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CHAPTER: 5
Aeration
Aeration
Primary applications in water treatment
Removal of dissolved gases (degasification)
CO2
High solubility of CO2 reduces the pH of water which causes excessive consumption of lime or other neutralizing
agents in coagulation and softening process. The corrosiveness of water is also higher at lower pH values.
Exposure of water droplets to air for 2sec will lower the CO2 by 70-90%
CO2 > 10mg/L aeration is recommended
Otherwise lime addition should be used to neutralize the CO2
CH4
Volatile organics
Aerators
Gravity
Aerators
e.g.
Cascade
aerators
Spray
Aerators
Diffused Air
Aeration
Systems
Mechanical
Aerators
h=
1 2
gt ( freefall )
2
2h
g
2nd Mechanism
(effective for gasification, e.g., oxygenation)
Nappe
Tail
water
2
h=
2g
= 2gh
2
h
3
Nappe
Tail
water
h=
2g
2
= 2gh
Rising vel.
of bubbles
produced
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C C
=e
La
C C
s
C C
s o
= 1 e
La
C -C 0
K La t
= 1 e
= K = efficiency coeff.
C s C0
C C 0 = K(C s C 0 )
C C 0 =KC s KC 0
C = C KCo + KC
0
C = C 0 (1 K )+ KC s
s
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If the height of weir being divided in n equal steps each having an efficiency
coeff.
C 1 = C 0 (1 K n )+ K nC s
C 2 = C 1 (1 K n )+ K nC s
C 3 = C 2 (1 K n )+ K nC s
.
.
.
n
K
Cn = C s (C s C 0 ) 1
n
T=temperature, oC
h= m
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@10 0 C C s = 11 .3g / m 3
K=0.45(1+0.046T)h
K=0.45(1+0.046.10)0.65
K
C = C s (C s C 0 ) 1
n
n=1
K=0.427
0 .427
C = 11 .3 (11 .3 2 ) 1
= 5 .97 g / m 3
1
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One step:
h = 1 . 5m from Fig . 3 . 1 KC s = 7 K =
K
C1 = C s (C s C 0 ) 1
n
C 1 =10 (10 2 )(1 0 .7 )1
7
K
= 0 .7 =
10
n
C 1 = 7 .6g / m 3
Ref: Ppel, 1979, Delft University
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Two steps:
h=
1 .5
5
K
= 0 .75m from graph KC s = 5 K =
= 0 .5 =
2
10
n
K
C 2 = C s (C s C 0 ) 1
n
C 2 = 10 (10 2 )(1 0 . 5 )2
C 2 = 8g / m 3
Three steps:
1 .5
K 3 .5
h=
= 0 .5m from graph KC s = 3 .5 K = =
= 0 .35
3
n 10
K
C 3 = C s (C s C 0 ) 1
n
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Spray Aerator
orifices
nozzles
mounted on a stationary pipe system
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Ref: Metcalf Eddy,1991 , McGraw Hill
vertically
at an angle
in upward or downward direction
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Ref: Metcalf Eddy,1991 , McGraw Hill
air is introduced into liquid being aerated in the form of bubbles which
typically rise through the liquid
Ref: http://www.brightwaterfli.com/diffused_aeration_systems.htm
FINE BUBBLE
Ref:http://www.hellotrade.com/diffused-gas-technologies-incorporated/ss-series-plenum-coarse-bubble-diffusers.html
COARSE BUBBLE
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Porous diffusers
Other diffusers
DOME DIFFUSER
DISC DIFFUSER
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Jet aerator
discharges a mixture of pumped liquid and
compressed air through a nozzle.
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Ref: Metcalf Eddy,1991 , McGraw Hill
MECHANICAL AERATORS
By producing a large air-water interface the transfer of oxygen from
atmosphere is enhanced
Ref: http://www.waterandwastewater.com/www_services/newsletter/april_18_2011.htm
Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Surface_Aerator.jpg
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