7UT61X Transformer Protection

Module 10B:
Transformer Protection
The year of Profitable Growth
Global network of innovation
Power Transmission and Distribution
Commissioning and operating aids (4 of 5)

Power Automation
Progress. Its that simple.
Generator
transformer
SITRAM+
Siemens
Transformer
Monitoring
System for
all voltage
levels
Shunt
reactor
HVDC
System
interconnecting
transformer
FACTS
Converter
transformer
Furnace
transformer
System
transformer
Oil-immersed
distribution transformer
Voltage
regulator
GEAFOL
cast-resin transformer
TLM50+
Siemens
Transformer
Life
Management
Program
Traction
transformer
Power Automation
575-MVA Phase Angle Regulator (PAR)

Transformer Set in the 345 kV Station
Power Automation
Power Automation
630-kVA Oil-Immersed Distribution

Transformers, TUMETIC, TUNORMA
Power Automation
Power Automation
Transformer Prices
Power Automation
>40 MVA
10,-US$ pro kVA =>
30MVA = 40.000 kVA *10 US$ = 300.000US$
>200 MVA
8,-US $ pro kVA =>
200 MVA 200.000kVA *8 US$ = 1600.000US$
>1000 MVA
5,-US$ pro kVA =>
1000 MVA 1000.000kVA *5 = 5000.000 US$
Power Automation
TLM50+ Siemens Transformer Life Management

Program
Power Automation
SIDRY, SMART DRY,

SIREC advanced life
extension programs
SITRAD Condition
assessment program
Traditional heat and

vacuum treatment
On-site services
and repair
SITRAM+ transformer
monitoring system
Power Automation
Transformer Faults
Power Automation
Power Automation
The 7UT6 Family

Power Automation
SIPROTEC 4
7UT6 differential protection relay for transformers,
generators, motors and busbars
7UT612:
7UT613:
7UT633:
7UT635:
for two end protection objects

for three end protection objects
for three end protection objects
for five end protection objects
(1/3 x 19 housing 7XP20)

Power Automation
Hardware options
Power Automation
Device
7UT612
7UT613
7UT633
7UT635
Current Inputs (normal)

Current Inputs (sensitive)
Voltage Inputs (Uph / UE)
Binary Inputs
Binary Outputs
Life contact
LC Display
7 (7)*
1
--3
4
1
4 lines
11 (6)*
1**
3/1
5
8
1
4 lines
11 (6)*
1**
3/1
21
24
1
Graphic
14 (12)*
2**
--29
24
1
Graphic
1A, 5A, (1A, 5A, 0.1A) changeable (jumper position)
** changeable normal or sensitive (jumper position)
Power Automation
Scope of functions and Protection objects

Power Automation
Function
ANSI No.
Protection Objects
Differential
87T/G/M/L
Three-phase transformer
Restricted Earth fault
87 N
Single-phase transformer
Overcurrent-time, phases
50/51
Auto-transformer
Overcurrent-time, 3I0
50N/51N
Generator / Motor
Overcurrent-time, earth
50G/51G
Busbar, 3-phase (Branch point)
Overcurrent-time, single phase
Busbar, 1-phase
Negative sequence
46
Overload IEC 60255-8
49
Overload IEC 60354 (hot spot)
49
Overexcitation V/Hz
24
Breaker failure
50BF
External temperature monitoring
38
Lockout
86
Measured value supervision

Trip circuit supervision
74TC
Direct coupling
Operational measured values
Power Automation
10
Cross reference - functions and protected objects

Power Automation
Protection functions
ANSI No.
Transf.
3-phase
Transf.
1-phase
Autotransf.
Gen. /
Motor
Busbar
3-phase
Busbar
1-phase
Differential
87T/G/M/L
Restricted Earth Fault
87 N
---
---
---
Overcurrent-time, phases
50/51
---
Overcurrent-time, 3I0
50N/51N
---
---
Overcurrent-time, earth
50G/51G
Overcurrent-time, single phase
Negative sequence
46
---
---
Overload IEC 60255-8
49
---
Overload IEC 60354
49
---
24
Breaker failure
50 BF
---
External temperature monitoring

(thermo-box)
38
Lockout
86
Direct coupling 1
Direct coupling 2
Operational measured values
Overexcitation V/Hz
*)
Measured value supervision

Trip circuit supervision
X Function applicable ;
74TC
--- Function not applicable ;
*) only 7UT613 / 633

Power Automation
11
Communication features
Power Automation
Flexibility due to plug in modules
Compatibility to international standards
RS232/RS485 electrical module
Front interface
DIGSI4
WEB Monitor
Service interface (s)

Fibre-optic module
Optical double-ring module
DIGSI4 operation
modem connection
RTD box
System interface
IEC60870-5-103
Profibus FMS
Profibus DP
DNP3.0
Modbus ASCII/RTU
Time synchronising
IRIG-B (GPS)
DCF77
Power Automation
12
Connection Example
M3
L1
Power Automation
side 3
L2
direct connection to the

main Cts
L3
L1
M2
side 2
side 1
M1
L1
L2
L2
L3
L3
no matching transformers /
no matching connections
numerical vector group
adaptation without zero
sequence current correction
depending of the type of
earthing of the winding.
increased sensitivity by 33%
by measuring of the zero
sequence current (7UT6) for
single-pole faults.
IL1M2
IX1
IX3
IL1M1
IL2M2
IL2M1
IL3M2
IL3M1
1A/5A main Cts adaptation

in the relay
permissible ratio Ct nominal

current to transformer nominal
current up to 1 : 4
IL1M3
Surface
mounting
housing
IL2M3
Flush/
cubiclemounting
housing
IL3M3
7UT613
Power Automation
13
Application: 3-winding transformer YNd5d11 (1 of 4)

Power Automation
IL1M1/I1

M1
IL2M1/I2
M2
400/1A
M1
400/1A
IL3M1/I3
IL1M2/I4
M3 400/1A
M2
IL2M2/I5
IL3M2/I6
IL1M3/I7
M3
IL2M3/I8
IL3M3/I9
M5
3500/1A
Side 1
200/1A
IL1M4/I10
M4
IL2M4/I11
IL3M4/I12
Side 3
Side 2
IL1M5/Ix1
M5
IL2M5/Ix2
M4
8000/1A
IL3M5/Ix3
Ix4
7UT635
Power Automation
14

-Device Configuration and Power System Data 1
Power Automation
7UT635
Power Automation
15

-continue Power System Data 1
Power Automation
7UT635
Power Automation
16

-continue Power System Data 1
Power Automation
7UT635
Power Automation
17
Application: Autotransformer with Winding (1 of 2)

Power Automation
M1
Side 1
M2
Side 3
M3
Side 2
IL1M2
IL1M3
IL2M2
IL2M3
IL3M2
IL3M3
IL1M1
IL2M1
IL3M1
7UT613
Power Automation
18

- Power System Data 1
Power Automation
7UT613
Power Automation
19

- Power System Data 1
Power Automation
Power Automation
20
Application: Autotransformer (bank) with

3 Cts at the star point side available
Power Automation
(1 of 2)
M3
M1
Only compensation winding,

no external connection!
M2
Increased sensitivity for

phase to phase- and
phase to ground faults
towards the star point!
7UT613
Power Automation
21
Application: Autotransformer (bank) with

3 Cts at the neutral side
(2 of 2)
Power Automation
7UT613
Power Automation
22
Application: Single-phase bus bar

(1/2)
- Phase selective configuration (1 7UT6 for 1 phase)
Power Automation
7UT612:
7 currentinputs
7UT613/633:
9 currentinputs
7UT635:
12 currentinputs
7UT612
Power Automation
23

(2/2)
- Phase selective configuration (1 7UT6 for 1 phase)
Power Automation
7UT612
2 more Relays
for Phase 2 and 3
are necessary
Power Automation
24

- configuration with Summation Cts
(1 of 2)
Power Automation
7UT612:
7 currentinputs 0.1A
7UT613/633:
6 currentinputs 0.1A
7UT635:
12 current
inputs 0.1A
*) Summation CT
4AM5120-3DA00-0AN2: 1/0.1A
4AM5120-4DA00-0AN2: 5/0.1A
7UT612
Power Automation
25

- configuration with Summation Cts
(2 of 2)
Power Automation
7UT612
Not important
in this case
Power Automation
26
General Applications
of 2)
(1
Power Automation
Two winding transformer

1 or 3 phases
Three winding transformer

1 or 3 phases
1 C.B. application with

two winding transformer
7UT613
7UT633
7UT612
7UM62
Short lines
(2 ends)
7UT613
7UT633
Short lines
(3 ends)
1 C.B. application on
HV and LV side with
two winding transformer
7UT635
7UT612
7UT613
7UT633
Power Automation
27
General Applications
of 2)
(2
Power Automation
Generator/Motor longitudinal or
transversal differential protection
High-impedance
Restricted Earth Fault Protection
G/M
3~
7UT612
7UM62
7UT6xx
Unit Protection
(Overall Differential)
IEE input
of the unit
7UT635
G
3~
Power Automation
28
Differential functions IDiff> and IDiff>>

Power Automation
measured value
pre-processing
( vector gr. ,Cts )

i1L
Instantaneous
values
iRest = i1 + i2
side 1
i2L
iDiff = i1 + i2
side 2
rectified mean value:

IRest = iRest
fundamental wave:
IDiff = rms(iDiff)50Hz
Tripping characteristic,
saturation detection
IDiff
IDiff>
IRest
&
Trip
IDiff>
Trip
IDiff>>
Motor start
DC off set
analysing of harmonics:
-block by 2. & 3. or 5.har
-cross block
iDiff
iRest IRest
IDiff
IDiff
I / InO
I / InO
IDiff>>
ms
iDiff
2IDiff>>
ms
IDiff> restrained (biased) differential function, IDiff> = f(IRest)

- Ct-saturation detector (add on stabilization) for external faults.
IDiff>> fast unrestrained high current differential function, its setting therefore should be higher then
the maximum possible through flowing current! Example Transformer: IDiff>> > (1/uk)InO
This function will be not blocked by harmonics due to an inrush or Ct-saturation!
The IDiff>> stage evaluates the fundamental wave of the currents as well as the instantaneous values.
- Fundamental wave processing:
fast tripping at the set threshold.
- Instantaneous value processing: ensures fast tripping even in case the fundamental wave
of the current is strongly reduced by Ct-saturation. Because of the possible DC offset after fault
inception, the instantaneous value stage operates only above twice the set threshold.
Power Automation
29
Tripping Characteristic
Reasons for this shape of characteristic
Power Automation
I Diff
InO
3.0
2.5
Trip
Slope 2
Total
2.0
Block
1.5
CTerror
1.0
Slope 1
Tapchanger
0.5
IDiff>
0
Magnet.
current
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
I Rest InO
Example: Transformer with Tap changer
Power Automation
30
of 2)
Power Automation
Tripping Characteristic 7UT6
I Diff
InO
1231 IDiff>>
(1
7
1243A
SLOPE 2
6
45
Block
Trip
4
*)
3
2
Add-on
Stabilization
1241A
SLOPE 1
1
1221 IDiff>
1242A
1256A
BASE POINT 1
I-ADD ON STAB
1244A
BASE POINT 2
10
12
14
16
*) Slope for Add-on Stabilization:

7UT6 Slope 1 ; 7UT5 Slope 1
I Rest
InO
flexible adaptation to various transformers, e.g. with tap changer or different Cts
high stability against external faults with Ct saturation
IDiff>>: fast tripping for solid short-circuits within one period
Power Automation
31
Power Automation
of 2)
- Parameters
(2
7UT6: settable
7UT5: 0 (fixed)
7UT6 only
min. setting:
7UT6: 3 ; 7UT5: 5
7UT613 / 63x
Power Automation
32
- Pickup of differential function
Power Automation
For triggering of internal tasks, events and fault records the differential protection
function needs a pickup information. This pickup becomes active, if the differential
current or the restraint current is over an internal threshold
(dotted line). Each external large current leads to a pickup.
Pickup doesnt always mean internal failure!
Power Automation
33
- Add on stabilization during external fault
Power Automation
During an external fault which

produces a high
through-flowing current,
causing Ct saturation,
a considerable differentialcurrent can be simulated,
especially when the degree of
saturation is different at the
two sides.
If the quantities IDiff/IRest result
in an operating point which
lays in the trip area of the
operating characteristic, a
trip signal would be the
consequence, if there were no
special measures
Tripping Characteristic 7UT6
I Diff
InO
IDiff>>
(1 of 2)
Trip
6
45
Block
5
D
C
4
3
Add-on
Stabilization
1
Saturation inception
IDiff>
0
0
A
10
12
14
16
I Rest
InO
Immediately after fault inception (A) the fault currents increase severely thus producing a high
restraint quantity. At the instant of Ct saturation (B) a differential quantity is produced and the restraint
quantity is reduced. In consequence, the operating point IDiff/IRest may move into the tripping area (C).
In contrast, the operating point moves immediately along the fault characteristic (D) when an internal
fault occurs.
When an external fault is detected, the differential stage for this phase is blocked by an
adjustable no. of periods. (for 7UT613/63x now also cross block is possible)
Power Automation
34
Power Automation
of 2)
- Demonstration of add-on stabilization
(2
Block
45
Trip
add-on
stabilisati
on
Power Automation
35
- Motor Start
Power Automation
Typical for motor start is the starting current and the superimposed dc component with
a large time constant. The two Ct-sets may transform this dc component differently.
The result is a differential current and the risk of an over-function is given.
Detection of motor starting:
Increases the pick-up values for a settable time
Tripping Characteristic 7UT6 for Motor start
I Diff
InO
1231 Idiff>>
Criterion:
Supervision of
restraint current
7
Start-up characteristic
6
5
IRest > I-Restr. Startup

(until 2 I/InO)
than the
Start-Factor (max. 2)
is active for the time:
T Start Max
(Duration of dynamical
increasing of pickup)
Steady-state
characteristic
Trip
45
Increase
of pickup
3
2
Block
1
1221 Idiff>
10
12
14
16
Power Automation
I Rest
InO
36
DC offset: Increasing of the Characteristic
Power Automation
increased
characteristic
(factor 2)
0.24
0.36
Steady state
characteristic
0.12
0.18
Minimum
setting
Add-on
stabilization
Setting Add-on stabilization:

5
7UT613/63x only
Power Automation
37
Inrush, cross block, over excitation [V/Hz]

2)
(1 of
filter window
1 cycle
Power Automation
iRUSH
= iDiff
Cross-block = No (phase separate blocking)
Inrush current
in one phase
1P
I 2har
I Diff
2P
IDiff, L1 > trip blocking
L2-block
L3-block
3P t
Cross-block = Yes (blocking of all phases)
block
Setting
value
15 %
L1-block
L1-block
L2-block
OR
1
IDiff > trip blocking

for an adjustable time
L3-block
no block
0
recognise inrush condition by evaluating the ratio 2nd harmonic I2har to basic wave IDiff.
Time limit for cross-block. Reliable reaction to the inrush condition with cross-block.
Trip of a short circuit after the set time delay.
recognise over excitation [V/Hz] by evaluating the ratio 3rd or 5th harmonic to basic wave
Power Automation
38
Inrush, cross block, over excitation [V/Hz]

(2 of 2)
Demo: Inrush followed by an internal Fault L1-E
Power Automation
Internal
fault
IDiff>>
Inrush
IDiff>
Add-on
stabilizati
on
3 cycles
Power Automation
39
Low impedance Restricted Earth Fault (REF)

2)
(1 of
Power Automation
The REF measures the Neutral current of the object ( ISP = 3I0 ) and, depending on the
angle () between 3I0 and the also measured sum of the phase currents
( 3I0 = IL1 + IL2 + IL3 ), decides for internal or external fault.
The sensitivity of the REF is almost independent from the load of the object.
(The sensitivity of the Differential Function especially for high ohm faults will be
reduced by the load due to the slope of its Tripping Characteristic ).
The REF can be stetted to 0.1 I/INO (min. 0.05) and is therefore more sensitive as the
Differential Protection (even without load).
Power Automation
40
Low impedance Restricted Earth Fault (REF)

Power Automation
Tripping Characteristic REF
IREF> = Setting value (Trip Threshold)

IRest = Restraint current
IREF = 3I0
I REF
I REF
Char. for
= 180
1) for basic Trip-Area (0 90):

IREF = 3I0 and must be IREF>
Tripping
3
Characteristic_1):
IREF / IREF> = 1
(no restraining current IRest effective)
2) for extended Trip-Area (90 180):
Blocking
Characteristic_2):
IREF = IREF> + kIRest
where IRest = (3I0-3I0-3I0+3I0)
IRest includes the direction
(2 of 2)
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
180 > 90
extended Trip-Area
+0.1
+0.2
+0.3
3I '0' 3I '0
90 0
basic Trip-Area
calculation of the basic wave and the complex vectors of I0' and I0"
evaluation of the modulus and angle between I0' and I0"
sensitive fault detection starting with 5% transformer nominal current
Power Automation
41
CT Requirements
Power Automation
(1 of 3)
Request: k ALF
k ALF_N
R ct
R ct
Rb
R 'b
k ALF
k ALF_N
R ct
R ct
Rb
R 'b
IP
I NCtPrim
IP
I NCtPrim
for : TP 100ms
for : TP
where:
kALF_N = rated Accuracy Limiting Factor
Rct = secondary winding resistance
Rb = rated resistive burden
IP = max. primary symmetrical short circuit current
Example: (TP 100ms)
100ms
kALF = actual Accuracy Limiting Factor

Rb = actual resistive burden
TP = Primary (Net-) Time constant
Explanation:
5P20: kALF_N = 20
110 kV
7UT6
200/1A
5P20,15VA
Rct = 1
80m , 2.5 mm2
Wind.1
0.1
38.1 MVA
110/11 kV
uk = 10%
2000/1A
10P10, 10VA
Rct = 2
11 kV
50m , 4 mm2
Wind.2
0.1
Power Automation
42
CT Requirements
of 3)
Power Automation
(2
Side 2 (LV):
Side 1 (HV):
Nominal transformer current:
SN
3 U N1
InO1
38100kVA
3 110kV
Nominal transformer current:
Maximum through flowing current:
c InO1
100%
uk
I P_1
R 'b
k ALF
Sb
I
2
NCtS
2 l
q
20
15VA
1A 2
1.1 200A
100%
10%
2200A
15
160m 0.0175
2.5mm
mm 2
m
2
0.1 1.22
1 15
144
1 1.22
k ALF 144
IP
I NCT prim
2200A
200A
c InO 2
100%
uk
I P_2
2000A
R 'b
Sb
I
2
NCtS
2 l
q
k ALF 10
44
OK!
1.1 2000A
100%
10%
22000A
where: c = factor for max. possible over voltage
Rb
R Relay
38100kVA
3 11kV
Maximum through flowing current:
where: c = factor for max. possible over voltage
Rb
SN
3 U N2
InO 2
200A
k ALF
10VA
1A 2
10
100m 0.0175
R Relay
2 10
2 0.54
47.2 4
IP
I NCT prim
mm 2
m
4mm 2
0.1
0.54
47.2
4
22000A
2000A
44
OK!
Power Automation
43
CT Requirements
of 3)
Power Automation
(3
5P20, 200/1A, 15VA, Rct = 1, Rb = 1.22, 11I/INCT ; TP = 100ms
10P10, 2000/1A, 10VA, Rct = 2, Rb = 0.54, 11I/INCT ; TP = 100ms
Power Automation
44
Power Automation
Commissioning and operating aids

4)
WEB-Technology
(1 of
Access to the relay with a WEB Monitor

Help system in
INTRANET / INTERNET
http://www.siprotec.com
1. Serial connection
Direct or via modem with a
standard DIAL-UP Network
The homepage of the relay

is:http://141.141.255.160
IP-address is set with DIGSI 4
on front- or rear service port
WEB server in the relays

firmware
Server sends its HTML-pages
and JAVA-code to the WEB Monitor
after a DIAL-UP connection
2. HTML page view in a WEB Monitor

with the IP-address of the relay
http://141.141.255.160
Power Automation
45

4)
(2 of
Power Automation
Transformer YNd11d11, 110/11/11kV, 38.1MVA, IL2S2 wrong polarity

Power Automation
46

4)
(3 of
Power Automation
Transformer YNd11d11, 110/11/11kV, 38.1MVA, IL2S2 wrong polarity

Power Automation
47

4)
(4 of
Power Automation
Power Automation
48
Benefits for the Customer

Power Automation
Protection relay with flexible adaptation to the transformer/generator/motor

or short line. Programming of the device data in the relay.
Reduced amount of wiring by direct connection to the main Cts.
No matching transformers and therefore no wiring errors.
Zero sequence current can be measured (in the 7UT6).
Sensitivity for single-pole faults in the transformer increased by 33% .
Flexible adaptation of the tripping characteristic to various main Cts,

tapped transformers.
Exact discrimination between the short circuit condition and the inrush
condition by on-line analysis of the harmonics. Fast tripping for
high-current faults. Ct saturation detector for external faults.
Thermal monitoring of one transformer winding (including RTD meas.)
Back-up DMTL/IDMTL with reverse blocking for one winding.

Sensitive short circuit protection for faults winding against earth.
External Trip functions
Various commissioning aids.
Common DIGSI 4 software
Power Automation
49
Comparison of functions/settings
between 7UT51- and 7UT6 relays
7UT51
7UT612
7UT613
7UT633
7UT635
Tripping Characteristic: Base point for slope 1 settable
---
Tripping Characteristic: Increasing of characteristic at start
---
Tripping Characteristic: minimum setting for add-on stabilization I/InO
Tripping Characteristic: cross block for add-on stabilization
---
---
Tripping Characteristic: slope of add-on stabilization / slope 1
Tripping Characteristic: Increasing of characteristic due to DC offset in IDiff
---
---
Transformer inrush: Default setting for cross block 2. harmonic [cycles]
Transformer inrush: Default setting for 5. harmonic [%]
80
30
30
30
30
Negative sequence current protection
---
Over excitation protection [V/Hz]
---
---
---
Overload protection IEC 60354 (hot spot)
---
Single phase busbar differential
---
High impedance Restricted Earth Fault
---
Voltage measurements
---
---
---
Temperature monitoring (via Thermo-box / RS 485)
---
All functions can be enabled at the same time
---
WEB Toll (commissioning aid)
---
Power Automation
Power Automation
50

7UT61X Transformer Protection

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

7UT61X Transformer Protection

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Module 10B:

Global network of innovation

Power Transmission and Distribution

Commissioning and operating aids (4 of 5)

Power Transmission and Distribution

575-MVA Phase Angle Regulator (PAR)

Power Transmission and Distribution

630-kVA Oil-Immersed Distribution

Power Transmission and Distribution

Power Transmission and Distribution

TLM50+ Siemens Transformer Life Management

SIDRY, SMART DRY,

Traditional heat and

Power Transmission and Distribution

Power Transmission and Distribution

The 7UT6 Family

for two end protection objects

(1/3 x 19 housing 7XP20)

Power Transmission and Distribution

Current Inputs (normal)

1A, 5A, (1A, 5A, 0.1A) changeable (jumper position)

** changeable normal or sensitive (jumper position)

Power Transmission and Distribution

Scope of functions and Protection objects

Restricted Earth fault

Busbar, 3-phase (Branch point)

Overcurrent-time, single phase

Overload IEC 60255-8

Overload IEC 60354 (hot spot)

External temperature monitoring

Measured value supervision

Power Transmission and Distribution

Cross reference - functions and protected objects

Restricted Earth Fault

Progress. Its that simple.

Overcurrent-time, single phase

Overload IEC 60255-8

Overload IEC 60354

External temperature monitoring

Operational measured values

Measured value supervision

--- Function not applicable ;

*) only 7UT613 / 633

Power Transmission and Distribution

Flexibility due to plug in modules

Progress. Its that simple.

Compatibility to international standards

RS232/RS485 electrical module

Service interface (s)

Optical double-ring module

Power Transmission and Distribution

direct connection to the

1A/5A main Cts adaptation

permissible ratio Ct nominal

Power Transmission and Distribution

Application: 3-winding transformer YNd5d11 (1 of 4)

Progress. Its that simple.

Power Transmission and Distribution

Application: 3-winding transformer YNd5d11 (2 of 4)

Power Transmission and Distribution

Application: 3-winding transformer YNd5d11 (3 of 4)

Power Transmission and Distribution

Application: 3-winding transformer YNd5d11 (4 of 4)