Physics At VLHC

Tao Han

Pittsburgh Particle physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology Center

Exploring the Physics Frontier with Circular Colliders

ACP Winter Conference, Jan. 27, 2015

Photo credit:

Hitoshi Murayama

1

FERMILAB-CONF-97/ 318-T

Summary of the Very Large Hadron Collider Physics and Detector

Workshop
Physics at the high energy frontier beyond the LHC
March 13-15, 1997
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois

(Bill Fosters initiative)

G. Anderson (Fermilab), U. Baur (SUNY at Buffalo), M. Berger (Indiana University), F. Borcherding (Fermilab), A. Brandt (Fermilab), D. Denisov (Fermilab, Co-Chair and Co-editor), S. Eno (University of Maryland), T. Han (University of CaliforniaDavis),
S. Keller (Fermilab, Co-Chair and Co-editor), D. Khazins (Duke University), T. LeCompte (Argonne National Laboratory),
J. Lykken (Fermilab), F. Olness (Southern Methodist University), F. Paige (Brookhaven National Laboratory), R. Scalise
(Southern Methodist University), E. H. Simmons (Boston University), G. Snow (University of NebraskaLincoln), C. Taylor
(Case Western Reserve University), J. Womersley (Fermilab).

PHYSICS AT 100-200 TeV

PHYSICS AT THE VLHC

Tao Han, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison
(July 17, Snowmass 2001)

VLHC: The True Energy Frontier

Invitation to Innovative Ideas
for New Physics

Tao Han, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison

Beyond the SM Physics

(1999 VLHC Annual Meeting, June. 28) New Threshold and Extended Reach

Theory Overview
I. Brief Introduction:
Particle Physics and Colliders

Bread and Butter Physics

in the light of future hadron colliders
SM Physics and Precisions
Tao Han
Univ. of Wisconsin - Madison

II. Physics Expectations at the VLHC:

Representative SM Physics
Physics Beyond the SM

VLHC workshop, Fermilab, Oct. 16, 2003

The Standard Model as It Is

III. Physics at the High-Energy Frontier The Need For Going Beyond SM
2
Role of Future Hadron Colliders
The

Beyond the Naive Expectation

Physics Issues in 1999

(THs list)

MW ,

MZ ? (Gauge symmetry breaking)

MH O(MZ )?

(natural EW scale)

?
Supersymmetry?
?
mt,

(MZ

Mpl hierarchy)

mf , m ? (fermion masses and mixing)

?

Techni-/top-color? (dynamical symm. brkng)
?

extra dimensions/low-scale gravity?

(gravity+hierarchy)

Superstring?
(quantum gravity/Theory of everything?)

?
...

...? (...
...)
DM

Issues for the Future (Starting now!)

Chris Quigg, IAS-HKUST

Jan. 19, 2015

1. What is the agent of EWSB? There is a Higgs boson!

6. Do the different CC behaviors of LH, RH fermions
Might there be several?
reflect a fundamental asymmetry in natures laws?
2. Is the Higgs boson elementary or composite?7.How
What will be the next symmetry we recognize? Are
does it interact with itself? What triggers EWSB?there additional heavy gauge bosons? Is nature
3. Does the Higgs boson give mass to fermions,supersymmetric?
or
Is EW theory contained in a GUT?
only to the weak bosons? What sets the masses8.and
Are all flavor-changing interactions governed by the
mixings of the quarks and leptons? (How) is fermion
standard-model Yukawa couplings? Does minimal
mass related to the electroweak scale?!
flavor violation hold? If so, why?
4. Are there new flavor symmetries that give insights
9. Are there additional sequential quark & lepton
into fermion masses and mixings?
generations? Or new exotic (vector-like) fermions?
5. What stabilizes the Higgs-boson mass below 110.
TeV?
What resolves the strong CP problem?
16. What explains the baryon asymmetry of the
11. What are the dark matters? Any flavor structure?
universe? Are there new (CC) CP-violating phases?
12. Is EWSB an emergent phenomenon connected
17. Are there new flavor-preserving phases? What
with strong dynamics? How would that alter our
would observation, or more stringent limits, on
conception of unified theories of the strong, weak,
electric-dipole moments imply for BSM theories?
and electromagnetic interactions?
13. Is EWSB related to gravity through extra 18. (How) are quark-flavor dynamics and lepton-flavor
dynamics related (beyond the gauge interactions)?
spacetime dimensions?
19. At what scale are the neutrino masses set? Do
14. What resolves the vacuum energy problem?
they
speak to the TeV scale, unification scale, Planck
15. (When we understand the origin of EWSB),
what
lessons does EWSB hold for unified theories?scale,
for?
inflation? for dark energy?
20. 4

How are we prisoners of conventional thinking?

VLHC leads energy frontier

Rich Physics @ VLHC

-

Interesting scaling:

Snowmass QCD Working Group: 1310.5189

5

t : 1%

: 8%

SUSY @ VLHC

M.Mangano, T.Plehn et al.: 1407.5066

10 6

10 4
10
10

tot[pb]: pp SUSY

3
2

10 4

s = 100 TeV

NLO+NLL

10 3

NLO+NLL

10 2

10
10
10
10

tot[pb]: pp SUSY

s = 14 TeV

10

10

10 5

10
-1

-2

discovery

-3

qg

qq

gg

10
10

-4

tt

10

10

qq

-5

10

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

tt

qg

gg

qq

qq

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000

m [GeV]

m [GeV]

SUSY DM @ VLHC

wino

Collider Limits

disappearing tracks

100 TeV

higgsino

14 TeV

~ ~
mixed (B/ H)
~ ~
mixed (B/ W)
gluino coan.
stop coan.
squark coan.
0

S. Gori et al.: 1410.6287

m [TeV]

Multi-Lepton Limits

M. Low & L.T. Wang: 1404.0682

NLSP mass

wino / higgsino

LSP mass
higgsino / wino

higgsino / bino

wino / bino

4 7

mass [TeV]

New Particle Searches at VLHC

Snowmass NP report, 1311.0299!
-

pp virtual

pp real

ee virtual

VLHC

leads for broad searches at the energy frontier.

Look forward to the many

inspiring talks this week!
8

New behavior of old physics

At the new energy
frontier
VLHC:

p
v/ s 2.5 10

The EW gauge bosons & the top quark pretty

much massless: the EW symmetry is restored

In the collision processes

Initial particles partons

Final state particles narrow jets, radiations

New physics @ heavier scales W /Z/H/top

Studying W /Z/H/top at higher energies:

- bread & butter (new) phenomena

within SM

- first step toward understanding

O(10 TeV) scale physics

9

Top quark Initiated Processes

TH, J. Sayre, S. Westhoff: 1411.2588

With mt << Ecm, The top quark IS as massless at

the VLHC as b-quark at the Tevatron:

mb /ETeV ~ 3.5/1x103 ~ 3.5x10-3

3
-3

mt /EVLHC ~ 160/50x10 ~ 3.2x10
When a heavy scale M is involved, so that

2
2
s ln(M /mt ) ~ O(1) M ~(50-100) mt

then the collinear large logs need to be resummed
top quarks as partons

Q

H +
g

Q
H

10

H +

H
Q

(a)
H

(b)

ZL0
0+

WT

0+

WL

2
2
g
(2m
t /s)
Nc V
g2 s
2
2 2
g
`
+
g
/`

t
b
tb
V
A
t
b
Nc
2
2
(m
+m
)
(m
m
)
g2 s
t
b
t
b
2
2 2
g
`
+
g

V tb
A tb
With
N
2s
2s`

fermion mass suppression

Top quark Initiated same

Processes
`
as Z , with an extra
c

mt ~ v,

gs2 s

tb

00

fermion mass suppression

+ may+hold the key to new

samephysics:
as Z
The top quark


s
2
2
G
(1
+
8m
/3s)
P-wave
Most32Nsensitivet to the
naturalness issue.

tt
Vacuum stability

TH, J. Sayre, S. Westhoff: 1411.2588

with strong dynamics [18], and Kaluza-Klein gravitons [19]. We first parameter
eric couplings
of the heavy for
particles
spin 0, 1

or
to heavy
Examples
newwith
physics:
tt2!
X quarks as

gKK

CF N (gV2 (1
c

2m2t /s)

gA2 t2t)

00

2 2

y
y
0
spin 0 : neutral scalar H : i p ; pseudo scalar A : i p 5 ;
2
2
y
+
charged scalar H : i p (gL PL + gR PR );
2
00
0+
spin 1 : color singlet vector/axial vector Z , W : ig (gV gA 5 );

a
color octet vector/axial vector gKK : igs (gV gA 5 ) t ;

spin 2 : tensor G :
i [ (pt pt) + (pt pt) 2g (/pt /pt 2mt )].
8
0

011

New Physics Examples:

tt ! X

TH, J. Sayre, S. Westhoff: 1411.2588

Table 1: Spin- and color-averaged
p squared matrix elements for the production of an on-shell
heavy particle of mass mH = s from heavy-quark fusion and the corresponding threshold
behavior. The number of colors is denoted by Nc and the SU(3) invariant as CF = 4/3.
Subscripts T and L indicate transverse and longitudinal polarization, respectively. The
kinematic factors are ij2 = `ij (1 (mi + mj )2 /s) and `ij = 1 (mi mj )2 /s, as well as the
couplings gS,P = (gL gR )/2 in terms of chiral couplings gL and gR .

process
tt ! H

tt ! A0

tb ! H +
00

t t ! ZT
0

tt ! ZL0

0+

t b ! WT
0+

t b ! WL

tt ! gKK
tt ! G

|M|2

threshold behavior

y2 s 2
4Nc tt
y2 s
4Nc

P-wave
S-wave

y2 s
2 2
2
(g
/`
+
g

t
b
S tb
P `tb )
4Nc
g2 s
2
2 2
(g
+
g
V
A
tt)
Nc
g2 s 2
2
g
(2m
t /s)
Nc V
g2 s
2
2 2
g
`
+
g

V tb
A tb /`tb
Nc
2
(mt +mb )2
g2 s
2
2 2 (mt mb )
+ gA tb 2s`
Nc gV `tb
2s
tb
2
gs s
CF N (gV2 (1 + 2m2t /s) + gA2 t2t)
c
2 s 2
2
2
(1
+
8m
/3s)
t
tt
32Nc
12

same as H 0 , A0 , with an extra `

vector: S-wave; axial-vector: P-wave
fermion mass suppression
0

same as ZT0 , with an extra `

fermion mass suppression
same as Z
P-wave

00

the mass threshold. We have carried out this evolution for the top-qua
hadronic production
a heavy
particle
can be
expressed
numerically.
Asof an
input
forHthe
gluon
andas light-quark PDFs at the i
" 1
" 1 distributions of the NNPDF collaboration [20
mt we use the !
NNPDF2.3
ppH+X (S) =
dx1
dx2 fi (x1 , ) fj (x2 , )
ijH (s)
(2)
collaboration
has
released
its
own
top-quark
PDF
as
part
of
the
NNPD
m /S
m /(x S)
i,j
" 1
" 1
agrees well with
IndLijour numerical
analysis,
! ours.
dLij
dx we set the factorizatio

ij (s),
(, ) =
fi (x, )fj ( /x, ),

d
renormalization
scale
equal
and,
unless
stated
otherwise,
fixed to the heavy
d
d
x

m /S
i,j

Partonic luminosities

2
H

2
H

2
H

where0.5
fi,j (x, )1 are the2 PDFs of partons
i, j
= {q, q,
g}
with
momentum
fraction x inside

=
m
.
H
5
10
10 10the proton, denotes the factorization scale, s and
10 6 S are the partonic and hadronic CM
energies, and s/S
x1 x2 .
100=TeV
8
gg
tt
10
Anassume
estimate
of the
relevance
ofproton
initial
top-quarks
in
high-energetic
p
We
that
heavy
quarks
inside
the
are
dynamically
generated
by
QCD
tg
!t
g
5
uu
10
gg
6interactions. by
obtained
considering
the
parton
luminosities
dL
/d
,
which
depend
o
Therefore
we
set
the
heavy-quark
PDFs
to
zero
for
scales
below
the
quark
mass
ij
10
and evolve 1(a)
them to
higher
scales
by including
them
in the DGLAPat
equations,
beginning
at 14 T
Figures
and
1(b)
show
parton
luminosities
S
=
100
and
4 bb
4
10 the mass threshold. We have carried out this evolution
10
for the top-quark PDFb bft (x, )u u
t t top-quarks in comparison to light quarks and gluons. We present them
with
an input for the gluon and light-quark PDFs at the initial scale =
numerically.
As

100
= use
mHthe
S, whichdistributions
indicates ofthe
mean of
energy
/ NNPDF2.3
mt we
thegeometrical
NNPDF
collaboration
[20].the
The
NNPDFfraction
1000

1collaboration has released its own top-quark PDF as part of the NNPDF2.3 set, which
, in the resonant production
of H. The range of the partonic CM
en
tg !t g

agrees well with ours. In our numerical analysis, we set the factorization scale and the
0.01labelled on the top axis, extends from100
the
top-quark
threshold
up
to s =
0.005 0.01scale 0.02
0.1 otherwise,
0.5 fixed
1.0 to1.5
2.0 particle
2.5
3.0
renormalization
equal and, 0.05
unless stated
the heavy
mass3.5 4.0
d L100#d L14

d L100!d

s #m H "TeV#

at S = 100 TeV (14

1!2 TeV), which corresponds to a tt luminosity of about 0
s "m H !TeV"
#m H !S

=
m
.
H
defines the kinematic range of our current interest at the VLHC, (3)
Top lumi tracking gg, reaching few% of bb!

An estimate of the relevance of initial top-quarks in high-energetic processes
can be

<luminosities
< 0.1, dLijfor
<onlyson<10
Relevant
0.002
x

200
GeV
obtained by range:

considering the
parton
/d
,
which
depend
.

andTeV.

Figures 1(a) and 1(b) show parton luminosities at S = 100 and 14 TeV, respectively,
with
top-quarks
in comparison to light quarks and gluons. We present them as functions of
the
see

We
that
gluon-gluon
(gg) luminosity
(blue,
top curve)
isx overwhelm
5

=
m
S,
which
indicates
the
geometrical
mean
of
the
energy
fractions,
x

/
1000
10
for 500 GeV - 4 TeV!

1 x2 =
H
TH,
J.
Sayre,
S.
Westhoff:
1411.2588

13

exceeding
the top-antitop
luminosity
bottom
curve)
t
, in the resonant
production of (t
H.t)The
range of the(red,
partonic
CM energy
s =by
m three
,

Lumi(gg, bb, tt @100/14) increased by

5-flavor vs. 6-flavor:

(ACOT: massive top with careful subtraction)

105

103

100 TeV

104
10

102

[fb]

t t H0

[fb]

102

ACOT

gg t t H

ACOT

gg t t H 0

10-2

1
10-1

14 TeV

10

10-1

10

tt H

10-30.5

10

mH 0 [TeV]

1.5

2.5

3.5

mH 0 [TeV]

5-flavors usually underestimate the rate (better at low M)

6-flavors usually overestimate the rate (better at high M)

(too much resummation) proper treatment needed

Higher CM Energies better approximation

14

e factorization scale ,
1.4

R =mH 0

( )/ (m 0)

! Natural
"# 1
#
$
%
1
2
factorization
scale

1.3
s y

dz

dx
0
f1.2
ttH 0 ft =
log
ft (x, )
Ptg (z) fg
,
t
2
2 z
24 S =2m mt
x 2 m
zx
/x

1.1
H
=m /2
1
his expression
should correspond
to the collinear region of the process tg tH
0.9
2
2
Effective


ven by
the logarithmic term =in
Eq. (10) with mt . We can thus define an
0.8
ctorization
scale e by matching the LL factorization
approximation onto scale

the full result in th
0.7
2
4
6
8
10
mit, 0
mH [TeV]
(Early discussions: Maltoni, Willenbrock)
! 2 " & dx f (x, m 0 ) & dz P (z) log( m2H 0 (1z)2 )f ( , m 0 )
g zx
H
H
e
x t
z tg
z
m2t
in m-ACOT for dierent
factorization
scale
&
&
log
=
.
2
dx
dz

e (dotted), normalized
mt to the cross section
f (x, mH 0 ) z Ptg (z)fg ( zx , mH 0 )
x t
2

H0

H0

eff

o R = F (left panel) and R = mH 0 (right

10 5

ere we have used = mH 0 as an input scale for100the

PDFs. The so-obtaine
TeV
10 4
m $ACOT $ # m H %
0.5
ctorization scale e is displayed in the left panel of Figure 7. We
show
the rati
0
0.6

eff #m H 0

0.4
V (solid)
and 14 TeV (dashed). The eective
0.3 the scalar mass. Especially for large
spect
to

100 TeV
S = 0.2
100 TeV) and 20% ( S = 14 TeV) of
9). As0.1the momentum fraction z = m2H 0 /s
14 TeV 2
2
near logarithm
is
m
(1

z)
, significantly
0
H
0.0
2
6
8 is thus
10
fixed CM energy,
the4scale reduction
H !TeV"
fixed mass mH 0 , z ism on
average larger at
s why the reduction is more pronounced at

pp"H 0 !fb "

t t " H $ # eff %

1000

16 100
10

gg "t t H 0

t t "H 0

1
0.1

10

m H 0 !TeV"

15

d/dy at y = 0, p

Another recent work *

t

tb ! H

H+
b

Full NLO O(s) calculations, including NLO PDFs.

pp

H ,

mH+, GeV

100 TeV

10
1

, pb

0.1
0.01

LL
OT

0.001
10 4

NLL
NF

1000

1500 2000

MH , GeV

* Dawson, Ismail, Low, 2014

16

3000

5000

7000

10000

Gauge-boson Initiated Processes

At colliding energies E >> MW,

EW gauge bosons are new gluons!

In the EW theory:

Pq!qVT
Pq!qVL

Effective W-Approximation
(VBF h is seen by ATLAS/CMS)
S. Dawson, 1985;
G. Kane et al., 1984;
Chanowitz & Gailard, 1984

2
2
1
+
(1
x)
Q

2
2
2
ln 2
= (gV + gA )
2
x

2 1 x
2
2
= (gV + gA )

VT radiation the same as g, : |M|2 ~ pT2 :

- dead cone at pT 0

- log-enhancement at high pT & soft x

VL radiation no collinear enhancement/suppression,
not the same as a scalar radiation.

17

WW Partonic luminosities

The resulting luminosity expression is

TH, R. Ruiz, B. Tweedie, in prep
! 1
! 1
! 1
1
d
dz1
dz2 "
V V ( ) =
(7)

(V V + 1) / z1 //z1 z2
q,q
#
%
%
&
$
$

fV /q (z2 )fV /q (z1 ) fq/p ()fq /p

+ fV /q (z2 )fV /q (z1 ) fq/p
fq /p ()
z1 z2
z1 z2

1067
PRELIMINARY - 100 TeV pp
W W
105
gg
2.0 Vector Boson Distribution
Functions
105
104
103 transversely and longitudinally polarized
The
W distributions from a quark with momentum
qq
102 z and evolved qtoq a scale QV MW is given by
fraction
W W
q
4
10
10$
'
(
%
q
W
gg
10
2
2
2
2
qq
QV
CV + CA z + 2(1 z)
g
2
1
log
fWT /q (z, QV ) =
, CV = CA = ,
(8)
W
2
2
-1
8
z
M
2qq 2
10-2
3 W
10
2 (1 z)
tt

W
10-3
CV2 + W
CA
.
(9)
fW0/q (z) =
10-4
2
W
W
4
z
10-5
For
photon from a quark with electric charge eq evolved to a scale Q
10 a0.02
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
0.04
0.06 0.08
0.1
s [TeV]
= 2s/s EM e2q [1 + (1 z)] $ Q2V %
0

14 TeV

+
0

100 TeV

+
T

+
T

+
0

f/q (z, Q ) =

log

EM 1/137,

(10)

+ W- ) similar zsize to lumi(tt);

Lumi(W
T
T

- 1.22
where = 1.5+GeV
GeV is a cuto scale
separating partonic and hadronic physics. The
Lumi(W
W
)
~
Lumi(W
),
Electro=weak
T
T
quark, gluon, and EW vector boson factorization scales are evolved up to
s
Lumi(W+LW-L) 100 times
smaller:
Goldstones (11)
Q =Q = .
4
Lumi(100/14) increased by 1000 105 for 500 GeV - 4 TeV!

2 2

2
V

3.0

2
f

Check with Majorana18

Neutrinos from W Fusion

Scattering:

Unitarity
in
the
SM
The
light, weakly coupled

Higgsless
Model existence of a SM
A
= + O(1)
A
=
+ O(1)
Higgs
boson
unitarize
theWW
amplitude:

Famous
SM example:
longitudinal WW
WW scattering

M: VBS Amplitude unitarized by Higgs

WLWL
WWZZ

s
v2

WWZZ

1
s2
v 2 s Mh 2

s
v2

SM: VBS Amplitude unitarized by Higgs

107

Longitudinal polarization:

no Higgs

SM

Higgsless Model

AWWZZ =
Standard Model

s
v2

+ O(1)

AWWZZ =

1
s2
v 2 s Mh 2

s
v2

+ O(1)

2

~ For
s/veach
diagram:
2vertex:
2

Adding photon, Z and
4W
~ (g2/16
)
s/v
W W ->ZZ

s @fbD

107

106

no Higgs

s @fbD

Standard Model

~
105

500

106

2/v2

m
Summing
all diagrams:
H

W+W-->ZZ

In SM
unitarity
is preserved
by gauge3000cancellations.
1000
1500
2000
2500

105

500

s` @GeVD
1000

1500
s` @GeVD

2000

2500

3000

Adding additional
terms (dim Dresden
6 operators)
Issues of Unitarisation
October 1st 2013spoils
6 / 34cancellations

Consistent perturbative theory up to (?)

Sekulla (Universit
at Siegen)

Marco Sekulla (Universit

at Siegen)

Issues of Unitarisation

Dresden October 1st 2013

6 / 34

New strong dynamics effects may still exist,

Theory of anomalous couplings
Nicolas Greiner, MPI Mnchen
Dresden, 1.10.2013
2
2
but delayed to v / .

19

WLWL Scattering:

Quantum Numbers
Different channels are sensitive to different physics:

I
J=0
1
2
...

0
0
.
f0
...

1
.
, 0 , +
.
...

2
, , 0 , + , ++
.
t , t , t 0 , t + , t ++
...

I = 0: resonant in W + W and ZZ scattering

I = 1: resonant in W + Z and W Z scattering

I = 2: resonant in W + W + and W W scattering

Equally important: WW HH, tt for H3 & top couplings.

20

Multi Gauge-boson Production

From prompt production
A t 100 TeV:
M. Manganos talk

WW

=770 pb

WWW

=2 pb

WWZ

=1.6 pb

WWWW

=15 fb

WWWZ

=20 fb

....

Each W costs you a factor of ~ 1/100 (EW coupling)

21

Multi Gauge-boson Production

From splitting/showering:
At colliding energies E >> Mv,

In EW gauge boson splitting:

J. Chen, TH, B. Tweedie, in prep

PVT !VT V 0

2
1
=
[
+ x(1
2 x(1 x)

PVT !VL V 0

2
=
x(1
4

PVT !VT H

2 1 x
=
4 x

Q2
x)] ln 2
MW

Q2
x) ln 2
MW

VT the new gluons!

VL/H radiations the Goldstone Eq. Theo.

22

Splitting Probabilities:

J. Chen, TH, B. Tweedie, in prep

Split
Form
Rate: E=1TeV
q qVT
2.8x10-3 ln2(E/MW)
1.7%
q qVL ET
1.4x10-3 ln (E/MW)
0.5%
proportional to gv

VT VTVT
VT VLVL

VLh

VL VTVL

VTh

h VTVL
V*T f f
VT VTVL

0.01x ln2(E/MW)

6%

4x10-4 ln (E/MW)
0.15%
ET
same

pure gauge couplings

2x10-3 ln2(E/MW)
1%
same

ET

same

0.04x ln(E/MW)
0.01x ln(E/MW)

VTh ET

3x10-4

22%

0.3%

4%

5%

10%

2%

5%

proportional to gv
0.03%
23

10 TeV

7%

1%

0.03%

1
Christiansen,
Sjostrand: 1401.5238

10-1
f
f
f
f

-3

= 0.0
= 1.0
= 1.1
= 2.0

10

10-4

-5

10

70

80

mBDRS [GeV]

90

100

0.11
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
50

hard process

pTJ > 750 GeV

s = 14 TeV, p
> 1 TeV
hard process
s = 100 TeV, p
> 10 TeV

At higher energies, each W

costs you a factor of ~ 1/10 !

10-1
f = 0.0
f = 1.0
f = 1.1
f = 2.0
10-2

0.022

d /d mBDRS [pb/2 GeV]

pTJ > 500 GeV

10-2

Probability

hard process

s = 14 TeV, p
> 1 TeV
hard process
s = 100 TeV, p
> 10 TeV

d /d mBDRS [pb/2 GeV]

Probability

Multi Gauge-boson From showering:

f
f
f
f

pTJ > 1000 GeV

0.02

0.018
0.016

= 0.0
= 1.0
= 1.1
= 2.0

We are in the process of

developing a more complete
EW showering code.

10-3

60

70

80

10-4

mBDRS [GeV]

90

0.014
0.012
0.01

0.008
0.006

0.004
50

J. Chen, TH, B. Tweedie

mBDRS [GeV]
100

60

70

80

90

100

10-6

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Petrov,
Spannowsky:
W candidate
mass
distribution
using
method
A for pKruass,
750 Schonher,
(center) and 1000
(right) GeV.
TJ > 500 (left),
Number of QCD emissions preceding the weak emission

Number of Z/W bosons

0.34
0.32

pTJ > 750 GeV

f = 0.0
f = 1.0
f = 1.1
fweak
= 2.0

d /d m23 [pb/2 GeV]

0.36

(a)

f = 0.0
f = 1.0
f = 1.1
Probability
f = 2.0

d /d m23 [pb/2 GeV]

> 500 GeV

1403.4788
0.06
pT > 1000 GeV
(b)

0.055

f
f
f
off

= 0.0
= 1.0
= 1.1
QCD
=
2.0

Figure 16.
(a) for0.3multiple emissions of
bosons and (b) for the number
0.05
emissions preceding the weak 0.28
emission. The center of mass energy was set to 100 TeV and the hard
process p? was above 10 TeV.0.26The standard competition was used. 0.045
0.24
0.22

0.04

additional weak boson in 10

of Fig. 16).
0.2 % of the events (under the conditions
0.035
70
80
90
100
50
60
70
80
90
100
50
60
70
80
90
100
mIt
m23 [GeV]
is also interesting to note that m
the
larger
available phase space means
that more
23 [GeV]
23 [GeV]
24

New Physics with energetic/

Multi tops/Gauge-bosons
SUSY examples:

bb ! t

, tW

t W + ! 4W bb.

Heavy quark examples: TT, BB,

Energetic W, Z, H, t as new radiation sources
from heavy W, Z decays & WLWL scattering

25

Overall

* With the Higgs discovery, the SM is healthier than ever,

valid to a scale up to ~ ?

But the Higgs sector fine-tuned :

* VLHC will take the lead for searches:

,0

g, t, b,
, ...H, A0; W, Z

The top,W,Z,H may hold the key for
discovery!

Searching for new physics starts from

understanding old physics in the new regime:

- top,W,Z may behave as partons to produce new heavy states;

- top,W,Z,H may serve as new radiation sources;

and may help reveal new heavy states.

- Thus, need precise understanding of the dynamics/kinematics

While new physics searches exciting,

SM Physics Remains rich at VLHC!
26