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Hyoung-Gon Lee , Namkyu Park , Y.S. Hong , Chi-Hyuck Jun , Jinwoo Park
uCIC (u-Computing Innovation Center), Seoul National Univ., San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul,
Republic of Korea
Dept. of Industrial & Manufacturing Eng., Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI 48202, USA
Dept. of Industrial & Management Eng., POSTECH, San 31, HyoJa-Dong, Nam-Gu, GyeongBuk, Pohang,
Republic of Korea
Abstract
The part explosion process is one of the key elements of MRP (Material Requirement Planning) systems
which generate plans to provide raw materials and subassemblies in the right amount at the right time for
manufacturing enterprises. However, the process takes up much time as it has to interact with database
intensively, and real time processing was very hard to achieve. Meanwhile, grid computing technology which
aims to utilize unused capacity of computing power internet-wide is being broadly introduced in business.
This paper proposes a grid enabled part explosion process in a distributed database environment and show
the performance improvement by simulation study. In the proposed system, maintenance of MRP consists of
four steps; master data synchronization, job distribution, part explosion, and writing back steps. Particularly,
the part explosion process was found to be much faster using grid resources; accelerated to nearly n times
faster with n nodes when the writing back step is performed afterwards.
Keywords:
Part Explosion, MRP, Computational Grid, Distributed Databases
1 INTRODUCTION
Due to the advances in information technology it has now
become possible for manufacturing enterprises to build
production plans for parts or products for entire supply
chain. Conventionally MRP (Material Requirement
Planning) has been used for efficient planning of material
requirements in a single factory. But more recently,
requirement plans among many production factories are
aggregated to seek for global optimum of a supply network.
To achieve aggregate planning, enterprises have long
struggled with creating, maintaining, integrating, and
leveraging enterprise master data [1]. Issues related to socalled Master data management arose mainly in two
aspects. First, discordance among master data of each
facility units has made it hard to distinguish synonyms and
homonyms for every item. Second, huge size of master
data among the companies in a supply chain has become
hard to manage and resulted in performance degradation in
planning processes. In this research, the latter issue is
considered mainly by improving part explosion process and
former issue is taking into account by assuming all the
master data sets are integrated by same identifications.
The part explosion process in MRP is a repetitive process
which terminates when each requirement plans related to
every parts are traversed. As a result, the process consists
of a series of cycles made up of four steps, namely, netting,
lot sizing, time phasing and BOM explosion as shown in
Figure 1. Detailed explanation on each step follows.
1. Netting: net requirements are computed by subtracting
inventory and scheduled receipts from gross
requirements
2. Lot sizing: net requirements are grouped by batch unit
which appears as lot
3. Time phasing: deciding when to release the order
referring lead time
4. BOM explosion: gross requirements for child items are
calculated according to the requirements received from
former processes for each time bucket
LITERATURE REVIEW
Sp =
1
1
<
1f
f
f +
p
(1)
th
Description
Global BOM
Requirements
Structure
Master
Pool
Task
Figure 4: Four processes of the MRP engine including the part explosion process
Description
Current
grid-CMCT
grid-DMCT
grid-DMDT
th
6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research was primarily supported by the project,
'Development of a Knowledge-based Collaborative
Manufacturing System', one of the 'Next Generation New
Technology Development' programs funded by the MOCIE
(Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy), Republic of
Korea. We would also like to acknowledge financial and
administrative supports from Seoul R&BD Program
sponsored by the Seoul Metropolitan Government, Brain
Korea 21 Project sponsored by the Korean Research
Foundation, and ASRI (Automation and Systems Research
Institute) in Seoul National University.
7 REFERENCES
[1] Wang R., McNabb K., 2006, Trends 2006: Master data
management, Forrester Research.
[2] Melnyk S. A., Piper C. H., 1985, Leadtime errors in
MRP: the lot-sizing effect. International Journal of
Production Research, 23, 253264.
[3] Heemsbergen B. L., Malstrom E. M., 1994, A
simulation of single level MRP lot-sizing heuristics: an
analysis of performance by rule, Production Planning
and Control, 5, 381-391.
[4] Minifie J. R., Davis R. A., 1986, Survey of MRP
Nervousness
issues,
Production
Inventory
Management, 27, 381-391.
[5] Lee H., Na H., Shin K., Jeong H., Park J., 2006,
Performance improvement study for MRP part
explosion in ERP environment, International Journal of
Advanced
Manufacturing
Technology,
Online
published (10.1007/s00170-006-0718-9).
[6] Foster I., Kesselman C., 1999, The Grid: Blueprint for
a New Computing Infrastructure. Morgan Kaufmann,
San Francisco.
[7] Krauter K., Buyya R., Maheswaran M., 2002, A
taxonomy and survey of grid resource management
systems for distributed computing, Software Practice &
Experience, 32, pp. 135-164.
5 CONCLUSION
Duration time for part explosion process was considerably
reduced by applying computational grid activated on
resource suppliers. Furthermore, if the assumption that
every requirement plan has to be stored in a single
database is violated, the performance could even reach to n
times better for n nodes of participants. Although it could be
claimed that this is not a genuine improvement in the sense
that n processors can only give an n-fold increased
performance, the proposed method to harness unused
computing resources to enhance the process efficiency has
fair practical importance as such resources are manifestly
available and well suited to the demanding computational
nature of the MRP process. Proposed system also provides
a solution for synchronizing master data, so that efforts for
Model
of BOM
No. of Workers
time
Sp
time
Sp
time
Sp
11
Current
144.7(Sec.)
--
144.7
--
144.7
--
Grid(2)
129.1
12.08%
125.3
15.48%
49
195.31%
Grid(4)
117.2
10.15%
109.2
14.74%
24.9
96.79%
Grid(8)
107.7
8.82%
96.5
13.16%
12.8
94.53%
Current
298.6
--
298.6
--
298.6
--
Grid(2)
233.6
27.82%
223.3
33.72%
83.9
255.90%
Grid(4)
207.9
12.36%
194.5
14.81%
43.3
93.76%
12
13
Grid-CMCT
Grid-DMCT
Grid-DMDT
Grid(8)
188
10.59%
173
12.43%
22.9
89.08%
Current
613.9
--
613.9
--
338.1
--
Grid(2)
441.1
39.17%
420.9
45.85%
88.7
295.81%
Grid(4)
393.2
12.18%
368.3
14.28%
60.1
91.48%
Grid(8)
354.3
10.98%
328.7
12.05%
44.3
86.21%
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