics / trait /
phenotype as the parent/ identical to the parent

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