Name Answer key

Date ___________
Period __________
Biochemistry Review
1. Fill in the chart below
Carbohydrate

Lipid

Protein

Nucleic
Acid

Elements
from which
it is made
Building
blocks

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen

Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen

Carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus

Monosaccharides (simple sugars)

3 fatty acid chains

+ glycerol

Amino acids

Nucleotides= sugar,
phosphate, nitrogen
base

Purpose(s)
in body

Provide quick energy

Storage of energy

Provide structure
like teeth, hair &
nails.
Build muscles.
Act as enzymes.
Make hormones.
Make antibodies.
Found in
hemoglobin in the
blood.

Transmit heredity

Examples

monosaccharides: a. fats
a. glucose

a. meat

a. DNA

b. dairy

b. RNA

b. fructose
c. galactose

b. oils

disaccharides:
a. sucrose
c. waxes
b. lactose
c. maltose
polysaccharides:
a. (in animals)
glycogen

b. (in plants)
cellulose

c. (in plants)
starch

MATCHING: Match the following terms with the correct description of

each.
2. ___D___ monosaccharide
3. ___B_____ disaccharide
4. ___G_____ polysaccharide
5. ___I_____ nucleic acids
6. ___C_____ protein
7. ___A_____ lipids fats
8. ___H_____ organic
9. ____E____ glycogen
10. ____F____ amino acids

A. Another term for lipids

B. A double sugar
C. In hair, finger nails, hemoglobin
D. Simplest sugar
E. Chains of glucose; stored in liver
and muscles
F. Building blocks of protein
G. Most complex carbohydrate
H. Contains carbon; found in living
things or once living things
I. Most complex of all organic
compounds (largest)

Answer the following questions by filling in the blanks:

11. If you were running track, which organic molecule would you
need to provide you with quick energy? ___carbohydrates_______
12. When you cut yourself, which organic molecule do you need to
repair wounds? ______protein_____________
13. Which organic molecule determines whether you are a human or
dog? _______nucleic acids__________________
14. If you are starving for several consecutive days, which organic
molecule is your last resort for more energy? ___lipids_________
15. Carbohydrates end in what three letters? _____-ose________
16. Enzymes end in what three letters? ______-ase__________
17. List three types of foods that are considered carbohydrates.
Bread, pasta, rice, cereal, etc.
18. List three types of foods that are high in protein.
Meat, eggs, dairy
19. List three types of food that are high in fat.
Bacon, nuts, snack foods, etc.

20. What is the main difference between an inorganic and organic

compound?
Organic compounds contain carbon and were once living.
Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon and were
never living.
21. Literally, what does dehydration synthesis mean?
Removing water and putting together
22. Literally, what does hydrolysis mean?
Adding water and breaking apart
23. Which organic compound(s) does your body use for stored
energy? lipids
24. What indicator does the test for sugar use? Benedicts
25. What indicator does the test for fat use? Sudan III or brown paper
towel
26. What indicator does the test for protein use? Biurets
27. What indicator does the test for starch use? Iodine/Lugols
28. Iodine in a positive test turns what color? Purple-black
29. What color does Benedicts solution turn after being heated if the
substance contains a monosaccharide? Orange-brown
30. What color does Buirets solution turn? violet
31. Can food producers decide what to list on their nutritional labels?
no
32. Can food producers determine the meaning of light or low-fat?
no
33. True or False: When an item says it is sugar-free that means it
does not contain sucrose (table sugar). True
34. Explain the process of dehydration synthesis. A hydroxyl (-OH) ion
is removed from one monosaccharide and a hydrogen (-H) is
removed from the other. This allows the 2 monosaccharides to

come together and form a disaccharide. The OH & -H come

together to form water which is removed.

35. Explain the process of hydrolysis. Water is added to a

disaccharide which causes the bonds holding it together to break.
A hydroxyl ion adds itself to one of the monosaccharides and a
hydrogen adds itself to the other. You now have made two
monosaccharides.

36. List the reasons why water is so important.

Universal solvent, adhesive, cohesive, main component of our
body

37. What does the pH scale measure? How acidic or basic a solution is

Label A
Nutrition Facts:

Label B
Nutrition Facts:

Serving size: 1 cup

Calories: 180 cal
Total fat
Total carbohydrate
Protein

Serving size: 16 crackers

Calories: 130 cal
10g
12g
10g

Total fat
Total carbohydrate
Protein

4g
21g
2g

38. If you ate two cups of Label A, how many grams of fat did you
consume? 2 servings x 10g=20 g fat
39. How many calories from fat are in two cups of Label A?
20 g x 9 cal/g (standard for fats)=180 cal from fat
40. How many grams of carbohydrates are in two cups of label A?
2 servings x 12g=24 g of carbs
41. How many calories from carbohydrates are in two cups of Label
A? 24 g x 4 cal/g (standard from carbs)=96 cal from carbs

42. How many grams of protein are in two cups of Label A?

2 servings x 10g=20g of protein
43. How many calories from protein are in two cups of Label A?
20g x 4 cal/g (standard for protein)=80 cal from protein
44. What is your total caloric intake from eating 2 cups of Label A?
180 fat cal + 96 carb cal + 80 protein cal=356 total cal
45. If you ate 48 crackers from Label B, how many grams of fat did you
consume? 3 servings x 4g=12g of fat
46. How many calories from fat are in 48 crackers from Label B?
12g x 9 cal/g=108 cal from fat
47. How many calories from carbohydrates are in 48 crackers from
Label B? 3 servings x 21g of carbs x 4 cal/g=252 cal from carbs
48. How many calories from protein are in 48 crackers from Label B?
3 servings x 2g of protein x 4 cal/g=24 cal from protein
49. What is your total caloric intake from eating 48 crackers from label
B? 108 fat cal + 252 carb cal + 24 protein cal=384 total cal
50. What percent of your diet came from fat if you ate 48 crackers from
label B? 108 fat cal/384 total cal x 100=28.125%
*Remember to study ALL your notes, labs, handouts, etc!!!!!