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Workshop 08
Vortex Shedding
Dimitrios Sofialidis
Technical Manager, SimTec Ltd.
Mechanical Engineer, PhD
PRACE Autumn School 2013 - Industry Oriented HPC Simulations, September 21-27,
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Workshop 7b
Vortex Shedding
14.5 Release
Introduction to ANSYS
Fluent
2012 ANSYS, Inc.
Release 14.5
Introduction
Workshop Description:
Learning Objectives:
To show how to set up, run and postprocess a transient (time
dependant) simulation, as well as additional skills in using custom field
functions and FastFourierTransforms.
Introduction
2012 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
September 19, 2013
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Simulation to be Performed
The case considered here is flow around a cylinder with a Reynolds number of
100.
Vortex shedding will be observed. However the workshop starts with a steady
state analysis assuming that the user didnt anticipate this behavior.
The tutorial is carried out using Fluent and CFDPost in standalone mode.
Introduction
2012 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
September 19, 2013
Solving
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Computational Domain
Computational domain created in ANSYS DesignModeler has the following dimensions.
Introduction
2012 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
September 19, 2013
Name
Location
Dimension
Cylinder
D1
2 m (dia.)
Inlet Length
D2
20 m = 10 D
Outlet Length
D3
30 m = 15 D
Width
D4
40 m = 20 D
Solving
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Re>3.5106
Introduction
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Model Setup
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Solving
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Introduction
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Model Setup
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Mesh [1]
Read the Fluent mesh file: "vortexsheddingcoarse.msh" ("File>Read>Mesh").
The mesh will be read in and displayed, and the zones will be shown in the TUI window.
Introduction
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Model Setup
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Mesh [2]
The mesh needs scaling.
Select "Scale" ("Problem Setup>General>Scale"), and enter the values shown, then
press "Scale". Be careful only to press "Scale" only once.
Final domain
extent.
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Introduction
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Model Setup
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"Outlet":
Select boundary "out".
Keep default of "0 [Pa]".
"Other boundaries":
"cylinder" is set to a "wall", no action needed.
"sym1" and "sym2" are set to "symmetry", no action needed.
Solution Methods.
Select "QUICK" scheme for "Momentum" equation.
Introduction
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Model Setup
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Solution Monitor
Set up residual monitors so the convergence can be monitored.
"Monitors>Residuals>Edit".
Make sure "Plot" is on, then "OK".
Introduction
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Model Setup
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Solution Initialization
Initialize the flow field based on the farfield boundary.
Select "Standard Initialization"
"Compute from" "in" (inlet zone).
"Initialize".
Introduction
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Steady state
solution is
asymmetric.
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Model Setup
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"File>Write Case&Data".
You can write case and data files with extension .gz the files will be compressed
automatically.
To obtain a more realistic solution to this problem we will solve it again, but in a
transient (time dependant) manner.
Introduction
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Model Setup
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Run Calculation
For the transient scheme, it is recommended to change Solver Methods. The
default pressure velocity coupling (SIMPLE) may require more iterations to
converge.
Change to the "PISO" scheme and "2nd Order Implicit" "Transient Formulation" as
shown in the image below .
Also change the "Under Relaxation Factors" as shown in the image.
Introduction
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Model Setup
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Solution Monitor
Edit the Surface monitor.
Change "Get Data Every" to "Time Step". Also set the "X Axis" to be "Time Step".
"OK"
Introduction
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Model Setup
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Solving
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St
fD
1
D
period
6.06 s
V
f St.V
For each oscillation cycle, we will aim to solve 60 timesteps. Hence we will run the solver
using a timestep size of 0.1s.
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Model Setup
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Specify "Time Step" ("0.1 s") and "Number of Time Steps" ("120').
Click on the "Extrapolate Variables" option.
"Calculate" the solution.
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NITA
Enable the "Non Iterative Time Advancement Method" (NITA).
With "Fractional Step" for "PressureVelocity Coupling".
NITA is an algorithm used to speed up the
transient solution process.
Truncation
error: O(Dt2)
O(t2)
+ to eqn segregation):
O(Dtn)
- PISO (NITA/PISO).
- Fractionalstep method (NITA/FSM).
About 20% cheaper than NITA/PISO on a per
timestep basis.
Introduction
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Model Setup
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Result Analysis
Save the transient case&data files.
One of the ways of quantifying the wake vortices is through the use of the "QCriterion".
The formula for this is below. It is not a standard quantity computed by Fluent, however
since we know the formula, we can ask Fluent to compute it at each grid cell.
Q
U V U V
.
x y y x
Select solver quantities using the pull down list at the right hand side to construct this
function as shown, then press "Define".
Introduction
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Close the contour panel, then "OK" to both panels opened on previous slide.
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Solution Monitors
Edit the Surface monitor again.
Check the box next to "Write" and specify a name for the file. This type of file can be
used for Fourier Transform analysis.
"OK".
Introduction
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Introduction
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"File>Load Results".
Select last time step data file (Make sure you select the files generated from the
autosave feature, with a filename "transientdetail1nnnnn.dat.gz", rather than the
results that you have saved manually whilst working though the instructions.
Select "Load complete history as": "A single case".
Introduction
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Model Setup
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Solving
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Insert a vector.
Open a CFDPOST
session.
Keep default name
"Vector 1".
Introduction
2012 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
September 19, 2013
Solving
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There are many ways the simulation in this tutorial could be extended.
Mesh independence.
For lower Reynolds number, steady state analysis with laminar model is possible.
For higher Reynolds numbers, unsteady transitional turbulent models (kkl
omega, SST) have to be considered.
While for Reynolds number higher than 3.5106 , the standard or SST komega
turbulence models would be used.
Introduction
2012 ANSYS, Inc.
Model Setup
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Solving
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WrapUp
This workshop has shown the basic steps that are applied in all CFD simulations:
Setting boundary conditions and solver settings.
Running steady and transient models.
Using iterative and noniterative advancement schemes.
Postprocessing the results, both in Fluent and CFDPost for transient cases.
One of the important things to remember in your own work is, before even
starting the ANSYS software, is to think WHY you are performing the simulation:
What information are you looking for.
What do you know about the boundary conditions.
In this case we were interested in calculating flow around a cylinder, and assessing
the vortex shedding frequency. We checked with FFT analysis that predicted
frequency is in good agreement with results from literature.
Knowing your aims from the start will help you make sensible decisions of how
much of the part to simulate, the level of mesh refinement needed, and which
numerical schemes should be selected.
Introduction
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Model Setup
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References
Braza, M., Chassaing, P., & Minh, H. H., "Numerical Study and Physical Analysis of
the Pressure and Velocity Fields in the Near Wake of a Circular Cylinder", J. Fluid
Mech., 165:79130, 1986.
Coutanceau, M. & Defaye, J. R., "Circular Cylinder Wake Configurations A Flow
Visualization Survey", Appl. Mech. Rev., 44(6), June 1991.
Williamson, C. H. K, "Vortex Dynamics in The Cylinder Wake", Annu. Rev. Fluid
Mechanics, 28:447539, 1996.
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