The

Higgs Going Forward

S. Dawson (BNL)
Aspen, 2015

SM Very PredicEve
Very precise predicEons

mf
hf f
v

Couplings to fermions proporEonal to mass

Couplings to massive gauge bosons proporEonal to (mass)2
h
2m2W W+ W
v

h
+ m2Z Z Z
v

Couplings to massless gauge bosons at 1-loop

s h A A,

g
G G
+
F F + Z
F Z
12 v
8
8sW v

Higgs self-couplings proporEonal to mh2

m2h 2 m2h 3 2m2h 4
h +
h + 2 h
2
v
v

Consistent with SM Hypothesis

ATLAS Prelim.

(stat.)

mH = 125.36 GeV

sys inc.
theory

Total uncertainty
1 on
)

arXiv:1408.7084

+ 0.23
- 0.23

= 1.17+-0.27
0.27

+ 0.16
- 0.11

arXiv:1408.5191

H ZZ* 4l
= 1.44+-0.40
0.33

+ 0.34
- 0.31
+ 0.21
- 0.11

arXiv:1412.2641

H WW* ll
= 1.09+-0.23
0.21

+ 0.16
- 0.15
+ 0.17
- 0.14

JHEP11(2014)056

W,Z H bb
= 0.5+-0.4
0.4

+ 0.3
- 0.3
+ 0.2
- 0.2

ATLAS-CONF-2014-061

+ 0.3
- 0.3

H
= 1.4+-0.4
0.4

+ 0.3
- 0.3

s = 7 TeV Ldt = 4.5-4.7 fb-1

s = 8 TeV Ldt = 20.3 fb-1

0.5

1.5

Signal strength ()
released 09.12.2014

No Free Parameters in SM
-1

-1

CMS
Preliminary

WZ

68% CL
95% CL
SM Higgs

10-1

1+

hf f +

MV2+2
hV V
1+2
M

ATLAS Preliminary

300

Ldt = 4.6-4.8 fb
s= 8 TeV, Ldt = 20.3 fb

s= 7 TeV,

-1

-1

Combined h , ZZ*, WW*, , bb

[ , M ]
Best fit
SM
Obs. 68% CL
Obs. 95% CL
Exp. 68% CL
Exp. 95% CL

240

(M, ) fit
68% CL
95% CL

2 3 45

320

260

mf
M

280

b
10-2

M [GeV]

or (g/2v)1/2

19.7 fb (8 TeV) + 5.1 fb (7 TeV)

10 20

100 200

220
200
180

-0.1

mass (GeV)

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Everything looks reasonably

consistent with SM
4

The SM Works

Corollary: New Physics Eects

highly restricted by data
5

At the 10-30% level:

Fermion couplings to b, t,

Gauge boson couplings to W/Z/g/

Higgs h2 coupling
No informaEon on hZ, 2nd generaEon fermions,
h3, h4 couplings.
Generically, Higgs coupling deviaEons in BSM:

v2
O
M2

1 T eV
5%
M

Much work to do!

6

The Story is Just Beginning

We are just starEng the exploraEon of weak
scale physics
We know that deviaEons from SM predicEons
cannot be too large
But there is lots of room for discovery of new Higgs
par8cles, measurements of Higgs signals in new
channels, precision measurements of Higgs
proper8es

Big quesEons remain: Flavor, dark

ma`er, hierarchy.
7

Open Higgs QuesEons

Is it the SM Higgs?
InteracEons?
Does the Higgs really give mass to all parEcles?
Spin/parity?

Are there more Higgs-like parEcles?

Is it part of a SUSY spectrum?
Does it talk to dark ma`er?

Is it elementary or composite?
Are there new producEon/decay channels?
.
8

Higgs ProducEon Increases at 13 TeV

(pb) at 13 TeV (pb) at 8 TeV
Gluon Fusion

43.9

19.27

Vector Boson Fusion 3.748

1.578

WH

1.38

.70

ZH

.87

.42

`H

.51

.13

HH

.034

.008

Factors of 2-4 increases in rates

[Higgs Cross SecEon Working Group]

Note large increase

in `H rate!
9

AddiEonal Higgs Searches

Finding more Higgs bosons top priority
Many (well moEvated) possibiliEes
Supersymmetry, NMSSM, 2Higgs doublet model,
Higgs portal models, Li`le Higgs models,
Composite models

Current limits are surprisingly weak

This would be paradigm shiling
Clear evidence for BSM physics

10

Generic Signals Captured by Simple Models

General 2 Higgs doublet models
The ever popular MSSM is a special case
5 Higgs bosons: H, H2, A, H

Add a scalar singlet

MoEvated by dark ma`er
2 neutral Higgs bosons
These models share the feature that there are
a relaEvely small number of free parameters
By studying these models in detail, we can
obtain many generic BSM signatures
11

Higgs Singlet Model

Include scalar singlet S which could be portal to
dark ma`er (or vesEge of NMSSM)
V (H, S) = VSM (H) + VHS (H, S) + VS (S)
a1
a2
VHS (H, S) =
H HS+
H H S2
2
2
b2 2 b3 3 b4 4
VS (S) = b1 S + S + S + S .
2
3
4
Physical states are mixtures of h, S
If S couples to dark ma`er, then mixing induces h coupling
to dark ma`er (invisible decay)
Models without Z2 symmetry moEved by desire to explain
electroweak baryogenesis
12

Z2 symmetric singlet model

Very simple model: M1=125 GeV, M2, sin , v, <S>

SM

H1, H2

Coupling to light Higgs, H1 ~ cos

Coupling to heavy Higgs, H2 ~ sin

SM
If kinemaEcally allowed, H2 H1 H1
2

(H1 ) = cos

SM

+ (H1 ! invisible)

Might occur in Higgs portal

models where invisible stu
is dark ma`er

(H2 ! H1 H1 ) sin2

13

Complementarity of Approaches
Find heavier Higgs and measure couplings
Need inclusion of H2 H1 H1 in direct searches

sin2 < .12 (with no invisible BR) from H1 couplings

excluded / SM

0.1

inv

4.5
4

CMS preliminary L dt = 19.3 fb-1()/19.2 fb-1(e)

s = 8 TeV
95% C.L. Observed Limit
95% C.L. Expected Limit
1 Expected Limit
2 Expected Limit

3.5
3

SM

s /tot (ms )
1
1

LHC
HL-LHC
LC
HL-LC

2.5
2

0.01

1.5
1
0.5

0.001
0

0.9

0.99
cos22

0.999

0
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

MH (GeV)

cos

These simple studies are very

important for limiEng EWSB models
[Englert et al, arXiv:1403.7191]

14

Complementarity with Precision EW

Best limit is from W mass for large MH2

sin |max

Singlet Model

tan =
VSM =

v
hSi

2 HH +

1 (H

H)2

MH2 (GeV )

[Robens and Stefaniak,arXiv:1501.02234]

Higgs measurements are

now precision observables
15

Double Higgs ProducEon

SensiEve to hhh coupling, 3 = 3 Mh2/MZ2
SensiEve to new physics in loops
DestrucEve interference

Snowmass: 3 ab-1 will give~

50% measurement of 3 at LHC
Much on-going study..
hh producEon is strong
moEvaEon for higher energy
[Frederix et al, arXiv:1401.7440]
16

Enhanced hh in Singlet Model

S = 8 TeV, L=20 fb

-1

S = 14 TeV
30

singlet
singlet /
SM
/ SM

(pp hHH)/
h )/SM
(pp
1 1
SM

MH2(GeV)

25

ATLAS observed 95 %CL (bb)

10000

m2 (GeV)

CMS observed 95%CL (bb)

CMS observed 95%CL (bbbb)
Allowed region for b4=3,a2=0

1000

20

15

270

10

420

Allowed region for b4=1,a2=-1

100

10

* Allowed in singlet model

1000
0

0.1
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Br(h2 h1 h1)

0.4

BR(H2H1H1)

0.5

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

m2 (GeV)

MH2(GeV)

Enhancements of H1H1 rate of factors 10-15 if MH2 < 400 GeV

Easy to arrange in many models. Major constraint is gg h
needs to have observed rate
[Chen, Dawson, Lewis, arXiv:1410.5488]
17

Example: 2HDM
2HDM Type I

Decoupling: MA, MH2, MH+ ,

couplings SM
Alignment: A,H2,H+ can be light,
cos(-) 0
Li`le sensiEvity to tan

InteresEng pointlimits extracted by

theorists very similar to ATLAS limits

s = 7 TeV: Ldt = 4.6-4.8 fb-1

Best fit

s = 8 TeV: Ldt = 20.3 fb-1

tan

Exp. 95% CL Combined h ,ZZ*,WW*

Combined h ,bb
SM

10

Type 1

4
3
2
1
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
-1 -0.8-0.6-0.4-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
cos(-)

2HDM Type II

ATLAS Preliminary

Obs. 95% CL

s = 7 TeV: Ldt = 4.6-4.8 fb-1

Best fit

s = 8 TeV: Ldt = 20.3 fb-1

Exp. 95% CL Combined h ,ZZ*,WW*

Combined h ,bb
SM

tan

4 possibiliEes for Higgs coupling

assignments which conserve avor

ATLAS Preliminary

Obs. 95% CL

10
4
3
2

Type 2=
MSSM

1
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
-1 -0.8-0.6-0.4-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
cos(-)

Limits from coupling measurements

18

New Higgs Bosons New Signatures

2HDM example: gg A ZH1

Complementary limits from direct search/coupling

measurements

14 TeV
projecEons:
tan

Limits from H coupling

measurements
Limits from direct search,
ggAZH1
cos(-)

[Brownson, 1308.6334]
19

Again. Complementarity
Many limits on 2HDM besides Higgs parameters
Precision EW, B physics..
95% Confidence Level

700

500
400

95% CL excluded regions

0
Rb
B (B
Xs )
B (B
)
B (B
D ) / B (B De )
B (K ) / B (
)
B (B )
Combined fit (toy MC)

Limit from Heavy Higgs Search, MH=300 GeV

Limit from Heavy Higgs Search, MH=200 GeV
Limit from Higgs Coupling Measurements

tan

600

tan

MH+ (GeV)
M [GeV]

Type-II

300

200
100
LEP 95% CL exclusion

10

20

30

40

50

60

tan

[G`er, arXIv0811.0009, Chen, Dawson, Sher, 1305.1624]

70

tan

0
-1

-0.5

0.5

cos( - )

cos (-)

20

New Physics in Higgs Sector

Use eecEve eld theory

Can we determine source of new physics?

No resonance or light resonance

Find resonance!

Current limits will be

strengthened at LHC-13
21

TesEng Higgs Couplings

Assume 1 resonance/zero width approx/no new tensor
structures
ii jj
BR(ii ! h ! jj) =
h

Dene scaling factors

+

(gg ! h ! ) =

2g 2
(gg ! h ! + )
= 2
(gg ! h ! + ) |SM
h

This does not include informaEon from kinemaEc distribuEons

Can we do be<er?

22

EecEve Theory Example

Very simple EFT:
s
Mt
g G,A GA
H
(
1)
ttH
t

12v
v

2
SM mH
SM
1
+

+
A
(0)g
A(gg ! H) = A
t
2
Mt
L LSM +

gg h rate within of SM predicition

1.6

=10%
=5%

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6
-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

[Azatov, Paul,1412.6038;Delauney, Grojean, Perez,

1309.090; Chen, Dawson, Lewis, 1406.3349]

Almost equal in SM

Cant disEnguish long

distance physics (kt) from
short distance physics
(new parEcles in loops, g
nonzero) in gluon fusion
23

Higgs Couplings & EecEve Field Theory

Operators obey symmetry of SM
L LSM + i

Ci
On
n
4

New physics decouples at high scales

No new light par;cles
n=6 operators expected to give dominant contribuEon
is scale of new physics >> v
EFT valid at E <<
Consider all n=6 operators that can be constructed from
SM elds
No unique operator basis
24

EecEve Theory
Many possible parameterizaEons:
HISZ (no fermions), Buchmuller/Wyler (59 operators
before avor), SILH,..
Operators related by equaEons of moEon
Need to simplify and make assumpEons!
Reduce to 8 operators:
Assume CP conservaEon, minimal avor violaEon
Neglect operators already constrained by precision EW
Only operators that aect Higgs physics at tree level
Higgs cross secEon working group will
have recommendaEon soon
25

Complementarity
EecEve operators contribute to
precision electroweak interacEons
Some operator coecients known
to be small from MW,
W+W- producEon probes
complementary coupling space to
Higgs coupling limits
2
MW
= 2 (fW + fB )
2
2
M
g1Z = Z2 fW
2

[Corbe` et al, arXiv:1304.1151]

Limits highly correlated

26

Complementarity

2
(H ! W + W )
1 T eV
1 + .0086fW W (mZ ) + .017fW (mZ )
(H ! W + W )SM

400

Oblique parameters

"2

fW

! TeV! 2 "

200

! 200

Higgs data

! 400

! 400

! 200

0
f WW

200

400

! TeV! 2 "

"2

In principle, complementary data from

oblique parameters and Higgs data
[Chen, Dawson, Zhang, arXiv:1311.3107 ]

27

Beyond total rates: DistribuEons and BSM

We hope the LHC Run 2 nds some unexpected parEcles!
Heavy parEcles may have enhanced eects in tails of
distribuEons
EecEve eld theories are sensiEve to heavy BSM
EFT assump8on: all kinema8c quan88es << scale of new
physics,

New physics tends to show up in tails of distribuEons

This is physics mo8va8on for boosted techniques

Cannot measure all relevant eecEve
couplings with only total rates

28

Higgs plus Jet ProducEon

h+jet is sensiEve to BSM physics
At LO, gggh, qg gh, qq gh from top/bo`om loops
Dimension-7 EFT for Higgs + jet strong couplings:
LBSM

s g
1
=
O1 + 2 C3 O3 + C4 O4 + C5 O5
12v

Calculate in
EFT and in
real theory
Compare
formalism cannot describe
Higgs plus jet at high pT
[Azatov, Paul, 1309.5273; Ban, MarEn, Sanz, 1308.4771; Dawson, Lewis, Zeng, 1409.6299, 1501.04103]
29

Higgs plus Jet ProducEon

pp H+jet, S=14
TeV
2
2
2

Look for new physics at
high pT
Just where EFT breaks
down!
qg important at high pT
EFT accurate for pT <
250 GeV

CT12 NLO PDFs, =pT +mh , LO

0.1

0.01

Mh=126 GeV

gg, exact (top only)

gg, mt
qg, exact (top only)
qg, mt
All channels, exact (top only)
All channels, mt

0.001

0.0001

1e-05

100

200

300

400

500

pT (GeV)

EFT in this plot includes only

dimension-5 GGh operator
EFT-pointlike coupling has dierent pT
shape than top quark loop
30

EFT for Higgs + Gluons

Dimension-7 operators which contribute to Higgs + jet
A,
O 2 = D GA
h
D G
B, C,
O3 = fABC GA,
G h
G

n

O4 = D GA D GA, h !eom gs2 hi,j=1 ( i T A i )(
n
A
A

T
O5 = GA D D GA,
i
h !eom gs hi=1 G D
O4 involves 4 light fermions
O2 eliminated by use of Jacobi idenEEes
lf

lf

qh
qg

gg gh

A (. . . ) gs

C1
C5
+ gs 2
t

A [. . . ]gs C1 + [. . . ]gs

C3
2

jT

j)

Not a lot of free

parameters

[Neill,0908.1573; Dawson, Lewis, Zeng,1409.6299; Harlander, Neumann, 1308.2225]

31

NLO Results
d#dp T !fb#GeV"

s "14 TeV, NLO

100
O1

$#1%O1 #O 3

10

$#1%O1 #O 5

Self
Total

0.1
0.01
50

100

150
200
p T !GeV"

250

300

Using only dimension-5 operator (O1) is good approximaEon in

region where EFT is valid

Look for new physics (in dijets, top producEon) due to O5
operator at high pT
32

Need Higgs pT Spectrum

14 TeV
5=80 is 80 Emes C5 for
500 GeV scalar

Lesson 1: Spectrum well

described by t, g (dont
need higher dimension
operators)
Lesson 2: Eects of EFT
operators typically small!
Lesson 3: pT spectrum
disEnguishes between t
and g

(pT>pTcut) sensiEve to new

physics possibiliEes
[Arnesen, Rothstein, Zupan, 0809.1429; Dawson, Lewis, Zeng, 1501.04103]

33

Conclusions
LHC-13 is just the beginning of exploraEon of EWSB
Many possibiliEes for new physics

Precision measurements, direct searches for new

Higgs bosons, and measurements of Higgs couplings
give complementary informaEon
Higgs is the new precision observable
Can not look at only one piece of the puzzle

EFT needed to study new physics if no new light

parEcles
Region of EFT consistency limits usefulness
34